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Practical Soft Tissue Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach E-Book

Practical Soft Tissue Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach E-Book

Jason L. Hornick

(2017)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Part of the in-depth and practical Pattern Recognition series, Practical Surgical Soft Tissue Pathology, 2nd Edition, helps you arrive at an accurate diagnosis by using a proven pattern-based approach. Leading diagnosticians guide you through the most common patterns seen in soft tissue pathology, applying appropriate immunohistochemistry and molecular testing, avoiding pitfalls, and making the best diagnosis. High-quality illustrations capture key morphologic patterns for a full range of common and rare tumor types, and a "visual index" at the beginning of the book directs you to the exact location of in-depth diagnostic guidance.

  • A consistent chapter organization by histologic pattern considers soft tissue tumors the way you approach them in daily practice, helping you arrive at a quick and accurate diagnosis.
  • A user-friendly design color-codes patterns to specific entities, and key points are summarized in tables and text boxes, so you can quickly and easily find what you are looking for.
  • Sweeping content updates keep you at the forefront of recent findings regarding all major neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the soft tissues.
  • Improved pattern call-outs are now linked directly within the chapter, reinforcing the patterns for more efficient and complete understanding.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover cover
Inside Front Cover ifc1
Half title page i
Front Matter iii
Practical Soft Tissue Pathology A Diagnostic Approach iii
Copyright Page iv
Dedication v
Contributors vii
Series Preface ix
Preface to the First Edition x
Preface xi
Acknowledgment xiii
Table Of Contents xv
Pattern-Based Approach to Diagnosis xvii
Pattern 1 Spindle Cell xviii
Pattern 2 Epithelioid xxiii
Pattern 3 Pleomorphic xxvi
Pattern 4 Round Cell xxviii
Pattern 5 Biphasic or Mixed xxx
Pattern 6 Myxoid xxxii
1 Introduction: Tumor Classification and Immunohistochemistry 1
Tumor Classification 1
Immunohistochemistry 1
Intermediate Filament Proteins 2
Other Myogenic Markers 3
Endothelial Markers 3
Schwannian Markers 4
Other Diagnostic Markers 4
Protein Correlates of Genetic Alterations 4
Novel Markers Discovered by Gene Expression Profiling 5
References 6
2 Biologic Potential, Grading, Staging, and Reporting of Sarcomas 9
Biologic Potential 9
Sarcoma Grading 9
Sarcoma Staging 12
Surgical Margins 13
References 14
3 Spindle Cell Tumors of Adults 15
General Concepts 16
Approach to the Diagnosis of Spindle Cell Tumors of Soft Tissue 16
Frequency 17
Clinical Context 17
Histologic Parameters 17
Ancillary Techniques 18
Nonmesenchymal Neoplasms With Spindle Cell Cytomorphology 18
Spindle Cell Carcinoma 18
Spindle Cell Melanoma and Variants 18
Malignant Mesothelioma 19
Nodular Fasciitis and Similar Pseudosarcomatous Myofibroblastic Lesions 20
Nodular Fasciitis 20
Clinical Features 20
Pathologic Features 20
Immunohistochemistry 25
Molecular Genetics 25
Differential Diagnosis 25
Prognosis and Treatment 25
Pseudosarcomatous Myofibroblastic Proliferation 25
Clinical Features 26
Pathologic Features 26
Immunohistochemistry 26
Molecular Genetics 26
Differential Diagnosis 26
Prognosis and Treatment 27
Mycobacterial Spindle Cell Pseudotumor 27
Myofibroma and Myopericytoma 27
Clinical Features 27
Pathologic Features 27
Immunohistochemistry 29
Molecular Genetics 29
Differential Diagnosis 29
Prognosis and Treatment 29
Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor 30
Clinical Features 30
Pathologic Features 30
Immunohistochemistry 30
Molecular Genetics 30
Differential Diagnosis 31
Prognosis and Treatment 31
Myofibroblastoma and Variants 31
Mammary-Type Myofibroblastoma 31
Intranodal Palisaded Myofibroblastoma 32
Fibroma 33
Fibroma of Tendon Sheath 33
Clinical Features 33
Pathologic Features 33
Immunohistochemistry 33
Molecular Genetics 33
Differential Diagnosis 33
Prognosis and Treatment 34
Desmoplastic Fibroblastoma (Collagenous Fibroma) 34
Clinical Features 34
Pathologic Features 34
Immunohistochemistry 34
Molecular Genetics 34
Differential Diagnosis 34
Prognosis and Treatment 35
Nuchal-Type Fibroma 35
Clinical Features 35
Pathologic Features 35
Immunohistochemistry 36
Differential Diagnosis 36
Prognosis and Treatment 36
Elastofibroma 36
Clinical Features 36
Pathologic Features 36
Immunohistochemistry 37
Differential Diagnosis 37
Prognosis and Treatment 37
Calcifying Fibrous Tumor 37
Angiofibroma of Soft Tissue 37
Clinical Features 37
Pathologic Features 37
Immunohistochemistry 38
Molecular Genetics 38
Differential Diagnosis 38
4 Pediatric Spindle Cell Tumors 101
Fibroblastic-Myofibroblastic Tumors 101
Benign Tumors That Mimic Sarcomas 102
Nodular Fasciitis 102
Clinical Features 102
Pathologic Features 102
Immunohistochemistry 102
Molecular Genetics 103
Differential Diagnosis 103
Prognosis and Treatment 103
Cranial Fasciitis 103
5 Tumors With Myxoid Stroma 135
Ganglion Cyst 135
Clinical Features 135
Pathologic Features 136
Differential Diagnosis 136
Prognosis and Treatment 137
Intramuscular/Cellular Myxoma 137
Clinical Features 137
Pathologic Features 137
Immunohistochemistry 137
Molecular Genetics 137
Differential Diagnosis 137
Prognosis and Treatment 138
Juxtaarticular Myxoma 138
Clinical Features 138
Pathologic Features 138
Immunohistochemistry 138
Molecular Genetics 138
Differential Diagnosis 138
Prognosis and Treatment 139
Dermal Nerve Sheath Myxoma 139
Clinical Features 139
Pathologic Features 139
6 Epithelioid and Epithelial-Like Tumors 165
Approach to the Diagnosis of Epithelioid Tumors of Soft Tissue 165
Clinical Presentation 165
Microscopic Examination 167
Immunohistochemistry 168
Cytogenetics 168
Epithelioid Hemangioma 168
Clinical Features 168
Pathologic Features 169
Immunohistochemistry 170
Molecular Genetics 170
Differential Diagnosis 170
Prognosis and Treatment 171
Glomus Tumor 171
Clinical Features 171
Pathologic Features 171
Immunohistochemistry 172
Molecular Genetics 173
Differential Diagnosis 173
Prognosis and Treatment 173
Myoepithelioma/Mixed Tumor/Myoepithelial Carcinoma of Soft Tissue 173
Clinical Features 174
Pathologic Features 174
Immunohistochemistry 174
Molecular Genetics 176
Differential Diagnosis 176
Prognosis and Treatment 177
PEComa of Soft Tissue 177
Clinical Features 177
7 Pleomorphic Sarcomas 209
Atypical Fibroxanthoma 210
Clinical Features 210
Pathologic Features 210
Immunohistochemistry 210
Molecular Genetics 212
Differential Diagnosis 212
Prognosis and Treatment 212
Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma 212
Clinical Features 213
Pathologic Features 213
Immunohistochemistry 213
Molecular Genetics 214
Differential Diagnosis 214
Prognosis and Treatment 214
Pleomorphic Hyalinizing Angiectatic Tumor 216
Clinical Features 216
Pathologic Features 216
Immunohistochemistry 216
Molecular Genetics 216
Differential Diagnosis 217
Prognosis and Treatment 217
Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma 217
8 Round Cell Tumors 233
The Role of Immunohistochemistry and Molecular Genetics 233
How Should Small Round Cell Sarcoma Samples Be Handled? 234
Should Molecular Techniques to Detect Translocations Always Be Performed? 234
Ewing Sarcoma 235
Clinical Features 236
Pathologic Features 236
Immunohistochemistry 237
Molecular Genetics 238
Differential Diagnosis 238
Prognosis and Treatment 239
Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma 239
Clinical Features 239
Pathologic Features 240
Immunohistochemistry 240
Molecular Genetics 241
Differential Diagnosis 242
Prognosis and Treatment 242
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma 242
Clinical Features 242
Pathologic Features 242
Immunohistochemistry 243
Molecular Genetics 243
Differential Diagnosis 243
Prognosis and Treatment 243
“Round Cell” Liposarcoma 243
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor 243
Clinical Features 243
9 Biphasic Tumors and Tumors With Mixed Patterns 249
Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma 249
Clinical Features 249
Pathologic Features 249
Immunohistochemistry 250
Molecular Genetics 250
Differential Diagnosis 251
Prognosis and Treatment 252
Mixed Tumor/Myoepithelioma/ Myoepithelial Carcinoma 252
Clinical Features 252
Pathologic Features 252
Immunohistochemistry 252
Molecular Genetics 252
Differential Diagnosis 253
Prognosis and Treatment 254
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor With Divergent (Heterologous) Differentiation (Including Glandular Type) 254
Clinical Features 254
Pathologic Features 254
Immunohistochemistry 255
Molecular Genetics 255
Differential Diagnosis 255
Prognosis and Treatment 256
Ectopic Hamartomatous Thymoma 256
Clinical Features 256
Pathologic Features 256
Immunohistochemistry 257
Differential Diagnosis 257
Prognosis and Treatment 257
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor, Mixed Type 258
Clinical Features 258
Pathologic Features 258
Immunohistochemistry 258
Molecular Genetics 258
10 Soft Tissue Tumors With Prominent Inflammatory Cells 269
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor 269
Clinical Features 269
Pathologic Features 270
Immunohistochemistry 270
Molecular Genetics 270
Differential Diagnosis 270
Prognosis and Treatment 273
Inflammatory Leiomyosarcoma 273
Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Tumors 273
Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma 274
Clinical Features 274
Pathologic Features 274
Immunohistochemistry 275
Molecular Genetics 275
Differential Diagnosis 275
Prognosis and Treatment 277
Fibroblastic Reticular Cell Sarcoma 277
Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Sarcoma 277
Clinical Features 277
Pathologic Features 277
Immunohistochemistry 279
Differential Diagnosis 280
Prognosis and Treatment 280
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis and Langerhans Cell Sarcoma 280
Clinical Features 280
Pathologic Features 280
Immunohistochemistry 280
Molecular Genetics 281
Differential Diagnosis 281
Prognosis and Treatment 281
Indeterminate Cell Histiocytosis 282
Extranodal Rosai-Dorfman Disease 283
Histiocytic Sarcoma 283
Clinical Features 284
Pathologic Features 284
Immunohistochemistry 284
Molecular Genetics 284
Differential Diagnosis 284
Prognosis and Treatment 285
Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma 285
Clinical Features 285
Pathologic Features 285
Immunohistochemistry 285
Molecular Genetics 285
Differential Diagnosis 285
Prognosis and Treatment 286
Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma 286
Well-Differentiated Inflammatory Liposarcoma 286
Inflammatory Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma 288
Mass-Forming Idiopathic Fibroinflammatory Disorders 289
Sclerosing Mesenteritis 289
Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis 289
Immunoglobulin G4–Related Disease 290
References 293
11 Giant Cell–Rich Tumors 297
Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors 298
Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath (Localized-Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor) 298
Clinical Features 298
Pathologic Features 298
Immunohistochemistry 298
Molecular Genetics 299
Differential Diagnosis 300
Prognosis and Treatment 300
Diffuse-Type (Tenosynovial) Giant Cell Tumor 301
Clinical Features 301
Pathologic Features 301
Immunohistochemistry 302
12 Adipocytic Tumors 311
Lipoma 312
Clinical Features 312
Pathologic Features 312
Immunohistochemistry 312
Molecular Genetics 312
Differential Diagnosis 312
Prognosis and Treatment 313
Lipofibromatosis 313
Clinical Features 313
13 Vascular Tumors 341
Immunohistochemistry 341
Classification of Vascular Tumors 342
Vasoformative Pattern 344
Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia (Masson Tumor) 344
Clinical Features 344
Pathologic Features 344
Differential Diagnosis 344
14 Cartilaginous and Osseous Soft Tissue Lesions 391
Myositis Ossificans and Heterotopic Ossification 391
Clinical Features 391
15 Cutaneous Mesenchymal Tumors 403
Spindle Cell Tumors 405
Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma (Dermatofibroma) and Variants 405
Clinical Features 405
Pathologic Features 407
Immunohistochemistry 409
Differential Diagnosis 409
Prognosis and Treatment 410
Cellular Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma 410
Aneurysmal Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma 411
Atypical (Pseudosarcomatous) Fibrous Histiocytoma 411
Dermatomyofibroma 412
16 Mesenchymal Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract 459
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor 460
Clinical Features 460
Pathologic Features 461
Immunohistochemistry 465
Molecular Genetics 466
Differential Diagnosis 468
Prognosis and Treatment 469
Leiomyoma 471
Clinical Features 471
Pathologic Features 472
Immunohistochemistry 472
Molecular Genetics 472
17 Lower Genital Soft Tissue Tumors 499
General Approach to Soft Tissue Lesions of the Lower Genital Tract 499
Deep (Aggressive) Angiomyxoma 499
Clinical Features 499
Pathologic Features 499
Immunohistochemistry 500
Molecular Genetics 500
Differential Diagnosis 500
Prognosis and Treatment 500
Fibroepithelial Stromal Polyp 501
Clinical Features 501
Pathologic Features 501
Immunohistochemistry 501
Differential Diagnosis 501
Prognosis and Treatment 502
Angiomyofibroblastoma 502
Clinical Features 502
Pathologic Features 502
Immunohistochemistry 502
Molecular Genetics 502
Differential Diagnosis 503
Prognosis and Treatment 504
Cellular Angiofibroma 504
Clinical Features 504
Pathologic Features 504
Immunohistochemistry 504
Molecular Genetics 504
Differential Diagnosis 504
18 Applications of Molecular Testing to Differential Diagnosis 513
Keywords 513
Genetic Classification of Sarcomas 513
Approaches to Molecular Diagnostics 514
The Paradigm of Ewing Sarcoma 514
Techniques 518
Chromosomal Karyotype 518
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization 519
Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction 519
Next-Generation Sequencing Molecular Assays. 523
Molecular Features of Particular Entities 524
Soft Tissue Sarcomas With Complex Cytogenetic Features 525
Soft Tissue Sarcomas With Simple Cytogenetic Features 525
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma 525
Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma 526
Angiosarcoma 526
Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma (Dermatofibroma) 526
Biphenotypic Sinonasal Sarcoma 526
Clear Cell Sarcoma 526
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans 529
Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis 530
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor 531
Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma 533
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma 533
Ewing Sarcoma 533
Ewing-Like Tumors With Alternative Fusion Transcripts 533
Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma 533
Glomus Tumors 534
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor 534
Infantile Fibrosarcoma 535
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor 536
Leiomyoma 536
Lipoma Variants (Benign Adipocytic Tumors) 539
Conventional Lipoma. 539
Other Lipoma Variants. 539
Liposarcoma 540
Myxoid Liposarcoma. 540
Well-Differentiated and Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma. 540
Lipofibromatosis-Like Neural Tumors 540
Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma 540
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma 541
Myoepithelial Tumors of Soft Tissue 541
Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma and Hemosiderotic Fibrolipomatous Tumor 542
Myxomas 542
Neurofibroma 542
Nodular Fasciitis 542
Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor 543
Pericytoma With t(7;12) 543
Pseudomyogenic Hemangioendothelioma 543
Rhabdomyosarcoma 543
Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma 544
Schwannoma 544
Synovial Sarcoma 544
Solitary Fibrous Tumor 544
Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor 544
Practical Applications of Molecular Diagnostic Testing 545
Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor Versus Ewing Sarcoma 545
Clear Cell Sarcoma Versus Metastatic Melanoma 545
Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma With Myxoid Stroma Versus Myxoid Liposarcoma 546
Solid Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Versus Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma 547
Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma Versus Soft Tissue Myoepithelioma/Myoepithelial Carcinoma 547
Small Cell (Poorly Differentiated) Synovial Sarcoma Versus Ewing Sarcoma 548
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor With Unusual Features 548
Significance of Detecting an EWSR1 Gene Rearrangement by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization 549
Conclusions 549
References 551
Index 557
A 557
B 559
C 559
D 561
E 563
F 564
G 566
H 568
I 569
J 570
K 570
L 570
M 572
N 575
O 576
P 576
R 578
S 579
T 583
U 583
V 583
W 584
X 584
Inside Back Cover ibc1