BOOK
Nursing Key Topics Review: Pharmacology - E-Book
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Study efficiently with Nursing Key Topics Review: Pharmacology. This quick review and accompanying mobile web app focus on the most critical, practical, and relevant pharmacology information to prepare you for success on course exams. Concise coverage includes chapters on respiratory drugs, central nervous system depressants, endocrine medications, women’s and men’s health drugs, and much more! Summary tables and quick, bulleted lists make it easier to glance through and remember concepts. Mobile web app audio summaries reinforce content when you are on the go. Best of all, it’s easy to assess your understanding as you go along — because key topics are always immediately followed by review questions with correct answers and rationales.
- Emphasis on critical, practical, and relevant information helps you study and learn pharmacology in the most time-efficient way possible.
- Audio summaries on a mobile web app make it easy to review anytime, anywhere.
- NCLEX® exam-style review questions include answers and rationales, allowing you to assess your understanding and retention of the material.
- Mnemonics included to help you retain key information.
- Bulleted lists let you see key content at a glance, allowing for quick comprehension.
- Summary tables and illustrations make learning and review easier.
- Quick-access format reflects what you want — quality content sprinkled with review questions.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front cover | Cover | ||
| Front matter | i | ||
| Nursing key topics review | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| Reviewers | iii | ||
| Preface | iv | ||
| 1 Pharmacologic principles | 1 | ||
| Medication administration | 1 | ||
| Definitions of terms | 1 | ||
| Factors influencing dosage and response | 2 | ||
| Drug factors | 2 | ||
| Patient factors | 2 | ||
| Application and review | 3 | ||
| Patterns of health care | 4 | ||
| Cultural considerations | 4 | ||
| Nursing responsibilities related to medication administration | 4 | ||
| Application and review | 4 | ||
| Answer key: Review questions | 8 | ||
| 2 Analgesic drugs, muscle relaxants, and local anesthetics | 12 | ||
| Pain | 12 | ||
| Overview | 12 | ||
| Types | 12 | ||
| By duration | 12 | ||
| By origin/mechanism | 12 | ||
| Terminology | 12 | ||
| Review of physiology | 12 | ||
| Treatment of pain | 13 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic pain management strategies | 13 | ||
| Pharmacologic pain management | 14 | ||
| Application and review | 16 | ||
| Nonopioid analgesics | 16 | ||
| Acetaminophen | 16 | ||
| 3 Central nervous system depressants | 36 | ||
| Introduction to sleep disorders | 36 | ||
| Basic information | 36 | ||
| Etiologic factors | 36 | ||
| Types of sleep disorders | 36 | ||
| Primary | 36 | ||
| Secondary | 37 | ||
| Behavioral/clinical findings | 37 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 37 | ||
| General nursing care of clients with sleep disorders | 38 | ||
| Application and review | 38 | ||
| Sedative and hypnotic agents | 39 | ||
| Overview | 39 | ||
| Types | 40 | ||
| Precautions | 40 | ||
| Barbiturates | 40 | ||
| Mode of action | 41 | ||
| 4 Antiepileptic drugs | 52 | ||
| Introduction to epilepsy | 52 | ||
| Etiology and pathophysiology | 52 | ||
| Clinical findings (tonic-clonic seizures) | 52 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 52 | ||
| Application and review | 53 | ||
| Antiepileptic agents | 54 | ||
| Barbiturates | 54 | ||
| Mode of action | 54 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 54 | ||
| Nursing care | 55 | ||
| Hydantoins | 55 | ||
| Mode of action | 55 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 56 | ||
| Nursing care | 56 | ||
| Application and review | 56 | ||
| Iminostilbenes | 57 | ||
| Mode of action | 58 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 58 | ||
| Nursing care | 59 | ||
| Application and review | 59 | ||
| Other antiepileptic agents | 59 | ||
| Mode of action | 60 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 62 | ||
| Nursing care | 62 | ||
| Application and review | 62 | ||
| Answer key: Review questions | 63 | ||
| 5 Psychotherapeutic drugs | 67 | ||
| Introduction to mental health disorders | 67 | ||
| Affective disorders | 67 | ||
| Overview of anxiety | 67 | ||
| Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) | 68 | ||
| Overview of bipolar disorder | 69 | ||
| Depressive episode of bipolar disorder | 70 | ||
| Manic episode of bipolar disorder | 70 | ||
| Major depressive disorder (MDD) | 71 | ||
| Psychotic disorders | 71 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 71 | ||
| Delusional/paranoia disorders | 73 | ||
| Schizoaffective disorder | 74 | ||
| 6 Adrenergic and adrenergic blocking drugs | 103 | ||
| Introduction to adrenergic & adrenergic blocking drugs | 103 | ||
| Adrenal glands | 103 | ||
| Adrenal hormones | 103 | ||
| Autonomic nervous system | 103 | ||
| Adrenergic drugs | 104 | ||
| Application and review | 106 | ||
| Application and review | 108 | ||
| Inhibitors of catecholamine metabolism | 109 | ||
| Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) | 109 | ||
| Mode of action | 109 | ||
| Adverse/side effects and nursing care | 109 | ||
| Selected receptor agonists | 109 | ||
| Mode of action | 110 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 112 | ||
| Nursing care | 112 | ||
| Selected receptor antagonists | 112 | ||
| Mode of action | 113 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 115 | ||
| Nursing care | 116 | ||
| Application and review | 116 | ||
| Answer key: Review questions | 116 | ||
| 7 Cholinergic and cholinergic-blocking drugs | 121 | ||
| Introduction to cholinergic and cholinergic-blocking drugs | 121 | ||
| Central nervous system (CNS) | 121 | ||
| Peripheral nervous system (PNS) | 121 | ||
| Autonomic nervous system (see chapter 6) | 121 | ||
| Acetylcholine | 121 | ||
| Major disorders of parasympathetic nervous system | 121 | ||
| Cholinergic drugs | 122 | ||
| Cholinergic agonists | 123 | ||
| Mode of action | 123 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 123 | ||
| Nursing care | 123 | ||
| Cholinergic antagonists | 124 | ||
| Mode of action | 124 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 124 | ||
| Nursing care | 124 | ||
| Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors | 125 | ||
| Treatment of myasthenia gravis | 125 | ||
| Mode of action | 125 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 125 | ||
| Nursing care | 126 | ||
| Application and review | 126 | ||
| Treatment of mild to moderate dementia | 127 | ||
| Mode of action | 127 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 127 | ||
| Nursing care | 128 | ||
| Answer key: Review questions | 128 | ||
| 8 Antihypertensive drugs and diuretic | 130 | ||
| Overview of hypertension (fig. 8.1) | 130 | ||
| Overview of heart failure | 132 | ||
| Clinical findings | 132 | ||
| Diagnostic tests | 132 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 133 | ||
| Assessment/analysis | 133 | ||
| Planning/implementation | 133 | ||
| Evaluation/outcomes | 133 | ||
| 9 Antianginal drugs | 156 | ||
| Introduction to coronary artery diseases (CAD) | 156 | ||
| Etiology and pathophysiology | 156 | ||
| Clinical findings | 157 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 158 | ||
| Application and review | 159 | ||
| Antianginal agents | 160 | ||
| Nitrates | 160 | ||
| Mode of action | 160 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 161 | ||
| Nursing care | 161 | ||
| Application and review | 161 | ||
| Beta blockers | 162 | ||
| Mode of action | 162 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 163 | ||
| Nursing care | 164 | ||
| Application and review | 164 | ||
| Calcium channel blockers (dihydropyridines) | 165 | ||
| Mode of action | 165 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 165 | ||
| Nursing care | 166 | ||
| Calcium channel blockers (non-dihydropyridines) | 167 | ||
| Mode of action | 167 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 167 | ||
| Nursing care | 167 | ||
| Application and review | 168 | ||
| Piperazineacetamides | 168 | ||
| Mode of action | 168 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 169 | ||
| Nursing care | 169 | ||
| Answer key: Review questions | 169 | ||
| 10 Antihyperlipidemic and antidysrhythmic drugs | 173 | ||
| Introduction to antihyperlipidemic and antidysrhythmic drugs | 173 | ||
| Overview of hyperlipidemia | 173 | ||
| Antihyperlipidemic drugs | 174 | ||
| Overview of dysrhythmia | 174 | ||
| Antidysrhythmic drugs | 176 | ||
| Bile acid sequestrants | 176 | ||
| Mode of action | 177 | ||
| Adverse/side effects | 177 | ||
| Nursing care | 177 | ||
| Application and review | 177 | ||
| Hmg-coa reductase inhibitors | 178 | ||
| Mode of action | 178 | ||
| 11 Drugs affecting the blood | 198 | ||
| Overview of the blood | 198 | ||
| Common disorders of the blood | 200 | ||
| Venous disorders | 200 | ||
| Anemias | 200 | ||
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) | 203 | ||
| Hemophilia | 203 | ||
| Overview of anticoagulants | 204 | ||
| Overview of blood transfusion | 204 | ||
| Application and review | 205 | ||
| Drugs used to treat blood disorders | 206 | ||
| Anticoagulants | 206 | ||
| Mode of action | 206 | ||
| 12 Antidiabetic drugs | 222 | ||
| Introduction to diabetes mellitus | 222 | ||
| Etiology and pathophysiology | 222 | ||
| Clinical findings | 223 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 224 | ||
| Application and review | 226 | ||
| Antidiabetic agents | 228 | ||
| Insulin | 228 | ||
| Mode of action | 228 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 230 | ||
| Nursing care | 230 | ||
| Application and review | 231 | ||
| Sulfonylureas | 231 | ||
| Mode of action | 231 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 233 | ||
| Nursing care | 233 | ||
| Other antidiabetic agents | 234 | ||
| Mode of action | 234 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 237 | ||
| Nursing care | 237 | ||
| Application and review | 237 | ||
| Answer key: Review questions | 237 | ||
| 13 Endocrine drugs | 243 | ||
| Review of the endocrine system | 243 | ||
| Structures of the endocrine system (fig. 13.1) | 243 | ||
| Pineal gland | 243 | ||
| Thymus gland | 243 | ||
| Pituitary gland | 243 | ||
| Thyroid gland | 245 | ||
| Parathyroid gland | 245 | ||
| Testes and ovaries | 245 | ||
| Adrenal glands | 245 | ||
| Pancreas | 246 | ||
| Growth hormone agonist | 246 | ||
| Hypopituitarism | 246 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 246 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 247 | ||
| Nursing care of clients with hypopituitarism | 247 | ||
| Assessment/analysis | 247 | ||
| Planning/implementation | 247 | ||
| Evaluation/outcomes | 247 | ||
| Growth hormone antagonists and somatostatin analogs | 248 | ||
| Hyperpituitarism | 248 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 248 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 249 | ||
| Nursing care of clients with hyperpituitarism | 249 | ||
| Assessment/analysis | 249 | ||
| Planning/implementation | 249 | ||
| Evaluation/outcomes | 250 | ||
| Antidiuretic hormone replacement | 250 | ||
| Diabetes insipidus | 250 | ||
| Types of diabetes insipidus | 250 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 250 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 251 | ||
| Nursing care of clients with diabetes insipidus | 251 | ||
| Assessment/analysis | 251 | ||
| Planning/implementation | 251 | ||
| Evaluation/outcomes | 252 | ||
| Antidiuretic hormone antagonist | 252 | ||
| Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) | 252 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 252 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 253 | ||
| Nursing care of clients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion | 253 | ||
| Assessment/analysis | 253 | ||
| Planning/implementation | 253 | ||
| Evaluation/outcomes | 253 | ||
| Oxytocin | 254 | ||
| Nursing care associated with oxytocics | 254 | ||
| Application and review | 255 | ||
| Thyroid hormones | 255 | ||
| Hypothyroidism | 255 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 256 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 256 | ||
| Nursing care of clients with hypothyroidism | 257 | ||
| Assessment/analysis | 257 | ||
| Planning/implementation | 257 | ||
| Evaluation/outcomes | 258 | ||
| Antithyroid agents | 258 | ||
| Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease, Thyrotoxicosis) | 258 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 258 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 259 | ||
| Nursing care of clients with hyperthyroidism | 260 | ||
| Assessment/analysis | 260 | ||
| Planning/implementation | 260 | ||
| Nursing care of patients receiving antithyroid medications | 261 | ||
| Evaluation/outcomes | 261 | ||
| Vitamin D analogues | 261 | ||
| Hypoparathyroidism | 261 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 261 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 262 | ||
| Nursing care of clients with hypoparathyroidism | 262 | ||
| Assessment/analysis | 262 | ||
| Planning/implementation | 262 | ||
| Evaluation/outcomes | 263 | ||
| Calcitonin and calcimimetics | 263 | ||
| Hyperparathyroidism | 263 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 263 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 264 | ||
| Nursing care of clients with hyperparathyroidism | 264 | ||
| Assessment/analysis | 264 | ||
| Planning/implementation | 264 | ||
| Evaluation/outcomes | 264 | ||
| Application and review | 264 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 265 | ||
| Aldosterone antagonist | 265 | ||
| Adrenal disorders: Primary aldosteronism (conn syndrome) | 265 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 265 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 266 | ||
| Nursing care of clients with primary aldosteronism | 266 | ||
| Assessment/analysis | 266 | ||
| Planning/implementation | 266 | ||
| Evaluation/outcomes | 267 | ||
| Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids | 267 | ||
| Addison disease (primary adrenal insufficiency) | 267 | ||
| Therapeutic interventions | 267 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 269 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 270 | ||
| Nursing care of clients with addison disease | 270 | ||
| Assessment/analysis | 270 | ||
| Planning/implementation | 270 | ||
| Evaluation/outcomes | 271 | ||
| Adrenal disorders: Cushing syndrome | 271 | ||
| Nursing care of clients with cushing syndrome | 272 | ||
| Adrenal disorders: Pheochromocytoma | 273 | ||
| Nursing care of clients with pheochromocytoma | 273 | ||
| Nursing care | 274 | ||
| Application and review | 274 | ||
| Answer key: Review questions | 274 | ||
| 14 Womens and mens health drugs | 280 | ||
| Introduction to reproductive system drugs | 280 | ||
| Female reproduction (fig. 14.1) | 280 | ||
| Ovaries: Female gonads | 280 | ||
| Fallopian tubes (oviducts) | 280 | ||
| Uterus | 280 | ||
| Vagina | 281 | ||
| Vulva (external genitalia) | 281 | ||
| Breasts (mammary glands) | 282 | ||
| Menstrual cycle | 282 | ||
| Pregnancy | 283 | ||
| Male reproduction | 284 | ||
| Glands | 284 | ||
| Ducts | 284 | ||
| Supporting structures | 284 | ||
| Reproductive system pathogens | 284 | ||
| Contraceptive methods | 285 | ||
| Major disorders of reproductive system | 286 | ||
| Perimenopause | 286 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 286 | ||
| Infertility/sterility | 287 | ||
| Low testosterone | 287 | ||
| Erectile dysfunction | 287 | ||
| Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) | 288 | ||
| Application and review | 288 | ||
| Women’s health drugs | 288 | ||
| Estrogen replacement agents | 288 | ||
| Mode of action | 288 | ||
| Adverse effects | 289 | ||
| 15 Respiratory drugs | 304 | ||
| Introduction to respiratory disorders | 304 | ||
| Structures and functions of the respiratory system | 304 | ||
| Physiology of respiration | 304 | ||
| Mechanism of breathing | 304 | ||
| Control of respiration | 305 | ||
| Amount of air exchanged in breathing | 305 | ||
| Diffusion of gases between air and blood | 305 | ||
| Normal breath sounds | 306 | ||
| Adventitious breath sounds (fig. 15.2) | 307 | ||
| Obstructive airway diseases | 308 | ||
| Asthma | 308 | ||
| Application and review | 309 | ||
| Upper respiratory tract agents | 310 | ||
| Antitussives | 310 | ||
| Mode of action | 310 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 311 | ||
| Nursing care | 311 | ||
| Decongestants | 311 | ||
| Adrenergic (sympathomimetic) decongestants | 311 | ||
| Mode of action | 311 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 312 | ||
| Nursing care | 312 | ||
| Anticholinergic decongestants | 313 | ||
| 16 Antiinfective drugs | 331 | ||
| Overview of immunity | 331 | ||
| Overview of infectious process | 332 | ||
| Types of pathogens | 333 | ||
| Antibiotics (table 16.1) | 335 | ||
| Antituberculars | 335 | ||
| Antifungals | 335 | ||
| Sulfonamides | 335 | ||
| Mode of action | 335 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 336 | ||
| Nursing care | 337 | ||
| Application and review | 337 | ||
| Penicillins | 337 | ||
| Mode of action | 337 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 339 | ||
| Nursing care | 339 | ||
| Application and review | 339 | ||
| Nitroimidazole antibiotics | 340 | ||
| Mode of action | 340 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 340 | ||
| Nursing care | 341 | ||
| Cephalosporins | 341 | ||
| Mode of action | 341 | ||
| 17 Antiviral drugs | 358 | ||
| Introduction to antiviral drugs | 358 | ||
| Virus replication | 358 | ||
| Major disorders | 358 | ||
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | 358 | ||
| Hepatitis B and C | 360 | ||
| Influenza A and B | 360 | ||
| Herpes | 360 | ||
| Cytomeglavirus | 360 | ||
| Antiviral agents | 362 | ||
| Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) | 362 | ||
| Mode of action | 362 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 363 | ||
| Nursing care | 364 | ||
| Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) | 364 | ||
| Mode of action | 364 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 365 | ||
| Nursing care | 365 | ||
| Protease inhibitors | 366 | ||
| Mode of action | 366 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 368 | ||
| Nursing care | 368 | ||
| Fusion inhibitors | 369 | ||
| Mode of action | 369 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 370 | ||
| Nursing care | 370 | ||
| Application and review | 370 | ||
| Ccr5-receptor antagonists | 370 | ||
| Integrase inhibitors | 370 | ||
| Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors | 373 | ||
| Interferons | 374 | ||
| Antiretroviral nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor | 375 | ||
| Nucleotide analog polymerase inhibitor | 376 | ||
| Virus proliferation inhibitors | 377 | ||
| Neuramidase inhibitors | 378 | ||
| Nucleoside analogs | 379 | ||
| Pyrophosphate analogs | 381 | ||
| Application and review | 382 | ||
| Answer key: Review questions | 382 | ||
| 18 Antineoplastic drugs | 385 | ||
| Introduction to antineoplastic drugs | 385 | ||
| Classification of neoplasms | 385 | ||
| Antineoplastic agents | 388 | ||
| Alkylating agents | 389 | ||
| Mode of action | 389 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 390 | ||
| Nursing care | 390 | ||
| Antimetabolites | 391 | ||
| Mode of action | 391 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 392 | ||
| Nursing care | 392 | ||
| Antineoplastic antibiotics | 392 | ||
| Mode of action | 392 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 394 | ||
| Nursing care | 394 | ||
| Mitotic inhibitors | 394 | ||
| Mode of action | 394 | ||
| 19 Immunomodulating and immunosuppressant drugs | 410 | ||
| Review of physiology (immunity) | 410 | ||
| Nonspecific immune response | 410 | ||
| Specific immune response | 410 | ||
| Types of immunity | 411 | ||
| Application and review | 411 | ||
| Selected disorders treated with immunomodulators | 413 | ||
| Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | 413 | ||
| Multiple sclerosis | 413 | ||
| Neoplastic disease | 413 | ||
| Immunomodulating drugs | 413 | ||
| Interleukin receptor agonists | 413 | ||
| Mode of action | 413 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 414 | ||
| Nursing care | 414 | ||
| Monoclonal antibodies for immunomodulation | 414 | ||
| Mode of action (fig. 19.1) | 415 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 415 | ||
| Nursing care | 416 | ||
| Interferons | 416 | ||
| Mode of action | 417 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 417 | ||
| Nursing care | 418 | ||
| Miscellaneous immunomodulators | 418 | ||
| Mode of action | 418 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 419 | ||
| Nursing care | 419 | ||
| Application and review | 419 | ||
| Immunosuppressant drugs | 420 | ||
| T-cell suppressors | 420 | ||
| Mode of action (fig. 19.2) | 420 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 423 | ||
| Nursing care | 423 | ||
| Interleukin receptor antagonists | 423 | ||
| 20 Gastrointestinal drugs | 430 | ||
| Introduction to gastrointestinal disorders | 430 | ||
| Structures and functions of the gastrointestinal system | 430 | ||
| Structures (fig. 20.1) | 430 | ||
| Functions | 430 | ||
| Sources of energy | 431 | ||
| Types of diets | 432 | ||
| Review of microorganisms | 433 | ||
| Major disorders of the gastrointestinal system | 434 | ||
| Acid controlling agents | 435 | ||
| Systemic antibiotics | 435 | ||
| Mode of action | 435 | ||
| Adverse effects/side effects | 436 | ||
| Nursing care | 436 | ||
| Histamine₂2-receptor antagonists | 436 | ||
| Mode of action | 436 | ||
| Index | 461 | ||
| A | 461 | ||
| B | 465 | ||
| C | 466 | ||
| D | 468 | ||
| E | 470 | ||
| F | 471 | ||
| G | 471 | ||
| H | 472 | ||
| I | 474 | ||
| J | 475 | ||
| K | 475 | ||
| L | 475 | ||
| M | 476 | ||
| N | 478 | ||
| O | 479 | ||
| P | 480 | ||
| Q | 482 | ||
| R | 482 | ||
| S | 483 | ||
| T | 484 | ||
| U | 486 | ||
| V | 486 | ||
| W | 486 | ||
| X | 486 | ||
| Y | 486 | ||
| Z | 486 | ||
| Bibliography | 459 |