BOOK
Interventional Heart Failure, An Issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, E-Book
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Srihari S. Naidu, will discuss Interventional techniques for Heart Failure. Subjects covered in the articles include, but are not limited to: Invasive Hemodynamics of Myocardial Disease: Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction; Invasive Hemodynamics of Pericardial Disease: Constriction and Tamponade; Invasive Hemodynamics of Pulmonary Disease and the Right Ventricle; TAVR and MitraClip to Reverse Heart Failure; Mechanical Circulatory Support in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Shock; Adult Congenital Interventions in Heart Failure; Future Directions in Device Treatment of Heart Failure; and Prioritizing and Combining Interventional Therapies for Heart Failure, among others.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY CLINICS | i | ||
| Copyright | ii | ||
| CONTRIBUTORS | iii | ||
| EDITOR-IN-CHIEF | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| CONTENTS | vii | ||
| Preface: Operationalizing Interventional Heart Failure: Adding Substance to the Concept\r | vii | ||
| I - Hemodynamics of Heart Failure Disease States | vii | ||
| Invasive Hemodynamics of Myocardial Disease: Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction (and Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopath ...\r | vii | ||
| Invasive Hemodynamics of Pericardial Disease\r | vii | ||
| Invasive Hemodynamics of Valvular Heart Disease\r | vii | ||
| Invasive Hemodynamics of Pulmonary Disease and the Right Ventricle\r | viii | ||
| Invasive Hemodynamics of Adult Congenital Heart Disease: From Shunts to Coarctation\r | viii | ||
| Hemodynamics of Cardiogenic Shock359 | viii | ||
| II - Interventional Treatments to Improve/Reverse Heart Failure | viii | ||
| Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and MitraClip to Reverse Heart Failure\r | viii | ||
| Mechanical Circulatory Support in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Shock\r | ix | ||
| Multivessel Revascularization in Shock and High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention\r | ix | ||
| Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure\r | ix | ||
| Adult Congenital Interventions in Heart Failure\r | ix | ||
| Alcohol Septal Ablation to Reduce Heart Failure\r | ix | ||
| Renal Denervation to Modify Hypertension and the Heart Failure State\r | x | ||
| III - Interventional Heart Failure\r | x | ||
| Prioritizing and Combining Therapies for Heart Failure in the Era of Mechanical Support Devices\r | x | ||
| Integrating Interventional Cardiology and Heart Failure Management for Cardiogenic Shock\r | x | ||
| INTERVENTIONAL HEART FAILURE\r | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| PREFACE\r | xiii | ||
| Operationalizing Interventional Heart Failure: Adding Substance to the Concept | xiii | ||
| Invasive Hemodynamics of Myocardial Disease | 297 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 297 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 297 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF CARDIAC CONTRACTILITY | 297 | ||
| THE PRESSURE-VOLUME LOOP AND LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION | 298 | ||
| CONTRACTILITY, MYOCARDIAL WORK, AND CARDIAC POWER OUTPUT | 298 | ||
| DIASTOLE | 301 | ||
| PRELOAD | 302 | ||
| AFTERLOAD | 302 | ||
| RIGHT HEART DYSFUNCTION | 302 | ||
| HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION | 302 | ||
| HEMODYNAMIC PRESSURE WAVEFORM EXAMPLES OF MYOCARDIAL DYSFUNCTION | 303 | ||
| Pulsus Alternans | 303 | ||
| HYPERTROPHIC OBSTRUCTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY | 304 | ||
| SUMMARY | 306 | ||
| REFERENCES | 306 | ||
| Invasive Hemodynamics of Pericardial Disease | 309 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 309 | ||
| Approach to Patients | 309 | ||
| CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS | 310 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 310 | ||
| Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment | 311 | ||
| CARDIAC TAMPONADE | 313 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 313 | ||
| INVASIVE HEMODYNAMICS | 315 | ||
| REFERENCES | 317 | ||
| Invasive Hemodynamics of Valvular Heart Disease | 319 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 319 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 319 | ||
| General Principles of Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment of Valvular Heart Disease | 319 | ||
| Valvular stenosis | 319 | ||
| AORTIC STENOSIS | 320 | ||
| Indication | 320 | ||
| Technique | 320 | ||
| Hemodynamic findings and interpretation | 321 | ||
| Challenges in hemodynamic assessment | 321 | ||
| Carabello sign | 321 | ||
| Aortic pressure | 322 | ||
| Low gradient aortic stenosis | 322 | ||
| MITRAL STENOSIS | 322 | ||
| Indication | 322 | ||
| Technique | 323 | ||
| Hemodynamic Findings and Interpretation | 323 | ||
| Pitfalls | 323 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 323 | ||
| Wedge pressure versus left atrial pressure measurement | 323 | ||
| Limitations of the Gorlin formula | 323 | ||
| Valvular Regurgitation | 324 | ||
| MITRAL REGURGITATION | 325 | ||
| Indication | 325 | ||
| Technique | 325 | ||
| Hemodynamic Findings and Interpretation | 325 | ||
| Pitfalls | 326 | ||
| AORTIC REGURGITATION | 326 | ||
| Indication | 326 | ||
| Technique | 326 | ||
| Hemodynamic Findings and Interpretation | 326 | ||
| SUMMARY | 327 | ||
| REFERENCES | 327 | ||
| Invasive Hemodynamics of Pulmonary Disease and the Right Ventricle | 329 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 329 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 329 | ||
| HISTORY OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION AND THE RIGHT VENTRICLE | 329 | ||
| ANATOMY OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE AND PULMONARY CIRCULATION | 330 | ||
| PULMONARY HYPERTENSION | 331 | ||
| RIGHT HEART CATHETERIZATION | 333 | ||
| EXPECTED RIGHT HEART CATHETERIZATION FINDINGS BASED ON PULMONARY HYPERTENSION GROUP | 335 | ||
| PRESSURE–VOLUME LOOPS AND HEMODYNAMICS SEEN IN PULMONARY HYPERTENSION ON THE RIGHT VENTRICLE | 336 | ||
| TOOLS USED TO ASSESS RIGHT VENTRICULAR AND LEFT VENTRICULAR PRESSURE–VOLUME LOOPS | 339 | ||
| REVERSIBILITY STUDY IN PULMONARY HYPERTENSION | 340 | ||
| SUMMARY | 341 | ||
| REFERENCES | 341 | ||
| Invasive Hemodynamics of Adult Congenital Heart Disease | 345 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 345 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 345 | ||
| BIVENTRICULAR CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE | 346 | ||
| Shunting Lesions | 346 | ||
| Atrial septal defects | 347 | ||
| Ventricular septal defects | 347 | ||
| Patent ductus arteriosus | 347 | ||
| Repaired Congenital Heart Disease | 347 | ||
| D-transposition of the great arteries | 347 | ||
| Tetralogy of Fallot and truncus arteriosus | 349 | ||
| Left-Sided Obstructive Lesions | 349 | ||
| Mitral stenosis | 349 | ||
| Valvar aortic stenosis | 349 | ||
| Valve area | 350 | ||
| Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction | 350 | ||
| Supravalvar aortic stenosis | 350 | ||
| Coarctation of the aorta | 350 | ||
| UNIVENTRICULAR CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE | 350 | ||
| Partial/Shunt Palliated | 351 | ||
| Palliative pulmonary artery banding surgery | 351 | ||
| Systemic artery to pulmonary artery shunts | 351 | ||
| Superior (partial) cavopulmonary shunt | 352 | ||
| Fully Palliated (Fontan) | 352 | ||
| Patent Fontan fenestration | 354 | ||
| Fontan baffle leak | 354 | ||
| Venovenous collaterals | 355 | ||
| Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations | 355 | ||
| Aortopulmonary collaterals | 356 | ||
| SUMMARY | 357 | ||
| REFERENCES | 357 | ||
| Hemodynamics of Cardiogenic Shock | 359 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 359 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 359 | ||
| DEFINITIONS | 359 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 360 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION OF CARDIOGENIC SHOCK PATIENTS | 361 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND HEMODYNAMICS | 362 | ||
| Decreased Contractility | 362 | ||
| Autonomic Response to Decreased Contractility | 363 | ||
| Inflammatory Response | 364 | ||
| Remodeling | 364 | ||
| Right Ventricular Failure Involvement in Cardiogenic Shock | 365 | ||
| MECHANICAL COMPLICATIONS OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCT PRESENTING AS CARDIOGENIC SHOCK | 365 | ||
| RISK STRATIFICATION AND PROGNOSIS | 365 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOGENIC SHOCK | 366 | ||
| SUMMARY | 368 | ||
| REFERENCES | 369 | ||
| Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and MitraClip to Reverse Heart Failure | 373 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 373 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 373 | ||
| TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE | 373 | ||
| Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Heart Failure | 374 | ||
| Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Recovery After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Determinants | 376 | ||
| MITRACLIP IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE HEART FAILURE | 377 | ||
| MitraClip in Degenerative or Primary Mitral Regurgitation | 378 | ||
| MitraClip in Functional or Secondary Mitral Regurgitation | 380 | ||
| MitraClip Effect on Remodeling | 383 | ||
| SUMMARY | 384 | ||
| REFERENCES | 385 | ||
| Mechanical Circulatory Support in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure and Shock | 387 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 387 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 387 | ||
| INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON PUMP | 387 | ||
| Introduction and Components | 387 | ||
| Hemodynamic Effects | 387 | ||
| Technical Considerations and Contraindications | 389 | ||
| Management | 389 | ||
| Clinical Data and Guidelines for Intra-aortic Balloon Pump | 391 | ||
| LEFT ATRIAL TO AORTA ASSIST DEVICE: TANDEM HEART | 391 | ||
| Introduction and Components | 391 | ||
| Inflow and outflow cannulae | 392 | ||
| Centrifugal pump | 392 | ||
| Console | 392 | ||
| Hemodynamic Effects | 392 | ||
| Technical Considerations and Contraindications | 392 | ||
| Management | 393 | ||
| Clinical Data and Guidelines for TandemHeart | 394 | ||
| LEFT VENTRICULAR TO AORTA ASSIST DEVICES: IMPELLA | 394 | ||
| Introduction and Components | 394 | ||
| Hemodynamic Effects | 395 | ||
| Technical Considerations and Contraindications | 395 | ||
| Management | 395 | ||
| Position monitoring | 396 | ||
| Suction alarm | 396 | ||
| Hemolysis | 396 | ||
| Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia | 396 | ||
| Weaning | 396 | ||
| Clinical Data and Guidelines: Impella | 396 | ||
| Impella RP | 397 | ||
| EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION | 397 | ||
| Introduction and Components | 397 | ||
| Hemodynamic Effects | 399 | ||
| Technical Considerations and Contraindications | 399 | ||
| Management | 399 | ||
| CLINICAL DATA AND GUIDELINES: EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION | 400 | ||
| PERCUTANEOUS HEART PUMP | 400 | ||
| SUMMARY | 402 | ||
| REFERENCES | 404 | ||
| Multivessel Revascularization in Shock and High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention | 407 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 407 | ||
| MULTIVESSEL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND CARDIOGENIC SHOCK | 407 | ||
| CARDIOGENIC SHOCK | 408 | ||
| Patients with Multivessel Disease Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome | 408 | ||
| Patients with Multivessel Disease Presenting with Stable Coronary Artery Disease | 411 | ||
| SUMMARY | 414 | ||
| REFERENCES | 414 | ||
| Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Heart Failure | 417 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 417 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 417 | ||
| SEQUELAE OF CONDUCTION ABNORMALITIES AND DYSSYNCHRONY IN HEART FAILURE | 417 | ||
| FAVORABLE EFFECTS OF RESYNCHRONIZATION | 418 | ||
| PACING IN HEART FAILURE | 418 | ||
| OPTIMAL HEART FAILURE PATIENT SELECTION FOR RESYNCHRONIZATION | 418 | ||
| CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY IN HEART FAILURE WITH SPECIFIC CONDITIONS | 419 | ||
| Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Atrial Fibrillation | 419 | ||
| Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients Who are Pacemaker-Dependent | 419 | ||
| Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Mitral Regurgitation | 419 | ||
| Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Right Ventricular Dysfunction | 420 | ||
| OPTIMIZATION OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY | 420 | ||
| TIMING OF RESPONSE TO RESYNCHRONIZATION | 420 | ||
| PREDICTORS OF RESPONSE TO RESYNCHRONIZATION | 420 | ||
| DEFIBRILLATOR BENEFITS | 421 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY DEVICE | 421 | ||
| COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY DEVICE IN HEART FAILURE | 422 | ||
| CURRENT INDICATIONS OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY IN HEART FAILURE | 422 | ||
| Class I | 422 | ||
| Class IIa | 422 | ||
| Class IIb | 422 | ||
| Class III: Contraindications for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy | 422 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY IN HEART FAILURE | 423 | ||
| SUMMARY | 423 | ||
| REFERENCES | 423 | ||
| Adult Congenital Interventions in Heart Failure | 427 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 427 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 427 | ||
| PREPROCEDURAL ASSESSMENT | 428 | ||
| DEFECT-SPECIFIC CONDITIONS | 429 | ||
| Shunt Lesions | 429 | ||
| Atrial septal defects | 429 | ||
| Ventricular septal defect | 430 | ||
| Patent ductus arteriosus | 431 | ||
| Coronary artery fistula | 432 | ||
| Aortopulmonary collaterals | 434 | ||
| Congenital Valvular Defects | 434 | ||
| Pulmonary valve stenosis | 434 | ||
| Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation | 435 | ||
| Aortic stenosis | 436 | ||
| Obstructive Vascular Lesions | 437 | ||
| Coarctation of aorta | 437 | ||
| Branch pulmonary artery stenosis | 438 | ||
| Complex Congenital Heart Disease | 439 | ||
| D-transposition of the great vessels | 439 | ||
| Post-Fontan | 439 | ||
| Miscellaneous conditions | 440 | ||
| SUMMARY | 441 | ||
| REFERENCES | 441 | ||
| Alcohol Septal Ablation to Reduce Heart Failure | 445 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 445 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 445 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF HEART FAILURE IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY | 445 | ||
| Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction | 445 | ||
| Mitral Regurgitation | 446 | ||
| Diastolic Dysfunction | 446 | ||
| Systolic Dysfunction | 446 | ||
| Pulmonary hypertension | 446 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 446 | ||
| ALCOHOL SEPTAL ABLATION | 447 | ||
| History | 447 | ||
| EVIDENCE OF BENEFIT | 448 | ||
| Decrease of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction | 448 | ||
| Regression of Septal Hypertrophy | 449 | ||
| Improvement of Mitral Regurgitation | 449 | ||
| Improvement of Diastolic Dysfunction | 449 | ||
| Functional Status and Mortality | 450 | ||
| Longevity | 450 | ||
| SUMMARY | 451 | ||
| REFERENCES | 451 | ||
| Renal Denervation to Modify Hypertension and the Heart Failure State | 453 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 453 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 453 | ||
| RENAL DENERVATION AND RESISTANT HYPERTENSION | 453 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 454 | ||
| Renal Denervation in Experimental Animal Models of Resistant Hypertension | 454 | ||
| Surgical Renal Denervation | 454 | ||
| Catheter-Based Renal Denervation | 455 | ||
| RENAL DENERVATION AND HEART FAILURE | 456 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 456 | ||
| Renal Denervation in Experimental Animal Models of Heart Failure | 458 | ||
| Renal Denervation in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction | 458 | ||
| Renal Denervation in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction | 461 | ||
| SUMMARY | 461 | ||
| REFERENCES | 461 | ||
| Prioritizing and Combining Therapies for Heart Failure in the Era of Mechanical Support Devices | 465 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 465 | ||
| GOALS DETERMINE PRIORITIZATION AND INTERVENTIONAL STRATEGY | 465 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF HEMODYNAMIC STATUS AND MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA | 466 | ||
| Assessment of Myocardial Ischemia | 466 | ||
| Assessment of Hemodynamic Status | 466 | ||
| CARDIOGENIC SHOCK: A SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCE | 466 | ||
| Importance of Recognizing Preshock | 466 | ||
| OPTIONS FOR PERCUTANEOUS MECHANICAL SUPPORT | 466 | ||
| CLINICAL SCENARIOS ILLUSTRATING ISCHEMIC HEART FAILURE STRATEGIES | 467 | ||
| High-risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention | 467 | ||
| Prioritization Based on Hemodynamics and Acute Myocardial Ischemia | 467 | ||
| Elective percutaneous coronary intervention—hemodynamically stable | 467 | ||
| Hemodynamically unstable but non–acute coronary syndrome: sequenced or deferred percutaneous coronary interventions | 468 | ||
| Case illustration: high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention in ischemic cardiomyopathy | 468 | ||
| Initial stabilization | 468 | ||
| Supported high-risk complex percutaneous coronary intervention | 469 | ||
| Hemodynamic instability during acute coronary syndrome | 469 | ||
| Intervention sequencing and escalation | 470 | ||
| Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Pulmonary Congestion but Intact Blood Pressure and Perfusion | 470 | ||
| Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Pulmonary Congestion and Intact Blood Pressure but Clinical Hypoperfusion: Preshock | 470 | ||
| Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Cardiogenic Shock | 470 | ||
| Case illustration: acute anterior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, and cardiogenic shock | 471 | ||
| Case illustration: escalation of support in anterior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock | 472 | ||
| Valvular Heart Disease and Complex Heart Failure Syndromes | 473 | ||
| Case illustration: impella-supported aortic valvuloplasty and high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention | 473 | ||
| Valvular heart disease | 473 | ||
| Case illustration: severe mitral regurgitation and aortic stenosis | 474 | ||
| Decompensated left ventricular pump failure | 474 | ||
| Escalating therapies | 475 | ||
| Escalation step 1 | 475 | ||
| Escalation step 2 | 476 | ||
| Escalation step 3 | 476 | ||
| Right Heart Failure Syndromes | 477 | ||
| Acute right ventricular infarction | 477 | ||
| Prereperfusion therapies | 477 | ||
| Rhythm | 477 | ||
| Preload | 477 | ||
| Inotropes/vasopressors | 477 | ||
| Reperfusion therapy | 477 | ||
| Persistent hemodynamic compromise in acute right ventricular infarciton | 478 | ||
| Right ventricular shock due to acute pulmonary embolus | 478 | ||
| Acute right ventricular pump failure post–left ventricular assist device or cardiovascular surgery | 478 | ||
| Chronic right ventricular failure | 479 | ||
| REFERENCES | 479 | ||
| Integrating Interventional Cardiology and Heart Failure Management for Cardiogenic Shock | 481 | ||
| KEY POINTS | 481 | ||
| THE SPECTRUM OF ADVANCED HEART FAILURE AND CARDIOGENIC SHOCK | 481 | ||
| CHANGING OBJECTIVES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOGENIC SHOCK | 482 | ||
| MECHANICAL CIRCULATORY SUPPORT: INTERVENTIONAL TOOLS FOR COMPLEX HEART FAILURE AND SHOCK | 482 | ||
| THE HEART TEAM: AN EVOLVING MULTISPECIALTY COLLABORATION | 483 | ||
| BEYOND SHOCK: THE EXPANDING ROLE OF INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY | 483 | ||
| INTERVENTIONAL HEART FAILURE TRAINING: IS THIS RIGHT FOR ME? | 484 | ||
| REFERENCES | 484 |