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Book Details
Abstract
Using an essentials approach, Radiographic Pathology for Technologists, 7th Edition concisely covers the injuries and abnormalities most frequently encountered in practice. This new edition has been updated to reflect the latest ACR appropriateness criteria and ASRT curriculum guidelines. It also features background discussions of key anatomy and physiology principles, along with imaging considerations for each disease categorized by type followed by a description of its radiographic appearance, signs and symptoms, and treatment.
- Essential level of coverage presents approximately 150 injuries and abnormalities most frequently diagnosed using medical imaging.
- Summary tables at the end of each chapter list pathologies covered and the preferred imaging modalities for diagnosis.
- Correlative and differential diagnosis discussions explain the diagnostic process and demonstrate the importance of high quality images.
- Chapter outlines and objectives, key terms, and multiple choice and discussion questions for each chapter with answers provided in the back of the text highlight the most important concepts within each chapter.
- NEW! Updated content reflects the latest ACR Appropriateness criteria and ASRT curriculum guidelines.
- NEW! Current digital radiography practices and images covered throughout text.
- NEW! Radiographic images illustrate gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and urinary pathologies
- NEW! Replacement images and illustrations reflect current practice for general radiography and alternative modalities, such as CT, MR, and fusion imaging to help you understand how pathologies are demonstrated.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| IFC | ES1 | ||
| RADIOGRAPHIC PATHOLOGY | i | ||
| RADIOGRAPHIC PATHOLOGY for TECHNOLOGISTS | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Reviewers | vi | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Learning Enhancements | vii | ||
| Using the Book | vii | ||
| Ancillaries | vii | ||
| Evolve Resources | vii | ||
| Acknowledgments | viii | ||
| Contents | ix | ||
| 1 - Introduction to Pathology | 1 | ||
| Introduction | 2 | ||
| Pathologic Terms | 2 | ||
| Monitoring Disease Trends | 3 | ||
| Health Care Resources | 5 | ||
| Human Genetic Technology | 7 | ||
| Altered Cellular Biology | 8 | ||
| Disease Classifications | 9 | ||
| Congenital and Hereditary Disease | 9 | ||
| Inflammatory Disease | 10 | ||
| Degenerative Disease | 12 | ||
| Metabolic Disease | 12 | ||
| Traumatic Disease | 12 | ||
| Neoplastic Disease | 12 | ||
| Staging and Grading Cancer | 15 | ||
| Summary | 15 | ||
| 2 - Skeletal System | 17 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 18 | ||
| Imaging Considerations | 20 | ||
| Radiography | 20 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 20 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 21 | ||
| Nuclear Medicine Procedures | 21 | ||
| Congenital and Hereditary Diseases | 22 | ||
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta | 22 | ||
| Achondroplasia | 23 | ||
| Osteopetrosis | 24 | ||
| Hand and Foot Malformations | 25 | ||
| Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip | 26 | ||
| Vertebral Anomalies | 26 | ||
| Cranial Anomalies | 27 | ||
| Inflammatory Diseases | 28 | ||
| Osteomyelitis | 28 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 30 | ||
| Arthropathies | 31 | ||
| Infectious Arthritis | 31 | ||
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | 31 | ||
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | 34 | ||
| Osteoarthritis | 35 | ||
| Gouty Arthritis | 36 | ||
| Inflammation of Associated Joint Structures | 36 | ||
| Vertebral Column | 38 | ||
| Neoplastic Diseases | 40 | ||
| Osteochondroma (Exostosis) | 41 | ||
| Osteoma | 42 | ||
| Endochondroma | 42 | ||
| Simple Unicameral Bone Cyst | 43 | ||
| Aneurysmal Bone Cyst | 43 | ||
| Osteoid Osteoma and Osteoblastoma | 44 | ||
| Giant Cell Tumor (Osteoclastoma) | 44 | ||
| Osteosarcoma (Osteogenic Sarcoma) | 46 | ||
| Ewing Sarcoma | 47 | ||
| Chondrosarcoma | 48 | ||
| Metastases from Other Sites | 48 | ||
| 3 - Respiratory System | 53 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 54 | ||
| Imaging Considerations | 55 | ||
| Radiography | 55 | ||
| Exposure Factor Conditions | 55 | ||
| Position and Projection | 55 | ||
| Chest Radiography | 55 | ||
| Soft Tissues of the Chest | 57 | ||
| Bony Structures of the Chest | 57 | ||
| Mediastinum | 59 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 61 | ||
| Nuclear Medicine Procedures | 63 | ||
| Chest Tubes, Vascular Access Lines, and Catheters | 64 | ||
| Respiratory Failure | 67 | ||
| Congenital and Hereditary Diseases | 68 | ||
| Cystic Fibrosis | 68 | ||
| Respiratory Distress Syndrome | 69 | ||
| Inflammatory Diseases | 69 | ||
| Pneumonias | 69 | ||
| Bronchiectasis | 72 | ||
| Pulmonary Tuberculosis | 73 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 74 | ||
| Pneumoconioses | 76 | ||
| Fungal Diseases | 77 | ||
| Lung Abscess | 78 | ||
| Pleurisy | 79 | ||
| Pleural Effusion | 79 | ||
| Sinusitis | 80 | ||
| Neoplastic Diseases | 81 | ||
| Bronchial Carcinoid Tumors | 81 | ||
| Bronchogenic Carcinoma | 82 | ||
| Metastases from Other Sites | 84 | ||
| 4 - Cardiovascular System | 87 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 88 | ||
| Heart | 88 | ||
| Cardiac Cycle | 90 | ||
| Circulatory Vessels | 90 | ||
| Imaging Considerations | 91 | ||
| Radiography | 91 | ||
| Echocardiography | 93 | ||
| Nuclear Cardiology | 95 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 96 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 97 | ||
| Angiography | 98 | ||
| Congenital and Hereditary Diseases | 103 | ||
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus | 104 | ||
| Coarctation of the Aorta | 105 | ||
| Septal Defects | 106 | ||
| Transposition of the Great Vessels | 106 | ||
| Tetralogy of Fallot | 107 | ||
| Valvular Disease | 108 | ||
| Congestive Heart Failure | 110 | ||
| Left-Sided Failure | 110 | ||
| Right-Sided Failure | 110 | ||
| Cor Pulmonale | 110 | ||
| Degenerative Diseases | 111 | ||
| Atherosclerosis | 111 | ||
| Coronary Artery Disease | 113 | ||
| Myocardial Infarction | 114 | ||
| Aneurysms | 115 | ||
| Venous Thrombosis | 118 | ||
| Pulmonary Emboli | 119 | ||
| 5 - Abdomen and Gastrointestinal System | 123 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 124 | ||
| Abdomen | 124 | ||
| Gastrointestinal System | 126 | ||
| Imaging Considerations | 128 | ||
| Radiography | 128 | ||
| Abdomen | 128 | ||
| Gastrointestinal System | 129 | ||
| Oropharynx | 130 | ||
| Esophagus | 131 | ||
| Stomach | 131 | ||
| Small Bowel | 132 | ||
| Large Bowel | 132 | ||
| Ostomies | 133 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 134 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 135 | ||
| Sonography | 136 | ||
| Nuclear Medicine Procedures | 136 | ||
| Endoscopic Procedures | 137 | ||
| Abdominal Tubes and Catheters | 140 | ||
| Congenital and Hereditary Anomalies | 141 | ||
| Esophageal Atresia | 141 | ||
| Bowel Atresia | 143 | ||
| Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis | 145 | ||
| Malrotation | 146 | ||
| Hirschsprung Disease (Congenital Aganglionic Megacolon) | 147 | ||
| Meckel’s Diverticulum | 148 | ||
| Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy | 149 | ||
| Carbohydrate Intolerance | 149 | ||
| Inflammatory Diseases | 150 | ||
| Esophageal Strictures | 150 | ||
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 151 | ||
| Peptic Ulcer | 152 | ||
| Gastroenteritis | 154 | ||
| Regional Enteritis (Crohn’s Disease) | 155 | ||
| Appendicitis | 158 | ||
| Ulcerative Colitis | 159 | ||
| Esophageal Varices | 161 | ||
| Degenerative Diseases | 162 | ||
| Herniation | 162 | ||
| Hiatal Hernia | 162 | ||
| Gastric Volvulus | 166 | ||
| Bowel Obstructions | 166 | ||
| Mechanical Bowel Obstruction | 167 | ||
| Paralytic Ileus | 170 | ||
| Neurogenic Diseases | 170 | ||
| Achalasia | 170 | ||
| Diverticular Diseases | 171 | ||
| Esophageal Diverticula | 171 | ||
| Small Bowel Diverticula | 172 | ||
| Colonic Diverticula | 173 | ||
| Neoplastic Diseases | 176 | ||
| Tumors of the Esophagus | 176 | ||
| Tumors of the Stomach | 177 | ||
| Small Bowel Neoplasms | 179 | ||
| Colonic Polyps | 179 | ||
| Colon Cancer | 180 | ||
| 6 - Hepatobiliary System | 185 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 186 | ||
| Liver | 186 | ||
| Biliary Tree | 186 | ||
| Gallbladder | 186 | ||
| Pancreas | 186 | ||
| Imaging Considerations | 188 | ||
| Radiography | 188 | ||
| Contrast Studies | 189 | ||
| Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography | 189 | ||
| Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatogram | 190 | ||
| Operative Cholangiography | 190 | ||
| T-Tube Cholangiography | 191 | ||
| Diagnostic Medical Sonography | 191 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 192 | ||
| Nuclear Medicine Procedures | 194 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 194 | ||
| Inflammatory Diseases | 196 | ||
| Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease | 196 | ||
| Fatty Liver Disease | 196 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 196 | ||
| Viral Hepatitis | 199 | ||
| Cholelithiasis | 200 | ||
| Cholecystitis | 202 | ||
| Pancreatitis | 202 | ||
| Jaundice | 203 | ||
| Neoplastic Diseases | 204 | ||
| Hepatocellular Adenoma | 204 | ||
| Hemangioma | 204 | ||
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hepatoma) | 205 | ||
| Metastatic Liver Disease | 205 | ||
| Carcinoma of the Gallbladder | 206 | ||
| Cholangiocarcinoma | 206 | ||
| Carcinoma of the Pancreas | 207 | ||
| 7 - Urinary System | 211 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 212 | ||
| Imaging Considerations | 214 | ||
| KUB Radiography | 215 | ||
| Intravenous Urography | 215 | ||
| Cystography | 218 | ||
| Retrograde Pyelography | 220 | ||
| Sonography | 223 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 223 | ||
| Renal Angiography | 224 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 224 | ||
| Interventional Procedures and Techniques | 225 | ||
| Urinary Tubes and Catheters | 226 | ||
| Congenital and Hereditary Diseases | 227 | ||
| Number and Size Anomalies of the Kidney | 229 | ||
| Fusion Anomalies of the Kidney | 230 | ||
| Position Anomalies of the Kidney | 231 | ||
| Renal Pelvis and Ureter Anomalies | 232 | ||
| Lower Urinary Tract Anomalies | 234 | ||
| Polycystic Kidney Disease | 235 | ||
| Medullary Sponge Kidney | 236 | ||
| Inflammatory Diseases | 237 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infection | 237 | ||
| Pyelonephritis | 237 | ||
| Acute Glomerulonephritis | 239 | ||
| Cystitis | 239 | ||
| Urinary System Calcifications | 240 | ||
| Degenerative Diseases | 242 | ||
| Nephrosclerosis | 242 | ||
| Renal Failure | 242 | ||
| Hydronephrosis | 244 | ||
| Neoplastic Diseases | 245 | ||
| Renal Cysts | 245 | ||
| Renal Cell Carcinoma | 246 | ||
| Nephroblastoma (Wilms Tumor) | 248 | ||
| Bladder Carcinoma | 249 | ||
| 8 - Central Nervous System | 255 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 256 | ||
| Imaging Considerations | 260 | ||
| Radiography | 260 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 260 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 263 | ||
| Sonography | 264 | ||
| Nuclear Medicine | 264 | ||
| Vascular and Interventional Radiology | 265 | ||
| Congenital and Hereditary Diseases | 266 | ||
| Meningomyelocele (Spina Bifida) | 266 | ||
| Hydrocephalus | 268 | ||
| Meningitis | 270 | ||
| Encephalitis | 271 | ||
| Brain Abscess | 271 | ||
| Degenerative Diseases | 273 | ||
| Degenerative Disk Disease and Herniated Nucleus Pulposus | 273 | ||
| Cervical Spondylosis | 273 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | 275 | ||
| Dementia | 276 | ||
| Vascular Diseases | 278 | ||
| Cerebrovascular Accident | 278 | ||
| Ischemic Strokes | 279 | ||
| Hemorrhagic Strokes | 281 | ||
| Neoplastic Diseases | 281 | ||
| Gliomas | 283 | ||
| Medulloblastoma | 285 | ||
| Meningioma | 287 | ||
| Pituitary Adenoma | 287 | ||
| Craniopharyngioma | 288 | ||
| Tumors of Central Nerve Sheath Cells | 290 | ||
| Metastases from Other Sites | 292 | ||
| Spinal Tumors | 292 | ||
| 9 - Hematopoietic System | 297 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 298 | ||
| Imaging Considerations | 301 | ||
| Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection | 302 | ||
| Congenital and Hereditary Diseases | 307 | ||
| Sickle Cell Disease | 307 | ||
| Thalassemias | 307 | ||
| Hemophilias | 308 | ||
| von Willebrand Disease | 308 | ||
| Neoplastic Diseases | 308 | ||
| Multiple Myeloma | 308 | ||
| Leukemia | 309 | ||
| Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | 310 | ||
| Hodgkin Lymphoma | 311 | ||
| 10 - Reproductive System | 315 | ||
| Female Reproductive System | 316 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 316 | ||
| Imaging Considerations | 318 | ||
| Hysterosalpingography | 318 | ||
| Mammography | 319 | ||
| Sonography | 320 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 321 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 322 | ||
| Congenital Anomalies | 322 | ||
| Inflammatory Diseases | 323 | ||
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | 323 | ||
| Mastitis | 324 | ||
| Neoplastic Diseases | 324 | ||
| Ovarian Cystic Masses | 324 | ||
| Ovarian Cancers | 326 | ||
| Carcinoma of the Cervix | 328 | ||
| Uterine Masses | 328 | ||
| Leiomyomas (Uterine Fibroids) | 328 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma of the Endometrium | 330 | ||
| Breast Masses | 331 | ||
| Fibroadenoma | 331 | ||
| Fibrocystic Breasts | 332 | ||
| Carcinoma of the Breast | 333 | ||
| Disorders during Pregnancy | 335 | ||
| Amniotic Fluid | 335 | ||
| Ectopic Pregnancy | 336 | ||
| Disorders of the Placenta | 336 | ||
| Hydatidiform Mole | 337 | ||
| Male Reproductive System | 338 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 338 | ||
| Imaging Considerations | 338 | ||
| Congenital Anomalies | 338 | ||
| Cryptorchidism | 338 | ||
| Neoplastic Diseases | 339 | ||
| Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia | 339 | ||
| Carcinoma of the Prostate | 340 | ||
| Testicular Torsion | 341 | ||
| Testicular Masses | 342 | ||
| Gynecomastia. Gynecomastia is the most common male breast disorder. It is the benign proliferation of breast tissue in the male ... | 344 | ||
| Breast Cancer. Breast cancer in men is rare, specifically 100 times less common than in women. The American Cancer Society estim... | 344 | ||
| 11 - Endocrine System | 347 | ||
| Anatomy and Physiology | 348 | ||
| Imaging Considerations | 351 | ||
| Radiography | 351 | ||
| Bone Mineral Densitometry | 351 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 352 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 352 | ||
| Nuclear Medicine Procedures | 352 | ||
| Skeletal Disorders | 352 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 352 | ||
| Osteomalacia | 353 | ||
| Paget’s Disease (Osteitis Deformans) | 354 | ||
| Pituitary Gland Disorders | 356 | ||
| Acromegaly | 356 | ||
| Diabetes Insipidus | 357 | ||
| Hypopituitarism | 357 | ||
| Adrenal Gland Disorders | 357 | ||
| Cushing Syndrome | 357 | ||
| Addison Disease | 357 | ||
| Adrenal Carcinomas | 358 | ||
| Pancreatic Disorders | 358 | ||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 358 | ||
| Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland Disorders | 361 | ||
| Hyperthyroidism | 361 | ||
| Hypothyroidism | 361 | ||
| Thyroid Cancers | 362 | ||
| Hyperparathyroidism | 363 | ||
| Nephrocalcinosis | 365 | ||
| 12 - Traumatic Disease | 367 | ||
| Level I, II, and III Trauma Centers | 369 | ||
| Imaging Considerations | 369 | ||
| Radiography | 369 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 370 | ||
| Trauma of the Vertebral Column and Head | 371 | ||
| Injuries to the Vertebral Column | 371 | ||
| Injuries to the Skull and Brain | 374 | ||
| Cerebral Cranial Fractures | 375 | ||
| Brain Trauma | 376 | ||
| Hematomas of the Brain | 378 | ||
| Skeletal Trauma | 381 | ||
| Fractures | 381 | ||
| Fracture Classifications | 385 | ||
| Comminuted Fractures | 388 | ||
| Complete, Noncomminuted Fractures | 391 | ||
| Avulsion Fractures | 392 | ||
| Incomplete Fractures | 393 | ||
| Growth Plate Fractures | 394 | ||
| Stress and Fatigue Fractures | 394 | ||
| Occult Fractures and Bone Bruise | 396 | ||
| Fractures in Specific Locations | 396 | ||
| Visceral Cranial Fractures | 402 | ||
| Dislocations | 405 | ||
| Battered Child Syndrome | 408 | ||
| Avascular Necrosis | 409 | ||
| Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease | 409 | ||
| Trauma of the Chest and Thorax | 409 | ||
| Pneumothorax | 410 | ||
| Atelectasis | 411 | ||
| Abdominal Trauma | 413 | ||
| Intraperitoneal Air | 414 | ||
| GLOSSARY | 417 | ||
| Image Credits and Courtesies | 431 | ||
| American College of Radiology, Reston, Virginia | 431 | ||
| American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma, Chicago, Illinois | 431 | ||
| American Hospital Association: TrendWatch | 431 | ||
| Bontrager KL: Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy, ed 6, St. Louis, 2005, Mosby | 431 | ||
| Bontrager & Lampignano: Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy, ed 8, St. Louis, 2014, Mosby | 431 | ||
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | 431 | ||
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Health Interview Survey, 1997-2014, Family Core Component) | 431 | ||
| Cutter MG, Drexler E, McCullough LB, McInerney JD, Murray JC, Rossiter B, Zola J: Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome: Scien... | 431 | ||
| Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio | 432 | ||
| Crowley LV: Introductory Concepts in Pathology, Chicago, 1972, Mosby | 432 | ||
| Damjanov I: Anderson’s Pathology, vol 2, ed 10, St. Louis, 1996, Mosby | 432 | ||
| Drake R, Vogl AW, Mitchell AW: Gray’s Anatomy for Students, ed 3, Philadelphia, 2014, Churchill Livingstone | 432 | ||
| Eisenberg RL, Johnson NM, Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology, ed 5, St. Louis, 2012, Mosby | 432 | ||
| Frank ED, Long BW, Smith BJ: Merrill’s Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures, ed 11, St. Louis, 1994, Mosby | 432 | ||
| Haines DE: Fundamental Neuroscience, Philadelphia, 1997, Churchill Livingstone | 432 | ||
| Huether SE, McCance K: Understanding Pathophysiology, ed 3, St. Louis, 2004, Mosby | 432 | ||
| Huether SE, McCance KL: Understanding Pathophysiology, ed 6, St. Louis, 2016, Mosby | 432 | ||
| Standring S: Gray’s Anatomy, ed 4, Philadelphia, 2009, Churchill Livingstone | 432 | ||
| McCance KL, Huether SE: Pathophysiology: the Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, ed 5, St. Louis, Mosby | 432 | ||
| McCance KL, Huether SE: Pathophysiology: the Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, ed 6, St. Louis, 2010, Mosby | 432 | ||
| McCance KL, Huether SE: Pathophysiology: the Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, ed 7, St. Louis, 2014, Mosby | 432 | ||
| Northcentral Technical College, Wausau, Wisconsin | 433 | ||
| Perkins DG: Mosby’s Color Atlas and Text of Neurology, London, 1998, Mosby-Wolfe | 433 | ||
| The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio | 433 | ||
| Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio | 433 | ||
| Thibodeau GA, Patton KT: Anatomy & Physiology, ed. 5, St. Louis, 2003, Mosby | 433 | ||
| Thibodeau GA, Patton KT: Anatomy & Physiology, ed. 7, St. Louis, 2009, Mosby | 433 | ||
| Thibodeau GA, Patton KT: Anatomy & Physiology, ed 8, St. Louis, 2008, Mosby | 433 | ||
| BIBLIOGRAPHY | 434 | ||
| INDEX | 437 | ||
| A | 437 | ||
| B | 439 | ||
| C | 440 | ||
| D | 443 | ||
| E | 444 | ||
| F | 445 | ||
| G | 446 | ||
| H | 447 | ||
| I | 449 | ||
| J | 449 | ||
| K | 450 | ||
| L | 450 | ||
| M | 451 | ||
| N | 452 | ||
| O | 453 | ||
| P | 453 | ||
| Q | 455 | ||
| R | 455 | ||
| S | 456 | ||
| T | 459 | ||
| U | 460 | ||
| V | 460 | ||
| W | 461 | ||
| Y | 461 | ||
| Z | 461 |