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Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the Media

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the Media

Eugene V. Beresin | Cheryl K. Olson

(2018)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Get a quick, expert overview of the increasingly important topic of technology and social media and its impact on children and adolescents. This practical resource presents a focused summary of today’s current knowledge on topics of interest to psychiatrists, pediatricians, and other health professionals working with children and adolescents. It provides current, relevant information on a wide variety of media-related topics as they relate to child and adolescent health and mental illness, making it a one-stop resource for staying up to date in this critical area.


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the Media i
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the Media iii
Copyright iv
List of Contributors v
Preface ix
Contents xi
1 - The Effects of Violent Media on Children 1
MEDIA AND TELEVISION/MOVIE VIOLENCE 1
Experiments 1
Societal Data 2
VIDEO GAMES AND ADOLESCENTS 3
Video Games and Youth Aggression 3
Sexist Games 4
Positive Effects of Video Game Use 4
MEDIA VIOLENCE AND THE POLICY REALM 5
The American Psychological Association 2015 Policy Statement and Resultant Debate 5
MASS HOMICIDES AND MEDIA 5
NATIONAL STUDIES OF SCHOOL SHOOTINGS 6
CONCLUSION 6
REFERENCES 7
FURTHER READING 9
2 - Distorted Reality: Reality Television and the Effects on Female Body Image 11
INTRODUCTION 11
FEMALE BODY IMAGE PORTRAYALS IN MASS MEDIA 11
THE EFFECTS OF TELEVISION ON FEMALE BODY IMAGE 12
MEDIA AND BODY IMAGE EFFECTS: THEORETICAL APPROACHES 13
Social Comparison Theory 13
Cultivation Theory 14
Uses and Gratification Theory 15
Personality Traits 15
REALITY TELEVISION AND BODY IMAGE 16
Cosmetic Surgery Reality Television and Body Image 17
MEDIA LITERACY 19
CONCLUSION 19
REFERENCES 20
3 - Sexting and Cyberbullying in the Developmental Context: Use and Misuse of Digital Media and Implications for Pa ... 23
INTRODUCTION 23
NORMATIVE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL MEDIA USE 24
Correspondence Between Online and Offline Risk 25
CYBERBULLYING 26
Cyberbullying: Prevalence and Correlates 26
Associations Between Cyberbullying and Suicidality 27
Contextual Factors and Cyberbullying 27
“SEXTING” AND YOUTH-PRODUCED SEXUAL IMAGES 28
Possible Misuses of Adolescent Sexting 29
Educational Responses to Adolescent Sexting 30
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: THE 4MS OF PARENT GUIDANCE 30
Manner 31
Modeling 31
Monitoring 32
What Forms of Control and Oversight Are Indicated, If Any? 32
Meaning 33
Conclusions 34
REFERENCES 34
4 - Dystopian Movies and YA Novels 39
INTRODUCTION 39
DEFINING DYSTOPIA 39
DYSTOPIAN STORIES AS ADOLESCENT PROTESTS 39
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DYSTOPIAN TALES 40
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND DYSTOPIAN NARRATIVES 40
THERAPEUTIC USES OF DYSTOPIAN LITERATURE 41
CONCLUSION 41
REFERENCES 41
5 - The Impact of Terrorism on Children and Adolescents: Terror in Their Eyes, Terror on Their Screens 43
DEFINITION OF TERRORISM 43
RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS FOR CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 44
History and the Event 44
Individual Factors and Vulnerabilities 44
DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 44
Preschool-Aged Children 44
Elementary School–Aged Children 45
Adolescents 45
NEUROBIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF TRAUMA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 45
PREDISPOSING RISK FACTORS 45
RESILIENCE AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS 46
FAMILY FACTORS AND VULNERABILITIES 46
COMMUNITY FACTORS 46
CHILDREN'S RESPONSES TO MEDIA EXPOSURE OF TERRORIST EVENTS 46
The Challenger Disaster 47
Oklahoma City Bombing 47
Scud Missile Attacks and News Coverage During the Persian Gulf War 47
World Trade Center (September 11, 2001) 48
Palestinian Children Living in a War Zone 48
Boston Marathon Bombing 49
TELEVISION, SOCIAL MEDIA, AND THE NEWS 49
CHILDREN'S INTERPRETATION OF THE MEDIA: DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 49
TELEVISION AND SOCIAL MEDIA: CONSTRUCTIVE AND DESTRUCTIVE EFFECTS 50
Positive Effects 50
Negative Effects 50
Social and Mobile Media as News Sources 50
Clinical Interventions and Treatment 51
GUIDELINES FOR PARENTS, HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS, AND EDUCATORS: TRAUMA AND THE MEDIA 53
Parents, Educators, Healthcare Providers, Politicians, and Journalists Must Increase Their Awareness About the Potentially ... 53
Adults Benefit from Seeking Positive Ways of Understanding and Coping With Their Own Responses to Terrorist Events to Optim ... 53
Children Cannot Be Sheltered Entirely from Knowing About or Reacting to a Disturbing Event 54
Some children's and adolescent's Responses May Be Confusing 54
If a Child Chooses Not to Talk About the Events, Parents Should Respect That Decision While Monitoring for Any Emerging Sym ... 54
Adults Need to Reassure Children That They Are Safe and Will Be Protected 55
FURTHER RECOMMENDATIONS 55
REFERENCES 55
6 - Addicted Media: Substances on Screen 61
INTRODUCTION 61
ALCOHOL 61
TOBACCO 63
MARIJUANA 66
OTHER SUBSTANCES 68
FUTURE DIRECTIONS 69
CONCLUSION 69
REFERENCES 69
7 - Media Literacy for Clinicians and Parents 75
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN TASKS OF DEVELOPMENT AND MEDIA 75
How Young Children Perceive and Use Media 75
Infancy through toddlerhood 75
Preschool years 76
How School-Age Children and Adolescents Perceive and Use Media 77
The role of temperament and traits 77
Summary 77
FAMILY CONTEXT AND MEDIA 78
Understanding Media Content 79
Sexual Content 80
SPECIAL CLINICAL CIRCUMSTANCES 81
The Striving Family 81
Difficulties with Peer Relations 81
The Child With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 81
Children with Developmental Disorders 81
UNDERSTANDING RATING SYSTEMS AND MONITORING 82
Rating Systems 82
Television 82
Movies 82
Computer/video games 82
Music/recordings 85
Rating Systems Summary and Discussion 87
Monitoring and Blocking Devices 88
CONCLUSIONS 89
REFERENCES 89
8 - Functional Assessment of Social Media in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 93
INTRODUCTION 93
SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS POPULAR WITH YOUTH 93
THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL MEDIA 94
SOCIAL MEDIA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD 95
SOCIAL MEDIA IN SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN 95
SOCIAL MEDIA IN ADOLESCENTS 95
DIGITAL MEDIA PLATFORMS POPULAR WITH YOUTH: SOCIAL VIDEO GAMES 95
SOCIAL MEDIA AND DIGITAL MEDIA EXPOSURE FOR AMERICAN YOUTH: 2017 96
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL AND DIGITAL MEDIA ON YOUTH DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 96
Social Media, Self-Esteem, and Peer Friendships 96
Social Media's Impact on Female and Male Identity and Body Image 97
Social Media's Influence on Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors 97
Social Media and Aggression 98
Social Media's Impact on Anxiety and Depression 98
PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS 99
FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL AND DIGITAL MEDIA IN PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATION OF YOUTH 100
WHAT IS A FUNCTIONAL MEDIA ASSESSMENT? 100
WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF A FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL MEDIA? 100
THE SOCIAL MEDIA DIET 100
SETTINGS 101
ANTECEDENTS 101
BEHAVIORS 101
CONSEQUENCES 101
FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL AND DIGITAL MEDIA 102
FUNCTIONAL APPROACH TO SOCIAL AND DIGITAL MEDIA PROBLEM SOLVING 102
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 102
CLINICIAN'S MEDIA LITERACY 103
FUTURE DIRECTIONS 103
APPENDIX 8.1: VIDEOGAME QUESTIONNAIRE 105
REFERENCES 106
9 - The Use of Film, Literature, and Music in Becoming Culturally Competent in Understanding African Americans 109
THE ROLE OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE 110
A NEW WAY TO TEACH: VIA FILM, LITERATURE, PHOTOGRAPHY, AND MUSIC 110
MUSIC'S INFLUENCE IN AFRICAN AMERICAN CULTURE 111
POWER OF THE WRITTEN WORD 112
THE WAR OF IMAGES 113
SUMMARY 114
REFERENCES 115
10 - Mass Media Outreach for Child Psychiatrists 117
WHY GET INVOLVED WITH THE MEDIA? 117
The Need to Raise Public Awareness About Mental Illness and Effective Treatment 117
The Need to Reduce Stigma and Other Barriers to Care 117
The Need to Counteract Media Misinformation that Contributes to Stigma 118
The Need to Counterbalance Information From Special Interests 118
THE POTENTIAL OF MASS MEDIA TO TEACH, AND COUNTERACT STIGMA 118
HOW TO WORK WITH MASS MEDIA OUTLETS 119
WHAT OTHERS HAVE DONE TO EDUCATE THE PUBLIC ABOUT MENTAL ILLNESS 121
SUMMARY 122
REFERENCES 122
11 - The Use of Telepsychiatry in Caring for Youth and Families: Overcoming the Shortages in Child and Adolescent P ... 125
INTRODUCTION 125
OVERVIEW OF TELEPSYCHIATRY 125
TELEPSYCHIATRY VERSUS TRADITIONAL PRACTICE 126
CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS 128
The Telepsychiatry Encounter 128
Patient Selection 128
Patient Safety and Emergencies 129
TECHNOLOGY AND SECURITY 129
REQUIREMENTS AND REGULATIONS 129
PAYMENT AND REIMBURSEMENT 130
TRAINING AND EDUCATION 130
SUMMARY 130
GLOSSARY 130
REFERENCES 131
12 - Your Brain on Video Games: The Neuroscience of Media 133
GENERAL PROCESSES 133
Epigenetics and Telomeres 133
SPECIFIC TOPICS RELATED TO THE NEUROSCIENCE OF MEDIA 134
SMARTPHONES, SOCIAL MEDIA, AND THE BRAIN'S ATTENTION NETWORKS 134
NEUROBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF TELEVISION AND VIDEO GAMES 135
VIOLENT MEDIA EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN 136
MEDIA ADDICTION AND INTERNET GAMING DISORDER 136
CONCLUSIONS 137
REFERENCES 138
13 - The Role of Media in Promoting and Destigmatizing Mental Illness in Youth 141
STIGMA: CAUSES AND EFFECTS 141
How Does Stigma Differ for the Young? 142
Peer Perceptions 142
HOW STIGMA AFFECTS HELP-SEEKING 142
Stigma From Healthcare and Mental Health Providers 143
SOURCES OF STIGMA IN THE MEDIA 143
Stigma in Movies 143
Stigma on Television 143
Media for Young Children 144
Stigma and Video Games 144
Stigma in News Reports 145
MEDIA INTERVENTIONS THAT MAY REDUCE STIGMA 145
Social Media and Internet Interventions 146
Video Games to Counter Stigma 147
Using Movies Against Stigma 148
Acknowledging Media as Part of Therapy 148
Using Media to Reduce Stigma Among Health Professionals 148
SUMMARY 149
REFERENCES 149
14 - Media's Role in Mitigating Culturally Competent Understanding of Latino Youth 153
INTRODUCTION 153
Impact of Racial/Ethnic Biases on Healthcare Disparities and Child Development—Can Media Affect Provision of Care Among Lat ... 153
The Role of Cultural Humility in Training—Education Is Bliss When Treating Latinos 154
How Does Media Represent Young Latinos? Teaching Practitioners Through Music, Films, TV, Social Media, and Literature 155
IMAGES ARE WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS 155
Films 155
Television 156
MUSIC: LATIN EXPLOSION 158
SOCIAL MEDIA 160
LITERATURE 160
Media's Portrayal of Latino Children and Effects on Development 161
SUMMARY 162
REFERENCES 163
15 - Family Life in Television and Film: What Every Clinician Should Know 165
THE ROLE OF FAMILIES IN TELEVISION AND FILM 165
A BRIEF HISTORY OF FAMILY STRUCTURES ON TELEVISION 165
THE EVOLUTION OF FAMILY THERAPY THEORY 166
MEDIA DEPICTIONS OF FAMILIES 167
Divorce and Stepfamilies 167
Single Parent Families 168
Sexual Minority Parents 168
Families of Color 169
CONCLUSIONS 170
REFERENCES 170
16 - Digital Media Use by Young Children: Learning, Effects, and Health Outcomes 173
LEARNING FROM MEDIA 173
Theoretical Background 173
Learning From Educational Television 174
Video Deficit 174
Word learning and television 175
Learning From Interactive Media 176
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Learning From Media 176
COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL EMOTIONAL MEDIA EFFECTS 177
Violence, Aggression, and Fear 177
Prosocial Effects 178
MEDIA USE AND HEALTH EFFECTS 178
Sleep 178
Obesity 179
Exercise 179
Pain Management 179
Attention and Executive Function 180
Autism and social development 180
CONCLUSION 181
REFERENCES 182
FURTHER READING 186
17 - Use of Digital Media for Self-Expression in Children and Adolescents 187
INTRODUCTION 187
INTERNET SAFETY 187
YOUTH JURIES 189
Juries 189
Vignettes 190
Youth Juries 191
OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE 192
REFERENCES 193
Index 195
A 195
B 195
C 195
D 196
E 197
F 197
G 197
H 197
I 197
J 198
K 198
L 198
M 198
N 199
O 199
P 199
Q 199
R 199
S 200
T 201
U 201
V 201
W 201
X 201
Y 201