BOOK
Mosby's Essentials for Nursing Assistants - E-Book
Sheila A. Sorrentino | Leighann Remmert
(2018)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Designed for shorter programs of 85 hours or fewer, Mosby's Essentials for Nursing Assistants, 6th Edition provides coverage of the concepts and skills that are essential for becoming a nursing assistant. Known for its reader-friendly approach, and bright visual presentation, the text covers OBRA-mandated content including step-by-step procedures for 76 skills covered on the latest NATSEP certification exams. With focus on quality of life in the patient/person and self-pride in the nursing assistant this concise text emphasizes the importance of treating residents with respect while providing safe, competent, and efficient care. New features include Focus on Math to help you master the formulas and calculations necessary for safe and effective caregiving and Focus on Pride: Application, which directs you to focus on residents’ emotional and mental needs during specific procedures.
- Over 75 procedures boxes are divided into step-by-step format with instructions for performing each skill, including Quality of Life courtesies, Pre-procedure, Procedure, and Post-Procedure sections to make learning critical skills easier.
- Concise coverage of nursing assistant content written at a 7th grade reading level that’s ideal and easy to use in classes with shorter hour requirements.
- Promoting Safety and Comfort boxes highlight important considerations for providing safe and effective care while promoting patient comfort.
- Focus on PRIDE boxes highlight personal and professional responsibility, rights and respect, independence and social interaction, delegation and teamwork, and ethics and laws, encouraging you to promote pride in the person, family, and themselves.
- Caring about Culture boxes contain information to help you learn about the various practices of other cultures.
- Focus on Practice boxes at the end of each chapter present short case scenarios with questions so students can consider practical applications for providing patient care.
- Focus on Communication boxes suggest what to say and questions to ask when interacting with patients, residents, visitors, and the nursing team to ensure clear communication in practice.
- Delegation Guidelines identify the nursing assistant's specific responsibilities in accepting commonly delegated tasks.
- NEW! Getting a Job chapter describes the professional skills you need for seeking and landing a job after certification.
- NEW! Focus on Math feature increases your critical thinking and calculation skills to assist you in performing a variety of procedures.
- NEW! Urinary Catheters chapter focuses on safety concerns surrounding perineal care.
- NEW! Content on electronic communication covers safety rules and wrongful use of electronic communication methods including cell phones and social media.
- NEW! Focus on Pride: Application examines residents’ emotional and mental wellbeing during care for specific issues.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Brief Contents | i | ||
| EvolveAd | ii | ||
| Mosby's Essentials for Nursing Assistants | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| About the Authors | vi | ||
| Acknowledgments | vii | ||
| Contributor | vii | ||
| Reviewers | vii | ||
| Instructor Preface | ix | ||
| Content Issues | ix | ||
| New Content | ix | ||
| Chapter 1: Introduction to Health Care | ix | ||
| Chapter 2: The Person’s Rights | ix | ||
| Chapter 3: The Nursing Assistant | ix | ||
| Chapter 4: Ethics and Laws (new!) | ix | ||
| Chapter 5: Student and Work Ethics | ix | ||
| Chapter 6: Health Team Communications | ix | ||
| Chapter 10: Safety Needs | ix | ||
| Chapter 11: Preventing Falls | ix | ||
| Chapter 12: Restraint Alternatives and Restraints | ix | ||
| Chapter 13: Preventing Infection | ix | ||
| Chapter 14: Body Mechanics | ix | ||
| Chapter 15: Moving the Person (new!) | ix | ||
| Chapter 16: Transferring the Person (new!) | ix | ||
| Chapter 17: Comfort Needs | x | ||
| Chapter 18: Hygiene Needs | x | ||
| Chapter 19: Grooming Needs | x | ||
| Chapter 22: Bowel Needs | x | ||
| Chapter 23: Nutrition Needs | x | ||
| Chapter 24: Fluid Needs (new!) | x | ||
| Chapter 25: Measurements | x | ||
| Chapter 26: Collecting Specimens | x | ||
| Chapter 28: Wound Care | x | ||
| Chapter 30: Oxygen Needs | x | ||
| Chapter 31: Rehabilitation Needs | x | ||
| Chapter 32: Hearing, Speech, and Vision Problems (new!) | x | ||
| Chapter 33: Common Health Problems | x | ||
| Chapter 34: Mental Health Disorders | x | ||
| Chapter 36: Emergency Care | x | ||
| Chapter 38: Getting a Job (new!) | x | ||
| New Key Terms | x | ||
| New Procedures | xi | ||
| New Figures | xi | ||
| Features and Design | xi | ||
| Student Preface | xii | ||
| Survey or Preview | xii | ||
| Question | xii | ||
| Read and Record | xii | ||
| Recite and Review | xii | ||
| Special Features | xiii | ||
| Table Of Contents | xvii | ||
| 1 Introduction to Health Care | 1 | ||
| Objectives | 1 | ||
| Key Terms | 1 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 1 | ||
| Hospitals | 1 | ||
| Long-Term Care Centers | 2 | ||
| Board and Care Homes | 2 | ||
| Assisted Living Residences | 2 | ||
| Nursing Centers | 3 | ||
| Memory Care Units. | 3 | ||
| Hospices | 3 | ||
| Organization | 3 | ||
| The Health Team | 4 | ||
| Nursing Service | 4 | ||
| The Nursing Team | 5 | ||
| Registered Nurses | 5 | ||
| Licensed Practical Nurses and Licensed Vocational Nurses | 5 | ||
| Nursing Assistants | 5 | ||
| Nursing Care Patterns | 5 | ||
| Paying for Health Care | 6 | ||
| Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 | 6 | ||
| Prospective Payment Systems | 6 | ||
| Meeting Standards | 7 | ||
| The Survey Process | 7 | ||
| Your Role | 7 | ||
| Review Questions | 9 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 9 | ||
| 2 The Person’s Rights | 10 | ||
| Objectives | 10 | ||
| Key Terms | 10 | ||
| Key Abbreviation | 10 | ||
| Patient Rights | 10 | ||
| Resident Rights | 10 | ||
| Information | 12 | ||
| Refusing Treatment | 12 | ||
| Privacy and Confidentiality | 12 | ||
| Personal Choice | 12 | ||
| Grievances | 12 | ||
| Work | 13 | ||
| Resident Groups | 13 | ||
| Personal Items | 13 | ||
| Freedom From Abuse, Mistreatment, and Neglect | 13 | ||
| Freedom From Restraint | 13 | ||
| Quality of Life | 14 | ||
| Activities. | 14 | ||
| Environment. | 14 | ||
| Review Questions | 17 | ||
| Circle T if the statement is TRUE or F if it is FALSE. | 17 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 17 | ||
| 3 The Nursing Assistant | 18 | ||
| Objectives | 18 | ||
| Key Terms | 18 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 18 | ||
| Nurse Practice Acts | 18 | ||
| Nursing Assistants | 19 | ||
| The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 | 19 | ||
| The Training Program | 19 | ||
| Competency Evaluation | 19 | ||
| Nursing Assistant Registry | 19 | ||
| Certification | 20 | ||
| Maintaining Competence | 20 | ||
| Working in Another State | 21 | ||
| Roles and Responsibilities | 21 | ||
| Nursing Assistant Standards | 22 | ||
| Job Description | 22 | ||
| Delegation | 25 | ||
| Who Can Delegate | 25 | ||
| Delegation Process | 25 | ||
| Step 1—Assessment and Planning. | 26 | ||
| Step 2—Communication. | 26 | ||
| Step 3—Surveillance and Supervision. | 26 | ||
| Step 4—Evaluation and Feedback. | 27 | ||
| Your Role in Delegation | 27 | ||
| Accepting a Task. | 27 | ||
| Refusing a Task. | 27 | ||
| Review Questions | 29 | ||
| Circle T if the statement is TRUE or F if it is FALSE. | 29 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 29 | ||
| 4 Ethics and Laws | 30 | ||
| Objectives | 30 | ||
| Key Terms | 30 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 31 | ||
| Ethical Aspects | 31 | ||
| Codes of Ethics | 31 | ||
| Professional Boundaries | 31 | ||
| Legal Aspects | 33 | ||
| Unintentional Torts | 33 | ||
| Intentional Torts | 33 | ||
| Wrongful Use of Electronic Communications | 34 | ||
| Informed Consent | 35 | ||
| Reporting Abuse | 36 | ||
| Vulnerable Adults | 36 | ||
| Elder Abuse | 36 | ||
| Reporting Elder Abuse. | 38 | ||
| OBRA Requirements. | 38 | ||
| Child Abuse and Neglect | 38 | ||
| Intimate Partner Violence | 38 | ||
| Other Laws | 39 | ||
| Review Questions | 41 | ||
| 5 Student and Work Ethics | 42 | ||
| Objectives | 42 | ||
| Key Terms | 42 | ||
| Key Abbreviation | 42 | ||
| Health, Hygiene, and Appearance | 43 | ||
| Your Health | 43 | ||
| Your Hygiene | 43 | ||
| Your Appearance | 43 | ||
| Preparing for School or Work | 44 | ||
| Childcare | 45 | ||
| Transportation | 45 | ||
| Teamwork | 45 | ||
| Attendance | 45 | ||
| Your Attitude | 45 | ||
| Gossip | 46 | ||
| Confidentiality | 46 | ||
| Speech and Language | 46 | ||
| Courtesies | 46 | ||
| Personal Matters | 46 | ||
| Meals and Breaks | 47 | ||
| Job Safety | 47 | ||
| Planning Your Work | 47 | ||
| Managing Stress | 48 | ||
| Dealing With Conflict | 48 | ||
| Resolving Conflict. | 48 | ||
| Harassment | 49 | ||
| Sexual Harassment | 49 | ||
| Bullying | 49 | ||
| Resigning From a Job | 49 | ||
| Losing a Job | 50 | ||
| Drug Testing | 50 | ||
| Unethical Student Behavior | 50 | ||
| Review Questions | 51 | ||
| Circle T if the statement is TRUE and F if it is FALSE. | 51 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 51 | ||
| 6 Health Team Communications | 52 | ||
| Objectives | 52 | ||
| Key Terms | 52 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 52 | ||
| Communication | 53 | ||
| The Medical Record | 53 | ||
| The Nursing Process | 54 | ||
| Assessment | 54 | ||
| The Minimum Data Set. | 54 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 56 | ||
| Planning | 56 | ||
| Care Conferences. | 56 | ||
| The Comprehensive Care Plan. | 57 | ||
| Implementation | 57 | ||
| Assignment Sheets. | 57 | ||
| Evaluation | 57 | ||
| Reporting and Recording | 58 | ||
| Reporting and Recording Time | 58 | ||
| Reporting | 59 | ||
| End-of-Shift Report. | 59 | ||
| Recording | 60 | ||
| Electronic Recording. | 60 | ||
| Electronic Devices | 61 | ||
| Phone Communications | 62 | ||
| Medical Terms and Abbreviations | 62 | ||
| Prefixes, Roots, and Suffixes | 62 | ||
| Defining Medical Terms. | 65 | ||
| Directional Terms | 65 | ||
| Abbreviations | 66 | ||
| Review Questions | 67 | ||
| Circle T if the statement is TRUE or F if it is FALSE. | 67 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 67 | ||
| 7 Understanding the Person | 68 | ||
| Objectives | 68 | ||
| Key Terms | 68 | ||
| Caring for the Person | 68 | ||
| Addressing the Person | 69 | ||
| Basic Needs | 69 | ||
| Culture and Religion | 70 | ||
| Communicating With the Person | 70 | ||
| Verbal Communication | 71 | ||
| Nonverbal Communication | 71 | ||
| Touch. | 71 | ||
| Body Language. | 73 | ||
| Communication Methods | 73 | ||
| Listening. | 73 | ||
| Paraphrasing. | 74 | ||
| Direct Questions. | 74 | ||
| Open-Ended Questions. | 74 | ||
| Clarifying. | 74 | ||
| Focusing. | 74 | ||
| Silence. | 74 | ||
| Communication Barriers | 74 | ||
| Persons With Special Needs | 75 | ||
| Persons With Disabilities | 75 | ||
| The Person Who Is Comatose | 75 | ||
| Persons With Bariatric Needs | 76 | ||
| Family and Friends | 76 | ||
| Behavior Issues | 76 | ||
| Review Questions | 78 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 78 | ||
| 8 Body Structure and Function | 79 | ||
| Objectives | 79 | ||
| Key Terms | 79 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 79 | ||
| Cells, Tissues, and Organs | 80 | ||
| The Integumentary System | 81 | ||
| The Musculo-Skeletal System | 82 | ||
| Bones | 82 | ||
| Joints | 82 | ||
| Muscles | 83 | ||
| The Nervous System | 84 | ||
| The Central Nervous System | 84 | ||
| The Peripheral Nervous System | 85 | ||
| The Sense Organs | 86 | ||
| The Eye. | 86 | ||
| The Ear. | 86 | ||
| The Circulatory System | 87 | ||
| The Blood | 87 | ||
| The Heart | 87 | ||
| The Blood Vessels | 88 | ||
| The Lymphatic System | 88 | ||
| The Respiratory System | 89 | ||
| The Digestive System | 90 | ||
| The Urinary System | 91 | ||
| The Reproductive System | 92 | ||
| The Male Reproductive System | 92 | ||
| The Female Reproductive System | 92 | ||
| Menstruation. | 93 | ||
| Fertilization | 93 | ||
| The Endocrine System | 94 | ||
| The Immune System | 95 | ||
| Review Questions | 96 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 96 | ||
| 9 The Older Person | 98 | ||
| Objectives | 98 | ||
| Key Terms | 98 | ||
| Key Abbreviation | 98 | ||
| Growth and Development | 98 | ||
| Psychological and Social Changes | 100 | ||
| Physical Changes | 100 | ||
| Nursing Center Care | 103 | ||
| Sexuality | 103 | ||
| Meeting Sexual Needs | 104 | ||
| The Sexually Aggressive Person | 104 | ||
| Protecting the Person | 105 | ||
| Review Questions | 106 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 106 | ||
| 10 Safety Needs | 107 | ||
| Objectives | 107 | ||
| Key Terms | 107 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 107 | ||
| Accident Risk Factors | 108 | ||
| Identifying the Person | 109 | ||
| Identifying Nursing Center Residents | 110 | ||
| Preventing Burns | 110 | ||
| Preventing Poisoning | 110 | ||
| Preventing Suffocation | 111 | ||
| Choking | 111 | ||
| Relieving Choking. | 111 | ||
| Preventing Equipment Accidents | 114 | ||
| Electrical Equipment | 114 | ||
| Wheelchair and Stretcher Safety | 114 | ||
| Hazardous Chemicals | 115 | ||
| Labeling | 115 | ||
| Safety Data Sheets | 115 | ||
| Disasters | 115 | ||
| Bomb Threats | 116 | ||
| Fire Safety | 116 | ||
| Fire and Oxygen. | 116 | ||
| What to Do During a Fire. | 116 | ||
| Using a Fire Extinguisher. | 117 | ||
| Elopement | 118 | ||
| Workplace Violence | 118 | ||
| Risk Management | 119 | ||
| Color-Coded Wristbands | 119 | ||
| Personal Belongings | 119 | ||
| Reporting Incidents | 120 | ||
| Review Questions | 121 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 121 | ||
| 11 Preventing Falls | 122 | ||
| Objectives | 122 | ||
| Key Terms | 122 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 122 | ||
| Causes and Risk Factors for Falls | 123 | ||
| Fall Prevention Programs | 123 | ||
| Bed and Chair Alarms | 125 | ||
| Bed Rails | 126 | ||
| Hand Rails and Grab Bars | 126 | ||
| Wheel Locks | 127 | ||
| Transfer/Gait Belts | 127 | ||
| The Falling Person | 130 | ||
| Review Questions | 132 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 132 | ||
| 12 Restraint Alternatives and Restraints | 133 | ||
| Objectives | 133 | ||
| Key Terms | 133 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 133 | ||
| History of Restraint Use | 134 | ||
| Restraint Alternatives | 134 | ||
| Safe Restraint Use | 135 | ||
| Physical and Chemical Restraints | 136 | ||
| Enablers. | 136 | ||
| Risks From Restraint Use | 136 | ||
| Laws, Rules, and Guidelines | 137 | ||
| Safety Guidelines | 137 | ||
| Reporting and Recording | 142 | ||
| Applying Restraints | 142 | ||
| Wrist Restraints. | 142 | ||
| Mitt Restraints. | 142 | ||
| Belt Restraints. | 143 | ||
| Vest Restraints and Jacket Restraints. | 143 | ||
| Review Questions | 148 | ||
| Circle T if the statement is TRUE or F if it is FALSE. | 148 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 148 | ||
| 13 Preventing Infection | 149 | ||
| Objectives | 149 | ||
| Key Terms | 149 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 149 | ||
| Microorganisms | 150 | ||
| Requirements of Microbes | 150 | ||
| Multidrug-Resistant Organisms | 150 | ||
| Infection | 150 | ||
| The Chain of Infection | 151 | ||
| Susceptible Hosts. | 151 | ||
| Healthcare-Associated Infections | 152 | ||
| Medical Asepsis | 152 | ||
| Common Aseptic Practices | 153 | ||
| Hand Hygiene | 153 | ||
| Supplies and Equipment | 157 | ||
| Cleaning. | 157 | ||
| Disinfection. | 157 | ||
| Sterilization. | 157 | ||
| Other Aseptic Measures | 157 | ||
| Isolation Precautions | 159 | ||
| Standard Precautions | 159 | ||
| Transmission-Based Precautions | 161 | ||
| Personal Protective Equipment | 162 | ||
| Gowns. | 162 | ||
| Masks and Respiratory Protection. | 162 | ||
| Goggles and Face Shields. | 162 | ||
| Gloves. | 163 | ||
| Donning and Removing PPE. | 163 | ||
| Bagging Items | 168 | ||
| Double-Bagging. | 169 | ||
| Collecting Specimens | 169 | ||
| Transporting Persons | 169 | ||
| Meeting Basic Needs | 169 | ||
| Bloodborne Pathogen Standard | 170 | ||
| Hepatitis B Vaccination | 170 | ||
| Engineering and Work Practice Controls | 170 | ||
| Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | 170 | ||
| Equipment | 170 | ||
| Laundry | 170 | ||
| Exposure Incidents | 171 | ||
| Surgical Asepsis | 171 | ||
| Review Questions | 172 | ||
| Circle T if the statement is TRUE or F if it is FALSE. | 172 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 172 | ||
| 14 Body Mechanics | 174 | ||
| Objectives | 174 | ||
| Key Terms | 174 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 174 | ||
| Principles of Body Mechanics | 174 | ||
| Work-Related Injuries | 176 | ||
| MSD Risk Factors | 176 | ||
| Back Injuries. | 176 | ||
| Preventing MSDs | 176 | ||
| Positioning the Person | 178 | ||
| Fowler’s Positions | 178 | ||
| Supine Position | 180 | ||
| Prone Position | 180 | ||
| Lateral Position | 181 | ||
| Sims’ Position | 181 | ||
| Chair Position | 182 | ||
| Review Questions | 183 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 183 | ||
| 15 Moving the Person | 185 | ||
| Objectives | 185 | ||
| Key Terms | 185 | ||
| Key Abbreviation | 185 | ||
| Preventing Work-Related Injuries | 186 | ||
| Protecting the Skin | 187 | ||
| Moving Persons in Bed | 188 | ||
| Moving the Person Up in Bed | 188 | ||
| Moving the Person Up in Bed With an Assist Device | 190 | ||
| Moving the Person to the Side of the Bed | 192 | ||
| Turning Persons | 194 | ||
| Logrolling | 196 | ||
| Sitting on the Side of the Bed (Dangling) | 197 | ||
| Re-Positioning in a Chair or Wheelchair | 200 | ||
| Review Questions | 202 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 202 | ||
| 16 Transferring the Person | 203 | ||
| Objectives | 203 | ||
| Key Terms | 203 | ||
| Key Abbreviation | 203 | ||
| Wheelchair and Stretcher Safety | 205 | ||
| Stand and Pivot Transfers | 205 | ||
| Transfer Belts | 206 | ||
| Bed to Chair or Wheelchair Transfers | 206 | ||
| Chair or Wheelchair to Bed Transfers | 210 | ||
| Transferring the Person To and From the Toilet | 211 | ||
| Mechanical Lifts | 212 | ||
| Slings | 213 | ||
| Using a Mechanical Lift | 213 | ||
| Review Questions | 219 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 219 | ||
| 17 Comfort Needs | 220 | ||
| Objectives | 220 | ||
| Key Terms | 220 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 220 | ||
| The Person’s Unit | 221 | ||
| Comfort | 222 | ||
| Temperature and Ventilation | 222 | ||
| Odors | 222 | ||
| Noise | 222 | ||
| Lighting | 223 | ||
| Room Furniture and Equipment | 223 | ||
| The Bed | 223 | ||
| Bed Positions. | 224 | ||
| Bed Safety. | 224 | ||
| Bariatric Beds. | 226 | ||
| The Over-Bed Table | 227 | ||
| The Bedside Stand | 227 | ||
| Chairs | 227 | ||
| Privacy Curtains | 227 | ||
| The Call System | 228 | ||
| Call System Safety. | 229 | ||
| The Bathroom | 229 | ||
| Closet and Drawer Space | 229 | ||
| Other Equipment | 229 | ||
| Bedmaking | 230 | ||
| Types of Beds | 230 | ||
| Linens | 231 | ||
| Drawsheets. | 232 | ||
| Making Beds | 232 | ||
| The Closed Bed. | 232 | ||
| The Open Bed. | 236 | ||
| The Occupied Bed. | 236 | ||
| The Surgical Bed. | 239 | ||
| Pain Relief | 240 | ||
| Factors Affecting Pain | 241 | ||
| The Back Massage | 242 | ||
| Sleep | 244 | ||
| Factors Affecting Sleep | 244 | ||
| Sleep Disorders | 245 | ||
| Review Questions | 246 | ||
| Circle T if the statement is TRUE or F if it is FALSE. | 246 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 246 | ||
| 18 Hygiene Needs | 247 | ||
| Objectives | 247 | ||
| Key Terms | 247 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 247 | ||
| Daily Care | 249 | ||
| Oral Hygiene | 249 | ||
| Flossing | 250 | ||
| Brushing and Flossing Teeth | 250 | ||
| Mouth Care for the Unconscious Person | 252 | ||
| Denture Care | 254 | ||
| Bathing | 256 | ||
| The Complete Bed Bath | 258 | ||
| The Partial Bath | 262 | ||
| Tub Baths and Showers | 263 | ||
| Tub Baths. | 263 | ||
| Showers. | 264 | ||
| Perineal Care | 266 | ||
| Review Questions | 272 | ||
| Circle T if the statement is TRUE and F if it is FALSE. | 272 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 272 | ||
| 19 Grooming Needs | 273 | ||
| Objectives | 273 | ||
| Key Terms | 273 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 273 | ||
| Hair Care | 274 | ||
| Skin and Scalp Conditions | 274 | ||
| Brushing and Combing Hair | 275 | ||
| Shampooing | 277 | ||
| Shampoo Caps. | 279 | ||
| Shaving | 279 | ||
| Caring for Mustaches and Beards | 281 | ||
| Shaving Legs and Underarms | 281 | ||
| Nail and Foot Care | 282 | ||
| Changing Garments | 284 | ||
| Dressing and Undressing | 284 | ||
| Changing Patient Gowns | 289 | ||
| Review Questions | 292 | ||
| Circle T if the statement is TRUE and F if it is FALSE. | 292 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 292 | ||
| 20 Urinary Needs | 293 | ||
| Objectives | 293 | ||
| Key Terms | 293 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 293 | ||
| Normal Urination | 294 | ||
| Observations | 295 | ||
| Bedpans | 295 | ||
| Urinals | 298 | ||
| Commodes | 300 | ||
| Urinary Incontinence | 302 | ||
| Types of Incontinence | 302 | ||
| Managing Incontinence | 302 | ||
| Applying Incontinence Products | 304 | ||
| Bladder Training | 307 | ||
| Review Questions | 308 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 308 | ||
| 21 Urinary Catheters | 309 | ||
| Objectives | 309 | ||
| Key Terms | 309 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 309 | ||
| Purposes and Types of Catheters | 310 | ||
| Catheter Care | 311 | ||
| Urine Drainage Systems | 314 | ||
| Condom Catheters | 316 | ||
| Review Questions | 319 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 319 | ||
| 22 Bowel Needs | 320 | ||
| Objectives | 320 | ||
| Key Terms | 320 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 320 | ||
| Normal Bowel Elimination | 321 | ||
| Observations | 321 | ||
| Factors Affecting BMs | 322 | ||
| Safety and Comfort | 322 | ||
| Common Problems | 323 | ||
| Constipation | 323 | ||
| Fecal Impaction | 323 | ||
| Diarrhea | 323 | ||
| Fecal Incontinence | 324 | ||
| Flatulence | 324 | ||
| Bowel Training | 324 | ||
| Enemas | 325 | ||
| The Cleansing Enema | 325 | ||
| The Small-Volume Enema | 325 | ||
| The Oil-Retention Enema | 327 | ||
| The Person With an Ostomy | 327 | ||
| Colostomy | 327 | ||
| Ileostomy | 327 | ||
| Ostomy Pouches | 329 | ||
| Review Questions | 330 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 330 | ||
| 23 Nutrition Needs | 331 | ||
| Objectives | 331 | ||
| Key Terms | 331 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 331 | ||
| Basic Nutrition | 332 | ||
| MyPlate | 332 | ||
| Physical Activity. | 332 | ||
| Food Groups | 332 | ||
| Oils | 334 | ||
| Nutrients | 334 | ||
| Factors Affecting Eating and Nutrition | 335 | ||
| OBRA Dietary Requirements | 335 | ||
| Special Diets | 336 | ||
| The Sodium-Controlled Diet | 338 | ||
| Diabetes Meal Plan | 338 | ||
| The Dysphagia Diet | 339 | ||
| Food Intake | 339 | ||
| Meeting Nutrition Needs | 340 | ||
| Preparing for Meals | 340 | ||
| Dining Programs | 341 | ||
| Serving Meals | 342 | ||
| Feeding the Person | 343 | ||
| Between-Meal Snacks | 345 | ||
| Assisting With Special Needs | 345 | ||
| Enteral Nutrition | 345 | ||
| Observations. | 346 | ||
| Preventing Aspiration. | 346 | ||
| Comfort Measures. | 346 | ||
| Review Questions | 348 | ||
| 24 Fluid Needs | 349 | ||
| Objectives | 349 | ||
| Key Terms | 349 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 349 | ||
| Normal Fluid Requirements | 349 | ||
| Special Fluid Orders | 350 | ||
| Intake and Output | 350 | ||
| Measuring Intake and Output | 351 | ||
| Providing Drinking Water | 354 | ||
| IV Therapy | 355 | ||
| Flow Rate | 356 | ||
| Assisting With IV Therapy | 356 | ||
| Review Questions | 358 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 358 | ||
| 25 Measurements | 359 | ||
| Objectives | 359 | ||
| Key Terms | 359 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 359 | ||
| Vital Signs | 360 | ||
| Body Temperature | 360 | ||
| Temperature Sites. | 361 | ||
| Taking Temperatures. | 362 | ||
| Electronic Thermometers. | 362 | ||
| Glass Thermometers. | 365 | ||
| Pulse | 368 | ||
| Using a Stethoscope. | 369 | ||
| Pulse Rate. | 369 | ||
| Pulse Rhythm and Force. | 370 | ||
| Taking Pulses. | 370 | ||
| Respirations | 372 | ||
| Blood Pressure | 373 | ||
| Normal and Abnormal Blood Pressures. | 373 | ||
| Blood Pressure Equipment. | 374 | ||
| Measuring Blood Pressure. | 375 | ||
| Pain | 378 | ||
| Types of Pain | 378 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms | 378 | ||
| Weight and Height | 379 | ||
| Review Questions | 383 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 383 | ||
| 26 Collecting Specimens | 384 | ||
| Objectives | 384 | ||
| Key Terms | 384 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 384 | ||
| Urine Specimens | 385 | ||
| The Random Urine Specimen | 385 | ||
| The Midstream Specimen | 387 | ||
| The 24-Hour Urine Specimen | 388 | ||
| Testing Urine | 389 | ||
| Using Reagent Strips. | 389 | ||
| Stool Specimens | 390 | ||
| Sputum Specimens | 392 | ||
| Blood Glucose Testing | 394 | ||
| Review Questions | 395 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 395 | ||
| 27 Exercise and Activity Needs | 396 | ||
| Objectives | 396 | ||
| Key Terms | 396 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 396 | ||
| Bedrest | 397 | ||
| Complications From Bedrest | 397 | ||
| Positioning | 398 | ||
| Exercise | 399 | ||
| Range-of-Motion Exercises | 399 | ||
| Ambulation | 404 | ||
| Canes | 404 | ||
| Walkers | 405 | ||
| Helping the Person Walk | 405 | ||
| Other Walking Aids | 408 | ||
| Crutches. | 408 | ||
| Orthotic Devices. | 408 | ||
| Review Questions | 410 | ||
| Circle T if the statement is TRUE or F if it is FALSE. | 410 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 410 | ||
| 28 Wound Care | 411 | ||
| Objectives | 411 | ||
| Key Terms | 411 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 411 | ||
| Skin Tears | 412 | ||
| Circulatory Ulcers | 413 | ||
| Prevention and Treatment | 413 | ||
| Elastic Stockings. | 415 | ||
| Elastic Bandages. | 417 | ||
| Dressings | 418 | ||
| Securing Dressings | 418 | ||
| Tape. | 418 | ||
| Montgomery Ties. | 419 | ||
| Applying Dressings | 419 | ||
| Binders and Compression Garments | 421 | ||
| Heat and Cold Applications | 422 | ||
| Heat Applications | 423 | ||
| Complications. | 423 | ||
| Moist and Dry Heat Applications. | 423 | ||
| Cold Applications | 424 | ||
| Complications. | 424 | ||
| Moist and Dry Cold Applications. | 424 | ||
| Applying Heat and Cold | 424 | ||
| Review Questions | 428 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 428 | ||
| 29 Pressure Injuries | 429 | ||
| Objectives | 429 | ||
| Key Terms | 429 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 429 | ||
| Risk Factors | 431 | ||
| Persons at Risk | 431 | ||
| Pressure Injury Stages | 432 | ||
| Sites | 436 | ||
| Prevention and Treatment | 436 | ||
| Protective Devices | 438 | ||
| Complications | 439 | ||
| Review Questions | 440 | ||
| Circle T if the statement is TRUE or F if it is FALSE. | 440 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 440 | ||
| 30 Oxygen Needs | 441 | ||
| Objectives | 441 | ||
| Key Terms | 441 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 441 | ||
| Altered Respiratory Function | 441 | ||
| Abnormal Respirations | 442 | ||
| Respiratory Tests | 443 | ||
| Pulse Oximetry | 443 | ||
| Meeting Oxygen Needs | 444 | ||
| Positioning | 444 | ||
| Deep Breathing and Coughing | 445 | ||
| Assisting With Oxygen Therapy | 447 | ||
| Oxygen Sources | 447 | ||
| Oxygen Devices | 448 | ||
| Oxygen Flow Rates | 448 | ||
| Oxygen Safety | 448 | ||
| Review Questions | 450 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 450 | ||
| 31 Rehabilitation Needs | 451 | ||
| Objectives | 451 | ||
| Key Terms | 451 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 451 | ||
| Restorative Nursing | 452 | ||
| Restorative Aides | 452 | ||
| The Whole Person | 452 | ||
| Physical Aspects | 452 | ||
| Elimination. | 452 | ||
| Self-Care. | 452 | ||
| Nutrition. | 453 | ||
| Mobility. | 453 | ||
| Communication | 453 | ||
| Psychological and Social Aspects | 454 | ||
| The Rehabilitation Team | 455 | ||
| Your Role | 455 | ||
| Rehabilitation Programs | 455 | ||
| Quality of Life | 455 | ||
| Review Questions | 457 | ||
| Circle T if the statement is TRUE and F if it is FALSE. | 457 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 457 | ||
| 32 Hearing, Speech, and Vision Problems | 458 | ||
| Objectives | 458 | ||
| Key Terms | 458 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 458 | ||
| Hearing Disorders | 458 | ||
| Meniere’s Disease | 458 | ||
| Hearing Loss | 459 | ||
| Communication. | 459 | ||
| Hearing Aids. | 460 | ||
| Speech Disorders | 461 | ||
| Aphasia | 461 | ||
| Eye Disorders | 462 | ||
| Cataracts | 462 | ||
| Age-Related Macular Degeneration | 462 | ||
| Diabetic Retinopathy | 462 | ||
| Glaucoma | 463 | ||
| Low Vision | 463 | ||
| Impaired Vision and Blindness | 463 | ||
| Braille. | 465 | ||
| Mobility. | 466 | ||
| Corrective Lenses | 466 | ||
| Contact Lenses. | 467 | ||
| Review Questions | 468 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 468 | ||
| 33 Common Health Problems | 469 | ||
| Objectives | 469 | ||
| Key Terms | 469 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 469 | ||
| Cancer | 470 | ||
| Risk Factors | 470 | ||
| Treatment | 471 | ||
| The Person’s Needs | 471 | ||
| Musculo-Skeletal Disorders | 471 | ||
| Arthritis | 471 | ||
| Risk Factors. | 472 | ||
| Treatment. | 472 | ||
| Fractures | 473 | ||
| Hip Fractures. | 475 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 476 | ||
| Loss of Limb | 476 | ||
| Nervous System Disorders | 477 | ||
| Stroke | 477 | ||
| Parkinson’s Disease | 478 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | 478 | ||
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | 479 | ||
| Head Injuries | 479 | ||
| Spinal Cord Injury | 479 | ||
| Cardiovascular Disorders | 480 | ||
| Hypertension | 480 | ||
| Coronary Artery Disease | 480 | ||
| Angina | 481 | ||
| Myocardial Infarction | 482 | ||
| Heart Failure | 482 | ||
| Respiratory Disorders | 482 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 482 | ||
| Chronic Bronchitis. | 482 | ||
| Emphysema. | 483 | ||
| Asthma | 483 | ||
| Influenza | 483 | ||
| Pneumonia | 483 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 484 | ||
| Digestive Disorders | 484 | ||
| Vomiting | 484 | ||
| Diverticular Disease | 484 | ||
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 485 | ||
| Hepatitis | 485 | ||
| Cirrhosis | 486 | ||
| Urinary System Disorders | 486 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infections | 486 | ||
| Prostate Enlargement | 487 | ||
| Kidney Stones | 487 | ||
| Kidney Failure | 488 | ||
| Reproductive Disorders | 488 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Diseases | 488 | ||
| Endocrine Disorders | 488 | ||
| Diabetes | 488 | ||
| Types of Diabetes. | 488 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms. | 489 | ||
| Complications. | 489 | ||
| Treatment. | 489 | ||
| Immune System Disorders | 489 | ||
| Autoimmune Disorders | 489 | ||
| HIV/AIDS | 490 | ||
| Skin Disorders | 490 | ||
| Shingles | 490 | ||
| Review Questions | 492 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 492 | ||
| 34 Mental Health Disorders | 494 | ||
| Objectives | 494 | ||
| Key Terms | 494 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 494 | ||
| Basic Concepts | 495 | ||
| Anxiety Disorders | 495 | ||
| Panic Disorder | 496 | ||
| Phobias | 496 | ||
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 496 | ||
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | 496 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 497 | ||
| Bipolar Disorder | 497 | ||
| Depression | 498 | ||
| Depression in Older Persons | 498 | ||
| Personality Disorders | 498 | ||
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | 498 | ||
| Borderline Personality Disorder | 498 | ||
| Substance Use Disorder | 499 | ||
| Addiction | 500 | ||
| Treatment | 500 | ||
| Complications | 500 | ||
| Eating Disorders | 501 | ||
| Suicide | 501 | ||
| Suicide Contagion | 501 | ||
| Care and Treatment | 502 | ||
| Review Questions | 503 | ||
| 35 Confusion and Dementia | 504 | ||
| Objectives | 504 | ||
| Key Terms | 504 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 504 | ||
| Confusion | 505 | ||
| Delirium | 505 | ||
| Dementia | 506 | ||
| Alzheimer’s Disease | 506 | ||
| Signs of AD | 507 | ||
| Stages of AD | 507 | ||
| Behavior and Function Changes | 508 | ||
| Sundowning. | 508 | ||
| Hallucinations and Delusions. | 508 | ||
| Catastrophic Reactions. | 508 | ||
| Wandering and Getting Lost. | 509 | ||
| MedicAlert® + Alzheimer’s Association Safe Return®. | 509 | ||
| Agitation and Aggression. | 509 | ||
| Paranoia. | 510 | ||
| Repetitive Behaviors. | 510 | ||
| Rummaging and Hiding Things. | 510 | ||
| Changes in Intimacy and Sexuality. | 510 | ||
| Communication Changes. | 511 | ||
| Screaming. | 511 | ||
| Care of Persons With AD and Other Dementias | 512 | ||
| The Family | 516 | ||
| Validation Therapy | 517 | ||
| Review Questions | 518 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 518 | ||
| 36 Emergency Care | 519 | ||
| Objectives | 519 | ||
| Key Terms | 519 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 519 | ||
| Emergency Care | 520 | ||
| BLS for Adults | 521 | ||
| Sudden Cardiac Arrest | 521 | ||
| Chains of Survival. | 521 | ||
| Respiratory Arrest | 521 | ||
| Rescue Breathing. | 521 | ||
| Adult CPR | 521 | ||
| Chest Compressions. | 522 | ||
| Airway. | 523 | ||
| Breathing. | 523 | ||
| Mouth-to-Mouth Breathing. | 523 | ||
| Barrier Device Breathing. | 524 | ||
| Defibrillation. | 524 | ||
| Performing Adult CPR. | 525 | ||
| Hands-Only CPR. | 527 | ||
| Recovery Position | 527 | ||
| Choking | 527 | ||
| Heart Attack | 527 | ||
| Poisoning | 527 | ||
| Hemorrhage | 527 | ||
| Fainting | 528 | ||
| Shock | 528 | ||
| Anaphylactic Shock | 529 | ||
| Stroke | 529 | ||
| Seizures | 529 | ||
| Emergency Care for Seizures | 529 | ||
| Concussions | 530 | ||
| Burns | 530 | ||
| Review Questions | 532 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 532 | ||
| 37 End-of-Life Care | 533 | ||
| Objectives | 533 | ||
| Key Terms | 533 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 533 | ||
| Terminal Illness | 534 | ||
| Types of Care | 534 | ||
| Attitudes About Death | 534 | ||
| Cultural and Spiritual Needs | 534 | ||
| Age | 534 | ||
| The Stages of Dying | 535 | ||
| Comfort Needs | 535 | ||
| Physical Needs | 536 | ||
| Pain. | 536 | ||
| Breathing Problems. | 536 | ||
| Vision, Hearing, and Speech. | 536 | ||
| Mouth, Nose, and Skin. | 536 | ||
| Nutrition. | 536 | ||
| Elimination. | 536 | ||
| The Person’s Room. | 536 | ||
| Mental and Emotional Needs | 536 | ||
| The Family | 537 | ||
| Legal Issues | 537 | ||
| Advance Directives | 537 | ||
| Living Wills. | 537 | ||
| Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care. | 537 | ||
| “Do Not Resuscitate” Orders. | 537 | ||
| Signs of Death | 537 | ||
| Care of the Body After Death | 538 | ||
| Review Questions | 541 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 541 | ||
| 38 Getting a Job | 542 | ||
| Objectives | 542 | ||
| Key Terms | 542 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 542 | ||
| Sources of Jobs | 542 | ||
| What Employers Look for | 543 | ||
| Job Skills and Training | 543 | ||
| Job Applications | 543 | ||
| Completing a Job Application | 543 | ||
| The Job Interview | 546 | ||
| Types of Interviews | 546 | ||
| Preparing for the Interview | 546 | ||
| During the Interview | 548 | ||
| Questions You Cannot Be Asked | 548 | ||
| After the Interview | 549 | ||
| Accepting or Declining a Job Offer | 549 | ||
| Drug Testing | 549 | ||
| Review Questions | 550 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 550 | ||
| Review Question Answers | 551 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 11 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 12 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 13 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 14 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 15 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 16 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 17 | 551 | ||
| Chapter 18 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 19 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 21 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 22 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 23 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 24 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 25 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 26 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 27 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 28 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 29 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 30 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 31 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 32 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 33 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 34 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 35 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 36 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 37 | 552 | ||
| Chapter 38 | 552 | ||
| Appendix A | 553 | ||
| The Patient Care Partnership—Understanding Expectations, Rights, and Responsibilities (A Summary) | 553 | ||
| High-Quality Care | 553 | ||
| Clean and Safe Setting | 553 | ||
| Involvement in Care | 553 | ||
| Protection of Privacy | 553 | ||
| Preparing to Leave the Hospital | 553 | ||
| Help With Bills and Insurance Claims | 553 | ||
| Appendix B | 554 | ||
| National Nurse Aide Assessment Program (NNAAP®) Written Examination Content Outline | 554 | ||
| National Nurse Aide Assessment Program (NNAAP®) Skills Evaluation | 554 | ||
| Appendix C | 555 | ||
| Minimum Data Set: Selected Pages | 555 | ||
| Sample Pages from Functional Status Form | 555 | ||
| Glossary | 557 | ||
| A | 557 | ||
| B | 557 | ||
| C | 557 | ||
| D | 558 | ||
| E | 559 | ||
| F | 559 | ||
| G | 559 | ||
| H | 559 | ||
| I | 560 | ||
| J | 560 | ||
| K | 560 | ||
| L | 560 | ||
| M | 560 | ||
| N | 561 | ||
| O | 561 | ||
| P | 561 | ||
| Q | 562 | ||
| R | 562 | ||
| S | 562 | ||
| T | 563 | ||
| U | 563 | ||
| V | 563 | ||
| W | 564 | ||
| Key Abbreviations | 565 | ||
| Index | 567 | ||
| A | 567 | ||
| B | 568 | ||
| C | 568 | ||
| D | 569 | ||
| E | 570 | ||
| F | 571 | ||
| G | 571 | ||
| H | 571 | ||
| I | 572 | ||
| J | 572 | ||
| K | 572 | ||
| L | 572 | ||
| M | 572 | ||
| N | 573 | ||
| O | 573 | ||
| P | 574 | ||
| Q | 575 | ||
| R | 575 | ||
| S | 576 | ||
| T | 577 | ||
| U | 577 | ||
| V | 577 | ||
| W | 578 | ||
| Inside Back Cover | ibc1 | ||
| Laminated Insert | IBC2 |