BOOK
Upper Gastrointestinal Malignancies, An Issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America E-Book
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics will focus on Upper Gastrointestinal Malignancies; specifically, articles on the following: Epidemiology / Genetics, H. pylori and the gastric microbiome in gastric cancer carcinogenesis; Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer; Tumor Staging; Localized disease; Metastatic Disease; Immunotherapy Antiangiogenic therapy; and many more!
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Cover | ||
Upper GastrointestinalMalignancies\r | i | ||
Copyright\r | ii | ||
Contributors | iii | ||
CONSULTING EDITORS | iii | ||
EDITOR | iii | ||
AUTHORS | iii | ||
Contents | vii | ||
Preface: The Management of Esophagogastric Cancers Enters a New Era\r | vii | ||
Tumor Biology | vii | ||
The Gastric Microbiome and Its Influence on Gastric Carcinogenesis: Current Knowledge and Ongoing Research\r | vii | ||
Barrett Esophagus and Intramucosal Esophageal Adenocarcinoma\r | vii | ||
Management | vii | ||
Staging in Esophageal and Gastric Cancers\r | vii | ||
Management of Locally Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer: Still a Multidisciplinary Global Challenge? \r | viii | ||
The Role of Radiotherapy in Localized Esophageal and Gastric Cancer\r | viii | ||
Management of Metastatic Gastric Cancer\r | viii | ||
Emerging Targeted Therapies | viii | ||
The Evolving Role of Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Management of Gastroesophageal Cancer485 | viii | ||
Antiangiogenic Therapy in Gastroesophageal Cancer\r | ix | ||
Update on Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma Targeted Therapies\r | ix | ||
Emerging Novel Therapeutic Agents in the Treatment of Patients with Gastroesophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinoma\r | ix | ||
Future Directions in Improving Outcomes for Patients with Gastric and Esophageal Cancer\r | x | ||
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY\rCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | xi | ||
FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
August 2017 | xi | ||
October 2017 | xi | ||
RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
April 2017 | xi | ||
February 2017 | xi | ||
Preface:\rThe Management of Esophagogastric Cancers Enters a New Era | xiii | ||
Tumor Biology | A1 | ||
The Gastric Microbiome and Its Influence on Gastric Carcinogenesis | 389 | ||
Key points | 389 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 389 | ||
MICROBIOME DIVERSITY ALONG THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | 390 | ||
Gastric Bacteria | 390 | ||
Esophageal Bacteria | 391 | ||
Viruses | 392 | ||
Archaea | 393 | ||
Fungi | 393 | ||
IDENTIFICATION METHODOLOGIES FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES | 394 | ||
Experimental Approaches | 394 | ||
Computational Identification of Microbiome | 394 | ||
EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASSOCIATIONS WITH DISEASES | 395 | ||
Helicobacter pylori | 395 | ||
Epstein-Barr Virus | 396 | ||
Other | 396 | ||
MOLECULAR ASSOCIATIONS AND MECHANISMS OF TUMORIGENESIS | 396 | ||
Mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori Tumorigenicity | 396 | ||
EVIDENCE FOR PROLONGED MICROBIOME SHIFTS ASSOCIATED WITH PRIOR INFECTION WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI | 397 | ||
Epstein-Barr Virus | 398 | ||
Latent infection in gastric epithelial cells | 398 | ||
Epigenetic alterations | 398 | ||
Viral microRNAs | 398 | ||
Mechanisms of Fusobacterium sp | 399 | ||
Other Species | 399 | ||
“COMMUNITY AS PATHOGEN”—COMMUNITY DYNAMICS AND PATHOBIONTS | 399 | ||
CHALLENGES AND ONGOING RESEARCH | 401 | ||
REFERENCES | 401 | ||
Barrett Esophagus and Intramucosal Esophageal Adenocarcinoma | 409 | ||
Key points | 409 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 409 | ||
EPIDEMIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND NATURAL HISTORY OF BARRETT ESOPHAGUS | 412 | ||
PREDICTORS OF PROGRESSION (ENDOSCOPIC, HISTOLOGIC, AND MOLECULAR) | 413 | ||
SCREENING FOR BARRETT ESOPHAGUS | 414 | ||
ENDOSCOPIC SURVEILLANCE OF BARRETT ESOPHAGUS | 414 | ||
BARRETT ESOPHAGUS EVALUATION | 414 | ||
MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES IN BARRETT ESOPHAGUS | 415 | ||
MANAGEMENT OF UNDERLYING GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE | 415 | ||
CHEMOPREVENTION IN BARRETT ESOPHAGUS | 415 | ||
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs | 416 | ||
ERADICATION OF DYSPLASIA AND REDUCTION OF PROGRESSION TO ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA | 416 | ||
NONDYSPLASTIC BARRETT ESOPHAGUS | 416 | ||
BARRETT LOW-GRADE DYSPLASIA | 417 | ||
BARRETT HIGH-GRADE DYSPLASIA AND INTRAMUCOSAL ADENOCARCINOMA | 418 | ||
SUMMARY | 419 | ||
REFERENCES | 419 | ||
Staging in Esophageal and Gastric Cancers | 427 | ||
Key points | 427 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 427 | ||
STAGING OF GASTRIC AND ESOPHAGEAL TUMORS | 428 | ||
CANCER OF THE GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION | 428 | ||
STAGING INVESTIGATIONS | 431 | ||
ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND AND ENDOSCOPIC RESECTION | 431 | ||
COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY | 434 | ||
MRI | 435 | ||
PET-COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY | 435 | ||
STAGING LAPAROSCOPY | 437 | ||
SUMMARY | 437 | ||
Esophageal Cancer | 437 | ||
Gastric Cancer | 438 | ||
REFERENCES | 438 | ||
Management of Locally Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer | 441 | ||
Key points | 441 | ||
OVERVIEW AND INTRODUCTION | 442 | ||
DIFFERENCES WITHIN THE CATEGORIES GASTRIC, GASTRIC CARDIA, AND LOWER ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA: DOES LOCATION AND HISTOLOGY ... | 442 | ||
MULTIMODAL TREATMENT OPTIONS: IMPORTANCE OF CHEMOTHERAPY, RADIOTHERAPY, AND SURGERY | 443 | ||
Perioperative Chemotherapy | 443 | ||
Preoperative Chemoradiation | 444 | ||
Adjuvant Chemotherapy | 445 | ||
Adjuvant Chemoradiation | 445 | ||
OPTIONS TO IMPROVE CURRENT MULTIMODAL APPROACHES | 446 | ||
Adaptive Therapy Based on Early Response Prediction | 446 | ||
Optimization by Targeted Therapy | 447 | ||
SUMMARY | 447 | ||
REFERENCES | 450 | ||
The Role of Radiotherapy in Localized Esophageal and Gastric Cancer | 453 | ||
Key points | 453 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 453 | ||
RADIOTHERAPY IN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER | 454 | ||
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Esophageal Cancer | 454 | ||
DEFINITIVE CHEMORADIATION IN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER | 456 | ||
RADIOTHERAPY IN GASTRIC CANCER | 458 | ||
Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Gastric Cancer | 458 | ||
NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIATION IN GASTRIC CANCER | 460 | ||
RADIATION THERAPY | 462 | ||
SUMMARY | 464 | ||
REFERENCES | 465 | ||
Management of Metastatic Gastric Cancer | 469 | ||
Key points | 469 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 469 | ||
TREATMENT GOALS | 470 | ||
FIRST-LINE CHEMOTHERAPY | 472 | ||
Platinum Compounds | 472 | ||
Fluoropyrimidines | 472 | ||
Triplet Combinations with Epirubicine or Docetaxel | 473 | ||
First-Line Chemotherapy for HER2-Positive Disease | 474 | ||
Standard Treatment Regimens | 475 | ||
SECOND-LINE CHEMOTHERAPY | 475 | ||
SPECIAL SITUATIONS | 478 | ||
Synchronous Metastases | 478 | ||
Metastatectomy | 479 | ||
Peritonectomy | 479 | ||
SUMMARY AND PRACTICAL CONCLUSION | 479 | ||
REFERENCES | 479 | ||
Emerging Targeted Therapies | A5 | ||
The Evolving Role of Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Management of Gastroesophageal Cancer | 485 | ||
Key points | 485 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 485 | ||
RATIONALE FOR INVESTIGATING CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS IN GASTROESOPHAGEAL CANCER | 486 | ||
High Somatic Burden | 487 | ||
Chronic Inflammation | 487 | ||
Genomic Instability | 487 | ||
Infection | 487 | ||
PROGRAMMED DEATH LIGAND 1 EXPRESSION IN ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC CANCER | 488 | ||
PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS TO GUIDE USE OF CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS IN GASTROESOPHAGEAL CANCER | 488 | ||
Programmed Death Ligand 1/Programmed Death Ligand 2 Status | 488 | ||
Mononuclear Inflammatory Score | 488 | ||
Gene Signatures | 489 | ||
EFFICACY OF PROGRAMMED DEATH-1/PROGRAMMED DEATH LIGAND 1 INHIBITORS IN GASTROESOPHAGEAL CANCER | 489 | ||
Pembrolizumab (Programmed Death-1 Inhibitor) | 489 | ||
Nivolumab (Programmed Death-1 Inhibitor) | 490 | ||
Avelumab (Programmed Death Ligand 1 Inhibitor) | 490 | ||
Durvalumab (Programmed Death Ligand 1 Inhibitor) | 491 | ||
EFFICACY OF CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTE ASSOCIATED-4 INHIBITORS IN GASTROESOPHAGEAL CANCER | 491 | ||
Ipilimumab or Tremelimumab | 491 | ||
ADJUVANT STUDIES | 491 | ||
SUMMARY | 495 | ||
REFERENCES | 496 | ||
Antiangiogenic Therapy in Gastroesophageal Cancer | 499 | ||
Key points | 499 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 499 | ||
ANGIOGENESIS PATHWAY | 500 | ||
INHIBITION OF THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AXIS VIA MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES | 500 | ||
Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Monoclonal Antibody | 500 | ||
Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Monoclonal Antibody | 503 | ||
Second-line setting | 503 | ||
First-line setting | 503 | ||
TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITION OF THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AXIS | 504 | ||
Apatinib in Third-Line Setting | 504 | ||
Regorafenib in Second-/Third-Line Setting | 504 | ||
LOCALLY ADVANCED DISEASE | 505 | ||
ONGOING AREAS OF RESEARCH AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 505 | ||
Combination with Immune Checkpoint Therapy | 505 | ||
Combination with Anti–Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Therapy | 506 | ||
Predictive Biomarkers | 506 | ||
REFERENCES | 508 | ||
Update on Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma Targeted Therapies | 511 | ||
Key points | 511 | ||
BACKGROUND | 511 | ||
ERBB2 | 512 | ||
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor | 517 | ||
MET | 518 | ||
SUMMARY | 521 | ||
REFERENCES | 522 | ||
Emerging Novel Therapeutic Agents in the Treatment of Patients with Gastroesophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinoma | 529 | ||
Key points | 529 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 529 | ||
FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2 INHIBITORS | 530 | ||
AZD4547 | 530 | ||
Resistance to Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Inhibitors | 533 | ||
Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor in Traztuzumab Resistance | 533 | ||
CANCER STEM CELLS | 533 | ||
Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 Inhibitors | 533 | ||
OPB-31121 | 538 | ||
OPB-51602 | 538 | ||
Napabucasin (BBI608) | 538 | ||
Combination study of napabucasin (BBI-608) and weekly paclitaxel | 538 | ||
CLDN18.2 INHIBITORS | 539 | ||
MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE INHIBITORS | 540 | ||
Marimastat | 541 | ||
Specific Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Inhibitors | 541 | ||
SUMMARY | 542 | ||
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 542 | ||
REFERENCES | 542 | ||
Future Directions in Improving Outcomes for Patients with Gastric and Esophageal Cancer | 545 | ||
Key points | 545 | ||
INTRODUCTION | 545 | ||
DISEASE PREVENTION | 546 | ||
MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASE | 547 | ||
IMPROVE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED DISEASE | 548 | ||
Integration of Targeted Therapies | 549 | ||
Application of Novel Imaging to Identify Response | 549 | ||
SUMMARY | 550 | ||
REFERENCES | 550 | ||
Index | 553 |