BOOK
Upper Gastrointestinal Malignancies, An Issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America E-Book
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Hematology/Oncology Clinics will focus on Upper Gastrointestinal Malignancies; specifically, articles on the following: Epidemiology / Genetics, H. pylori and the gastric microbiome in gastric cancer carcinogenesis; Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer; Tumor Staging; Localized disease; Metastatic Disease; Immunotherapy Antiangiogenic therapy; and many more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Upper GastrointestinalMalignancies\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITORS | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Preface: The Management of Esophagogastric Cancers Enters a New Era\r | vii | ||
| Tumor Biology | vii | ||
| The Gastric Microbiome and Its Influence on Gastric Carcinogenesis: Current Knowledge and Ongoing Research\r | vii | ||
| Barrett Esophagus and Intramucosal Esophageal Adenocarcinoma\r | vii | ||
| Management | vii | ||
| Staging in Esophageal and Gastric Cancers\r | vii | ||
| Management of Locally Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer: Still a Multidisciplinary Global Challenge? \r | viii | ||
| The Role of Radiotherapy in Localized Esophageal and Gastric Cancer\r | viii | ||
| Management of Metastatic Gastric Cancer\r | viii | ||
| Emerging Targeted Therapies | viii | ||
| The Evolving Role of Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Management of Gastroesophageal Cancer485 | viii | ||
| Antiangiogenic Therapy in Gastroesophageal Cancer\r | ix | ||
| Update on Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma Targeted Therapies\r | ix | ||
| Emerging Novel Therapeutic Agents in the Treatment of Patients with Gastroesophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinoma\r | ix | ||
| Future Directions in Improving Outcomes for Patients with Gastric and Esophageal Cancer\r | x | ||
| HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY\rCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | xi | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xi | ||
| August 2017 | xi | ||
| October 2017 | xi | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xi | ||
| April 2017 | xi | ||
| February 2017 | xi | ||
| Preface:\rThe Management of Esophagogastric Cancers Enters a New Era | xiii | ||
| Tumor Biology | A1 | ||
| The Gastric Microbiome and Its Influence on Gastric Carcinogenesis | 389 | ||
| Key points | 389 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 389 | ||
| MICROBIOME DIVERSITY ALONG THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | 390 | ||
| Gastric Bacteria | 390 | ||
| Esophageal Bacteria | 391 | ||
| Viruses | 392 | ||
| Archaea | 393 | ||
| Fungi | 393 | ||
| IDENTIFICATION METHODOLOGIES FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES | 394 | ||
| Experimental Approaches | 394 | ||
| Computational Identification of Microbiome | 394 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASSOCIATIONS WITH DISEASES | 395 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori | 395 | ||
| Epstein-Barr Virus | 396 | ||
| Other | 396 | ||
| MOLECULAR ASSOCIATIONS AND MECHANISMS OF TUMORIGENESIS | 396 | ||
| Mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori Tumorigenicity | 396 | ||
| EVIDENCE FOR PROLONGED MICROBIOME SHIFTS ASSOCIATED WITH PRIOR INFECTION WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI | 397 | ||
| Epstein-Barr Virus | 398 | ||
| Latent infection in gastric epithelial cells | 398 | ||
| Epigenetic alterations | 398 | ||
| Viral microRNAs | 398 | ||
| Mechanisms of Fusobacterium sp | 399 | ||
| Other Species | 399 | ||
| “COMMUNITY AS PATHOGEN”—COMMUNITY DYNAMICS AND PATHOBIONTS | 399 | ||
| CHALLENGES AND ONGOING RESEARCH | 401 | ||
| REFERENCES | 401 | ||
| Barrett Esophagus and Intramucosal Esophageal Adenocarcinoma | 409 | ||
| Key points | 409 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 409 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY, GENETICS, AND NATURAL HISTORY OF BARRETT ESOPHAGUS | 412 | ||
| PREDICTORS OF PROGRESSION (ENDOSCOPIC, HISTOLOGIC, AND MOLECULAR) | 413 | ||
| SCREENING FOR BARRETT ESOPHAGUS | 414 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC SURVEILLANCE OF BARRETT ESOPHAGUS | 414 | ||
| BARRETT ESOPHAGUS EVALUATION | 414 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES IN BARRETT ESOPHAGUS | 415 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF UNDERLYING GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE | 415 | ||
| CHEMOPREVENTION IN BARRETT ESOPHAGUS | 415 | ||
| Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs | 416 | ||
| ERADICATION OF DYSPLASIA AND REDUCTION OF PROGRESSION TO ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA | 416 | ||
| NONDYSPLASTIC BARRETT ESOPHAGUS | 416 | ||
| BARRETT LOW-GRADE DYSPLASIA | 417 | ||
| BARRETT HIGH-GRADE DYSPLASIA AND INTRAMUCOSAL ADENOCARCINOMA | 418 | ||
| SUMMARY | 419 | ||
| REFERENCES | 419 | ||
| Staging in Esophageal and Gastric Cancers | 427 | ||
| Key points | 427 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 427 | ||
| STAGING OF GASTRIC AND ESOPHAGEAL TUMORS | 428 | ||
| CANCER OF THE GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION | 428 | ||
| STAGING INVESTIGATIONS | 431 | ||
| ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND AND ENDOSCOPIC RESECTION | 431 | ||
| COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY | 434 | ||
| MRI | 435 | ||
| PET-COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY | 435 | ||
| STAGING LAPAROSCOPY | 437 | ||
| SUMMARY | 437 | ||
| Esophageal Cancer | 437 | ||
| Gastric Cancer | 438 | ||
| REFERENCES | 438 | ||
| Management of Locally Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer | 441 | ||
| Key points | 441 | ||
| OVERVIEW AND INTRODUCTION | 442 | ||
| DIFFERENCES WITHIN THE CATEGORIES GASTRIC, GASTRIC CARDIA, AND LOWER ESOPHAGEAL ADENOCARCINOMA: DOES LOCATION AND HISTOLOGY ... | 442 | ||
| MULTIMODAL TREATMENT OPTIONS: IMPORTANCE OF CHEMOTHERAPY, RADIOTHERAPY, AND SURGERY | 443 | ||
| Perioperative Chemotherapy | 443 | ||
| Preoperative Chemoradiation | 444 | ||
| Adjuvant Chemotherapy | 445 | ||
| Adjuvant Chemoradiation | 445 | ||
| OPTIONS TO IMPROVE CURRENT MULTIMODAL APPROACHES | 446 | ||
| Adaptive Therapy Based on Early Response Prediction | 446 | ||
| Optimization by Targeted Therapy | 447 | ||
| SUMMARY | 447 | ||
| REFERENCES | 450 | ||
| The Role of Radiotherapy in Localized Esophageal and Gastric Cancer | 453 | ||
| Key points | 453 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 453 | ||
| RADIOTHERAPY IN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER | 454 | ||
| Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Esophageal Cancer | 454 | ||
| DEFINITIVE CHEMORADIATION IN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER | 456 | ||
| RADIOTHERAPY IN GASTRIC CANCER | 458 | ||
| Adjuvant Chemoradiation in Gastric Cancer | 458 | ||
| NEOADJUVANT CHEMORADIATION IN GASTRIC CANCER | 460 | ||
| RADIATION THERAPY | 462 | ||
| SUMMARY | 464 | ||
| REFERENCES | 465 | ||
| Management of Metastatic Gastric Cancer | 469 | ||
| Key points | 469 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 469 | ||
| TREATMENT GOALS | 470 | ||
| FIRST-LINE CHEMOTHERAPY | 472 | ||
| Platinum Compounds | 472 | ||
| Fluoropyrimidines | 472 | ||
| Triplet Combinations with Epirubicine or Docetaxel | 473 | ||
| First-Line Chemotherapy for HER2-Positive Disease | 474 | ||
| Standard Treatment Regimens | 475 | ||
| SECOND-LINE CHEMOTHERAPY | 475 | ||
| SPECIAL SITUATIONS | 478 | ||
| Synchronous Metastases | 478 | ||
| Metastatectomy | 479 | ||
| Peritonectomy | 479 | ||
| SUMMARY AND PRACTICAL CONCLUSION | 479 | ||
| REFERENCES | 479 | ||
| Emerging Targeted Therapies | A5 | ||
| The Evolving Role of Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Management of Gastroesophageal Cancer | 485 | ||
| Key points | 485 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 485 | ||
| RATIONALE FOR INVESTIGATING CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS IN GASTROESOPHAGEAL CANCER | 486 | ||
| High Somatic Burden | 487 | ||
| Chronic Inflammation | 487 | ||
| Genomic Instability | 487 | ||
| Infection | 487 | ||
| PROGRAMMED DEATH LIGAND 1 EXPRESSION IN ESOPHAGEAL AND GASTRIC CANCER | 488 | ||
| PREDICTIVE BIOMARKERS TO GUIDE USE OF CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS IN GASTROESOPHAGEAL CANCER | 488 | ||
| Programmed Death Ligand 1/Programmed Death Ligand 2 Status | 488 | ||
| Mononuclear Inflammatory Score | 488 | ||
| Gene Signatures | 489 | ||
| EFFICACY OF PROGRAMMED DEATH-1/PROGRAMMED DEATH LIGAND 1 INHIBITORS IN GASTROESOPHAGEAL CANCER | 489 | ||
| Pembrolizumab (Programmed Death-1 Inhibitor) | 489 | ||
| Nivolumab (Programmed Death-1 Inhibitor) | 490 | ||
| Avelumab (Programmed Death Ligand 1 Inhibitor) | 490 | ||
| Durvalumab (Programmed Death Ligand 1 Inhibitor) | 491 | ||
| EFFICACY OF CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTE ASSOCIATED-4 INHIBITORS IN GASTROESOPHAGEAL CANCER | 491 | ||
| Ipilimumab or Tremelimumab | 491 | ||
| ADJUVANT STUDIES | 491 | ||
| SUMMARY | 495 | ||
| REFERENCES | 496 | ||
| Antiangiogenic Therapy in Gastroesophageal Cancer | 499 | ||
| Key points | 499 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 499 | ||
| ANGIOGENESIS PATHWAY | 500 | ||
| INHIBITION OF THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AXIS VIA MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES | 500 | ||
| Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Monoclonal Antibody | 500 | ||
| Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Monoclonal Antibody | 503 | ||
| Second-line setting | 503 | ||
| First-line setting | 503 | ||
| TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITION OF THE VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR AXIS | 504 | ||
| Apatinib in Third-Line Setting | 504 | ||
| Regorafenib in Second-/Third-Line Setting | 504 | ||
| LOCALLY ADVANCED DISEASE | 505 | ||
| ONGOING AREAS OF RESEARCH AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 505 | ||
| Combination with Immune Checkpoint Therapy | 505 | ||
| Combination with Anti–Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Therapy | 506 | ||
| Predictive Biomarkers | 506 | ||
| REFERENCES | 508 | ||
| Update on Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma Targeted Therapies | 511 | ||
| Key points | 511 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 511 | ||
| ERBB2 | 512 | ||
| Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor | 517 | ||
| MET | 518 | ||
| SUMMARY | 521 | ||
| REFERENCES | 522 | ||
| Emerging Novel Therapeutic Agents in the Treatment of Patients with Gastroesophageal and Gastric Adenocarcinoma | 529 | ||
| Key points | 529 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 529 | ||
| FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2 INHIBITORS | 530 | ||
| AZD4547 | 530 | ||
| Resistance to Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 Inhibitors | 533 | ||
| Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor in Traztuzumab Resistance | 533 | ||
| CANCER STEM CELLS | 533 | ||
| Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 Inhibitors | 533 | ||
| OPB-31121 | 538 | ||
| OPB-51602 | 538 | ||
| Napabucasin (BBI608) | 538 | ||
| Combination study of napabucasin (BBI-608) and weekly paclitaxel | 538 | ||
| CLDN18.2 INHIBITORS | 539 | ||
| MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE INHIBITORS | 540 | ||
| Marimastat | 541 | ||
| Specific Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Inhibitors | 541 | ||
| SUMMARY | 542 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 542 | ||
| REFERENCES | 542 | ||
| Future Directions in Improving Outcomes for Patients with Gastric and Esophageal Cancer | 545 | ||
| Key points | 545 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 545 | ||
| DISEASE PREVENTION | 546 | ||
| MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASE | 547 | ||
| IMPROVE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH LOCALLY ADVANCED DISEASE | 548 | ||
| Integration of Targeted Therapies | 549 | ||
| Application of Novel Imaging to Identify Response | 549 | ||
| SUMMARY | 550 | ||
| REFERENCES | 550 | ||
| Index | 553 |