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Lung Cancer, An Issue of PET Clinics, E-Book

Lung Cancer, An Issue of PET Clinics, E-Book

Gang Cheng | Timothy Akhurst

(2017)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

This issue of PET Clinics focuses on Lung Cancer, and is edited by Drs. Gang Cheng and Timothy Akhurst. Articles will include: FDG PET/CT for lung cancer staging; Lung neoplasms with low FDG avidity; FDG PET/CT evaluation of lung cancer in populations with high prevalence of granulomatous disease; Prognostic value of FDG PET/CT; Genomic characterization of lung cancer and its impact on the use and timing of PET in therapeutic response assessment; Treatment planning for radiation therapy; Future directions of PET imaging for lung cancer; PET for RT-planning in lung cancer; Genomic characterization of lung cancer and its impact on the use and timing of PET in therapeutic response assessment; and more!

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Lung Cancer\r i
Copyright\r ii
Contributors iii
CONSULTING EDITOR iii
EDITORS iii
AUTHORS iii
Contents v
Preface: Lung Cancer v
Staging of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer v
Lung Neoplasms with Low F18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Avidity v
18F-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose PET/Computed Tomography Evaluation of Lung Cancer in Populations with High Prevalence of Tuber ... v
Genomic Characterization of Lung Cancer and Its Impact on the Use and Timing of PET in Therapeutic Response Assessment v
Treatment Planning for Radiation Therapy vi
Prognostic Value of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/Computed Tomography in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer vi
Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer PET Imaging Beyond F18 Fluorodeoxyglucose vi
Future Directions in PET Imaging of Lung Cancer vi
Improved Detection of Small Pulmonary Nodules Through Simultaneous MR/PET Imaging vii
Practical Considerations for Clinical PET/MR Imaging vii
Diagnostic Imaging and Newer Modalities for Thoracic Diseases: PET/Computed Tomographic Imaging and Endobronchial Ultrasoun ... vii
PET CLINICS\r viii
FORTHCOMING ISSUES viii
April 2018 viii
July 2018 viii
October 2018 viii
RECENT ISSUES viii
October 2017 viii
July 2017 viii
April 2017 viii
CME Accreditation Page ix
PROGRAM OBJECTIVE ix
TARGET AUDIENCE ix
LEARNING OBJECTIVES ix
ACCREDITATION ix
DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST ix
UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE ix
TO ENROLL ix
METHOD OF PARTICIPATION x
CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS x
Preface:\rLung Cancer xi
Staging of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer 1
Key points 1
TNM CLASSIFICATION 1
T STATUS 1
PRIMARY TUMOR 2
NODAL DISEASE 3
STAGING OF NEWLY DIAGNOSED NON–SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER 3
COMMENTS 4
THE ROLE OF PET WITH FLUDEOXYGLUCOSE F 18 COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANNING IN STAGING PATIENTS WITH LUNG CANCER 4
Nodal Disease 5
Endoscopic Transbronchial Ultrasound Examination 8
Comment 9
The Importance of Biopsy 9
SUMMARY 9
REFERENCES 9
Lung Neoplasms with Low F18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Avidity 11
Key points 11
PATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL STAGE 12
SIZE OF LESION 14
SUBSOLID NODULES 15
LOW F18-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE AVIDITY AS A PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATION 15
SUMMARY 16
REFERENCES 16
18F-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-d-Glucose PET/Computed Tomography Evaluation of Lung Cancer in Populations with High Prevalence of Tuber ... 19
Key points 19
INTRODUCTION 19
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS OF LUNG CANCER 20
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS OF TUBERCULOSIS 20
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSIS IN RELATION TO 18F-FLUORO-2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE UPTAKE 20
-GLUCOSE PET/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF LUNG CANCER 21
-GLUCOSE PET/COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS 23
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: THE GREATER MIMICKER OF LUNG CANCER 25
OTHER INFECTIOUS/INFLAMMATORY LESIONS MIMICKING MALIGNANCY 27
SUMMARY 28
REFERENCES 29
Genomic Characterization of Lung Cancer and Its Impact on the Use and Timing of PET in Therapeutic Response Assessment 33
Key points 33
INTRODUCTION 33
THE GENOMIC LANDSCAPE OF NON–SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER 34
Genotypes with Available Targeted Therapies 34
Implications of Clonal Evolution and Intratumor Heterogeneity in Drug Resistance 35
Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in ALK Rearranged Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer 36
RESPONSE ASSESSMENT CRITERIA IN LUNG CANCER 36
Limitations of Conventional Response Assessment Criteria in Lung Cancer 37
Metabolic Response Criteria 37
Immune-Related Response Criteria 37
Beyond 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose: Newer PET Tracers 37
Timing of PET in Therapeutic Response Assessment in Lung Cancer 38
PET DETECTION OF OLIGOPROGRESSIVE DISEASE 39
SUMMARY 39
REFERENCES 40
Treatment Planning for Radiation Therapy 43
Key points 43
INTRODUCTION 43
WHAT PATIENTS ARE SUITABLE FOR CURATIVE-INTENT RADIATION THERAPY? 44
Disease-Related Factors 44
Patient Factors 46
USE OF IMAGING IN STAGING AND SELECTING PATIENTS FOR CURATIVE-INTENT RADIATION THERAPY 46
Mediastinal Nodal Staging 47
Determination of Local Tumor Extent 47
Detection of Distant Metastasis 47
Impact of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose–PET on overall management strategy of patients with non–small cell lung cancer with radiat ... 49
Timeliness of treatment-planning PET/computed tomography scans 49
Use of PET for Target Volume Definition in Lung Cancer 49
Response-Adapted Therapy and Targeting of Tumor Subvolumes 50
NORMAL TISSUES WITH PET 52
SUMMARY 53
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 53
REFERENCES 53
Prognostic Value of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/Computed Tomography in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer 59
Key points 59
MAXIMUM STANDARDIZED UPTAKE VALUE AS A NON–SMALL-CELL LUNG CANCER PROGNOSTICATOR 60
Pretreatment Maximum Standardized Uptake Value 60
Preoperative maximum standardized uptake value 60
Preradiation maximum standardized uptake value 61
Prechemotherapy maximum standardized uptake value 61
Posttreatment Maximum Standardized Uptake Value as an Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Prognosticator 61
Maximum standardized uptake value in postinduction/early response 61
Maximum standardized uptake value postradiation/posttreatment 62
Maximum Standardized Uptake Value Controversies 62
BETTER PROGNOSTICATORS 63
Pretreatment Metabolic Tumor Volume and Total Lesion Glycolysis are Prognostic 63
Posttreatment Metabolic Tumor Volume and Total Lesion Glycolysis are Prognostic 63
Volume-Based PET Parameters are Better than Maximum Standardized Uptake Value 64
F-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE–PET PARAMETERS 64
Changes of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Activity as Prognostic Markers 64
Background Activity–Based PET Metrics as Prognostic Markers 65
THERAPY RESPONSE CRITERIA 65
OF QUANTITATIVE PET PARAMETERS 67
SUMMARY 68
REFERENCES 68
Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer PET Imaging Beyond F18 Fluorodeoxyglucose 73
Key points 73
INTRODUCTION 73
TRACERS IN PULMONARY NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS 74
PET IMAGING OF TUMOR PROLIFERATION 74
PET IMAGING OF HYPOXIA 75
PET IMAGING OF ANGIOGENESIS 76
PET TRACERS FOR TARGETED THERAPIES 77
SUMMARY 79
REFERENCES 79
Future Directions in PET Imaging of Lung Cancer 83
Key points 83
INTRODUCTION 83
INFLAMMATION OR TUMOR? 83
PRETREATMENT RESPONSE PREDICTION 84
INTEGRATION OF FUNCTIONAL IMAGING INTO CLINICAL TRIALS 84
ALTERNATIVE APPROVAL AND FUNDING FOR NOVEL PET AGENTS 85
NEW INSTRUMENTATION 86
THERANOSTICS 86
SUMMARY 87
REFERENCES 87
Improved Detection of Small Pulmonary Nodules Through Simultaneous MR/PET Imaging 89
Key points 89
INTRODUCTION 89
LUNG MOTION CORRECTION IN MAGNETIC RESONANCE/PET: PREVIOUS LIMITATIONS 90
Retrospective Motion Correction for Magnetic Resonance/PET Data 90
Prospective Motion Correction for Magnetic Resonance/PET Data 90
METHODS 91
RESULTS 92
DISCUSSION 93
REFERENCES 93
Practical Considerations for Clinical PET/MR Imaging 97
Key points 97
WORKFLOW, PROTOCOLLING, REPORTING AND BILLING 97
MR IMAGING AND RADIATION SAFETY 99
WHOLE-BODY PET/MR IMAGING ACQUISITION 100
Comparison of Whole-Body PET/MR Imaging and PET/Computed Tomography Protocols 101
Sequences 103
Tailoring PET/MR Imaging to the Clinical Application 105
DEDICATED REGIONAL MR IMAGING 105
PET PROTOCOL 106
ARTIFACTS AND PITFALLS 109
SUMMARY 110
REFERENCES 110
Diagnostic Imaging and Newer Modalities for Thoracic Diseases 113
Key points 113
INTRODUCTION 113
NONINVASIVE MODALITIES 113
Computed Tomographic Scans 113
Computed tomographic scans in assessing pulmonary nodules 115
Computed tomographic scan in assessing regional lymph nodes 116
Integrated PET with Computed Tomography 116
Integrated PET/computed tomography to evaluate the primary lesion 116
Integrated PET/computed tomographic scans to evaluate lymph node involvement 117
Integrated PET/computed tomographic scans to delineate metastases 118
Future advances in integrated PET/computed tomographic imaging 118
INVASIVE EVALUATION 118
Computed Tomographic Imaging to Guide Percutaneous Biopsies 119
Endoscopically Directed Biopsies 119
Endobronchial Ultrasound 120
Endoscopic Ultrasound 121
Endobronchial Ultrasound Combined with Esophageal Ultrasound 121
Electromagnetic Navigational Bronchoscopy 122
DISCUSSION 122
SUMMARY 122
REFERENCES 122