BOOK
The Airway and Exercise, An Issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2018)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Immunology and Allergy Clinics, guest edited by Drs. J. Tod Olin and James H. Hull, is devoted to Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm and Laryngeal Disorders. Articles in this outstanding issue include: Exercise and the Airway: A Call to Action; Exercise and Sinonasal Disease; Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction History Background; Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction Diagnostics; Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction Speech Speech-language Interventions; Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction Performance Psychology Interventions; Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction Surgical Interventions; Excessive Dynamic Airways Collapse (EDAC); Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm Background Prevalence Sport Considerations; Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm Mechanism / Biomarkers; Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm and Environment; Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm Testing; Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm Pharm Therapies with an Eye Towards Athletes; Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm Non- Pharm; and The Future of EIB and Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| The Airway and\rExercise\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITORS | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword: Exercise-Induced Airway Dysfunction in Athletes | vii | ||
| Preface: Exercise and the Total Airway: A Call to Action | vii | ||
| Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction | vii | ||
| Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction and the Air We Breathe | vii | ||
| Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction: Background, Prevalence, and Sport Considerations | vii | ||
| Testing for Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction | viii | ||
| Pharmacologic Strategies for Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm with a Focus on Athletes | viii | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Strategies to Manage Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction | viii | ||
| Exercise and Sinonasal Disease | viii | ||
| Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction—An Overview | ix | ||
| Working Towards a Common Transatlantic Approach for Evaluation of Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction | ix | ||
| Speech-Language Pathology as a Primary Treatment for Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction | ix | ||
| Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction and Performance Psychology: Using the Mind as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target | ix | ||
| Surgical Intervention for Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction | x | ||
| Exertional Dyspnea and Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse | x | ||
| The Future of Exertional Respiratory Problems: What Do We Know About the Total Airway Approach and What Do We Need to Know? | x | ||
| Food Allergy Point of Care Pearls | xi | ||
| IMMUNOLOGYAND ALLERGY\rCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | xii | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | xii | ||
| August 2018 | xii | ||
| November 2018 | xii | ||
| February 2019 | xii | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | xii | ||
| February 2018 | xii | ||
| November 2017 | xii | ||
| August 2017 | xii | ||
| Foreword:\rExercise-Induced Airway Dysfunction in Athletes | xiii | ||
| Preface:\rExercise and the Total Airway: A Call to Action | xv | ||
| REFERENCES | xviii | ||
| Mechanisms and Biomarkers of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction | 165 | ||
| Key points | 165 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 165 | ||
| CONDITIONING THE AIR INSPIRED DURING EXERCISE | 166 | ||
| Heat Loss as a Stimulus to Airway Narrowing | 166 | ||
| Water Loss as a Stimulus to Airway Narrowing | 167 | ||
| Temperature as a Modulator of Time Course and Severity of Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction | 168 | ||
| EPITHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN EXERCISE-INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION | 168 | ||
| Breaking Through the Epithelial Barrier | 169 | ||
| Disturbance of the Airway Surface Liquid | 169 | ||
| Mucus Dysfunction | 170 | ||
| Epithelial Damage Restitution | 170 | ||
| LEUKOCYTE ACTIVATION AS A FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISM OF EXERCISE-INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION | 170 | ||
| The Acute Response | 170 | ||
| The Cellular and Molecular Phenotype Associated with Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction | 171 | ||
| Refractoriness to Repeated Exercise | 174 | ||
| NEUROGENIC FACTORS AND EXERCISE-INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION | 174 | ||
| Sensory Nerve Activation | 174 | ||
| THE ROLE OF REGIONAL ALTERATIONS IN THE AIRWAYS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXERCISE-INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION | 176 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 176 | ||
| REFERENCES | 176 | ||
| Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction | 205 | ||
| Key points | 205 | ||
| BACKGROUND | 205 | ||
| PREVALENCE | 207 | ||
| SPORT CONSIDERATIONS | 209 | ||
| SUMMARY | 211 | ||
| REFERENCES | 211 | ||
| Testing for Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction | 215 | ||
| Key points | 215 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 215 | ||
| MECHANISMS OF BRONCHIAL PROVOCATION TESTS TO IDENTIFY EXERCISE-INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION | 217 | ||
| Indirect Bronchial Provocation Tests | 217 | ||
| Direct Bronchial Provocation Tests | 218 | ||
| BRONCHIAL PROVOCATION TESTS FOR EXERCISE-INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION: COMMON FEATURES AND CONSIDERATIONS | 219 | ||
| LABORATORY EXERCISE PROVOCATION | 223 | ||
| EUCAPNIC VOLUNTARY HYPERPNEA | 224 | ||
| MANNITOL BRONCHIAL PROVOCATION TEST | 226 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE INVESTIGATIONS | 226 | ||
| REFERENCES | 227 | ||
| Pharmacologic Strategies for Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm with a Focus on Athletes | 231 | ||
| Key points | 231 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 231 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY FOR EXERCISE-INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION | 232 | ||
| Short-Acting Beta2 Agonists: First-Line Therapy for Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction | 233 | ||
| Alternative First-Line Therapies and Additions to Short-Acting Beta-Agonist Therapy | 233 | ||
| Inhaled corticosteroids | 233 | ||
| Long-acting beta2 agonists | 234 | ||
| Leukotriene receptor antagonists and 5-lipoxyenase inhibitors | 234 | ||
| MAST CELL STABILIZING AGENTS | 235 | ||
| ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENTS | 235 | ||
| SCIENTIFIC EXPERIENCE WITH MULTIDRUG THERAPY FOR EXERCISE-INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION | 236 | ||
| APPROACH TO PATIENTS WITH DIFFICULT-TO-MANAGE EXERCISE-INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION | 236 | ||
| EXERCISE-INDUCED BRONCHOCONSTRICTION THERAPY STRATIFIED BY ENDO-TYPE | 237 | ||
| TREATMENT OF ACUTE EXACERBATION IN ELITE ATHLETES AND THE DOPING PERSPECTIVE | 238 | ||
| SUMMARY | 238 | ||
| REFERENCES | 238 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Strategies to Manage Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction | 245 | ||
| Key points | 245 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 245 | ||
| PRE-EXERCISE WARM-UP | 246 | ||
| AVOIDANCE OF TRIGGERS | 246 | ||
| Heat and Moisture Exchanger Face Masks | 246 | ||
| Air Pollution | 248 | ||
| Swimming | 248 | ||
| DIETARY STRATEGIES | 249 | ||
| Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation | 249 | ||
| Caffeine | 250 | ||
| Vitamins and Antioxidants | 251 | ||
| STRATEGIES TO REDUCE PERCEPTION OF EXERTIONAL DYSPNEA | 251 | ||
| Breathing Control | 251 | ||
| Respiratory Muscle Training | 252 | ||
| SUMMARY AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 252 | ||
| REFERENCES | 253 | ||
| Exercise and Sinonasal Disease | 259 | ||
| Key points | 259 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 259 | ||
| PREVALENCE OF SINO-NASAL DISEASE IN ATHLETES AND DISEASE SUBTYPES | 260 | ||
| Infectious Rhinitis in Athletes | 260 | ||
| Allergic Rhinitis in Athletes | 261 | ||
| Nonallergic/Noninfectious Rhinitis and Exercise-Induced Rhinitis in Athletes | 261 | ||
| Rhinosinusitis in Athletes | 262 | ||
| MECHANISMS LEADING TO EXERCISE-INDUCED RHINITIS | 262 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF SINO-NASAL DISEASE IN ATHLETES | 262 | ||
| TREATMENT OF SINO-NASAL DISEASE IN ATHLETES | 263 | ||
| Avoidance of Environmental Triggers | 263 | ||
| Antihistamines and Mast Cell Stabilizers | 264 | ||
| Antileukotrienes | 265 | ||
| Intranasal Corticosteroids | 265 | ||
| Decongestants | 265 | ||
| Immunotherapy | 265 | ||
| SUMMARY | 265 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 266 | ||
| REFERENCES | 266 | ||
| Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction—An Overview | 271 | ||
| Key points | 271 | ||
| BACKGROUND AND HISTORICAL OVERVIEW | 271 | ||
| NOMENCLATURE | 273 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 273 | ||
| NORMAL UPPER AIRWAY FUNCTION AND PROPOSED EXERCISE-INDUCED LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 273 | ||
| SUMMARY | 277 | ||
| REFERENCES | 278 | ||
| Working Towards a Common Transatlantic Approach for Evaluation of Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction | 281 | ||
| Key points | 281 | ||
| PRESENTATION AND HISTORY | 283 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF EXERTIONAL DYSPNEA WITH A FOCUS ON EXERCISE-INDUCED LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION | 284 | ||
| SPIROMETRY AND BRONCHOPROVOCATION TESTS | 284 | ||
| RESTING LARYNGOSCOPY | 285 | ||
| EXERCISE LARYNGOSCOPY | 285 | ||
| CONTINUOUS LARYNGOSCOPY DURING EXERCISE | 285 | ||
| PROCEDURAL CONSIDERATIONS | 286 | ||
| Exercise Mode | 287 | ||
| Protocol Considerations | 287 | ||
| Data Interpretation: What Is Normal? | 287 | ||
| Anatomic Descriptions of Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction | 287 | ||
| Thresholds of Disease | 288 | ||
| Reporting Findings | 288 | ||
| Why Has Continuous Laryngoscopy During Exercise Been Slowly Integrated into Clinical Care? | 288 | ||
| AREAS FOR FUTURE GROWTH | 288 | ||
| SUMMARY | 289 | ||
| REFERENCES | 289 | ||
| Speech-Language Pathology as a Primary Treatment for Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction | 293 | ||
| Key points | 293 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 293 | ||
| TREATMENT OVERVIEW | 294 | ||
| Education and Reassurance | 294 | ||
| Traditional Rescue Breathing: Pursed Lip Breathing and Laryngeal Control Therapy | 295 | ||
| Relaxation Techniques | 298 | ||
| ADDITIONAL TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR REFRACTORY EXERCISE-INDUCED LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION | 298 | ||
| Inspiratory Muscle Training | 299 | ||
| Biofeedback | 299 | ||
| Heliox | 299 | ||
| FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS | 300 | ||
| SUMMARY | 300 | ||
| REFERENCES | 300 | ||
| Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction and Performance Psychology | 303 | ||
| Key points | 303 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 303 | ||
| CASE 1 | 304 | ||
| CASE 2 | 305 | ||
| BEHAVIORAL HEALTH DOMAINS AND EXERCISE-INDUCED LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION | 305 | ||
| MENTAL HEALTH CONCERNS: DID EARLY LITERATURE MISREPRESENT PATIENTS WITH EXERCISE-INDUCED LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION? | 305 | ||
| PERSONALITY TYPES | 306 | ||
| BELIEFS, ATTRIBUTIONAL STYLES, AND THE RESPONSE TO STRESS | 307 | ||
| RELATING COGNITIVE–BEHAVIORAL PHENOMENA TO DISEASE MECHANISM | 308 | ||
| ASSESSING BEHAVIORAL MAKEUP AND BELIEFS | 308 | ||
| ASSESSMENT OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY | 308 | ||
| PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT | 308 | ||
| BELIEF SYSTEMS ASSESSMENT | 309 | ||
| PERFORMANCE PSYCHOLOGY INTERVENTION AS A THERAPY FOR EXERCISE-INDUCED LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION | 309 | ||
| GOAL SETTING | 309 | ||
| BASELINE STRESS REDUCTION | 310 | ||
| VISUALIZATION AND THE USE OF IMAGERY | 310 | ||
| COGNITIVE RESTRUCTURING | 310 | ||
| CASE RESOLUTIONS AND REFLECTIONS | 311 | ||
| SUMMARY | 312 | ||
| REFERENCES | 312 | ||
| Surgical Intervention for Exercise-Induced Laryngeal Obstruction | 317 | ||
| Key points | 317 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 317 | ||
| LITERATURE REVIEW | 318 | ||
| Initial Case Reports | 319 | ||
| SUPRAGLOTTOPLASTY AS A TREATMENT FOR EXERCISE-INDUCED LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION-SUPRAGLOTTIC TYPE: TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS | 319 | ||
| SURGICAL INDICATIONS | 320 | ||
| PUBLISHED OUTCOMES | 321 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS | 321 | ||
| CURRENT CHALLENGES AND AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH REGARDING SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF EXERCISE-INDUCED LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION | 321 | ||
| SUMMARY | 322 | ||
| SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | 323 | ||
| REFERENCES | 323 | ||
| Exertional Dyspnea and Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse | 325 | ||
| Key points | 325 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 325 | ||
| EXCESSIVE DYNAMIC AIRWAY COLLAPSE DEFINITION | 326 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 326 | ||
| EXCESSIVE DYNAMIC AIRWAY COLLAPSE IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND ASTHMA | 327 | ||
| EXCESSIVE DYNAMIC AIRWAY COLLAPSE AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY | 328 | ||
| EXERCISE-ASSOCIATED EXCESSIVE DYNAMIC AIRWAY COLLAPSE | 328 | ||
| EXCESSIVE DYNAMIC AIRWAY COLLAPSE EVALUATION | 328 | ||
| AIRWAY IMAGING (DYNAMIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY) | 329 | ||
| FUNCTIONAL BRONCHOSCOPY | 329 | ||
| TREATMENT OPTIONS | 330 | ||
| SUMMARY | 330 | ||
| REFERENCES | 331 | ||
| The Future of Exertional Respiratory Problems | 333 | ||
| Key points | 333 | ||
| THE IMPORTANCE OF A TOTAL AIRWAY APPROACH TO EXERTIONAL DYSPNEA | 333 | ||
| TOTAL AIRWAY APPROACH: WHAT DO WE KNOW? | 334 | ||
| TOTAL AIRWAY APPROACH: WHAT DO WE NEED TO KNOW? | 335 | ||
| THE FUTURE OF “TOTAL AIRWAY” RESEARCH | 337 | ||
| SUMMARY | 337 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 337 | ||
| REFERENCES | 337 | ||
| Food Allergy Point of Care Pearls | e1 | ||
| Key points | e1 | ||
| TERMINOLOGY | e1 | ||
| Clinical Clarification | e1 | ||
| Classification | e1 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | e2 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | e2 | ||
| Causes and Risk Factors | e2 | ||
| Diagnostic Procedures | e3 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | e4 | ||
| TREATMENT | e5 | ||
| Goals | e5 | ||
| Disposition | e5 | ||
| Treatment Options | e5 | ||
| Monitoring | e6 | ||
| COMPLICATIONS AND PROGNOSIS | e6 | ||
| Complications | e6 | ||
| Prognosis | e6 | ||
| SCREENING AND PREVENTION | e6 | ||
| Screening | e6 | ||
| Prevention | e7 | ||
| SYNOPSIS | e7 | ||
| Key Points | e7 | ||
| Urgent Action | e7 | ||
| Pitfalls | e7 | ||
| REFERENCES | e8 | ||
| Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction and the Air We Breathe | 183 | ||
| Key points | 183 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 183 | ||
| GENERAL PATHOGENESIS OF POLLUTION-INDUCED AIRWAY DYSFUNCTION | 184 | ||
| Oxidative Stress | 184 | ||
| Inflammation | 184 | ||
| Glutathione Depletion | 184 | ||
| Nitric Oxide | 186 | ||
| EXPOSURE-SPECIFIC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 186 | ||
| Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm and Environmental Humidity and Temperature | 186 | ||
| Particulate Matter | 188 | ||
| Ozone | 189 | ||
| Nitrogen Dioxide | 191 | ||
| Sulfur Dioxide | 192 | ||
| Trichloramines | 192 | ||
| Simultaneous Exposure to Multiple Environmental Triggers | 193 | ||
| SUMMARY AND PUBLIC HEALTH RECOMMENDATIONS | 194 | ||
| REFERENCES | 194 |