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Urgent Care Dermatology: Symptom-Based Diagnosis E-Book

Urgent Care Dermatology: Symptom-Based Diagnosis E-Book

James E. Fitzpatrick | Whitney A. High

(2017)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Urgent Care Dermatology: Symptom-Based Diagnosis, by Drs. James E. Fitzpatrick, Whitney A. High, and Lamar Kyle, helps you quickly identify skin conditions and provide necessary treatment at the point of care. Concise, to-the-point text is highlighted by more than 1,000 high-quality photographs – all conveniently organized by lesion appearance – making this resource ideal for first-line clinicians to quickly identify and treat dermatologic conditions.

  • Appearance-based format designed for non-specialists who diagnose and treat skin conditions, such as family practice physicians, urgent care providers, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants.
  • Organized by presentation (scaly lesions, blisters, etc.), with a full chapter on treatment pearls that offers expert advice pertaining to diagnosis and treatment.
  • Richly illustrated with more than 1,000 full-color clinical examples of lesions you’re likely to see.
  • Up-to-date coverage of morbilliform eruptions, scaly papular lesions, dermatitis (eczematoid reactions), and abscesses, as well as a timely chapter on cutaneous diseases of travelers organized by global region.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover cover
Inside Front Cover ifc1
Urgent Care Dermatology: Symptom-Based Diagnosis i
Copyright Page iv
Dedication v
Preface vii
Acknowledgments ix
Table Of Contents xi
1 Introduction to Clinical Dermatology 1
“Thinking” Like a Dermatologist 1
Etiologic Premises 1
Morphology 1
Palpation and Appreciation of Texture 1
Color 1
Configuration and Distribution 3
Temporal Course 5
Other Historical Information 5
Conclusion 5
2 Diagnostic Techniques 7
Key Terms 7
Equipment Needed 7
Core cutaneous surgical equipment 7
Optional cutaneous surgical equipment 7
Core diagnostic equipment 7
Optional diagnostic equipment 7
Wood Light 8
Introduction 8
Applications 8
Supplies 8
Technique 8
Interpretation 8
Comments 8
Potassium Hydroxide Preparation 10
Applications 10
Supplies 10
Technique 10
Interpretation 10
Comments 10
Mineral Oil Preparation 14
Application 14
Supplies 14
Technique 14
Interpretation 14
Comments 14
Tzanck Preparation 18
Applications 18
Supplies 18
Technique 18
Interpretation 18
Comments 18
Shave Biopsy 22
Applications 22
Supplies 22
Technique 22
With Razor Blade 22
With Scalpel Blade 22
Comments 22
Punch Biopsy 26
Applications 26
Supplies 26
Technique 26
Comments 26
References 30
Wood Light (Lamp) 30
Potassium Hydroxide Preparation 30
Scabies Mineral Oil Preparation 30
Tzanck Preparation 30
Shave and Punch Biopsy 30
3 Morbilliform Eruptions 31
Important History Questions 31
How long have your spots been present? 31
Have you started any new medications in the last 10 days? 31
Have you had any fever? 31
Do you have any other medical problems? 31
Important Physical Findings 31
What is the distribution of the lesions? 31
Presence or absence of lesions in the oral mucosa 31
Are any blisters present? 31
Do any of the lesions demonstrate hemorrhage? 31
Do any of the lesions demonstrate a reticulated (netlike) appearance? 31
Morbilliform Drug Eruptions 32
Drug Eruption With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms 34
Morbilliform Viral Eruptions 36
Roseola (Infantum; Exanthem Subitum, Sixth Disease) 38
Unilateral Thoracic Exanthem (Asymmetric Periflexural Exanthem of Childhood) 40
Measles (Rubeola) 42
Rubella (German Measles) 44
Roseola Vaccinatum 46
Rickettsial Infections 48
References 50
Morbilliform Drug Eruptions 50
Drug Eruption With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) 50
Morbilliform Viral Exanthems 50
Roseola Infantum 50
Unilateral Laterothoracic Exanthem 50
Measles (Rubeola) 50
Rubella (German Measles) 50
Roseola Vaccinatum 50
Rickettsiosis 50
4 Diffuse or Reticulated Erythema 51
Key Term 51
Important History Questions 51
How long has your redness been present? 51
Have you started any new medications in the last 10 days? 51
Have you had any fever? 51
Do you have any other medical problems? 51
Important Physical Findings 51
What is the distribution of the lesions? 51
Are lesions present in the oral mucosa? 51
Are vesicles or blisters present? 51
Presence or absence of lesions with a reticulated (netlike) appearance 51
Scarlet Fever 52
Toxic Shock Syndrome 54
Kawasaki Disease 56
Erythema Infectiosum 58
Erythema Ab Igne 60
References 62
Scarlet Fever 62
Toxic Shock Syndrome 62
Kawasaki Disease 62
Erythema Infectiosum 62
Erythema Ab Igne 62
5 Urticarial and Indurated Eruptions 63
Important History Questions for Urticarial Eruptions 63
How long have you had these lesions? 63
How long do individual lesions last? 63
What medications do you take? 63
Do the lesions itch or are they painful? 63
Have you had any difficulty breathing? 63
Important Physical Findings for Urticarial Eruptions 63
Are any of the lesions annular? 63
Are any of the lesions linear? 63
Do any of the lesions demonstrate focal hemorrhage? 63
How large are the lesions? 63
What is the distribution of the lesions? 63
Is any fever present? 63
Urticaria 64
Physical Urticarias 66
Angioedema 68
Papular Urticaria 70
Urticarial Vasculitis 72
Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy (Polymorphic Eruption of Pregnancy) 74
Sweet Syndrome 76
Erysipelas 78
Cellulitis 80
References 82
Urticaria 82
Physical Urticarias 82
Angioedema 82
Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy (Polymorphic Eruption of Pregnancy) 82
Sweet Syndrome 82
Cellulitis and Erysipelas 82
6 Papular Eruptions 83
Important History Questions 83
How long have the papules (bumps) been present? 83
Did all the papules (bumps) start at the same time? 83
Have you had a similar rash in the past? 83
Where did the rash start? 83
Have you or your immediate relatives had eczema, asthma, or hay fever (seasonal allergies)? 83
What sort of work do you do? 83
How do you feel? 83
Have you started any new medications in the last month? 83
How are you treating this rash? 83
What do you think caused your rash? 83
Important Physical Findings 83
What is the distribution of the papules? 83
Are any linear lesions present? 83
Scabies 84
Chiggers (Trombiculosis) 86
Mite Bites (Ascarine Dermatitis) 88
Bedbug Bites 90
Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome (Papular Acrodermatitis of Childhood) 92
Miliaria (Prickly Heat) 94
References 96
Scabies 96
Chiggers 96
Mite Bites 96
Bedbugs 96
Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome 96
Milaria 96
7 Scaly Papular Lesions 97
Key Terms 97
Important History Questions 97
How long has the lesion(s) been present? 97
Have you had a similar lesion(s) in the past? 97
Do any of your immediate relatives have psoriasis? 97
Have you had any previous pre–skin cancers or skin cancers? 97
How are you treating your skin condition? 97
Are you taking any medications? 97
Have you had a recent illness? 97
Important Physical Findings 97
How many lesions are present? 97
What is the distribution of the lesions? 97
Is the oral mucosa involved? 97
Are the nails normal or abnormal? 97
Guttate Psoriasis 98
Lichen Nitidus 100
Lichen Planus 102
Secondary Syphilis 104
Molluscum Contagiosum 106
Grover Disease 108
Actinic Keratosis 110
References 112
Psoriasis 112
Lichen Nitidus 112
Lichen Planus 112
Secondary Syphilis 112
Molluscum Contagiosum 112
Grover Disease 112
Actinic Keratosis 112
8 Plaques With Scale 113
Important History Questions 113
How long has the lesion(s) been present? 113
Have you had a similar lesion(s) in the past? 113
Do any of your immediate relatives have psoriasis? 113
How are you treating your skin condition? 113
Has the skin condition ever been biopsied? 113
Are you taking any medications? 113
Have you had any recent illnesses or infections? 113
Important Physical Findings 113
What is the distribution of the lesions? 113
Is the Koebner phenomenon present? 113
Is the oral mucosa involved? 113
Are the nails normal or abnormal? 113
Is there any historical or clinical evidence of arthritis? 113
Plaque Psoriasis 114
Reactive Arthritis (Reiter Disease) 116
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris 118
Mycosis Fungoides 120
References 122
Psoriasis 122
Reactive Arthritis (Reiter Disease) 122
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris 122
Mycosis Fungoides 122
9 Scaly Disorders 123
Key Term 123
Important History Questions 123
How long has the lesion(s) been present? 123
Have you had a similar lesion(s) in the past? 123
Do any of your immediate relatives have a similar disorder? 123
How are you treating your skin condition? 123
Has the skin condition ever been biopsied? 123
Are you taking any medications? 123
Important Physical Findings 123
What is the distribution of the lesions? 123
Are the nails normal or abnormal? 123
What is the color of the scale? 123
What are the size and shape of the scale? 123
Tinea (Pityriasis) Versicolor 124
Acquired Ichthyosis Vulgaris (Ichthyosis Acquisita) 126
Tinea Pedis and Tinea Manuum 128
Xerosis (Asteatosis, Dry Skin) 130
Kwashiorkor 132
References 134
Pityriasis (Tinea) Versicolor 134
Acquired Ichthyosis Vulgaris 134
Tinea Pedis 134
Xerosis (Asteatosis) 134
Kwashiorkor 134
10 Dermatitis (Eczematoid Reactions) 135
Key Terms 135
Important History Questions 135
How long has the dermatitis (rash) been present? 135
Have you had a similar rash in the past? 135
Where did the rash start? 135
Do any of your immediate relatives have eczema, asthma, or hay fever? 135
Do you have allergies or sensitivity to things that come into contact with your skin? 135
What sort of work do you do? 135
Have you started any new medications in the past month? 135
How are you treating the rash? 135
What else do you put on your skin, and what type of soap do you use? 135
Important Physical Findings 135
What is the distribution of the dermatitis? 135
Is there a distinct pattern to the dermatitis? 135
Allergic Contact Dermatitis 136
Irritant Contact Dermatitis 140
Atopic Dermatitis (Childhood Eczema) 142
Diaper Dermatitis 146
Eczematous Drug Eruptions 148
Nummular Dermatitis 150
Id Reactions (Autoeczematization) 152
Dyshidrosis (Pompholyx) 154
Pityriasis Rosea 156
Seborrheic Dermatitis 158
Erythrasma 160
References 162
Allergic Contact Dermatitis 162
Atopic Dermatitis 162
Diaper Dermatitis 162
Eczematoid Drug Eruptions 162
Nummular Dermatitis 162
Id Reactions 162
Pityriasis Rosea 162
Dyshidrotic Hand Dermatitis 162
Seborrheic Dermatitis 162
Erythrasma 162
11 Blisters and Vesicles 163
Key Terms 163
Important History Questions 163
How long have the blisters been present? 163
Have you had blisters before, and do the blisters occur at the same site(s)? 163
Are the blisters symptomatic? 163
Are you taking any medications? 163
Important Physical Findings 163
How old is the patient? 163
Is the patient a woman of childbearing years, is she pregnant, or has she just delivered a baby? 163
What is the distribution of the blisters? 163
Is the oral mucosa (or other mucosal surfaces) involved? 163
Bullous Impetigo 164
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome 166
Blistering Distal Dactylitis 168
Pemphigus Foliaceus 170
Pemphigus Vulgaris 172
Bullous Allergic Contact Dermatitis 174
Bullous Insect and Arthropod Reactions 176
Chickenpox 178
Herpes Zoster 180
Herpes Simplex Virus Infection 182
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease 184
Bullous Fixed Drug Eruption 186
Bullous Erythema Multiforme 188
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome 190
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis 192
Bullous Pemphigoid 194
Dermatitis Herpetiformis 196
Herpes Gestationis 198
Linear IgA Bullous Dermatosis 200
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda 202
References 204
Bullous Impetigo 204
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome 204
Pemphigus 204
Herpes Zoster 204
Herpes Simplex Infections 204
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease 204
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson Syndrome 204
Bullous Pemphigoid 204
Dermatitis Herpetiformis 204
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda 204
12 Pustular Eruptions, Nonfollicular 205
Key Terms 205
Important History Questions 205
How long have the pustules been present? 205
Do you have a known personal or family history of psoriasis? 205
Do you have a past or current history of arthritis or painful joints? 205
Have you started any new medications? 205
Had you spent any time outdoors before you developed the rash? 205
Does anyone else in the family have a rash? 205
How are you treating this rash? 205
Important Physical Findings 205
How old is the patient? 205
What are the distribution and arrangement of the pustules? 205
Are the pustules based on hair follicles or non-follicular skin? 205
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis 206
Pustular Psoriasis 208
Acropustulosis of Infancy 210
Pustular Arthropod Reactions 212
Cutaneous Vaccinia Infections 214
References 216
General 216
Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis 216
Pustular Psoriasis 216
Pustular Arthropod Reactions 216
Acropustulosis of Infancy (Infantile Acropustulosis) 216
Vaccination Reactions 216
13 Abscesses 217
Key Terms 217
Important History Questions 217
How long has the abscess(es) been present? 217
Do you have any underlying medical conditions? 217
Have you recently traveled outside of the country? 217
Are you currently taking antibiotics? 217
Does anyone else in the family have similar lesions? 217
Important Physical Findings 217
Is the abscess solitary or multiple? 217
What is the distribution of the abscesses? 217
Does the abscess demonstrate significant associated erythema or edema? 217
Is the patient febrile? 217
Furuncle 218
Mycobacterial Furunculosis 220
Hidradenitis Suppurativa 222
Dissecting Cellulitis of the Scalp 224
Ruptured Epidermoid Cyst 226
Kerion 228
References 230
Furunculosis 230
Mycobacterial Furunculosis 230
Hidradenitis Suppurativa 230
Dissecting Cellulitis of the Scalp 230
Ruptured Epidermoid Cyst 230
Kerion 230
14 Necrotic and Ulcerative Skin Disorders 231
Key Terms 231
Important History Questions 231
How long has the condition been present? 231
Do you have any underlying systemic disorders? 231
Is there any history of a clotting disorder? 231
When was your last sexual contact, and did you use a barrier device? 231
Have you had exposure to animals? 231
Important Physical Findings 231
What is the distribution of the lesions? 231
How many lesions are present? 231
What is the shape of the ulcer? 231
How deep does the ulceration extend? 231
What does the base of the ulcer look like? 231
Are the peripheral pulses normal and equal in patients with lower extremity ulcers? 231
Necrotizing Fasciitis 232
Ecthyma Gangrenosum 234
Orf 236
Necrotic Arachnidism 238
Calciphylaxis 240
Stasis Ulcer 242
Arterial (Ischemic) Ulcer 244
Pyoderma Gangrenosum 246
Chancroid 248
Primary Syphilis 250
References 252
Necrotizing Fasciitis 252
Ecthyma Gangrenosum 252
Spider Bites 252
Calciphylaxis 252
Stasis Ulcers 252
Arterial Ulcers 252
Pyoderma Gangrenosum 252
Chancroid 252
Primary Syphilis 252
15 Subcutaneous Diseases 253
Key Terms 253
Important History Questions 253
How long have the lesions been present? 253
Are the lesions painful, and, if so, how painful are they? 253
What medications do you take? 253
Do you have any other medical conditions? 253
Have you ever had a positive tuberculosis skin test? 253
How much alcohol do you consume in a week? 253
Important Physical Findings 253
What is the distribution of the lesions? 253
Are the lesions ulcerated, or is there any evidence of epidermal change? 253
Is there any physical evidence of active arthritis? 253
Are there any other types of skin lesions? 253
Erythema Nodosum 254
Erythema Induratum 256
Pancreatic Panniculitis 258
Lupus Panniculitis 260
Subcutaneous Granuloma Annulare 262
Rheumatoid Nodules 264
Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa 266
References 268
Erythema Nodosum 268
Erythema Induratum 268
Pancreatic Panniculitis 268
Lupus Erythematosus Panniculitis 268
Subcutaneous Granuloma Annulare 268
Rheumatoid Nodules 268
Polyarteritis Nodosa 268
16 Annular and Targetoid Lesions 269
Key Term 269
Important History Questions 269
How long have the lesions been present? 269
Have you had a similar rash in the past? 269
What medications do you take? 269
Where have you lived? 269
Where have you been recently? 269
Have you been camping outdoors or with animals? 269
Are you diabetic? 269
Important Physical Findings 269
Do the lesions demonstrate scale? 269
What is the distribution of the lesions? 269
Are there any mucosal lesions? 269
Tinea Corporis, Tinea Faciei, and Tinea Cruris 270
Lyme Disease 272
Erythema Annulare Centrifugum 274
Erythema Marginatum 276
Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus 278
Granuloma Annulare 280
Necrobiosis Lipoidica (Diabeticorum) 282
Leprosy (Hansen Disease) 284
Erythema Multiforme 286
References 288
Tinea Corporis, Tinea Faciei, and Tinea Cruris 288
Lyme Disease 288
Erythema Annulare Centrifugum 288
Erythema Marginatum 288
Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus 288
Granuloma Annulare 288
Necrobiosis Lipoidica (Diabeticorum) 288
Leprosy 288
Erythema Multiforme 288
17 Linear and Serpiginous Lesions 289
Epidermal Nevus Syndrome 289
Important History Questions 289
Were the lesions present at birth or shortly after birth? 289
Is there a family history of a similar lesion? 289
How long have the lesions been present? 289
What medications do you take? 289
Is there a history of recent travel? 289
Important Physical Findings 289
What is the distribution of the lesions? 289
What color are the lesions? 289
Do any lesions demonstrate vesicles or blisters? 289
Does the lesion demonstrate induration on palpation? 289
Lichen Striatus 290
Bleomycin-Induced Flagellate Erythema and Hyperpigmentation 292
Linear Epidermal Nevus 294
Linear Morphea 296
Cutaneous Larva Migrans 298
References 300
Lichen Striatus 300
Bleomycin-Induced Erythema and Hyperpigmentation 300
Linear Epidermal Nevus 300
Linear Morphea 300
Cutaneous Larva Migrans 300
18 Sporotrichoid Disorders 301
Important History Questions 301
Have you had any recent injuries to your skin? 301
Do you own cats, or have you been exposed to cats? 301
Have you had any fever or chills? 301
Do you have any other medical problems? 301
Have you traveled outside of the United States? 301
Have you had a recent pedicure? 301
Important Physical Findings 301
What is the distribution of the lesions? 301
Does there appear to be a lesion that represents a primary point of trauma? 301
Are there any lesions outside of the lymphatic drainage basin? 301
Sporotrichosis 302
Sporotrichoid Mycobacterial Infections 304
References 306
Sporotrichosis 306
Sporotrichoid Mycobacterial Infections 306
19 Photosensitive Disorders 307
Key Terms 307
Important History Questions 307
How long have you had a photoaggravated skin condition? 307
Do your lesions itch or burn? 307
Have you recently started any new medications? 307
Do you have any other symptoms or recent problems such as muscle pain, joint pain, fever, or other unexplained problems? 307
Is there a family history of a similar rash? 307
Important Physical Findings 307
Is there any evidence of hair loss? 307
What is the distribution of the lesions? 307
Is a mucosal surface involved? 307
Does the patient have periungual telangiectasias? 307
Polymorphous Light Eruption 308
Photoallergic Drug Eruption 310
Phototoxic Drug Eruption 312
Pellagra 314
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 316
Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus 318
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus 320
Dermatomyositis 322
Sunburn 324
References 326
Polymorphous Light Eruption 326
Photoallergic Drug Eruption 326
Pellagra 326
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 326
Subacute Lupus Erythematosus 326
Dermatomyositis 326
Sunburn 326
20 Purpuric and Hemorrhagic Disorders 327
Important History Questions 327
How long have the lesions been present? 327
Have you had more than one episode? 327
What medications do you take? 327
Do you have other known medical conditions? 327
Do you or any member of your family have a history of blood clots or a clotting disorder? 327
Is there a recent history of tick bites or exposure to ticks, especially to a dog with ticks? 327
Important Physical Findings 327
What is the distribution of the lesions? 327
Is there any physical evidence of active arthritis or arthralgias? 327
Are there other skin lesions present? 327
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura 328
Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy 330
Leukocytoclastic (Hypersensitivity) Vasculitis 332
Disseminated Gonococcal Infection 334
Meningococcemia 336
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 338
Progressive Pigmented Purpura 340
Purpura Fulminans 342
Cryoglobulinemia 344
Cryofibrinogenemia 346
Pernio (Chilblains) 348
Pityriasis Lichenoides et Varioliformis Acuta (Mucha-Habermann Disease) 350
References 352
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura 352
Acute Hemorrhagic Edema of Infancy 352
Hypersensitivity Vasculitis 352
Disseminated Gonococcal Infection/Gonococcemia 352
Meningococcemia 352
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 352
Progressive Pigmented Purpura (Majocchi-Schamberg Disease) 352
Purpura Fulminans 352
Cryoglobulinemia 352
Cryofibrinogenemia 352
Pernio (Chilblains) 352
Pityriasis Lichenoid et Varioliformis Acuta (Mucha-Habermann Disease) 352
21 Sclerosing and Fibrosing Disorders 353
Key Terms 353
Important History Questions 353
Do you have a history of cold intolerance in your fingers or known Raynaud phenomenon? 353
Have you noticed swelling in your hands? 353
Do you have any difficulty in swallowing solid foods? 353
What medications do you take? 353
Have you had any recent infections? 353
Do you have any other medical conditions? 353
Have you had any gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies? 353
Important Physical Findings 353
What is the distribution of the fibrosis? 353
Are there any other types of skin lesions? 353
Are there any changes in skin color? 353
Morphea 354
Scleroderma 356
Limited Scleroderma (CREST Syndrome) 358
Eosinophilic Fasciitis 360
Scleredema 362
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis 364
References 366
Morphea 366
Progressive Systemic Sclerosis 366
CREST Syndrome 366
Eosinophilic Fasciitis 366
Scleredema 366
Nephrogeneic Systemic Fibrosis 366
22 Atrophic Disorders 367
Key Terms 367
Important History Questions 367
When was this change in your skin noted? 367
Over what period of time did these changes occur? 367
Have you used any steroids in the area, or have you had steroid injections or taken steroid pills? 367
Have you been given any other injections in the area? 367
Do you have any other medical conditions? 367
Important Physical Findings 367
What is the distribution of the atrophy? 367
How large are the areas of atrophy, and how are they shaped? 367
Are there any changes in skin color? 367
Striae 368
Postinjection Lipoatrophy 370
Aplasia Cutis Congenita 372
References 374
Striae 374
Postinjection Lipoatrophy 374
Aplasia Cutis Congenita 374
23 Follicular Disorders 375
Important History Questions 375
How long has the follicular alteration been present? 375
Have you started any new medications in the past month? 375
Are you putting anything on the skin of the affected area? 375
Have you recently used a hot tub or hot springs pool or had some other immersive water exposure? 375
Important Physical Findings 375
What is the distribution of the follicular disorder? 375
Is there a distinct pattern to the dermatitis? 375
Are other mucocutaneous findings present? 375
Is a pustular component present? 375
Acute Vulgaris 376
Drug-Induced Acneiform Reactions 378
Rosacea 380
Pseudomonas Folliculitis 382
References 384
Acne Vulgaris 384
Drug-Induced Acneiform Eruptions 384
Rosacea 384
Pseudomonas Folliculitis 384
24 Alopecia 385
Important History Questions 385
When did you first notice that you were losing hair? 385
What products do you put on your hair? 385
Do you have any other known medical conditions? 385
Have there been recent changes in your health? 385
What medications are you taking, and are any of these new? 385
Do you find yourself pulling on your hair under stress? 385
Important Physical Findings 385
What is the distribution of hair loss? 385
Is there evidence of inflammation or pustules? 385
Is there evidence of epidermal changes in addition to the alopecia? 385
Is there any scarring? 385
Is there hair loss in other hairy areas? 385
Are there nail changes? 385
Androgenic Alopecia 386
Telogen Effluvium 388
Trichotillomania 390
Traction Alopecia 392
Alopecia Areata 394
Tinea Capitis 396
Lupus Erythematosus 398
Central Centrifugal Cicatricial Alopecia 400
References 402
Androgenetic Alopecia 402
Telogen Effluvium 402
Trichotillomania 402
Traction Alopecia 402
Alopecia Areata 402
Tinea Capitis 402
Lupus Erythematosus 402
Central Centrifugal Scarring Alopecia 402
25 Nail Disorders 403
Key Terms 403
Important History Questions 403
How long have your nails been abnormal? 403
Is there any family history of a similar disorder? 403
Has there been any trauma, and are the nails continuing to change? 403
Important Physical Findings 403
How many nails are involved? 403
Which portion(s) of the nail are affected by the disease? 403
If tan, brown, or black pigment is present in the nail, in a linear fashion, what is the shape of this pigmented area? 403
Paronychia 404
Onychocryptosis (Ingrown Toenails) 406
Onychomycosis 408
Onycholysis 410
Onychauxis 412
Onychoschizia (Lamellar Dystrophy) 414
Beau Lines 416
Trachyonychia (Rough Nails, Nail Pitting) 418
Nail Clubbing 420
Habit Tic Deformity (Onychotillomania) 422
Nail Discoloration 424
References 428
Review 428
Paronychia 428
Ingrown Nails 428
Onychomycosis 428
Onycholysis 428
Psoriatic Nails 428
Nail Clubbing 428
Habit Tic Deformity (Onychotillomania) 428
Chromonychia 428
26 Infestations, Stings, and Bites 429
Important History Questions 429
Did you see what bit or stung you? 429
Did you capture, kill, or photograph the “bug” that bit or stung you? 429
Does anyone else that you know have a similar problem? 429
Are you sexually active? 429
Does the lesion itch, or is it painful? 429
How do you feel? 429
Important Physical Findings 429
What is the distribution of the lesions? 429
What does the bite site look like? 429
Pediculosis Capitis 430
Pediculosis Pubis 432
Tick Bites 434
Stings (Bees, Wasps, Yellowjackets) 436
Spider Bites 438
References 440
General 440
Pediculosis Capitis (Head Lice) 440
Pediculosis Pubis (Crab Lice) 440
Tick Bites 440
Bee, Wasp, and Yellowjacket Stings 440
Spider Bites 440
27 Discolorations of the Skin 441
Important History Questions 441
How long has the abnormal color been present? 441
How are you treating this discoloration? 441
Is the color change stable, progressive, or resolving? 441
Do you have photos of the affected area, taken at an earlier time, when the pigmentation was not present? 441
What medications are you taking? 441
Important Physical Findings 441
What is the color of the abnormal skin? 441
What is the distribution of the color change? 441
Is the change in pigmentation sharply demarcated? 441
If it is not clear whether something is hypopigmented or depigmented, use your Wood light. 441
Vitiligo 442
Pityriasis Alba 444
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus 446
Acanthosis Nigricans 448
Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis 450
Addison Disease 452
Jaundice 454
Carotenoderma 456
Drug-Induced Blue-Gray Discoloration 458
References 460
Vitiligo 460
Pityriasis Alba 460
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus 460
Acanthosis Nigricans 460
Confluent and Reticulate Papillomatosis 460
Addison Disease 460
Jaundice 460
Carotenoderma 460
Drug-Induced Blue-Gray Discolorations 460
28 Papillomatous and Verrucous Lesions 461
Key Terms 461
Important History Questions 461
When did this lesion(s) develop? 461
Has the lesion changed? 461
Where have you visited or lived in the past few years? 461
Important Physical Findings 461
How many verrucous or papillomatous lesions are present? 461
What is the distribution of the lesions? 461
What is the arrangement of the lesions? 461
What is the size of the lesions? 461
Verrucae Vulgaris 462
Verrucae Plana 464
Condyloma Acuminatum 466
Seborrheic Keratosis 468
Acrochordon (Soft Fibroma) 470
North American Blastomycosis 472
Verrucous Carcinoma 474
References 476
Verrucae Vulgaris (Warts) 476
Verrucae Plana and Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis 476
Condyloma Accuminatum 476
Seborrheic Keratosis 476
Acrochordon (Skin Tag) 476
North American Blastomycosis 476
Verrucous Carcinoma 476
29 Tumors With Scale 477
Key Terms 477
Important History Questions 477
How long has this lesion been present? 477
Has the lesion recently changed? 477
Is this lesion growing rapidly? 477
Has the lesion bled? 477
Have you had a previous skin cancer? 477
Importan Physical Findings 477
What is the location of the lesion or lesions? 477
What type of skin does the patient have? 477
What does the lesion feel like on palpation? 477
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ 478
Squamous Cell Carcinoma 480
Keratoacanthoma 482
Benign Lichenoid Keratosis 484
Inflamed Seborrheic Keratosis 486
References 488
Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Situ (Bowen Disease) 488
Squamous Cell Carcinoma 488
Keratoacanthoma 488
Benign Lichenoid Keratosis (Lichen Planus–like Keratosis) 488
30 Papular and Nodular Growths Without Scale 489
Key Terms 489
Important History Questions 489
How long has this lesion(s) been present? 489
Has the lesion changed? 489
Have you or any member of your family had similar lesions or a history of cancer? 489
Important Physical Findings 489
How old is the patient? 489
How many lesions are present? 489
What is the distribution of the lesions? 489
Are any of the lesions ulcerated or necrotic? 489
Basal Cell Carcinoma 490
Spitz Nevus 492
Dermatofibroma 494
Keloid 496
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans 498
Merkel Cell Carcinoma 500
Cutaneous Lymphomas 502
Metastatic Tumors 504
References 506
Basal Cell Carcinoma 506
Spitz Nevus 506
Dermatofibroma 506
Keloid 506
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans 506
Merkel Cell Carcinoma 506
Cutaneous Lymphomas 506
Cutaneous Metastasis 506
31 Pigmented Lesions 507
Key Terms 507
Important History Questions 507
How long has this lesion been present? 507
Has the lesion changed? 507
Has the lesion bled? 507
Do you have a history of an atypical dysplastic nevus or melanoma? 507
Is there a family history of atypical nevi or melanoma? 507
Do you have a history of indoor tanning bed use? 507
Have you ever had sunburn that produced blisters, and, if so, when did you burn? 507
Important Physical Findings 507
What is the patient’s skin type? 507
How many moles does the patient have on his or her body? 507
Do any of the pigmented lesions on a patient’s body look different from the rest? 507
Do any of the pigmented lesions on a patient’s body violate the ABCDEs of melanoma? 507
Solar Lentigo 508
Simple Lentigo 510
Acquired Melanocytic Nevus 512
Congenital Melanocytic Nevus 514
Halo Nevus 516
Café au Lait Spot 518
Nevus Spilus 520
Atypical (Dysplastic) Nevus 522
Lentigo Maligna 524
Melanoma 526
Blue Nevus 532
References 534
Solar Lentigo 534
Simple Lentigo (Lentigo Simplex) 534
Acquired Melanocytic Nevus 534
Congenital Nevus 534
Halo Nevus 534
Café au Lait Spots 534
Nevus Spilus 534
Atypical (Dysplastic) Nevus 534
Lentigo Maligna 534
Melanoma 534
Blue Nevus 534
32 Vascular Tumors 535
Key Terms 535
Important History Questions 535
How long has this lesion(s) been present? 535
Has the lesion changed? 535
Have you ever been treated with radiation? 535
Important Physical Findings 535
How many vascular lesions are present? 535
What is the distribution of the lesions? 535
Are the lesions macular or palpable? 535
Are the lesions pulsatile? 535
Infantile (Juvenile) Hemangioma 536
Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome 538
Pyogenic Granuloma 540
Cherry Angioma (Hemangioma) 542
Venous Lake 544
Superficial Lymphangioma 546
Kaposi Sarcoma 548
Angiosarcoma 550
References 552
Infantile Hemangioma 552
Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome 552
Pyogenic Granuloma 552
Cherry Angioma 552
Venous Lake 552
Superficial Lymphangioma (Lymphangioma Circumscriptum) 552
Kaposi Sarcoma 552
Angiosarcoma 552
33 Yellow Lesions 553
Key Terms 553
Important History Questions 553
How long has the lesion(s) been present? 553
Has the lesion changed? 553
Do you have any known medical problems? 553
Have you or any member of your family had cancer? 553
Do you take any medications? 553
Important Physical Findings 553
How old is the patient? 553
How many lesions are present? 553
What is the distribution of the lesions? 553
If multiple lesions are present, is there evidence of a Koebner phenomenon? 553
Eruptive Xanthomata 554
Xanthelasma 556
(Juvenile) Xanthogranuloma 558
Sebaceous Gland Hyperplasia 560
Nevus Sebaceus 562
References 564
Eruptive Xanthoma 564
Xanthelasma (Palpebrarum) 564
Juvenile Xanthogranuloma 564
Sebaceous Gland Hyperplasia 564
Nevus Sebaceus (of Jadassohn) 564
34 Cysts and Sinuses 565
Key Terms 565
Important History Questions 565
How long has the lesion(s) been present? 565
Has the lesion changed? 565
Important Physical Findings 565
How are the lesion(s) distributed? 565
How many lesions are there? 565
Does the cyst demonstrate transillumination? 565
Does the cyst have a punctum? 565
Epidermoid Cyst 566
Trichilemmal Cyst 568
Steatocystoma 570
Apocrine Cystadenoma 572
Digital Mucous Cyst 574
Cutaneous Odontogenic Sinus Tract 576
References 578
Epidermoid Cyst 578
Trichilemmal (Pilar) Cyst 578
Steatocystoma 578
Apocrine Cystadenoma 578
Digital Mucous Cyst 578
Cutaneous Odontogenic Sinus Tract 578
35 Subcutaneous Lumps 579
Important History Questions 579
How long has the lesion(s) been present? 579
Has the lesion changed? 579
Is there a family history of similar lesions? 579
Important Physical Findings 579
How many lesions are present? 579
How large is the tumor? 579
What does the tumor feel like on palpation? 579
Does the lesion appear to be sharply circumscribed? 579
Where are the lesions located? 579
Lipoma 580
Angiolipoma 582
Subcutaneous Metastatic Tumors 584
References 586
Review of Lipomatous Neoplasms 586
Lipoma 586
Angiolipoma 586
Metastatic Tumors 586
36 Cutaneous Diseases of Travelers 587
Important History Questions 587
Where have you traveled recently? 587
Did you develop skin disease before you traveled, while traveling, or after you returned home? 587
Were you outdoors or in a rural area during your travels? 587
On your trip, did you use preventive measures to avoid disease? 587
Cutaneous Larva Migrans 588
Myiasis 589
Tinea Nigra 590
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis 591
Tungiasis 592
Phytophotodermatitis 593
Seabather’s Eruption 594
References 595
Cutaneous Larva Migrans 595
Myiasis 595
Tinea Nigra 595
Leishmaniasis 595
Tungiasis 595
Phytophotodermatitis 595
Seabather’s Eruption 595
37 Topical Treatment Pearls 597
Introduction 597
Best Soaps for Xerosis and Dermatitis 597
Gram-Negative Toe Web Infections: Another Soap Issue 597
What Is the Best Moisturizer? 597
Sunscreens 598
Application of sunscreens 598
When to use sunscreens indoors and under clothing 598
Corticosteroids 598
How much topical corticosteroid do I need to prescribe? 598
Preventing atrophy from topical corticosteroids 599
Reference 599
Additional Conditions e1
Cicatricial Pemphigoid e2
Bullous Pseudoporphyria e4
Livedoid Vasculopathy e6
Neurofibroma e8
Cutaneous Dermoid Cyst e10
Port Wine Stain e12
Index 601
A 601
B 602
C 603
D 605
E 607
F 607
G 608
H 608
I 609
J 610
K 610
L 610
M 611
N 612
O 612
P 613
R 615
S 616
T 618
U 619
V 619
W 620
X 620
Y 620
Inside Back Cover ibc1