Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Anatomy of Orofacial Structures: A Comprehensive Approach, 8th Edition, gives you a clear understanding of oral histology and embryology, dental anatomy, and head and neck anatomy – all in a single resource. With new clinical content, a new chapter on the anatomy of local anesthesia, and an outstanding new full-color art program, this new edition is perfect for anyone studying to be a Dental Assistant or a Dental Hygienist. In addition, it offers the benefits of a combined text and student workbook, with review questions and unit tests, as well as detachable flashcards for on-the-go study – making this one product a complete learning package.
- Comprehensive coverage of all areas of dental sciences includes oral histology and embryology, dental anatomy, and head and neck anatomy.
- Updated, detailed anatomical illustrations support the material, including labeled line drawings, radiographs, and clinical photographs.
- Text/Workbook format includes a perforated workbook section with chapter-by-chapter questions.
- Removable flashcards feature an image of a tooth on one side and that tooth’s identifying/important information on the other side, providing an easy and effective study tool.
- NEW! Chapter on the anatomy of local anesthesia details application techniques.
- NEW! Updated clinical content throughout focuses on evidence-based practice.
- NEW! Full-color program features modern illustrations, histographs, micrographs, and clinical images.
- NEW! Updated test bank with cognitive question leveling and mapping to Certified Dental Assistant (CDA) exam and National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE) blueprints.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Anatomy of Orofacial Structures | i | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Reviewers | vi | ||
| Preface to the Eighth Edition | vii | ||
| Table Of Contents | viii | ||
| Unit I Introduction | 1 | ||
| 1 Oral Cavity | 2 | ||
| Objectives | 2 | ||
| Vestibule | 2 | ||
| Anterior and Posterior Borders | 2 | ||
| Superior and Inferior Borders | 2 | ||
| Coronoid Process | 4 | ||
| Clinical Consideration | 4 | ||
| Alveolar Bone Loss | 4 | ||
| Mucosa | 4 | ||
| Buccal Alveolar Bone | 4 | ||
| Oral Cavity Proper | 5 | ||
| Hard Palate | 5 | ||
| Soft Palate | 6 | ||
| Lateral Borders | 6 | ||
| Posterior Borders | 6 | ||
| Tongue and Floor of Mouth | 7 | ||
| Tongue | 7 | ||
| Floor of Mouth | 7 | ||
| Other Clinical Manifestations of the Oral Cavity | 8 | ||
| Review Questions | 8 | ||
| Unit I Test | 9 | ||
| Unit I Suggested Readings | 9 | ||
| Unit II Dental Anatomy | 10 | ||
| 2 The Tooth | 11 | ||
| Objectives | 11 | ||
| Function of Teeth | 11 | ||
| Crown and Root | 11 | ||
| Root to Crown Ratio | 11 | ||
| Tooth Tissues | 13 | ||
| Enamel | 13 | ||
| Dentin | 14 | ||
| Cementum | 16 | ||
| Pulp | 16 | ||
| Types of Teeth | 17 | ||
| Incisors | 17 | ||
| Canines | 17 | ||
| Premolars | 18 | ||
| Molars | 18 | ||
| Surfaces of Teeth | 19 | ||
| Division of Surfaces | 19 | ||
| Line Angles | 19 | ||
| Line Angles for Anterior Teeth | 19 | ||
| Line Angles for Posterior Teeth | 19 | ||
| Point Angles | 19 | ||
| Point Angles for Anterior Teeth | 19 | ||
| Point Angles for Posterior Teeth | 19 | ||
| Landmarks | 19 | ||
| Anterior Teeth | 25 | ||
| Posterior Teeth | 25 | ||
| Review Questions | 25 | ||
| 3 Fundamental and Preventative Curvatures | 27 | ||
| Objectives | 27 | ||
| Evolution of Fundamental and Preventative Curvatures and Proximal Alignment of the Teeth | 27 | ||
| Proximal Contact Areas | 27 | ||
| Interproximal Spaces | 28 | ||
| Embrasures | 29 | ||
| Location of the Contact Areas, Interproximal Spaces, and Embrasures | 31 | ||
| Facial View | 31 | ||
| Occlusal View | 31 | ||
| Facial and Lingual Contours | 31 | ||
| Curvature of the Cementoenamel Junction | 32 | ||
| Self-Cleaning Qualities of the Teeth | 32 | ||
| Periodontium | 33 | ||
| Review Questions | 35 | ||
| 4 Dentition | 36 | ||
| Objectives | 36 | ||
| Arrangement of Teeth | 36 | ||
| Naming and Coding Teeth | 36 | ||
| Universal System | 36 | ||
| Palmer Notation System | 37 | ||
| Federation Dentaire Internationale System | 39 | ||
| Dental Formula | 41 | ||
| Additional Information | 41 | ||
| Review Questions | 43 | ||
| 5 Development, Form, and Eruption | 44 | ||
| Objectives | 44 | ||
| Developmental and Form | 44 | ||
| Developmental Lobes | 44 | ||
| Lobes and Cusps | 45 | ||
| Premolars | 45 | ||
| Molars | 46 | ||
| Eruption | 47 | ||
| Permanent Dentition | 50 | ||
| Periods of Dentition | 51 | ||
| Review Questions | 53 | ||
| True or False | 53 | ||
| 6 Occlusion | 54 | ||
| Objectives | 54 | ||
| Position and Sequence of Eruption | 54 | ||
| Development of the Mesial Step | 54 | ||
| Horizontal Alignment | 56 | ||
| Vertical Alignment | 57 | ||
| Occlusion | 57 | ||
| Centric Relation | 57 | ||
| Centric Occlusion | 58 | ||
| Overjet, Overbite, and Crossbite | 60 | ||
| Open Bite | 61 | ||
| Occlusal Classification | 61 | ||
| Lateral Mandibular Glide (Lateral Excursion) | 63 | ||
| Protrusion | 64 | ||
| Premature Contact | 64 | ||
| Fundamentals of Ideal Occlusion in Permanent Dentition | 64 | ||
| Review Questions | 66 | ||
| 7 Dental Anomalies | 67 | ||
| Objectives | 67 | ||
| Classification of Dental Anomalies | 67 | ||
| Anomalies in Shape | 67 | ||
| Odontoma | 67 | ||
| Dens in Dente | 69 | ||
| Dilaceration | 69 | ||
| Dwarfed Roots | 69 | ||
| Gemination | 69 | ||
| Fusion | 69 | ||
| Concrescence | 70 | ||
| Hypercementosis | 70 | ||
| Cementoma | 72 | ||
| Enamel Pearls | 72 | ||
| Hutchinson’s Incisors | 72 | ||
| Enamel Dysplasia | 73 | ||
| Enamel Fluorosis | 73 | ||
| Amelogenesis Imperfecta | 73 | ||
| Turner’s Tooth | 73 | ||
| Dentinogenesis Imperfecta | 74 | ||
| Tetracycline Staining | 74 | ||
| Abnormal Crown Shapes | 74 | ||
| Abnormal Root Formation | 75 | ||
| Review Questions | 76 | ||
| 8 Supporting Structures | 77 | ||
| Objectives | 77 | ||
| Gingival Unit | 77 | ||
| Free Gingiva (Marginal Gingiva) | 77 | ||
| Attached Gingiva | 79 | ||
| Alveolar Mucosa | 80 | ||
| Attachment Unit: Periodontium | 80 | ||
| Cementum | 80 | ||
| Alveolar Bone | 81 | ||
| Periodontal Ligament | 83 | ||
| Gingival Sulcus and Dentogingival Junction | 84 | ||
| Review Questions | 85 | ||
| True or False | 86 | ||
| 9 Clinical Considerations | 87 | ||
| Objectives | 87 | ||
| Preventive Clinical Considerations | 87 | ||
| Decay and Periodontal Disease | 87 | ||
| Trauma | 87 | ||
| Contours of Teeth | 88 | ||
| Therapeutic Considerations | 88 | ||
| Maintaining Form in Restorations | 88 | ||
| Maintaining Proper Bite in Restorations | 89 | ||
| Pain | 89 | ||
| Tooth Migration | 89 | ||
| Interrelation of the Dental Structures | 89 | ||
| Review Questions | 91 | ||
| 10 Tooth Identification | 93 | ||
| Objectives | 93 | ||
| General Rules of Tooth Identification | 93 | ||
| Incisors | 93 | ||
| Maxillary | 93 | ||
| Central Incisor | 94 | ||
| Lateral Incisor | 94 | ||
| Right Versus Left | 95 | ||
| Mandibular | 95 | ||
| Central Incisor | 95 | ||
| Unit III Oral Histology and Embryology | 217 | ||
| 17 Basic Tissues | 218 | ||
| Objectives | 218 | ||
| Cell Structure | 218 | ||
| Organelles | 218 | ||
| Cellular Inclusions | 219 | ||
| Epithelial Tissue | 220 | ||
| Simple Epithelium | 220 | ||
| Simple Squamous Epithelium | 220 | ||
| Simple Cuboidal Epithelium | 220 | ||
| Simple Columnar Epithelium | 220 | ||
| Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium | 221 | ||
| Stratified Epithelium | 222 | ||
| Stratified Cuboidal or Stratified Columnar Epithelium | 222 | ||
| Transitional Epithelium | 222 | ||
| Stratified Squamous Epithelium | 222 | ||
| Stratum Basale or Stratum Germinativum | 222 | ||
| Stratum Spinosum | 222 | ||
| Stratum Granulosum | 222 | ||
| Stratum Corneum | 223 | ||
| Glands | 223 | ||
| Distributive Mechanisms | 223 | ||
| Secretory Mechanisms | 223 | ||
| Arrangement of Components | 224 | ||
| Products | 224 | ||
| Embryonic Origin | 224 | ||
| Unit IV Head and Neck Anatomy | 295 | ||
| 26 Osteology of the Skull | 296 | ||
| Objectives | 296 | ||
| Views of the Skull | 296 | ||
| Anterior View of the Skull | 296 | ||
| Lateral View of the Skull | 298 | ||
| Inferior View of the Skull | 298 | ||
| Floor of the Cranial Cavity (Fig. 26.7) | 301 | ||
| Posterior View of the Skull | 301 | ||
| Roof of the Cranial Cavity of the Skull | 301 | ||
| Major Bones of the Skull | 306 | ||
| Neurocranium | 306 | ||
| Viscerocranium | 306 | ||
| Maxillae | 306 | ||
| Processes | 306 | ||
| Maxillary Sinuses | 307 | ||
| Lateral View | 307 | ||
| Inferior View | 307 | ||
| Medial View | 308 | ||
| Mandible | 308 | ||
| Lateral View | 308 | ||
| Medial View | 309 | ||
| Posterior View | 310 | ||
| Review Questions | 311 | ||
| 27 Nose, Nasal Cavity, and Paranasal Sinuses | 312 | ||
| Objectives | 312 | ||
| Nose and Nasal Cavity | 312 | ||
| External View | 312 | ||
| Internal View | 312 | ||
| Epithelial Lining | 312 | ||
| Paranasal Sinuses | 314 | ||
| Location | 314 | ||
| Frontal Sinuses | 314 | ||
| Sphenoid Sinuses | 314 | ||
| Ethmoid Sinuses | 314 | ||
| Anterior Ethmoid Air Cells | 314 | ||
| Middle Ethmoid Air Cells | 314 | ||
| Posterior Ethmoid Air Cells | 315 | ||
| Maxillary Sinuses | 315 | ||
| Function of Sinuses | 316 | ||
| Clinical Problems | 316 | ||
| Review Questions | 316 | ||
| 28 Muscles of Mastication, Hyoid Muscles, and Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles | 317 | ||
| Objectives | 317 | ||
| Muscles of Mastication | 317 | ||
| Masseter Muscle | 317 | ||
| Temporal Muscle | 317 | ||
| Medial Pterygoid Muscle | 318 | ||
| Lateral Pterygoid Muscle | 318 | ||
| Hyoid Muscles | 319 | ||
| Suprahyoid Group | 319 | ||
| Digastric Muscle | 319 | ||
| Mylohyoid Muscle | 321 | ||
| Geniohyoid Muscle | 321 | ||
| Stylohyoid Muscle | 321 | ||
| Infrahyoid Group | 321 | ||
| Omohyoid Muscle | 321 | ||
| Sternohyoid Muscle | 323 | ||
| Sternothyroid Muscle | 323 | ||
| Thyrohyoid Muscle | 323 | ||
| Movements of the Jaw and Larynx | 323 | ||
| Mandibular Protrusion | 323 | ||
| Mandibular Retrusion | 323 | ||
| Lateral Excursion of the Mandible | 323 | ||
| Elevation of the Mandible | 323 | ||
| Depression of the Mandible, Opening of the Mouth | 323 | ||
| Laryngeal Movements | 324 | ||
| Sternocleidomastoid Muscle | 324 | ||
| Trapezius Muscle | 324 | ||
| Review Questions | 326 | ||
| 30 Muscles of Facial Expression | 332 | ||
| Objectives | 332 | ||
| Ears | 332 | ||
| Anterior Auricular Muscle | 332 | ||
| Superior Auricular Muscle | 332 | ||
| Posterior Auricular Muscle | 332 | ||
| Scalp | 332 | ||
| Occipitofrontalis (Epicranius) | 332 | ||
| Neck | 332 | ||
| Platysma | 332 | ||
| Eyes | 332 | ||
| Orbicularis Oculi | 332 | ||
| Corrugator | 334 | ||
| Procerus | 334 | ||
| Nose | 334 | ||
| Dilator Naris | 334 | ||
| Compressor Naris | 335 | ||
| Mouth | 335 | ||
| Orbicularis Oculi | 335 | ||
| Levator Labii Superioris | 335 | ||
| Zygomaticus Minor | 335 | ||
| Zygomaticus Major | 335 | ||
| Levator Anguli Oris | 335 | ||
| Depressor Labii Inferioris | 336 | ||
| Depressor Anguli Oris | 336 | ||
| Mentalis | 336 | ||
| Buccinator | 336 | ||
| Risorius | 337 | ||
| Review Questions | 337 | ||
| 29 Temporomandibular Joint | 327 | ||
| Objectives | 327 | ||
| Structure | 327 | ||
| Movement | 327 | ||
| Problems Associated With the TMJ | 329 | ||
| Pain in the TMJ Area | 329 | ||
| Internal Problems of the TMJ | 329 | ||
| TMJ Sounds | 329 | ||
| Disc Derangement | 329 | ||
| Subluxation | 330 | ||
| Bruxism | 330 | ||
| Arthritis and Other Pain in the TMJ | 330 | ||
| Review Questions | 331 | ||
| 31 Soft Palate and Pharynx | 338 | ||
| Objectives | 338 | ||
| Soft Palate | 338 | ||
| Palatoglossus Muscle | 338 | ||
| Palatopharyngeus Muscle | 338 | ||
| Muscle of the Uvula | 338 | ||
| Levator Veli Palatini | 338 | ||
| Tensor Veli Palatini | 338 | ||
| Pharynx | 339 | ||
| Pharyngeal Constrictors | 339 | ||
| Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle | 339 | ||
| Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle | 342 | ||
| Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle | 343 | ||
| Pharyngeal Elevators and Dilators | 343 | ||
| Palatopharyngeus Muscle | 343 | ||
| Stylopharyngeus Muscle | 343 | ||
| Salpingopharyngeus Muscle | 343 | ||
| Actions | 343 | ||
| Speech | 343 | ||
| Swallowing | 343 | ||
| Review Questions | 344 | ||
| 32 Arterial Supply and Venous Drainage | 345 | ||
| Objectives | 345 | ||
| Arterial Supply | 345 | ||
| Common Carotid Artery | 345 | ||
| Lingual Artery | 345 | ||
| Facial Artery | 346 | ||
| Maxillary Artery | 346 | ||
| Infratemporal Fossa Branches | 348 | ||
| Inferior Alveolar Artery With Mental Branch. | 348 | ||
| Temporal Branches. | 348 | ||
| Masseteric Branch. | 348 | ||
| Pterygoid Branches. | 348 | ||
| Middle Meningeal Artery. | 348 | ||
| Buccal Branch. | 348 | ||
| Pterygopalatine Fossa Branches | 348 | ||
| Descending Palatine Artery. | 348 | ||
| Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery. | 348 | ||
| Pterygopalatine (Sphenopalatine) Artery. | 349 | ||
| Infraorbital Artery. | 349 | ||
| Venous Drainage | 350 | ||
| Jugular Veins | 350 | ||
| Review Questions | 351 | ||
| 33 Salivary Glands | 352 | ||
| Objectives | 352 | ||
| Major Salivary Glands | 352 | ||
| Parotid Gland | 352 | ||
| Submandibular (Submaxillary) Gland | 352 | ||
| Sublingual Gland | 352 | ||
| Minor Salivary Glands | 353 | ||
| Labial Glands | 353 | ||
| Buccal Glands | 354 | ||
| Palatine Glands | 354 | ||
| Glossopalatine Glands | 354 | ||
| Lingual Glands | 354 | ||
| Anterior Lingual Glands | 355 | ||
| Lingual Glands of von Ebner | 355 | ||
| Posterior Lingual Glands | 355 | ||
| Sublingual Glands | 355 | ||
| Development of Salivary Ducts | 355 | ||
| Innervation of Salivary Glands | 355 | ||
| Review Questions | 355 | ||
| 34 Nervous System | 356 | ||
| Objectives | 356 | ||
| Central Nervous System | 356 | ||
| Peripheral Nervous System | 356 | ||
| Spinal Nerves | 356 | ||
| Cranial Nerves | 359 | ||
| Autonomic Nervous System | 360 | ||
| Nerves to the Oral Cavity and Associated Structures | 360 | ||
| Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V) | 360 | ||
| Ophthalmic Division (V1) | 360 | ||
| Maxillary Division (V2) | 361 | ||
| Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve | 362 | ||
| Sphenopalatine Nerve | 362 | ||
| Pterygopalatine Nerves | 363 | ||
| Zygomatic Nerve | 364 | ||
| Infraorbital Nerve | 364 | ||
| Mandibular Division (V3) | 364 | ||
| Anterior Division | 365 | ||
| Buccal Nerve. | 365 | ||
| Posterior Division | 365 | ||
| Lingual Nerve. | 365 | ||
| Inferior Alveolar Nerve. | 365 | ||
| Auriculotemporal Nerve. | 365 | ||
| Facial Nerve (CN VII) | 365 | ||
| Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX) | 367 | ||
| Vagus Nerve (CN X) | 367 | ||
| Review Questions | 367 | ||
| 35 Lymphatics and Spread of Dental Infection | 368 | ||
| Objectives | 368 | ||
| Lymphatic System | 368 | ||
| Distribution Pattern | 368 | ||
| Submandibular Nodes | 368 | ||
| Upper Deep Cervical Nodes | 369 | ||
| Lower Deep Cervical Nodes | 369 | ||
| Node Groups Affected by Disease | 369 | ||
| Spread of Infection in Fascial Spaces | 369 | ||
| Other Maxillary Infections | 371 | ||
| Review Questions | 371 | ||
| 36 Anatomic Considerations of Local Anesthesia | 372 | ||
| Objectives | 372 | ||
| Dental Local Anesthetics | 372 | ||
| Local Infiltration or Supraperiosteal Injection | 372 | ||
| Local Infiltration | 372 | ||
| Supraperiosteal Injection | 372 | ||
| Maxillary Supraperiosteal Injection | 372 | ||
| Mandibular Supraperiosteal Injection | 372 | ||
| Dental Nerve Blocks | 374 | ||
| Maxillary Nerve Blocks | 374 | ||
| Palatal Nerve Blocks | 377 | ||
| Mandibular Nerve Blocks | 378 | ||
| Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block | 378 | ||
| Mental Block | 380 | ||
| Incisive Nerve Block | 380 | ||
| Buccal Nerve Block | 380 | ||
| Gow-Gates Nerve Block | 380 | ||
| Review Questions | 381 | ||
| Unit IV Test | 383 | ||
| Unit IV Suggested Readings | 387 | ||
| Appendix | 388 | ||
| Glossary | 390 | ||
| A | 390 | ||
| B | 391 | ||
| C | 391 | ||
| D | 392 | ||
| E | 393 | ||
| F | 393 | ||
| G | 394 | ||
| H | 394 | ||
| I | 395 | ||
| J | 395 | ||
| K | 395 | ||
| L | 395 | ||
| M | 396 | ||
| N | 397 | ||
| O | 398 | ||
| P | 398 | ||
| Q | 400 | ||
| R | 400 | ||
| S | 400 | ||
| T | 402 | ||
| U | 402 | ||
| V | 402 | ||
| W | 402 | ||
| Z | 402 | ||
| Index | 403 | ||
| A | 403 | ||
| B | 403 | ||
| C | 404 | ||
| D | 405 | ||
| E | 405 | ||
| F | 406 | ||
| G | 406 | ||
| H | 407 | ||
| I | 407 | ||
| J | 407 | ||
| K | 407 | ||
| L | 407 | ||
| M | 408 | ||
| N | 410 | ||
| O | 410 | ||
| P | 411 | ||
| Q | 412 | ||
| R | 412 | ||
| S | 412 | ||
| T | 413 | ||
| U | 414 | ||
| V | 414 | ||
| W | 414 | ||
| X | 414 | ||
| Y | 414 | ||
| Z | 414 | ||
| Workbook | 415 | ||
| 1 Oral Cavity | 415 | ||
| True-False Questions | 415 | ||
| Multiple-Choice Questions | 415 | ||
| Case Study | 416 | ||
| 2 The Tooth: Functions and Terms | 417 | ||
| True-False Questions | 417 | ||
| Matching | 417 | ||
| Multiple-Choice Questions | 417 | ||
| Case Study | 418 | ||
| 3 Fundamental and Preventative Curvatures: Proximal Alignment of Teeth and Protection of the Periodontium | 419 | ||
| True-False Questions | 419 | ||
| Matching | 419 | ||
| Multiple-Choice Questions | 419 | ||
| Case Study | 420 | ||
| 4 Dentition | 421 | ||
| True-False Questions | 421 | ||
| Fill-In-The-Blanks | 421 | ||
| Multiple-Choice Questions | 421 | ||
| 5 Tooth Development, Form, and Eruption | 423 | ||
| True-False Questions | 423 | ||
| Multiple-Choice Questions | 423 | ||
| 6 Occlusion of the Tooth | 425 | ||
| True-False Questions | 425 | ||
| Matching | 425 | ||
| Multiple-Choice Question | 425 | ||
| Case Study | 426 | ||
| 7 Dental Anomalies | 427 | ||
| True-False Questions | 427 | ||
| Flashcards | 483 |