BOOK
Duke Review of MRI Principles:Case Review Series E-Book
Wells Mangrum | Quoc Bao Hoang | Tim J Amrhein | Scott M Duncan | Charles M Maxfield | Elmar Merkle | Allen W Song
(2018)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
A solid understanding of MRI physics is essential for both residents and practicing radiologists, and Duke Review of MRI Physics Principles: Case Review Series, 2nd Edition, provides practical applications, board-style self-assessment questions, and clinically relevant cases in a high-yield, easy-to-digest format. Designed to help you solve clinical questions, arrive at accurate diagnoses, and use MRI more effectively in your practice, it uses a case-based approach to demonstrate the basic physics of MRI and how it applies to successful and accurate imaging, interpretation, and diagnosis.
- Includes a new chapter on MRI Safety, as well as new and improved color images in functional MRI, perfusion MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging.
- Includes new Take-Home-Points at the end of each chapter for easy recall and review.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| IFC | ES1 | ||
| Duke Reviewof MRI Physics: CASE REVIEW SERIES\r | i | ||
| Series Editor | ii | ||
| Volumes in the CASE REVIEW Series | ii | ||
| Duke Reviewof MRI Physics: CASE REVIEW SERIES\r | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Dedication\r | v | ||
| CONTRIBUTORS | vii | ||
| SERIES FOREWORD | ix | ||
| PREFACE | xi | ||
| CONTENTS | xiii | ||
| 1 - T1 Contrast\r | 1 | ||
| Case Answers | 2 | ||
| Basic Spin Principles and T1 Relaxation | 2 | ||
| T1 Contrast and Pulse Sequence Considerations | 3 | ||
| Spin Echo | 3 | ||
| Gradient Recalled Echo | 3 | ||
| Clinical Applications | 4 | ||
| 2 - T2 Contrast\r | 11 | ||
| Case Answers | 12 | ||
| Basic Spin Principles and T2 Relaxation | 12 | ||
| T2 Contrast and Pulse Sequence Considerations | 13 | ||
| Spin Echo | 13 | ||
| Gradient Recalled Echo | 14 | ||
| Fat on T2-Weighted Imaging | 15 | ||
| CASE 2.2 ANSWER | 15 | ||
| Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease | 17 | ||
| Variable Appearance of Fluid on T2-Weighted Imaging | 17 | ||
| CASES 2.3, 2.4, AND 2.5 ANSWERS | 17 | ||
| Cavernoma With Superficial Siderosis | 19 | ||
| Appearance of Blood on T2-Weighted Spin Echo Images | 19 | ||
| CASES 2.6 AND 2.7 ANSWERS | 19 | ||
| Pivot Shift Bone Marrow Contusion | 20 | ||
| Marrow T2 Hyperintensity | 20 | ||
| CASE 2.8 ANSWER | 20 | ||
| Vasogenic Edema Secondary to Multiple Brain Metastases | 21 | ||
| Vasogenic Edema and Cytotoxic Edema | 21 | ||
| CASES 2.9, 2.10, AND 2.11 ANSWERS | 22 | ||
| MR Cholangiopancreatography | 23 | ||
| CASES 2.12, 2.13, AND 2.14 ANSWERS | 23 | ||
| Peripheral Nerve Schwannoma | 25 | ||
| Hepatic Hemangioma | 25 | ||
| T2 Hyperintense Neoplasms | 25 | ||
| CASES 2.15, 2.16, AND 2.17 ANSWER | 25 | ||
| Full-Thickness Tear of the Supraspinatus Tendon | 26 | ||
| Fibulocollateral Ligament Sprain | 26 | ||
| Physics of Low T2 Signal in Tendons and Ligaments | 26 | ||
| CASE 2.19 ANSWER | 26 | ||
| MR Appearance of Cartilage | 27 | ||
| CASE 2.20 ANSWER | 27 | ||
| Septate Uterus | 28 | ||
| Uterine Leiomyomas | 28 | ||
| Uterine Anatomy and Tight Cell Packing | 28 | ||
| CASE 2.22 ANSWER | 28 | ||
| Prostate Adenocarcinoma Invasion into the Left Seminal Vesicles | 29 | ||
| Brain Abscess With a Thin T2 Hypointense Rim | 30 | ||
| Pathology Manifesting as T2 Hypointensity | 30 | ||
| TAKE-HOME POINTS | 30 | ||
| Physics | 30 | ||
| Clinical Considerations | 30 | ||
| References | 31 | ||
| 3 - Proton Density\r | 33 | ||
| Case Answers | 34 | ||
| Physics | 34 | ||
| Clinical Considerations | 35 | ||
| 4 - Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents\r | 39 | ||
| Case Answers | 40 | ||
| Physics | 40 | ||
| Discussion | 41 | ||
| CASE 4.2 ANSWERS | 41 | ||
| Discussion | 42 | ||
| CASE 4.3 ANSWERS | 42 | ||
| Discussion | 43 | ||
| CASE 4.4 ANSWERS | 43 | ||
| Discussion | 44 | ||
| CASE 4.5 ANSWERS | 44 | ||
| Discussion | 45 | ||
| CASE 4.6 ANSWERS | 45 | ||
| Discussion | 46 | ||
| CASE 4.7 ANSWERS | 46 | ||
| TAKE-HOME POINTS | 47 | ||
| Suggested Readings | 47 | ||
| 5 - Frequency and Spatial Saturation Pulses\r | 49 | ||
| Case Answers | 50 | ||
| Saturation Pulses | 50 | ||
| 6 - Inversion Recovery\r | 55 | ||
| Case Answers | 56 | ||
| Inversion Recovery | 56 | ||
| Diagnosis | 57 | ||
| Discussion | 57 | ||
| CASE 6.2 ANSWERS | 58 | ||
| Diagnosis | 59 | ||
| Discussion | 59 | ||
| CASE 6.3 ANSWER | 59 | ||
| Diagnosis | 60 | ||
| Discussion | 60 | ||
| CASE 6.4 ANSWER | 60 | ||
| Diagnosis | 61 | ||
| 7 - Type 2 Chemical Shift Artifact\r | 65 | ||
| Case Answers | 66 | ||
| Type 2 Chemical Shift | 66 | ||
| Hepatic Steatosis and Focal Fat Sparing | 68 | ||
| CASES 7.2 AND 7.3 ANSWERS | 68 | ||
| Hemosiderin Deposition | 69 | ||
| Signal Loss from T2* Decay | 69 | ||
| CASES 7.4 AND 7.5 ANSWERS | 70 | ||
| Angiomyolipoma and Hemorrhagic Cyst | 71 | ||
| Using the India Ink Artifact | 71 | ||
| CASES 7.6 AND 7.7 ANSWERS | 71 | ||
| Hepatocellular Adenoma | 72 | ||
| CASE 7.8 ANSWERS | 72 | ||
| Dixon Technique | 72 | ||
| Mature Cystic Ovarian Teratoma (Dermoid Cyst) | 74 | ||
| Using Fat-Water Separation Imaging | 74 | ||
| CASE 7.10 ANSWERS | 74 | ||
| TAKE-HOME POINTS | 74 | ||
| Physics | 74 | ||
| Clinical Considerations | 74 | ||
| References | 74 | ||
| 8 - Susceptibility Artifact\r | 77 | ||
| Case Answers | 78 | ||
| Susceptibility Artifact | 78 | ||
| Discussion | 81 | ||
| CASES 8.2, 8.3, AND 8.4 ANSWERS | 81 | ||
| Susceptibility in Gradient Recalled Echo and Susceptibility-Weighted Image Sequences | 81 | ||
| Discussion | 82 | ||
| Further Considerations Regarding Susceptibility in GRE and SWI Sequences | 82 | ||
| CASE 8.5 ANSWER | 82 | ||
| Blooming Due to Susceptibility | 83 | ||
| CASE 8.6 ANSWER | 83 | ||
| Discussion | 84 | ||
| Susceptibility Effects in Relation to Time to Echo | 84 | ||
| CASES 8.7 AND 8.8 ANSWERS | 84 | ||
| Susceptibility and Fat Suppression | 85 | ||
| CASE 8.9 ANSWER | 85 | ||
| Discussion | 86 | ||
| Susceptibility With Flair Imaging | 86 | ||
| CASE 8.10 ANSWER | 86 | ||
| Discussion | 88 | ||
| Susceptibility With Diffusion Imaging | 88 | ||
| CASE 8.11 ANSWER | 88 | ||
| Susceptibility With T2-Weighted Imaging | 89 | ||
| CASES 8.12, 8.13, AND 8.14 ANSWER | 89 | ||
| TAKE-HOME POINTS\r | 89 | ||
| Defining Susceptibility\r | 89 | ||
| Methods to Reduce Susceptibility Artifact | 89 | ||
| Clinical Utility of Susceptibility Artifact | 89 | ||
| Susceptibility Artifact Interference With Diagnosis | 89 | ||
| Sequences Sensitive to Susceptibility Effects | 89 | ||
| References | 90 | ||
| 9 - Motion, Pulsation, and Other Artifacts \r | 91 | ||
| CASE ANSWERS | 92 | ||
| Motion and Pulsation Artifact | 92 | ||
| 10 - Vascular Contrast\r | 107 | ||
| CASE ANSWERS | 108 | ||
| Vascular Contrast | 109 | ||
| Flow Voids | 109 | ||
| Flow-Related Enhancement | 109 | ||
| Entry Slice Phenomenon | 110 | ||
| Gradient Moment Nulling | 110 | ||
| Discussion | 112 | ||
| CASE 10.2 ANSWER | 112 | ||
| Discussion | 113 | ||
| CASE 10.3 ANSWERS | 113 | ||
| 11 - Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging\r | 121 | ||
| CASE ANSWERS | 122 | ||
| Discussion | 122 | ||
| Cardiac MRI | 122 | ||
| Black Blood Technique | 122 | ||
| White Blood Technique | 123 | ||
| Discussion | 124 | ||
| CASE 11.2 ANSWER | 124 | ||
| Discussion | 125 | ||
| CASE 11.3 ANSWERS | 125 | ||
| Discussion | 126 | ||
| CASE 11.4 ANSWERS | 126 | ||
| Discussion | 127 | ||
| CASE 11.5 ANSWER | 127 | ||
| Discussion | 128 | ||
| CASE 11.6 ANSWERS | 129 | ||
| Discussion | 130 | ||
| CASE 11.7 ANSWER | 130 | ||
| TAKE-HOME POINTS | 130 | ||
| References | 130 | ||
| 12 - Time-of-Flight Imaging\r | 131 | ||
| Case Answers | 132 | ||
| Physics | 132 | ||
| Signal Saturation | 132 | ||
| Inflow of Unsaturated (Fresh) Protons | 133 | ||
| Limitations to Time of Flight | 133 | ||
| Additional Properties Unique to Time of Flight | 134 | ||
| Discussion | 135 | ||
| CASE 12.2 ANSWERS | 136 | ||
| Discussion | 137 | ||
| CASE 12.3 ANSWERS | 137 | ||
| Discussion | 138 | ||
| CASE 12.4 ANSWER | 138 | ||
| Discussion | 139 | ||
| CASE 12.5 ANSWER | 139 | ||
| Discussion | 140 | ||
| CASE 12.6 ANSWER | 140 | ||
| Discussion | 142 | ||
| CASE 12.7 ANSWER | 142 | ||
| TAKE-HOME POINTS | 143 | ||
| References | 143 | ||
| 13 - Time-Resolved Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography\r | 145 | ||
| CASE ANSWERS | 146 | ||
| Time-Resolved Magnetic Resonance Angiography | 146 | ||
| k-Space Physics | 146 | ||
| k-Space Filling Techniques | 147 | ||
| Parallel Imaging | 147 | ||
| Discussion | 149 | ||
| CASE 13.2 ANSWERS | 149 | ||
| Discussion | 150 | ||
| CASE 13.3 ANSWER | 150 | ||
| Discussion | 152 | ||
| CASE 13.4 ANSWERS | 152 | ||
| Discussion | 154 | ||
| CASE 13.5 ANSWER | 154 | ||
| Discussion | 156 | ||
| CASE 13.6 ANSWER | 156 | ||
| Discussion | 157 | ||
| CASE 13.7 ANSWER | 157 | ||
| TAKE-HOME POINTS | 158 | ||
| References | 158 | ||
| 14 - Phase Contrast\r | 159 | ||
| Case Answers | 160 | ||
| Thrombus | 161 | ||
| Phase Contrast Imaging | 161 | ||
| Conventional Two- and Three-Dimensional Phase Contrast Imaging | 161 | ||
| Four-Dimensional Phase Contrast Imaging | 163 | ||
| CASE 14.2 ANSWERS | 163 | ||
| Right Transverse and Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosis | 163 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Venogram | 163 | ||
| CASE 14.3 ANSWERS | 164 | ||
| Chiari I Malformation | 165 | ||
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow | 165 | ||
| CASE 14.4 ANSWERS | 165 | ||
| Atrial Septal Defect | 166 | ||
| Flow Assessment | 166 | ||
| CASE 14.5 ANSWERS | 166 | ||
| Phase Contrast Assessment of Aortic Valve Pathology and Cardiac Flow Quantification | 169 | ||
| CASES 14.6 AND 14.7 ANSWERS | 169 | ||
| TAKE-HOME POINTS | 169 | ||
| Physics | 169 | ||
| Clinical Considerations | 169 | ||
| References | 169 | ||
| 15 - Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging\r | 171 | ||
| Case Answers | 172 | ||
| Physics | 173 | ||
| Discussion | 175 | ||
| CASE 15.2 ANSWERS | 175 | ||
| 16 - Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging\r | 187 | ||
| CASE ANSWER | 188 | ||
| Discussion | 189 | ||
| Ring Artifact | 189 | ||
| CASE 16.2 ANSWER | 189 | ||
| Discussion | 190 | ||
| Cardiac Perfusion MRI: Further Considerations | 190 | ||
| CASE 16.3 ANSWER | 190 | ||
| Brain Perfusion MRI | 191 | ||
| CASE 16.4 ANSWER | 191 | ||
| MRI Perfusion Limitations | 192 | ||
| CASE 16.5 ANSWER | 192 | ||
| Discussion | 193 | ||
| MRI Perfusion Methods | 193 | ||
| CASE 16.6 ANSWER | 195 | ||
| Discussion | 196 | ||
| Other Uses of MRI Perfusion | 196 | ||
| CASE 16.7 ANSWER | 196 | ||
| Discussion | 197 | ||
| Other Uses of MRI Perfusion | 197 | ||
| CASE 16.8 ANSWER | 197 | ||
| Discussion | 198 | ||
| CASE 16.9 ANSWER | 198 | ||
| Discussion | 199 | ||
| CASE 16.10 ANSWER | 199 | ||
| Discussion | 201 | ||
| CASE 16.11 ANSWER | 201 | ||
| TAKE-HOME POINTS | 201 | ||
| Defining Perfusion | 201 | ||
| Cardiac Perfusion Imaging | 201 | ||
| Brain Perfusion Imaging | 201 | ||
| Body Perfusion Imaging | 201 | ||
| References | 201 | ||
| 17 - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy\r | 203 | ||
| CASE ANSWER | 203 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 204 | ||
| Discussion | 205 | ||
| Normal Spectrum | 205 | ||
| CASE 17.2 ANSWERS | 206 | ||
| Astrocytoma Grading | 206 | ||
| Single-Voxel Versus Multivoxel Spectroscopy | 207 | ||
| CASE 17.3 ANSWER | 207 | ||
| Low-Grade Astrocytoma | 208 | ||
| Spectroscopy Changes With Field Strength and Time to Echo | 208 | ||
| CASE 17.4 ANSWER | 208 | ||
| Lactate Peaks | 209 | ||
| CASE 17.5 ANSWER | 209 | ||
| Acute Infarct | 210 | ||
| CASE 17.6 ANSWER | 210 | ||
| Kearns-Sayre Syndrome | 210 | ||
| CASE 17.7 ANSWER | 210 | ||
| Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy | 211 | ||
| Voxel Size in Spectroscopy | 212 | ||
| CASE 17.8 ANSWER | 212 | ||
| Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System | 213 | ||
| CASE 17.9 ANSWER | 213 | ||
| Krabbe Disease | 214 | ||
| Multivoxel Spectroscopy | 214 | ||
| CASE 17.10 ANSWERS | 214 | ||
| Alzheimer Disease | 215 | ||
| CASE 17.11 ANSWER | 215 | ||
| TAKE-HOME POINTS | 215 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENT | 215 | ||
| References | 215 | ||
| 18 - Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging\r | 217 | ||
| Case Answers | 218 | ||
| Functional MRI | 219 | ||
| Wada Test and Intraoperative Cortical Stimulation | 219 | ||
| BOLD Effect and the Hemodynamic Response | 219 | ||
| Creating fMRI Images | 220 | ||
| Diagnosis | 221 | ||
| Discussion | 221 | ||
| fMRI Tasks | 221 | ||
| CASE 18.2 ANSWERS | 221 | ||
| Diagnosis | 222 | ||
| Discussion | 222 | ||
| Statistical Analysis of fMRI Data | 222 | ||
| CASE 18.3 ANSWERS | 223 | ||
| Diagnosis | 223 | ||
| Discussion | 223 | ||
| Supplementary Cortical Activation | 223 | ||
| CASE 18.4 ANSWERS | 223 | ||
| Diagnosis | 225 | ||
| Discussion | 225 | ||
| Participatory Cortical Areas | 225 | ||
| CASE 18.5 ANSWER | 225 | ||
| Diagnosis | 226 | ||
| Discussion | 226 | ||
| Susceptibility Artifact | 226 | ||
| CASE 18.6 ANSWER | 226 | ||
| Diagnosis | 227 | ||
| Discussion | 227 | ||
| Pathology Results in Alterations to the Hemodynamic Response | 227 | ||
| CASE 18.7 ANSWER | 227 | ||
| Diagnosis | 228 | ||
| Discussion | 228 | ||
| Tumors Effect on Autoregulation | 228 | ||
| CASE 18.8 ANSWER | 228 | ||
| Diagnosis | 229 | ||
| Discussion | 229 | ||
| Motion and Susceptibility Artifact Limitations | 229 | ||
| CASE 18.9 ANSWER | 229 | ||
| TAKE-HOME POINTS | 229 | ||
| References | 229 | ||
| 19 - Basics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Safety\r | 231 | ||
| CASE ANSWER | 232 | ||
| MR Safety | 232 | ||
| Static Magnetic Field | 232 | ||
| Direct Effects of the Static Magnetic Field | 233 | ||
| Indirect Effects of the Static Magnetic Field | 233 | ||
| ANSWERS: STATIC MAGNETIC FIELD | 234 | ||
| Magnetic Materials | 234 | ||
| Preventing Accidents Due to Magnetic Attraction | 235 | ||
| Quenching | 235 | ||
| ANSWERS: QUENCHING | 236 | ||
| Gradient Fields | 236 | ||
| Direct Effects | 236 | ||
| Indirect Effects | 236 | ||
| Radiofrequency Field | 236 | ||
| ANSWERS: SPECIFIC ENERGY ABSORPTION RATE | 238 | ||
| Discussion | 239 | ||
| Implants and MRI | 239 | ||
| CASE 19.2 ANSWERS | 240 | ||
| Discussion | 240 | ||
| Active Devices | 240 | ||
| CASE 19.3 ANSWERS | 240 | ||
| Discussion | 241 | ||
| Passive Implants | 241 | ||
| Piercings | 241 | ||
| Tattoos and Permanent Makeup | 241 | ||
| CASE 19.4 ANSWERS | 242 | ||
| TAKE-HOME POINTS | 242 | ||
| References | 242 | ||
| INDEX | 243 | ||
| A | 243 | ||
| B | 243 | ||
| C | 243 | ||
| D | 244 | ||
| E | 244 | ||
| F | 244 | ||
| G | 244 | ||
| H | 245 | ||
| I | 245 | ||
| J | 245 | ||
| K | 245 | ||
| L | 245 | ||
| M | 245 | ||
| N | 246 | ||
| O | 246 | ||
| P | 246 | ||
| Q | 247 | ||
| R | 247 | ||
| S | 247 | ||
| T | 247 | ||
| U | 248 | ||
| V | 248 | ||
| W | 248 | ||
| X | 248 | ||
| Z | 248 | ||
| IBC | ES2 |