BOOK
State-of-the-Art Imaging of Head and Neck Tumors, An Issue of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America, E-Book
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of MRI Clinics of North America focuses on State-of-the-Art Imaging of Head and Neck Tumors, and is edited by Dr. Girish M. Fatterpekar. Articles will include: Spectral CT: Technique and Applications for Head and Neck Cancer; State-of-the-Art Perfusion Imaging for Head and Neck Cancer; PET-CT in Head and Neck Cancer: Where Do We Currently Stand; Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System (NI-RADS) for Head and Neck Cancer; CT vs MR in Head and Neck Cancer: When to Use What and Image Optimization Strategies; Practical Tips for MR Imaging of Perineural Tumor Spread; High-resolution Extracranial Nerve MR Imaging; Diffusion-weighted Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer: Technique, Limitations, and Applications; Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer; Update in Parathyroid Imaging; PET-MR Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer: Current Applications and Future Directions, and more!
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| State-of-the-Art Imaging of Head and Neck Tumors\r | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITORS | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | vii | ||
| Foreword | vii | ||
| Preface: Advanced Imaging in Head and Neck Tumors | vii | ||
| Spectral Computed Tomography: Technique and Applications for Head and Neck Cancer | vii | ||
| Perfusion and Permeability Imaging for Head and Neck Cancer: Theory, Acquisition, Postprocessing, and Relevance to Clinical ... | vii | ||
| PET–Computed Tomography in Head and Neck Cancer: Current Evidence and Future Directions | vii | ||
| Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System | viii | ||
| Computed Tomography Versus Magnetic Resonance in Head and Neck Cancer: When to Use What and Image Optimization Strategies | viii | ||
| Practical Tips for MR Imaging of Perineural Tumor Spread | viii | ||
| High-Resolution Isotropic Three-Dimensional MR Imaging of the Extraforaminal Segments of the Cranial Nerves | viii | ||
| Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer: Technique, Limitations, and Applications | viii | ||
| Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer | ix | ||
| Update in Parathyroid Imaging | ix | ||
| PET/MR Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer: Current Applications and Future Directions | ix | ||
| MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING\rCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA\r | x | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | x | ||
| May 2018 | x | ||
| August 2018 | x | ||
| November 2018 | x | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | x | ||
| November 2017 | x | ||
| August 2017 | x | ||
| May 2017 | x | ||
| CME Accreditation Page | xi | ||
| PROGRAM OBJECTIVE | xi | ||
| TARGET AUDIENCE | xi | ||
| LEARNING OBJECTIVES | xi | ||
| ACCREDITATION | xi | ||
| DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST | xi | ||
| UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE | xi | ||
| TO ENROLL | xii | ||
| METHOD OF PARTICIPATION | xii | ||
| CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS | xii | ||
| Foreword | xiii | ||
| Preface:\rAdvanced Imaging in Head and Neck Tumors | xv | ||
| Spectral Computed Tomography | 1 | ||
| Key points | 1 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE | 2 | ||
| DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANNING SYSTEMS: A REVIEW OF CURRENT AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGY | 2 | ||
| Dual-Source Dual-Energy Computed Tomography | 2 | ||
| Single-Source Dual-Energy Computed Tomography with Rapid Kilovolt Peak Switching (Gemstone Spectral Imaging) | 3 | ||
| Layered or “Sandwich” Detector Dual-Energy Computed Tomography | 3 | ||
| Single-Source Dual-Energy Computed Tomography with Beam Filtration at the Source (TwinBeam Dual-Energy Computed Tomography) | 4 | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Scanning Using Sequential Acquisitions | 4 | ||
| FUNDAMENTALS OF DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY TISSUE CHARACTERIZATION | 4 | ||
| DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGE RECONSTRUCTIONS AND MATERIAL DECOMPOSITION MAPS FOR THE EVALUATION OF THE NECK | 5 | ||
| Virtual Monochromatic Images | 6 | ||
| Weighted Average Images | 7 | ||
| Material Decomposition Maps | 8 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF RADIATION DOSE AND IMAGE QUALITY IN DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 8 | ||
| WORKFLOW IMPLICATIONS OF DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 8 | ||
| DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS FOR THE EVALUATION OF PATHOLOGY IN THE NECK | 9 | ||
| Evaluation of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Boundaries | 9 | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Recurrence | 11 | ||
| Determination of Thyroid Cartilage Invasion | 11 | ||
| Artifact Reduction | 13 | ||
| Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Evaluation of Cervical Lymphadenopathy | 13 | ||
| Multiparametric Approach for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Evaluation Using Dual-Energy Computed Tomography | 14 | ||
| SUMMARY | 14 | ||
| REFERENCES | 15 | ||
| Perfusion and Permeability Imaging for Head and Neck Cancer | 19 | ||
| Key points | 19 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 19 | ||
| PERFUSION FUNDAMENTALS | 20 | ||
| Perfusion Imaging Basics | 20 | ||
| Permeability Imaging Basics | 22 | ||
| Models and Interpretation of Data | 23 | ||
| ACQUISITION PROTOCOLS AND OPTIMIZATION | 25 | ||
| Contrast Concentration to Data | 25 | ||
| Protocols | 25 | ||
| Selection of Modality | 27 | ||
| PREPROCESSING AND POSTPROCESSING | 27 | ||
| Preprocessing, Preconditioning, or the Cleaning of Data | 27 | ||
| Determination of the Arterial Input Function | 28 | ||
| Analysis | 28 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF PERFUSION PERMEABILITY IMAGING TO HEAD AND NECK CANCER | 29 | ||
| Distinction of Head and Neck Cancer from Benign Tissue | 29 | ||
| Determine Local Extension of Head and Neck Cancer | 29 | ||
| Distinction of Benign Versus Malignant Tumor | 29 | ||
| Metastatic Cervical Lymph Nodes | 29 | ||
| Guidance for Biopsy | 29 | ||
| Biomarker of Angiogenesis | 29 | ||
| Recurrent Tumor Versus Posttherapeutic Changes | 29 | ||
| Prediction of Response to Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy | 29 | ||
| Treatment Response Monitoring During and After Treatment | 31 | ||
| Lymphoma | 32 | ||
| SUMMARY | 32 | ||
| REFERENCES | 33 | ||
| PET–Computed Tomography in Head and Neck Cancer | 37 | ||
| Key points | 37 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 37 | ||
| BASICS OF 18F-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE PET–COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY | 38 | ||
| UTILITY OF 18F-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE PET–COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN INITIAL DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT | 38 | ||
| Initial Staging | 38 | ||
| Unknown Primary | 41 | ||
| Secondary Primary | 41 | ||
| Impact on Radiation Plan | 41 | ||
| Prediction of Prognosis | 43 | ||
| UTILITY OF 18F-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE PET–COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AFTER INITIAL TREATMENT | 43 | ||
| Treatment Response and Early Follow-up | 43 | ||
| Long-Term Prognosis and Surveillance | 45 | ||
| NON–18F-FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE PET: THE FUTURE OF MOLECULAR IMAGING AND PERSONALIZED MEDICINE | 46 | ||
| SUMMARY | 47 | ||
| REFERENCES | 47 | ||
| Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System | 51 | ||
| Key points | 51 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 51 | ||
| Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System Template and Legend | 51 | ||
| SURVEILLANCE IMAGING ALGORITHM | 53 | ||
| NECK IMAGING REPORTING AND DATA SYSTEM 1: NO EVIDENCE OF RECURRENCE → ROUTINE SURVEILLANCE | 54 | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria Box | 54 | ||
| Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System 1 descriptors: low density submucosal edema, low-density effacement of fat planes, d ... | 54 | ||
| Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System category 1 has a 3% rate of positive disease | 54 | ||
| Primary | 55 | ||
| Neck | 55 | ||
| Pearls and pitfalls | 55 | ||
| NECK IMAGING REPORTING AND DATA SYSTEM 2: LOW SUSPICION FOR RECURRENCE → SHORT-TERM FOLLOW-UP OR MUCOSAL INSPECTION | 55 | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria Box | 55 | ||
| Legend with Linked Management | 56 | ||
| Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System category 2 has a 17% rate of positive disease | 56 | ||
| Primary | 56 | ||
| Neck | 58 | ||
| Pearls and pitfalls | 58 | ||
| NECK IMAGING REPORTING AND DATA SYSTEM 3: HIGH SUSPICION FOR RECURRENCE → BIOPSY | 58 | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria Box | 58 | ||
| Legend with Linked Management | 59 | ||
| Primary or neck 3 → biopsy | 59 | ||
| Neck Imaging Reporting and Data System category 3 has a 59% rate of positive disease | 59 | ||
| Primary | 59 | ||
| Neck | 60 | ||
| Pearls and pitfalls | 60 | ||
| NECK IMAGING REPORTING AND DATA SYSTEM 4: DEFINITE RECURRENCE | 61 | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria Box | 61 | ||
| Primary and neck | 61 | ||
| SUMMARY | 62 | ||
| REFERENCES | 62 | ||
| Computed Tomography Versus Magnetic Resonance in Head and Neck Cancer | 63 | ||
| Key points | 63 | ||
| NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA | 63 | ||
| ORAL CAVITY CARCINOMA | 67 | ||
| OROPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA | 70 | ||
| HYPOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA | 72 | ||
| LARYNGEAL CARCINOMA | 72 | ||
| T3 | 76 | ||
| T4 | 76 | ||
| UNKNOWN PRIMARY TUMORS OF THE HEAD AND NECK | 78 | ||
| REFERENCES | 82 | ||
| Practical Tips for MR Imaging of Perineural Tumor Spread | 85 | ||
| Key points | 85 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 85 | ||
| NORMAL ANATOMY AND IMAGING TECHNIQUES | 86 | ||
| Trigeminal Nerve | 86 | ||
| Facial Nerve | 88 | ||
| Neuronal Connections Between Cranial Nerves V and VII | 89 | ||
| Imaging Techniques | 91 | ||
| Slice thickness and field of view | 92 | ||
| Sequences | 92 | ||
| Gadolinium administration | 94 | ||
| Imaging planes | 94 | ||
| IMAGING PROTOCOLS | 94 | ||
| IMAGING FINDINGS AND PATHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT | 94 | ||
| Enlargement and/or Enhancement of a Nerve | 94 | ||
| Enlargement and/or Erosion of Neural Foramina or Canals | 94 | ||
| Obliteration of Fat Planes | 94 | ||
| Thickening and/or Enhancement of the Superior Muscular Aponeurotic System | 95 | ||
| Muscular Denervation | 95 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA | 95 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 95 | ||
| PEARLS, PITFALLS, AND VARIANTS | 95 | ||
| Physiologic Enhancement of Facial Nerve | 95 | ||
| Variations in Venous Structures | 95 | ||
| WHAT THE REFERRING PHYSICIAN NEEDS TO KNOW | 98 | ||
| SUMMARY | 99 | ||
| REFERENCES | 99 | ||
| High-Resolution Isotropic Three-Dimensional MR Imaging of the Extraforaminal Segments of the Cranial Nerves | 101 | ||
| Key points | 101 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 101 | ||
| IMAGING APPROACHES | 102 | ||
| TECHNIQUE (CONSTRUCTIVE INTERFERENCE IN STEADY-STATE) | 104 | ||
| DISCUSSION | 104 | ||
| CRANIAL NERVE II: OPTIC NERVE, ANATOMY | 105 | ||
| Cranial Nerve II.g: Selected Pathologic Abnormalities | 105 | ||
| NERVE, ANATOMY | 106 | ||
| CRANIAL NERVE IV.G: TROCHLEAR NERVE, ANATOMY | 106 | ||
| CRANIAL NERVE VI.G: ABDUCENS NERVE, ANATOMY | 106 | ||
| CRANIAL NERVES III.G, IV.G, AND VI.G: SELECTED PATHOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES | 106 | ||
| CRANIAL NERVE V: TRIGEMINAL NERVE | 107 | ||
| Cranial Nerve V.1.g: Ophthalmic Division, Trigeminal Nerve Anatomy | 107 | ||
| Cranial Nerve V.1.g: Selected Pathologic Abnormalities | 108 | ||
| Cranial Nerve V.2.g: Maxillary Division, Trigeminal Nerve Anatomy | 108 | ||
| Cranial Nerve V.2.g: Selected Pathologic Abnormalities | 110 | ||
| Cranial Nerve V. 3.g: Mandibular Division, Trigeminal Nerve, Anatomy | 110 | ||
| Cranial Nerve V.3.g: Selected Pathologic Abnormalities | 111 | ||
| CRANIAL NERVE VII.G: FACIAL NERVE, ANATOMY | 111 | ||
| Cranial Nerve VII.g: Selected Pathologic Abnormality | 112 | ||
| CRANIAL NERVE VIII | 113 | ||
| CRANIAL NERVES IX TO XI | 113 | ||
| Cranial Nerve IX.g: Anatomy | 113 | ||
| Cranial Nerve X.g: Vagus Nerve, Anatomy | 113 | ||
| Cranial Nerve XI.g: Spinal Accessory, Anatomy | 113 | ||
| Cranial Nerves IX.g, X.g, and XI.g: Selected Pathologic Abnormalities | 114 | ||
| Cranial Nerve XII.g: Hypoglossal Nerve, Anatomy | 115 | ||
| CRANIAL NERVE XII:G: SELECTED PATHOLOGIC ABNORMALITY | 116 | ||
| SUMMARY | 117 | ||
| REFERENCES | 117 | ||
| Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer | 121 | ||
| Key points | 121 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 121 | ||
| TECHNIQUES | 122 | ||
| Echo Planar Diffusion | 122 | ||
| Non–Echo Planar Diffusion | 122 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS | 122 | ||
| Benign Versus Malignant | 122 | ||
| Prediction of Treatment Response | 124 | ||
| Monitoring of Treatment Response | 125 | ||
| Recurrence Versus Posttreatment Changes | 127 | ||
| LIMITATIONS | 129 | ||
| SUMMARY | 132 | ||
| REFERENCES | 132 | ||
| Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer | 135 | ||
| Key points | 135 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 135 | ||
| TECHNIQUE | 136 | ||
| Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Imaging | 136 | ||
| Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MR Imaging | 137 | ||
| Arterial Spin Labeling | 137 | ||
| CLINICAL APPLICATIONS | 137 | ||
| Tumor Hypoxia, Prediction, and Evaluation of Treatment Response | 137 | ||
| Lymph Node Imaging | 140 | ||
| Differentiating Residual or Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer from Benign Posttreatment Change | 141 | ||
| Differentiating Squamous Cell Carcinoma from Other Head and Neck Malignancy | 141 | ||
| Evaluation of Carotid Space Masses | 142 | ||
| Other Clinical Applications | 144 | ||
| SUMMARY | 146 | ||
| REFERENCES | 147 | ||
| Update in Parathyroid Imaging | 151 | ||
| Key points | 151 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 151 | ||
| CLINICAL CONCEPTS FOR PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM | 152 | ||
| KEY ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY | 153 | ||
| COMPARING IMAGING TECHNIQUES: WHICH ONE TO PERFORM FIRST? | 154 | ||
| IMAGING MODALITIES: TECHNIQUE, IMAGING FINDINGS, AND UPDATES | 155 | ||
| Ultrasound Imaging | 155 | ||
| PET/MR Imaging in Head and Neck Cancer | 167 | ||
| Key points | 167 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 167 | ||
| PROTOCOLS, TECHNICAL CHALLENGES, AND REIMBURSEMENT | 168 | ||
| CUTANEOUS MELANOMA OF THE HEAD AND NECK | 168 | ||
| SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE HEAD AND NECK | 169 | ||
| CANCERS OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS | 172 | ||
| CANCERS OF THE THYROID GLAND | 172 | ||
| CANCERS OF THE UPPER ESOPHAGUS | 173 | ||
| CANCERS OF THE SKULL BASE | 174 | ||
| RADIATION TREATMENT PLANNING | 175 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS | 175 | ||
| SUMMARY | 176 | ||
| REFERENCES | 176 |