BOOK
Mosby's Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker - E-Book
Sheila A. Sorrentino | Leighann Remmert | Mary J. Wilk
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Get the foundation you need to be a successful support worker in both community and institutional settings with Mosby's Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker, 4th Edition. With a clear student-friendly approach and step-by-step descriptions, this text walks readers through all the information and skills that support workers (including resident care aides and health care aides) need to master to perform their role safely and effectively. Numerous full-colour illustrations, photographs, and tables are combined with real life case studies, examples, and insightful feature boxes to provide an outstanding learning experience. This new edition also features a new chapter on working in acute care; updated content reflecting the latest trends, issues, and practice standards; and a full assortment of online learning resources. With all this included in one great book, it’s no wonder that Mosby’s is the #1 text used by support worker programs across Canada.
- Comprehensive coverage guides readers through all information and skills needed by today’s support worker.
- Student-friendly writing style enables readers to easily grasp the material.
- Providing Compassionate Care boxes highlight the caring aspect of the support worker role.
- DIPPS icons appear throughout the text to remind readers of the principles of support work: respecting and promoting their client’s Dignity, Independence, Preferences, Privacy, and Safety.
- Focus on Communication boxes offer guidelines for how to clearly communicate with residents and avoid comments that might make them uncomfortable.
- Promoting Safety and Comfort boxes emphasize the importance of the patient’s or resident’s safety and comfort.
- Focus on Children and Older Adults boxes provide age-specific information about special needs, considerations, and circumstances of children and older adults.
- Focus on Long-Term Care and Home Care boxes highlight information vital to providing competent care in the long-term and home care settings.
- Teamwork and Time Management boxes feature specific guidelines to help nursing assistants work most efficiently whether independently or as part of the health care team.
- Supporting boxes present scenarios about particular clients and discuss how support workers make decisions and solve problems.
- Think About Safety boxes provide clear, concise, easy-to-follow advice on how to provide safe care to clients of all ages.
- Case Study boxes apply some of the concepts discussed in the text to real-life examples of support workers and clients.
- Focus on Home Care boxes highlight information necessary for safe functioning in the home setting.
- Respecting Diversity boxes cover the influence of culture on health and illness practices and the importance of sensitivity to cultural diversity in support work.
- Chapter review questions test reading comprehension of the learning objectives established at the beginning of each chapter.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Contents | IFC2 | ||
| Half title page | i | ||
| Evolve page | ii | ||
| Mosby's Canadian Textbook for the Support Worker | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Disclaimer | vi | ||
| Table Of Contents | vii | ||
| About the Authors | xii | ||
| Canadian Editorial Advisory Board and Reviewers | xv | ||
| Acknowledgements | xvii | ||
| Instructor Preface | xviii | ||
| New to the Fourth Canadian Edition | xviii | ||
| Pedagogical Features | xviii | ||
| Indigenous Issues | xix | ||
| Trends in Support Work | xix | ||
| Guiding Principles | xix | ||
| Pedagogical Features and Design | xxi | ||
| An Important Note on Terminology and Equipment | xxii | ||
| Student Preface | xxiii | ||
| 1 Preview | xxiii | ||
| 2 Question | xxiii | ||
| 3 Read and Record | xxiii | ||
| 4 Recite and Review | xxiv | ||
| 1 The Role of the Support Worker | 1 | ||
| Objectives | 1 | ||
| Key Terms | 2 | ||
| Support Work Across Canada | 3 | ||
| Support Worker Responsibilities | 4 | ||
| Personal Care | 4 | ||
| Support for Nurses and Other Health Care Providers | 4 | ||
| Family Support | 4 | ||
| Social Support | 4 | ||
| Housekeeping or Home Management | 4 | ||
| People Who Receive Support Services | 9 | ||
| The Health Care Team | 10 | ||
| Regulated and Unregulated Workers | 10 | ||
| Scope of Practice | 11 | ||
| Professional Development and Lifelong Learning | 11 | ||
| The Supervision of Support Workers | 11 | ||
| Being a Professional | 14 | ||
| The Goal of Support Work: Compassionate Care | 16 | ||
| Critical Thinking, Decision Making, and Problem Solving | 17 | ||
| Chapter Review | 18 | ||
| Key Points | 18 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 18 | ||
| Review Questions | 18 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 18 | ||
| Answers: | 19 | ||
| 2 The Canadian Health Care System | 20 | ||
| Objectives | 20 | ||
| Key Terms | 21 | ||
| The Evolution of Canada’s Health Care System | 21 | ||
| Canada’s Current Health Care System | 22 | ||
| The Federal Role | 23 | ||
| Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Health Care Delivery | 25 | ||
| The Provincial or Territorial Role | 25 | ||
| Health Care Challenges, Supplementary Services, and Trends | 26 | ||
| Challenges | 26 | ||
| Additional (Supplementary) Services | 27 | ||
| Private Insurance | 27 | ||
| Health Care Trends | 27 | ||
| Alternative Health Practices | 27 | ||
| Health Promotion and Disease Prevention | 27 | ||
| Home Care | 28 | ||
| Services and Funding | 29 | ||
| Chapter Review | 31 | ||
| Key Points | 31 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 31 | ||
| Review Questions | 31 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 31 | ||
| Answers: | 32 | ||
| 3 Workplace Settings | 33 | ||
| Objectives | 33 | ||
| Key Terms | 34 | ||
| Workplace Settings and Services Provided | 35 | ||
| Working in Community-Based Settings | 36 | ||
| Home Care | 37 | ||
| Working in Facility-Based Settings | 37 | ||
| Residential Facilities | 37 | ||
| Assisted-Living Facilities | 37 | ||
| Group Homes | 39 | ||
| Retirement Residences | 39 | ||
| Community Day Programs | 40 | ||
| Working Directly for Clients | 40 | ||
| Working in a Facility | 40 | ||
| Hospitals and Other Medical Facilities | 40 | ||
| Long-Term Care Facilities | 42 | ||
| Chapter Review | 45 | ||
| Key Points | 45 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 45 | ||
| Review Questions | 45 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 45 | ||
| Answers: | 46 | ||
| 4 Health, Wellness, Illness, and Disability | 47 | ||
| Objectives | 47 | ||
| Key Terms | 48 | ||
| Health and Wellness | 49 | ||
| Past Definitions of Health | 49 | ||
| Modern Definitions of Health | 49 | ||
| Dimensions of Health | 49 | ||
| Physical Health | 49 | ||
| Emotional Health | 50 | ||
| Social Health | 50 | ||
| Spiritual Health | 51 | ||
| Cognitive Health | 51 | ||
| Achieving Optimal Health | 52 | ||
| Culture and Health, Wellness, Illness, and Disability | 53 | ||
| Personal Factors That Can Influence Health | 53 | ||
| 1. Personal Lifestyle Choices | 53 | ||
| 2. Stress | 54 | ||
| 3. Personal Beliefs About Health Care | 54 | ||
| 4. Social Relationships and Belonging | 54 | ||
| 5. Sense of Control | 54 | ||
| Influences on Our Health Beyond Our Immediate Control: Determinants of Health | 54 | ||
| Disease and Illness Prevention Strategies | 56 | ||
| Illness and Disability | 56 | ||
| Supporting Clients With Illness and Disability | 57 | ||
| Change and Loss Associated With Illness and Disability | 57 | ||
| Change in Routine | 57 | ||
| Change in Work Life | 59 | ||
| Change in Family Life | 59 | ||
| Change in Sexual Function | 59 | ||
| Loss of Independence | 60 | ||
| Loss of Dignity | 60 | ||
| Change in Self-Image | 60 | ||
| Attitudes of Others Toward Illness and Disability | 60 | ||
| Chapter Review | 64 | ||
| Key Points | 64 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 64 | ||
| Review Questions | 64 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 64 | ||
| Answers: | 65 | ||
| 5 Interpersonal Communication | 66 | ||
| Objectives | 66 | ||
| Key Terms | 67 | ||
| Factors That Influence Communication | 68 | ||
| Professional Communication | 69 | ||
| Confidentiality | 70 | ||
| Verbal Communication | 70 | ||
| Humour | 71 | ||
| Nonverbal Communication | 71 | ||
| Body Language | 72 | ||
| Touch | 72 | ||
| Silence | 73 | ||
| Communication Methods | 73 | ||
| Active Listening | 73 | ||
| Paraphrasing | 74 | ||
| Empathetic Listening | 74 | ||
| Asking Closed Questions | 74 | ||
| Asking Open-Ended Questions | 75 | ||
| Clarifying | 75 | ||
| Focusing | 76 | ||
| Communication Barriers | 76 | ||
| Interrupting | 76 | ||
| Answering Your Own Questions | 76 | ||
| Giving Advice | 77 | ||
| Minimizing Problems | 77 | ||
| Using Patronizing Language | 77 | ||
| Failing to Listen | 78 | ||
| Defence Mechanisms | 78 | ||
| Communicating With Angry People | 79 | ||
| Communicating Assertively | 79 | ||
| Explaining Procedures and Tasks | 80 | ||
| Communicating With Clients who Have Dementia | 81 | ||
| Chapter Review | 84 | ||
| Key Points | 84 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 84 | ||
| Review Questions | 84 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 84 | ||
| Answers: | 85 | ||
| 6 Working With Others | 86 | ||
| Objectives | 86 | ||
| Key Terms | 87 | ||
| The Health Care Team | 87 | ||
| Benefits of Working on a Team | 88 | ||
| Teamwork in Facilities | 90 | ||
| Hospitals | 90 | ||
| Long-Term Care Facilities | 90 | ||
| Hospices and Palliative Care Units | 90 | ||
| Assisted-Living Facilities | 90 | ||
| Teamwork in Community Settings | 91 | ||
| Home Care | 91 | ||
| Community Day Programs | 91 | ||
| Working Under Supervision | 91 | ||
| Respecting Your Supervisor and Employer | 92 | ||
| Assigning and Delegation | 92 | ||
| Who Can Delegate? | 93 | ||
| The Delegation Process | 93 | ||
| Delegation in the Community | 95 | ||
| Your Role in Delegation | 96 | ||
| Accepting a Task | 97 | ||
| Refusing a Task | 97 | ||
| Chapter Review | 98 | ||
| Key Points | 98 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 98 | ||
| Review Questions | 98 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 98 | ||
| Answer: | 99 | ||
| 7 Managing Stress, Time, and Problems | 100 | ||
| Objectives | 100 | ||
| Key Terms | 101 | ||
| Stress | 101 | ||
| Sources of Stress | 101 | ||
| Changes | 101 | ||
| Emotional Pressure | 102 | ||
| Lack of Control | 103 | ||
| Conflict | 103 | ||
| School | 103 | ||
| Daily Frustrations | 103 | ||
| Responses to Stress | 103 | ||
| Defence Mechanisms in Times of Stress | 105 | ||
| Managing Stress in Your Life | 105 | ||
| Job Burnout | 106 | ||
| Time Management | 107 | ||
| Setting SMART Goals | 108 | ||
| Planning Your Life and Your Work | 108 | ||
| Decision Making | 109 | ||
| Skills You Need to Make Decisions | 110 | ||
| Decision Making in Different Health Care Settings | 110 | ||
| Problem Solving | 110 | ||
| Identify the Problem | 110 | ||
| Analyze the Problem | 111 | ||
| Find a Solution | 111 | ||
| Devise a Plan | 111 | ||
| Dealing With Conflict | 112 | ||
| Chapter Review | 115 | ||
| Key Points | 115 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 115 | ||
| Review Questions | 115 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 115 | ||
| 8 Ethics | 117 | ||
| Objectives | 117 | ||
| Key Terms | 118 | ||
| The Influence of Culture on Beliefs, Values, Morals, and Ethics | 118 | ||
| Codes of Ethics | 118 | ||
| The Principles of Health Care Ethics | 121 | ||
| Autonomy | 123 | ||
| Justice | 123 | ||
| Beneficence | 123 | ||
| Nonmaleficence | 124 | ||
| Dealing With Ethical Dilemmas | 125 | ||
| Chapter Review | 126 | ||
| Key Points | 126 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 126 | ||
| Review Questions | 126 | ||
| Circle T if the answer is true, and circle F if the answer is false. | 126 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 126 | ||
| Answer: | 127 | ||
| 9 Legislation | 128 | ||
| Objectives | 128 | ||
| Key Terms | 129 | ||
| Understanding Rights | 130 | ||
| Basic Human Rights in Canada | 130 | ||
| Basic Rights of People Receiving Health Services | 130 | ||
| Bill of Rights | 131 | ||
| The Right to Be Treated With Dignity and Respect | 134 | ||
| The Right to Privacy and Confidentiality | 136 | ||
| Electronic Privacy | 136 | ||
| The Right to Give or Withhold Informed Consent | 137 | ||
| Advance Directive | 138 | ||
| Living Will | 138 | ||
| Substitute Decision Makers for Personal Care or for Property | 138 | ||
| Substitute Decision Maker for Personal Care | 139 | ||
| Substitute Decision Maker for Property | 139 | ||
| After the Client Dies | 139 | ||
| The Right to Autonomy | 140 | ||
| Understanding Legal Issues | 140 | ||
| Negligence | 140 | ||
| Assault and Battery | 142 | ||
| False Imprisonment | 142 | ||
| Invasion of Privacy | 142 | ||
| Freedom of Information | 142 | ||
| Defamation of Character | 143 | ||
| Your Legal Rights | 143 | ||
| Human Rights Legislation | 143 | ||
| Occupational Health and Safety Legislation | 143 | ||
| Employment Standards Legislation | 143 | ||
| Labour Relations Legislation | 144 | ||
| Workers’ Compensation Legislation | 144 | ||
| Long-Term Care Facilities Legislation | 144 | ||
| Community Services Legislation | 144 | ||
| Chapter Review | 145 | ||
| Key Points | 145 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 145 | ||
| Review Questions | 145 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 145 | ||
| Answers: | 146 | ||
| 10 Caring About Culture and Diversity | 147 | ||
| Objectives | 147 | ||
| Key Terms | 148 | ||
| Diversity: Ethnicity and Culture | 149 | ||
| Ethnicity | 149 | ||
| Culture | 149 | ||
| Prejudice and Discrimination | 150 | ||
| Types of Prejudice | 151 | ||
| Cultural Conflict | 152 | ||
| Cultural Competence | 153 | ||
| The Effect of Culture | 153 | ||
| The Effect of Culture on the Family | 154 | ||
| Types of Families | 154 | ||
| The Effect of Culture on Religion | 154 | ||
| The Effect of Culture on Perceptions of Health Care and Illness | 155 | ||
| The Effect of Culture on Communication | 155 | ||
| The Use of Translators and Interpreters | 155 | ||
| Body Language | 155 | ||
| Touch | 156 | ||
| Personal Space | 156 | ||
| Eye Contact | 157 | ||
| Facial Expressions | 157 | ||
| Silence | 157 | ||
| Providing Culturally Sensitive Care and Support | 158 | ||
| How to Care for Clients in a Nonjudgemental Way | 158 | ||
| DIPPS | 158 | ||
| Chapter Review | 160 | ||
| Key Points | 160 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 160 | ||
| Review Questions | 160 | ||
| Circle T if the answer is true, and circle F if the answer is false. | 160 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 160 | ||
| Answers: | 161 | ||
| 11 Working With Clients and Their Families | 162 | ||
| Objectives | 162 | ||
| Key Terms | 163 | ||
| Maintaining a Professional Relationship With the Client | 163 | ||
| Professional Boundaries1 | 163 | ||
| Independence, Dependence, and Interdependence | 166 | ||
| Independence and Self-Esteem | 167 | ||
| Independence and Balance of Power | 167 | ||
| The Client’s Family | 168 | ||
| Your Role in Assisting the Family | 168 | ||
| Families in Conflict | 169 | ||
| Chapter Review | 171 | ||
| Key Points | 171 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 171 | ||
| Review Questions | 171 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 171 | ||
| Circle T if the statement is true, and circle F if the statement is false. | 171 | ||
| Answers: | 171 | ||
| 12 Promoting Client Well-Being, Comfort, and Sleep | 172 | ||
| Objectives | 172 | ||
| Key Terms | 173 | ||
| Promoting Client Well-Being and Psychosocial Health | 173 | ||
| Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development | 173 | ||
| Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs | 174 | ||
| Physical Needs | 175 | ||
| Safety Needs | 175 | ||
| Love and Belonging Needs | 175 | ||
| Self-Esteem Needs | 175 | ||
| Self-Actualization Needs | 176 | ||
| Promoting Client Comfort | 176 | ||
| Room Furniture and Equipment | 177 | ||
| Pain and Its Impact on A Client’s Well-Being | 178 | ||
| Types of Pain | 178 | ||
| Factors Affecting Pain | 179 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms of Pain | 179 | ||
| Pain Reactions | 182 | ||
| Measures to Relieve Pain | 182 | ||
| Rest and Sleep | 183 | ||
| Sleep Disorders | 185 | ||
| Insomnia | 185 | ||
| Sleep Deprivation | 186 | ||
| Sleepwalking | 186 | ||
| Your Role in Promoting Rest and Sleep | 186 | ||
| Chapter Review | 188 | ||
| Key Points | 188 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 188 | ||
| Review Questions | 188 | ||
| Circle T if the answer is true, and circle F if the answer is false. | 188 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 188 | ||
| Answers: | 189 | ||
| 13 Medical Terminology | 190 | ||
| Objectives | 190 | ||
| Key Terms | 191 | ||
| Word Elements | 191 | ||
| Prefixes | 191 | ||
| Roots | 193 | ||
| Suffixes | 194 | ||
| Combining Word Elements | 195 | ||
| Abdominal Regions | 195 | ||
| Directional Terms | 195 | ||
| Abbreviations | 196 | ||
| Common Abbreviations | 196 | ||
| Chapter Review | 198 | ||
| Key Points | 198 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 198 | ||
| Review Questions | 198 | ||
| Fill in the blanks: | 198 | ||
| Match the item in column A with its meaning in column B: | 198 | ||
| Write the definitions of the following prefixes: | 198 | ||
| Write the definitions of the following suffixes: | 199 | ||
| Write the definitions of the following roots: | 199 | ||
| Match the item in Column A with the item in Column B. | 199 | ||
| Write the abbreviations for the following terms: | 200 | ||
| Answers: | 200 | ||
| 14 Client Care | 201 | ||
| Objectives | 201 | ||
| Key Terms | 202 | ||
| The Care-Planning Process in Facilities | 202 | ||
| Assessment | 202 | ||
| Nursing Diagnosis | 203 | ||
| Planning | 203 | ||
| Establishing Priorities | 203 | ||
| Setting Goals | 203 | ||
| Determining Interventions | 204 | ||
| Establishing the Care Plan | 204 | ||
| Implementation | 205 | ||
| Evaluation | 205 | ||
| The Care-Planning Process in Community Settings | 205 | ||
| Assessment | 205 | ||
| Planning | 206 | ||
| Implementation | 206 | ||
| Evaluation | 206 | ||
| Your Role in the Care-Planning Process | 206 | ||
| Developing Observation Skills | 207 | ||
| Objective Data | 207 | ||
| Subjective Data | 207 | ||
| Describing Your Observations | 209 | ||
| Verbal Reporting | 209 | ||
| Verbal Reporting in a Facility | 209 | ||
| Verbal Reporting in a Community Setting | 209 | ||
| Client Records or Charts | 210 | ||
| Documents Used in Charts | 212 | ||
| Documentation | 215 | ||
| Electronic Documentation | 215 | ||
| Need for Consistency and Accuracy | 217 | ||
| Recording Time | 217 | ||
| Terminology and Abbreviations | 217 | ||
| Methods of Charting | 217 | ||
| Recording in a Facility | 220 | ||
| Recording in the Community | 220 | ||
| Confidentiality | 221 | ||
| Impact of Electronic Communication on Health Care and Recording | 221 | ||
| Chapter review | 222 | ||
| Key Points | 222 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 222 | ||
| Review Questions | 222 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 222 | ||
| Answers: | 223 | ||
| 15 Measuring Height, Weight, and Vital Signs | 224 | ||
| Objectives | 224 | ||
| Key Terms | 225 | ||
| Measuring Height and Weight | 225 | ||
| Measuring and Reporting Vital Signs | 229 | ||
| Body Temperature | 230 | ||
| Temperature Sites | 230 | ||
| Taking Oral Temperature | 231 | ||
| Taking Tympanic Temperature | 231 | ||
| Taking Axillary Temperature | 232 | ||
| Thermometers | 234 | ||
| Electronic Thermometers | 235 | ||
| Dot Matrix Thermometers | 235 | ||
| Temperature-Sensitive Tape | 236 | ||
| Pulse | 236 | ||
| Sites for Taking the Pulse | 236 | ||
| Rate and Rhythm of the Pulse | 236 | ||
| Force of the Pulse | 237 | ||
| Taking the Radial Pulse | 237 | ||
| Using a Pulse Oximeter | 239 | ||
| Respirations | 240 | ||
| Blood Pressure | 241 | ||
| Factors Affecting Blood Pressure | 242 | ||
| Equipment | 242 | ||
| Sphygmomanometer | 243 | ||
| Stethoscope | 244 | ||
| Measuring Blood Pressure | 245 | ||
| Chapter Review | 250 | ||
| Key Points | 250 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 250 | ||
| Review Questions | 250 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 250 | ||
| Answers: | 251 | ||
| 16 Abuse Awareness | 252 | ||
| Objectives | 252 | ||
| Key Terms | 253 | ||
| Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms | 253 | ||
| Types of Abuse | 254 | ||
| The Cycle of Abuse | 254 | ||
| Recognizing the Signs of Abuse | 256 | ||
| Abusive Relationships | 256 | ||
| Spousal Abuse | 256 | ||
| Why Do They Stay? | 256 | ||
| Child Abuse | 259 | ||
| Situations That Increase the Risk for Child Abuse | 260 | ||
| Failure to Thrive | 260 | ||
| What Can Be Done to Prevent Child Abuse? | 260 | ||
| Abuse of Older Adults | 261 | ||
| Abuse of Clients by Health Care Workers | 262 | ||
| Stress Can Trigger Client Abuse | 262 | ||
| What to Do When Clients Speak of Abuse | 263 | ||
| Your Legal Responsibilities in Reporting Abuse | 264 | ||
| Suspected Child Abuse | 264 | ||
| Suspected Older-Adult Abuse | 264 | ||
| How to Report Abuse | 264 | ||
| Where to Go for Services | 265 | ||
| Abuse of Health Care Workers | 265 | ||
| Abuse of Health Care Workers by Clients | 265 | ||
| The Sexually Aggressive Client | 265 | ||
| Sexual Harassment | 266 | ||
| Workplace Bullying | 267 | ||
| Chapter Review | 268 | ||
| Key Points | 268 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 268 | ||
| Review Questions | 268 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 268 | ||
| Answers: | 270 | ||
| 17 Body Structure and Function | 271 | ||
| Objectives | 271 | ||
| Key Terms | 272 | ||
| Anatomical Terms | 273 | ||
| Cells, Tissues, Organs, Body Cavities, and Organ Systems | 273 | ||
| Cells | 273 | ||
| Tissues | 274 | ||
| Organs and Body Cavities | 275 | ||
| Organ Systems | 275 | ||
| The Integumentary System | 276 | ||
| The Musculo-Skeletal System | 277 | ||
| Bones | 277 | ||
| Joints | 279 | ||
| Moving Synovial Joints | 279 | ||
| Muscles | 280 | ||
| The Nervous System | 282 | ||
| The Central Nervous System | 283 | ||
| The Peripheral Nervous System | 284 | ||
| The Sense Organs | 284 | ||
| The Eye and the Sense of Sight | 284 | ||
| The Ear and the Sense of Hearing | 285 | ||
| The Tongue and the Sense of Taste | 286 | ||
| The Nose and the Sense of Smell | 286 | ||
| The Circulatory System | 286 | ||
| The Cardiovascular System | 286 | ||
| Blood | 287 | ||
| The Heart | 287 | ||
| Blood Vessels | 289 | ||
| The Lymphatic System | 290 | ||
| The Respiratory System | 291 | ||
| The Digestive System | 292 | ||
| Structure of the Digestive Tract Wall | 292 | ||
| The Process of Digestion | 293 | ||
| The Urinary System | 294 | ||
| The Reproductive System | 296 | ||
| The Male Reproductive System | 296 | ||
| The Female Reproductive System | 297 | ||
| Menstruation | 297 | ||
| Fertilization | 298 | ||
| The Endocrine System | 298 | ||
| The Immune System | 300 | ||
| Chapter Review | 301 | ||
| Key Points | 301 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 301 | ||
| Review Questions | 301 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 301 | ||
| Answers: | 302 | ||
| 18 Growth and Development | 303 | ||
| Objectives | 303 | ||
| Key Terms | 304 | ||
| Principles | 305 | ||
| Infancy (Birth to 1 Year) | 305 | ||
| Toddlerhood (1 to 3 Years) | 307 | ||
| Preschool (3 to 6 Years) | 308 | ||
| The 3-Year-Old | 308 | ||
| The 4-Year-Old | 309 | ||
| The 5-Year-Old | 309 | ||
| Middle Childhood (6 to 8 Years) | 310 | ||
| The 6-Year-Old | 310 | ||
| The 7-Year-Old | 311 | ||
| The 8-Year-Old | 311 | ||
| Late Childhood (9 to 12 Years) | 311 | ||
| Adolescence (12 to 18 Years) | 312 | ||
| Young Adulthood (18 to 40 Years) | 314 | ||
| Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 Years) | 315 | ||
| Late Adulthood (65 Years and Older) | 316 | ||
| Chapter Review | 317 | ||
| Key Points | 317 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 318 | ||
| Review Questions | 318 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 318 | ||
| Answers: | 319 | ||
| 19 Caring for Mothers and Infants | 320 | ||
| Objectives | 320 | ||
| Key Terms | 321 | ||
| Caring for New Mothers | 321 | ||
| Lochia | 322 | ||
| Perineal Care and Episiotomies | 323 | ||
| Care of Caesarean-Section Incisions | 324 | ||
| Breast Care | 324 | ||
| Postpartum Blues, Depression, and Psychosis | 325 | ||
| Caring for Infants | 326 | ||
| Holding the Infant | 326 | ||
| Swaddling the Infant | 326 | ||
| Comforting the Crying Infant | 328 | ||
| Cradle Cap, Diaper Rash, and Thrush | 328 | ||
| Cradle Cap | 328 | ||
| Diaper Rash | 328 | ||
| Thrush | 330 | ||
| Cause | 330 | ||
| Treatment | 330 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms of Potentially Serious Illness | 330 | ||
| Helping Mothers Breastfeed | 331 | ||
| Helping Mothers Bottle-Feed | 331 | ||
| Cleaning the Equipment | 333 | ||
| Bottle-Feeding the Infant | 334 | ||
| Burping the Infant | 335 | ||
| Diapering | 336 | ||
| Care of the Umbilical Cord7 | 339 | ||
| Caring for Uncircumcised and Circumcised Babies8 | 340 | ||
| Bathing the Infant | 340 | ||
| Nail Care | 345 | ||
| Weighing Infants | 345 | ||
| Chapter Review | 347 | ||
| Key Points | 347 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 347 | ||
| Review Questions | 347 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 347 | ||
| Answers: | 348 | ||
| 20 Caring for the Young | 349 | ||
| Objectives | 349 | ||
| Key Terms | 350 | ||
| Supporting the Infant, Child, or Teen | 350 | ||
| Your Role | 351 | ||
| Assisting Infants and Children to Meet Nutritional Needs | 351 | ||
| Understanding the Challenges That Children and Families Face | 351 | ||
| Helping a Child Eat Well | 353 | ||
| Setting the Stage for Pleasant Mealtimes | 353 | ||
| Avoiding Power Struggles and Learning to Trust the Child’s Food Choices | 353 | ||
| Adjusting Your Approach According to the Child’s Age | 353 | ||
| Getting Help for a Child’s Eating Habits | 353 | ||
| Protecting Children From Injury | 354 | ||
| Preventing Falls | 356 | ||
| Protecting Children From Burns | 357 | ||
| Preventing Accidental Poisoning | 357 | ||
| Reye’s Syndrome | 358 | ||
| Discipline | 360 | ||
| Punishment | 361 | ||
| Supporting the Challenging Child | 362 | ||
| Why Do Some Children “Act Out”? | 362 | ||
| Preventing Infections | 362 | ||
| Prevention of Childhood Infections | 362 | ||
| How Long Should Sick Children Stay Home? | 362 | ||
| Resistance Comes With Time | 363 | ||
| The Top Five Reasons Children Miss School or Child Care | 363 | ||
| Vaccinations to Prevent Serious Infectious Illnesses | 364 | ||
| What Would Happen if We Stopped Vaccinating? | 365 | ||
| Why Do People Choose Not to Immunize Their Children? | 365 | ||
| Do the Benefits of Vaccination Outweigh the Possible Adverse Effects? | 365 | ||
| Chapter Review | 366 | ||
| Key Points | 366 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 366 | ||
| Review Questions | 366 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 366 | ||
| Answers: | 367 | ||
| 21 Caring for Older Adults | 368 | ||
| Objectives | 368 | ||
| Key Terms | 369 | ||
| Caring for Older Clients | 370 | ||
| Emotional and Social Changes | 370 | ||
| Retirement | 370 | ||
| Reduced Income | 371 | ||
| Social Relationships | 372 | ||
| Children as Caregivers | 373 | ||
| Death of a Partner, Significant Other, or Pet | 373 | ||
| Depression in Older Adults3,4 | 373 | ||
| Physical Changes | 374 | ||
| The Integumentary System | 374 | ||
| The Musculo-Skeletal System | 376 | ||
| The Nervous System | 376 | ||
| The Circulatory System | 376 | ||
| The Respiratory System | 377 | ||
| The Digestive System | 377 | ||
| The Urinary System | 377 | ||
| The Reproductive System | 377 | ||
| The Older Adult and Sexuality | 378 | ||
| Chapter Review | 380 | ||
| Key Points | 380 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 380 | ||
| Review Questions | 380 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 380 | ||
| Answers: | 381 | ||
| 22 Safety | 382 | ||
| Objectives | 382 | ||
| Key Terms | 383 | ||
| Accident Risk Factors | 383 | ||
| The Client With Awareness Challenges | 384 | ||
| The Client With Vision Challenges | 384 | ||
| The Client With Hearing Challenges | 384 | ||
| The Client With Taste, Smell, and Touch Challenges | 384 | ||
| The Client With Mobility Challenges | 384 | ||
| Medications | 384 | ||
| Age | 385 | ||
| Identifying the Client | 385 | ||
| Safety Measures at Home and in the Workplace | 386 | ||
| Preventing Falls and Injuries | 386 | ||
| Restraints and How to Avoid Them | 388 | ||
| Guidelines Regarding the Use of Restraints | 388 | ||
| Types of Restraints | 396 | ||
| Using Bed Rails | 397 | ||
| When to Use Bed Rails | 397 | ||
| Hazards Associated With Bed Rail Use | 397 | ||
| Who Is at Greatest Risk for Injury With Bed Rails? | 397 | ||
| How to Use Bed Rails | 397 | ||
| Preventing Poisoning | 399 | ||
| What to Do if You Suspect Poisoning | 399 | ||
| Preventing Burns | 399 | ||
| Care of the Client With Burns | 400 | ||
| First Aid for Minor Burns | 401 | ||
| What to Do if the Burn Appears Serious | 401 | ||
| Preventing Suffocation | 402 | ||
| Carbon Monoxide Poisoning | 402 | ||
| Carbon Monoxide Detectors | 402 | ||
| Preventing Accidents With Equipment | 403 | ||
| Preventing Fires | 403 | ||
| Fires and the Use of Oxygen | 405 | ||
| What to Do During a Fire | 405 | ||
| Using a Fire Extinguisher | 405 | ||
| Types of Fire Extinguishers | 406 | ||
| Evacuating | 406 | ||
| Using the Call Bell | 407 | ||
| Promoting Your Personal Safety | 410 | ||
| Creating a Safe Workplace | 410 | ||
| Employers’ and Supervisors’ Responsibilities | 410 | ||
| Employees’ Responsibilities | 411 | ||
| Handling Hazardous Materials | 411 | ||
| Suppliers’ Duties Under WHMIS2 | 411 | ||
| Employers’ Duties Under WHMIS2 | 413 | ||
| Workers’ Duties Under WHMIS2 | 413 | ||
| Consumer Products’ Use in the Workplace | 413 | ||
| Components of the WHMIS Labels | 413 | ||
| Reducing Personal Security Risks | 413 | ||
| Chapter Review | 417 | ||
| Key Points | 417 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 417 | ||
| Review Questions | 417 | ||
| Circle T if the answer is true, and circle F if the answer is false. | 417 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 418 | ||
| Answers: | 419 | ||
| 23 Preventing Infection | 420 | ||
| Objectives | 420 | ||
| Key Terms | 421 | ||
| Microorganisms | 422 | ||
| Types of Microorganisms | 423 | ||
| Normal Flora | 423 | ||
| Multidrug-Resistant Organisms | 424 | ||
| The Spread of Pathogens | 426 | ||
| Infections in Health Care Settings | 427 | ||
| H1N1 Virus and New Strains | 429 | ||
| The Chain of Infection | 429 | ||
| Vaccinations | 432 | ||
| Medical Asepsis | 432 | ||
| Hand Hygiene | 435 | ||
| Wearing Gloves | 439 | ||
| Care of Supplies and Equipment | 441 | ||
| Cleaning | 441 | ||
| Disinfection | 441 | ||
| Sterilization | 442 | ||
| Isolation Precautions | 442 | ||
| Standard Practices | 444 | ||
| Transmission-Based Practices | 445 | ||
| Protective Measures | 448 | ||
| Wearing Masks and Respiratory Protection | 448 | ||
| Wearing Personal Protective Equipment | 449 | ||
| Wearing Eye Protection and Face Shields | 453 | ||
| Disposing of Sharps | 453 | ||
| Bagging and Disposing of Waste Items | 453 | ||
| Transporting Clients on Transmission-Based Practices | 454 | ||
| Basic Needs and Transmission-Based Practices | 454 | ||
| Surgical Asepsis | 455 | ||
| Principles of Surgical Asepsis | 455 | ||
| Chapter Review | 458 | ||
| Key Points | 458 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 458 | ||
| Review Questions | 458 | ||
| Circle T if the answer is true, and circle F if the answer is false. | 458 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 459 | ||
| Answers: | 459 | ||
| 24 Skin Care and Prevention of Wounds | 460 | ||
| Objectives | 460 | ||
| Key Terms | 461 | ||
| Types of Wounds | 463 | ||
| Skin Tears | 463 | ||
| Causes of Skin Tears | 464 | ||
| Clients at Risk for Skin Tears | 465 | ||
| Prevention and Treatment of Skin Tears | 465 | ||
| Pressure Ulcers | 465 | ||
| Causes of Pressure Ulcers | 465 | ||
| Other High Risk Areas | 467 | ||
| Clients at Risk for Pressure Ulcers | 469 | ||
| Signs of Pressure Ulcers | 469 | ||
| Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers | 470 | ||
| Special Beds | 471 | ||
| Bed Cradle | 472 | ||
| Elbow Protectors | 472 | ||
| Heel Elevators | 472 | ||
| Flotation Pads | 472 | ||
| Egg Crate–Like Mattress | 473 | ||
| Other Equipment | 473 | ||
| Leg and Foot Ulcers | 473 | ||
| Circulatory Ulcers | 473 | ||
| Venous Ulcers | 473 | ||
| Appearance | 474 | ||
| Causes | 474 | ||
| Prevention | 474 | ||
| Arterial Ulcers | 475 | ||
| Appearance | 475 | ||
| Causes | 475 | ||
| Treatment and Prevention | 475 | ||
| Wound Healing | 475 | ||
| Types of Wound Healing | 475 | ||
| Complications of Wounds | 476 | ||
| Hemorrhage | 476 | ||
| Infection | 476 | ||
| Dehiscence | 476 | ||
| Evisceration | 476 | ||
| Wound Appearance | 477 | ||
| Wounds Under Casts and Dressings | 477 | ||
| Wound Drainage | 477 | ||
| Dressings | 479 | ||
| Sterile Dressings | 479 | ||
| Types of Dressings | 479 | ||
| Securing Dressings | 483 | ||
| Tape | 484 | ||
| Applying Dressings | 484 | ||
| Heat and Cold Applications | 484 | ||
| Chapter Review | 489 | ||
| Key Points | 489 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 489 | ||
| Review Questions | 489 | ||
| Circle T if the answer is true, and circle F if the answer is false. | 489 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 489 | ||
| Answers: | 490 | ||
| 25 Body Mechanics | 491 | ||
| Objectives | 491 | ||
| Key Terms | 492 | ||
| Body Mechanics | 493 | ||
| Moving Clients in Bed | 494 | ||
| Comfort and Safety Measures | 496 | ||
| Moving the Client up in Bed | 496 | ||
| Turning Pads and Sliders | 497 | ||
| Rolling Versus Log-Rolling a Client | 498 | ||
| Turning the Client | 502 | ||
| Moving the Client From a Bed to a Stretcher | 503 | ||
| Moving the Client to the Side of the Bed | 505 | ||
| Helping the Client to Sit on the Side of the Bed (Dangle the Legs) | 506 | ||
| Positioning the Client | 509 | ||
| Comfort and Safety Measures | 509 | ||
| Fowler’s Positions | 510 | ||
| Supine Position | 511 | ||
| Lateral Position | 511 | ||
| Sims’ Position | 512 | ||
| Prone Position | 512 | ||
| Sitting Position | 513 | ||
| Repositioning the Client in a Chair or Wheelchair | 514 | ||
| Transferring the Client | 514 | ||
| Know the Client | 515 | ||
| Follow Principles of Safety and Good Body Mechanics | 515 | ||
| Applying Transfer Belts | 516 | ||
| Transferring a Client From the Bed to a Chair or Wheelchair | 517 | ||
| Other Transfers | 521 | ||
| Lifting a Client | 524 | ||
| Manual Lifts | 524 | ||
| Mechanically Lifting a Client | 524 | ||
| The Sit-to-Stand Mechanical Lift | 528 | ||
| Chapter Review | 531 | ||
| Key Points | 531 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 531 | ||
| Review Questions | 531 | ||
| Circle T if the answer is true, and circle F if the answer is false. | 531 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 532 | ||
| Answers: | 532 | ||
| 26 Exercise and Activity | 533 | ||
| Objectives | 533 | ||
| Key Terms | 534 | ||
| Bed Rest | 535 | ||
| Complications of Bed Rest and Immobility | 535 | ||
| Positioning | 536 | ||
| Exercise | 536 | ||
| Range-of-Motion Exercises | 538 | ||
| Ambulation | 545 | ||
| Obesity and Lifestyle and Their Effect on Ambulation | 545 | ||
| Falls | 547 | ||
| Walking Aids | 550 | ||
| Crutches | 550 | ||
| Canes | 551 | ||
| Walkers | 551 | ||
| Braces | 553 | ||
| Chapter Review | 555 | ||
| Key Points | 555 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 555 | ||
| Review Questions | 555 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 555 | ||
| Circle T if the answer is true, and circle F if the answer is false. | 556 | ||
| Answers: | 556 | ||
| 27 Rehabilitation Care | 557 | ||
| Objectives | 557 | ||
| Key Terms | 558 | ||
| Goals of Rehabilitation | 558 | ||
| Rehabilitation Settings | 558 | ||
| The Rehabilitation Process | 559 | ||
| The Rehabilitation Team | 559 | ||
| Role of the Family | 561 | ||
| Therapy and Training | 561 | ||
| Rehabilitative Care Versus Restorative Care | 563 | ||
| Emphasis on the Whole Person | 564 | ||
| Assisting With Rehabilitation and Restorative Care | 565 | ||
| Chapter Review | 567 | ||
| Key Points | 567 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 567 | ||
| Review Questions | 567 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 567 | ||
| Answers: | 568 | ||
| 28 Nutrition and Fluids | 569 | ||
| Objectives | 569 | ||
| Key Terms | 570 | ||
| Basic Nutrition | 570 | ||
| Nutrients | 571 | ||
| Protein | 571 | ||
| Carbohydrates | 571 | ||
| Fats | 571 | ||
| Vitamins | 571 | ||
| Minerals | 571 | ||
| Water | 572 | ||
| Eating Well With Canada’s Food Guide | 572 | ||
| Servings From the Food Groups | 574 | ||
| Vegetables and Fruits | 575 | ||
| Grain Products | 575 | ||
| Milk Products | 576 | ||
| Meat and Alternatives | 576 | ||
| Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle | 576 | ||
| Infancy and Childhood | 576 | ||
| Adolescence | 577 | ||
| Young and Middle Adulthood | 577 | ||
| Pregnancy | 577 | ||
| Late Adulthood | 577 | ||
| Factors That Affect Eating and Nutrition | 578 | ||
| Food Labels | 579 | ||
| List of Ingredients | 579 | ||
| Nutrition Facts | 579 | ||
| Nutrition Claims | 580 | ||
| Caffeine Intake | 580 | ||
| Meal Planning and Preparation | 581 | ||
| Shopping for Groceries | 581 | ||
| Checking Expiry Dates | 581 | ||
| Handling Clients’ Money | 582 | ||
| Following Recipes | 582 | ||
| Food Safety | 582 | ||
| Special Diets | 583 | ||
| The Sodium-Controlled Diet | 583 | ||
| Diabetic Diet | 583 | ||
| Gluten-Free Diet | 587 | ||
| Assisting Clients With Eating | 587 | ||
| Making Meals Enjoyable | 587 | ||
| Assisting Clients With Eating Problems | 587 | ||
| Chewing Problems | 587 | ||
| Swallowing Problems (Dysphagia) | 587 | ||
| Weakness | 588 | ||
| Vision Loss | 588 | ||
| Serving Meal Trays | 589 | ||
| Assisting a Client With Eating | 591 | ||
| Between-Meal Nourishments | 591 | ||
| Calorie Counts | 593 | ||
| Fluid Balance | 593 | ||
| Normal Fluid Requirements | 593 | ||
| Special Orders | 593 | ||
| Intake and Output Records | 594 | ||
| Measuring Intake and Output | 594 | ||
| Chapter Review | 597 | ||
| Key Points | 597 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 597 | ||
| Review Questions | 597 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 597 | ||
| Answers: | 598 | ||
| 29 Enteral Nutrition and Intravenous Therapy | 599 | ||
| Objectives | 599 | ||
| Key Terms | 600 | ||
| Enteral Nutrition | 600 | ||
| Scheduled and Continuous Feedings | 602 | ||
| Preventing Aspiration | 603 | ||
| Observations | 603 | ||
| Comfort Measures | 604 | ||
| Intravenous Therapy | 604 | ||
| Central Intravenous Sites | 605 | ||
| Assisting With Intravenous Therapy | 605 | ||
| Subcutaneous Infusion Therapy | 606 | ||
| Chapter Review | 609 | ||
| Key Points | 609 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 609 | ||
| Review Questions | 609 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 609 | ||
| Answers: | 610 | ||
| 30 Personal Hygiene | 611 | ||
| Objectives | 611 | ||
| Key Terms | 612 | ||
| Oral Hygiene | 613 | ||
| Equipment | 614 | ||
| Observations | 615 | ||
| Brushing Teeth | 615 | ||
| Flossing | 618 | ||
| Mouth Care for an Unconscious Client | 620 | ||
| Denture Care | 623 | ||
| Bathing | 625 | ||
| Observations | 626 | ||
| The Complete Bed Bath | 626 | ||
| Towel Baths | 633 | ||
| Bag Baths | 633 | ||
| The Partial Bath | 633 | ||
| Tub Baths and Showers | 635 | ||
| Tub Baths | 635 | ||
| Showers | 636 | ||
| Dealing With Bathing Problems | 639 | ||
| The Client Refuses the Bath | 639 | ||
| The Client Has Dementia | 639 | ||
| The Client Cannot Tolerate the Bathing Position | 640 | ||
| The Client Urinates or Defecates | 640 | ||
| Hardened Secretions or Stool on the Client’s Body | 640 | ||
| The Client Has an Erection | 640 | ||
| The Back Massage | 640 | ||
| Perineal Care | 642 | ||
| Menstrual Care | 647 | ||
| Chapter Review | 648 | ||
| Key Points | 648 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 648 | ||
| Review Questions | 648 | ||
| Circle T if the answer is true, and circle F if the answer is false. | 648 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 649 | ||
| Answers: | 649 | ||
| 31 Grooming and Dressing | 650 | ||
| Objectives | 650 | ||
| Key Terms | 651 | ||
| Hair Care | 651 | ||
| Brushing and Combing Hair | 652 | ||
| How to Brush or Comb Hair | 653 | ||
| Some Examples of Cultural Differences With Respect to Hair | 653 | ||
| Who Can Cut a Client’s Hair? | 654 | ||
| Observations to Make | 655 | ||
| Shampooing | 655 | ||
| Shampooing During the Shower or Tub Bath | 655 | ||
| Shampooing a Client’s Hair at the Sink | 656 | ||
| Facing the Sink | 656 | ||
| Leaning Back | 656 | ||
| Lying Down | 656 | ||
| Assistive Devices | 657 | ||
| Shampooing in Bed | 657 | ||
| Shaving | 659 | ||
| Electric Shaver Maintenance | 661 | ||
| Caring for Moustaches and Beards | 661 | ||
| Shaving Legs and Underarms for Female Clients | 661 | ||
| Pubic Hair | 661 | ||
| Care of Nails and Feet | 664 | ||
| Important Things to Watch for | 664 | ||
| Soften the Nails First | 664 | ||
| Changing Clothing, Incontinence Briefs, and Hospital Gowns | 668 | ||
| Changing Hospital Gowns | 677 | ||
| Applying Elastic Anti-Embolic Stockings and Bandages | 680 | ||
| Applying Anti-Embolic Stockings | 680 | ||
| Applying Elastic Bandages | 682 | ||
| Compassionate Care | 684 | ||
| Care of Wigs | 684 | ||
| Storage | 684 | ||
| Washing | 684 | ||
| Drying | 684 | ||
| Wearing | 684 | ||
| Chapter Review | 686 | ||
| Key Points | 686 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 686 | ||
| Review Questions | 686 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 686 | ||
| Circle T if the answer is true, and circle F if the answer is false. | 687 | ||
| Answers: | 687 | ||
| 32 Urinary Elimination | 688 | ||
| Objectives | 688 | ||
| Key Terms | 689 | ||
| Normal Urination | 689 | ||
| Observations to Make About Urine | 690 | ||
| Bedpans | 691 | ||
| Urinals | 696 | ||
| Commodes | 698 | ||
| Urinary Incontinence | 700 | ||
| Problems Related to Urinary Incontinence | 700 | ||
| Stress for the Caregiver | 700 | ||
| Incontinence Pads | 701 | ||
| Catheters | 702 | ||
| Purposes of Catheters | 702 | ||
| Drainage Systems | 712 | ||
| Measuring Urine Drainage | 712 | ||
| Accidental Disconnection | 713 | ||
| The Condom Catheter | 713 | ||
| Bladder Training | 714 | ||
| Collecting Urine Specimens | 714 | ||
| The Random Urine Specimen | 714 | ||
| The Midstream Specimen | 716 | ||
| The 24-Hour Urine Specimen | 718 | ||
| Collecting a Specimen From an Infant or Child | 719 | ||
| Testing Urine | 720 | ||
| Using Reagent Strips | 721 | ||
| Straining Urine | 722 | ||
| The Client With A Ureterostomy or an Ileal Conduit | 724 | ||
| Compassionate Care | 727 | ||
| Chapter Review | 728 | ||
| Key Points | 728 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 728 | ||
| Review Questions | 728 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 728 | ||
| Answers: | 729 | ||
| 33 Bowel Elimination | 730 | ||
| Objectives | 730 | ||
| Key Terms | 731 | ||
| Normal Bowel Movements | 731 | ||
| Observations | 732 | ||
| Factors Affecting Bowel Movement | 732 | ||
| Common Problems | 733 | ||
| Constipation | 733 | ||
| Fecal Impaction | 734 | ||
| Diarrhea | 734 | ||
| Fecal Incontinence | 735 | ||
| Flatulence | 735 | ||
| Bowel Training | 735 | ||
| Enemas | 736 | ||
| The Commercial Enema | 736 | ||
| Rectal Tubes | 739 | ||
| The Client With an Ostomy | 739 | ||
| Colostomy | 739 | ||
| Ileostomy | 740 | ||
| Ostomy Pouches | 741 | ||
| Stool Specimens | 744 | ||
| Testing Stools for Blood | 744 | ||
| Chapter Review | 747 | ||
| Key Points | 747 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 747 | ||
| Review Questions | 747 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 747 | ||
| Answers: | 748 | ||
| 34 Beds and Bed Making | 749 | ||
| Objectives | 749 | ||
| Key Terms | 750 | ||
| The Bed | 750 | ||
| Regular Beds | 750 | ||
| Hospital Beds | 750 | ||
| Bed Positions | 752 | ||
| Linen | 753 | ||
| Bed Making | 756 | ||
| The Closed Bed | 756 | ||
| The Open Bed | 761 | ||
| The Occupied Bed | 761 | ||
| Chapter Review | 766 | ||
| Key Points | 766 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 766 | ||
| Review Questions | 766 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 766 | ||
| Answers: | 767 | ||
| 35 Mental Health Disorders | 768 | ||
| Objectives | 768 | ||
| Key Terms | 769 | ||
| Mental Health and Mental Health Disorders | 770 | ||
| Impact of Mental Health Disorders | 770 | ||
| Causes of Mental Health Disorders | 772 | ||
| Supporting Clients and Their Families | 773 | ||
| The Importance of DIPPS | 773 | ||
| Team Approach | 774 | ||
| Stigma of Mental Health Disorders | 774 | ||
| Effect on the Family | 775 | ||
| Culture and Its Influence on Mental Health Disorders and Treatment | 775 | ||
| Refugees | 775 | ||
| Providing Care and Support for Clients With Mental Health Disorders | 776 | ||
| Acquired Brain Injuries | 776 | ||
| Symptoms of Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) | 777 | ||
| Supporting Clients With Acquired Brain Injury | 777 | ||
| Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders | 778 | ||
| Supporting Clients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders | 779 | ||
| Bipolar and Related Disorders | 779 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms of Mania (or a Manic Episode) | 780 | ||
| Supporting Clients With Bipolar and Related Disorders | 780 | ||
| Depressive Disorders | 781 | ||
| Major Depressive Disorder | 781 | ||
| Seasonal Affective Disorder | 782 | ||
| Other Types of Depressive Disorders | 782 | ||
| Supporting Clients With a Depressive Disorder | 783 | ||
| Anxiety Disorders | 783 | ||
| Panic Disorder | 783 | ||
| Phobic Disorder | 784 | ||
| Other Types of Anxiety Disorders | 785 | ||
| Supporting Clients With Anxiety Disorders | 785 | ||
| Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders | 785 | ||
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children | 785 | ||
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Older Adults | 786 | ||
| Supporting Clients With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | 786 | ||
| Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders | 786 | ||
| Hoarding Disorder | 787 | ||
| Other Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders | 787 | ||
| Supporting a Client With Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders | 787 | ||
| Feeding and Eating Disorders | 787 | ||
| Anorexia Nervosa | 788 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa | 788 | ||
| Causes | 789 | ||
| Anorexia Nervosa’s Effects on the Body | 789 | ||
| Bulimia Nervosa | 789 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms of Bulimia Nervosa | 789 | ||
| Bulimia Nervosa’s Effects on the Body | 790 | ||
| Pica | 790 | ||
| Causes of Pica | 790 | ||
| Supporting Clients With Feeding and Eating Disorders | 790 | ||
| Sleep–Wake Disorders | 790 | ||
| Supporting Clients With Sleep–Wake Disorders | 791 | ||
| Suicidal Behaviour Disorder | 791 | ||
| Risk Factors That May Lead to Suicidal Intent or Behaviour | 792 | ||
| Supporting Clients Who Have Suicidal Intent | 793 | ||
| Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders | 793 | ||
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder | 793 | ||
| Symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Clients: | 793 | ||
| Intermittent Explosive Disorder | 793 | ||
| Symptoms of Intermittent Explosive Disorder | 793 | ||
| Conduct Disorder | 794 | ||
| Symptoms of Conduct Disorder in Clients | 794 | ||
| Supporting Clients With Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders | 795 | ||
| Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders | 795 | ||
| Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) | 796 | ||
| Supporting Clients With Substance-Dependence Disorders | 796 | ||
| Personality Disorders | 796 | ||
| Common Signs and Symptoms of Personality Disorders | 797 | ||
| Supporting Clients With Personality Disorders | 797 | ||
| Chapter Review | 799 | ||
| Key Points | 799 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 800 | ||
| Review Questions | 800 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 800 | ||
| Answers: | 802 | ||
| 36 Disorientation, Delirium, and Dementia | 803 | ||
| Objectives | 803 | ||
| Key Terms | 804 | ||
| Disorientation | 805 | ||
| Causes of Disorientation | 806 | ||
| Diagnosing Disorientation, Delirium, and Dementia | 806 | ||
| Ways to Minimize or Prevent Disorientation | 806 | ||
| Delirium | 806 | ||
| Signs and Symptoms of Delirium | 807 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment of Delirium | 807 | ||
| Dementia | 808 | ||
| Treatable (or Reversible) Forms of Dementia | 808 | ||
| Irreversible Forms of Dementia | 810 | ||
| Primary Dementias | 810 | ||
| Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias | 810 | ||
| Warning Signs of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias | 811 | ||
| Vascular Dementia | 811 | ||
| Dementia With Lewy Bodies | 812 | ||
| Fronto-Temporal Degeneration Dementia | 812 | ||
| Secondary Dementias | 812 | ||
| Parkinson’s Disease Dementia | 813 | ||
| Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease | 813 | ||
| Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus | 813 | ||
| Substance-Induced Persisting Dementias | 813 | ||
| Wernicke–Korsakoff Syndrome | 813 | ||
| Other Causes of Secondary Dementia | 814 | ||
| Depression and Dementia12 | 814 | ||
| Supporting a Client With Dementia Who Is Depressed | 814 | ||
| Stages of Dementia | 815 | ||
| Stage 1: Mild (Early Stage) | 815 | ||
| Stage 2: Moderate (Middle Stage) | 815 | ||
| Stage 3: Severe (Late Stage) | 820 | ||
| Supporting Clients With Dementia | 820 | ||
| Meeting Basic Client Needs | 820 | ||
| Safety | 823 | ||
| Hygiene, Grooming, and Dressing | 823 | ||
| Elimination Needs | 824 | ||
| Nutrition | 824 | ||
| Fluids | 824 | ||
| Exercise | 824 | ||
| Health Issues | 824 | ||
| Comfort | 824 | ||
| Sleep | 824 | ||
| Socialization Therapy and Activities | 825 | ||
| Communication | 825 | ||
| Managing Challenging or Responsive Behaviours | 827 | ||
| Validation Therapy | 828 | ||
| Gentle Persuasive Approaches | 829 | ||
| Preventing Wandering | 829 | ||
| Secured Units | 830 | ||
| Sundowning | 830 | ||
| Hallucinations and Delusions | 831 | ||
| Catastrophic Reactions | 831 | ||
| Agitation and Restlessness | 831 | ||
| Aggression and Combativeness | 832 | ||
| Screaming | 832 | ||
| Abnormal Sexual Behaviours | 832 | ||
| Repetitive Behaviours | 833 | ||
| Hoarding | 833 | ||
| Caregiver Needs | 833 | ||
| Chapter Review | 838 | ||
| Key Points | 838 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 838 | ||
| Review Questions | 838 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 838 | ||
| Answers: | 840 | ||
| 37 Common Diseases and Conditions | 841 | ||
| Objectives | 841 | ||
| Key Terms | 842 | ||
| Integumentary Disorders | 844 | ||
| Urticaria | 845 | ||
| Dermatitis | 845 | ||
| Eczema | 845 | ||
| Shingles | 845 | ||
| Scabies | 845 | ||
| Psoriasis | 848 | ||
| Boil | 848 | ||
| Cyst | 848 | ||
| Impetigo | 848 | ||
| Skin Tag | 848 | ||
| Athlete’s Foot | 848 | ||
| Scleroderma | 849 | ||
| Seborrheic Keratosis | 849 | ||
| Skin Cancer | 849 | ||
| Musculo-Skeletal Disorders | 850 | ||
| Fractures | 850 | ||
| Casting and Cast Care | 851 | ||
| Traction | 851 | ||
| Hip Fractures | 852 | ||
| Osteomyelitis | 852 | ||
| Amputation of a Limb | 854 | ||
| Prostheses | 854 | ||
| Prostheses and Skin Care | 855 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 855 | ||
| Arthritis | 855 | ||
| Osteoarthritis | 855 | ||
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | 856 | ||
| Gout | 857 | ||
| Fibromyalgia | 857 | ||
| Nervous System Disorders | 857 | ||
| Epilepsy | 857 | ||
| Stroke | 858 | ||
| Aneurysm | 860 | ||
| Acquired Brain Injuries | 860 | ||
| Parkinson’s Disease | 860 | ||
| Huntington’s Disease | 861 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | 861 | ||
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | 862 | ||
| Spinal Cord Injuries | 862 | ||
| Cardiovascular Disorders | 862 | ||
| Hypertension | 863 | ||
| Coronary Artery Disease | 863 | ||
| Angina Pectoris | 864 | ||
| Myocardial Infarction | 865 | ||
| Congestive Heart Failure | 866 | ||
| Arrhythmias | 867 | ||
| Phlebitis | 867 | ||
| Thrombus | 867 | ||
| Respiratory Disorders | 867 | ||
| Asthma | 867 | ||
| Pneumonia | 867 | ||
| Bronchitis | 868 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 868 | ||
| Chronic Bronchitis | 868 | ||
| Emphysema | 868 | ||
| Digestive Disorders | 869 | ||
| Vomiting | 869 | ||
| Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease | 869 | ||
| Gallbladder Disease | 870 | ||
| Liver Disease | 870 | ||
| Celiac Disease | 870 | ||
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 870 | ||
| Colitis | 870 | ||
| Crohn’s Disease | 870 | ||
| Diverticular Disease | 871 | ||
| Urinary Disorders | 871 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infections | 871 | ||
| Renal Calculi | 872 | ||
| Renal Failure | 872 | ||
| Acute Renal Failure | 872 | ||
| Chronic Renal Failure | 873 | ||
| Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) | 873 | ||
| Endocrine Disorders | 874 | ||
| Diabetes | 874 | ||
| Hyperthyroidism | 876 | ||
| Hypothyroidism | 876 | ||
| Cancer | 876 | ||
| Communicable Diseases | 878 | ||
| Hepatitis | 878 | ||
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome | 880 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Infections | 881 | ||
| Influenza | 881 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 881 | ||
| Immune System Disorders | 882 | ||
| Autoimmune Disorders | 883 | ||
| Chapter Review | 884 | ||
| Key Points | 884 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 884 | ||
| Review Questions | 885 | ||
| Circle T if the answer is true, and F if the answer is false. | 885 | ||
| Answers: | 885 | ||
| 38 Developmental Disorders and Disabilities | 886 | ||
| Objectives | 886 | ||
| Key Terms | 887 | ||
| The Impact of Developmental Disorders and Disabilities on the Family | 887 | ||
| Types of Developmental Disorders and Disabilities | 888 | ||
| Intellectual Disabilities | 889 | ||
| Down Syndrome | 892 | ||
| Cerebral Palsy | 892 | ||
| Epilepsy | 893 | ||
| Spina Bifida | 894 | ||
| Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) | 895 | ||
| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) | 896 | ||
| Autism Spectrum Disorder | 897 | ||
| Supporting Clients With Developmental Disorders and Disabilities | 897 | ||
| Chapter Review | 900 | ||
| Key Points | 900 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 900 | ||
| Review Questions | 900 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 900 | ||
| Answers: | 901 | ||
| 39 Speech and Language Disorders | 902 | ||
| Objectives | 902 | ||
| Key Terms | 903 | ||
| Aphasia | 903 | ||
| Types of Aphasia | 903 | ||
| Apraxia of Speech | 904 | ||
| Dysarthria | 904 | ||
| Emotional Effects of Speech and Language Disorders | 904 | ||
| Treatment for Speech and Language Disorders | 905 | ||
| The Use of Computers That Assist Clients With Speech and Language Challenges | 906 | ||
| Supporting and Communicating With Clients | 906 | ||
| Chapter Review | 910 | ||
| Key Points | 910 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 910 | ||
| Review Questions | 910 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 910 | ||
| Answers | 911 | ||
| 40 Hearing and Vision Disorders | 912 | ||
| Objectives | 912 | ||
| Key Terms | 913 | ||
| Ear Disorders | 913 | ||
| Effects of Hearing Impairment | 915 | ||
| Aids for People With Hearing Loss | 915 | ||
| Hearing Aids | 915 | ||
| Technology for Hearing Assistance | 917 | ||
| Caring for Clients With Hearing Impairment | 917 | ||
| Eye Disorders and Vision Impairment | 918 | ||
| Effects of Vision Impairment | 921 | ||
| Vision Aids and Corrective Measures | 921 | ||
| Eyeglasses | 921 | ||
| Contact Lenses | 922 | ||
| Laser Surgery for Vision Correction | 922 | ||
| Intra-Ocular Lens Implants | 922 | ||
| Aids for Reading | 922 | ||
| Communication Aids | 922 | ||
| Devices for Entertainment | 922 | ||
| Medical Devices | 922 | ||
| Artificial Eyes | 923 | ||
| Caring for Clients With Vision Loss | 923 | ||
| Chapter Review | 925 | ||
| Key Points | 925 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 925 | ||
| Review Questions | 925 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 925 | ||
| Answers: | 926 | ||
| 41 Oxygen Needs | 927 | ||
| Objectives | 927 | ||
| Key Terms | 928 | ||
| Factors Affecting Oxygen Needs | 929 | ||
| Altered Respiratory Function | 929 | ||
| Abnormal Respiratory Patterns | 931 | ||
| Hypoxia | 932 | ||
| Promoting Oxygenation | 932 | ||
| Positioning and Rest Periods | 933 | ||
| Coughing and Deep Breathing | 933 | ||
| Incentive Spirometry | 937 | ||
| Assisting With Oxygen Therapy | 937 | ||
| Your Role in Oxygen Therapy | 937 | ||
| Oxygen Sources | 937 | ||
| Oxygen Concentrator | 938 | ||
| Oxygen Cylinder | 938 | ||
| Liquid Oxygen System | 938 | ||
| Oxygen Therapy and Safety | 939 | ||
| Oxygen and Fire Safety | 939 | ||
| Oxygen Administration Devices | 940 | ||
| Nasal Cannula | 940 | ||
| Simple Face Mask | 941 | ||
| Partial-Rebreather Mask | 941 | ||
| Non-Rebreather Mask | 942 | ||
| Venturi Mask | 942 | ||
| Oxygen Flow Rates | 942 | ||
| Preparing for Oxygen Administration | 942 | ||
| Humidified Oxygen | 942 | ||
| Assisting With Assessment and Diagnostic Testing | 944 | ||
| Pulse Oximetry | 944 | ||
| Collecting Sputum Specimens | 946 | ||
| Postural Drainage | 947 | ||
| Artificial Airways | 947 | ||
| Types of Artificial Airways | 949 | ||
| Care of a Client With an Artificial Airway | 949 | ||
| Tracheostomies | 950 | ||
| Types of Tracheostomies | 950 | ||
| Supporting the Client With a Tracheostomy | 950 | ||
| Safety Measures | 951 | ||
| Tracheostomy Care | 951 | ||
| Suctioning an Airway | 952 | ||
| Suctioning Sites | 952 | ||
| Safety Measures Related to Suctioning | 953 | ||
| Mechanical Ventilation | 954 | ||
| Chest Tubes | 955 | ||
| Chapter Review | 958 | ||
| Key Points | 958 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 958 | ||
| Review Questions | 958 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 958 | ||
| Answers: | 960 | ||
| 42 Home Management | 961 | ||
| Objectives | 961 | ||
| Key Terms | 962 | ||
| Your Role in Home Management | 962 | ||
| Who Pays for What Services? | 962 | ||
| Assisting the Client With Tasks Involving Their Money | 962 | ||
| Dealing With Conflicting Demands | 964 | ||
| Getting Organized | 964 | ||
| Equipment and Supplies | 966 | ||
| Equipment | 966 | ||
| Supplies | 966 | ||
| Using Cleaning Products Safely | 966 | ||
| Cleaning Bedrooms, Living Rooms, Kitchens, and Bathrooms | 967 | ||
| Cleaning Kitchens | 967 | ||
| Cleaning Bathrooms | 967 | ||
| Mould and Mildew | 972 | ||
| Doing Laundry | 972 | ||
| Laundry Care Symbols | 974 | ||
| Laundry Soiled With Body Substances | 976 | ||
| Removing Stains | 978 | ||
| Recycling Items and Composting | 979 | ||
| Performing Tasks Not Included on the Client’s Care Plan | 979 | ||
| Consult With Your Supervisor | 979 | ||
| Chapter Review | 981 | ||
| Key Points | 981 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 981 | ||
| Review Questions | 981 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 981 | ||
| Answers: | 982 | ||
| 43 Assisting With Medications | 983 | ||
| Objectives | 983 | ||
| Key Terms | 984 | ||
| Scope of Practice: Your Role | 986 | ||
| How Medications Work in the Body | 987 | ||
| Drug Action | 987 | ||
| Drug Interactions | 987 | ||
| Types of Medications | 990 | ||
| Drug Effects and Classifications | 991 | ||
| Factors Affecting Drug Action | 992 | ||
| Adverse Effects | 995 | ||
| Drug Allergy | 995 | ||
| Performing Simple Medication Math | 996 | ||
| Documentation | 996 | ||
| Understanding Abbreviations | 997 | ||
| The “Rights” of Assisting With Medications | 997 | ||
| Medication Labelling Requirements | 999 | ||
| Reporting Medication Errors | 1000 | ||
| Chapter Review | 1011 | ||
| Key Points | 1011 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 1011 | ||
| Review Questions | 1011 | ||
| Circle T if the answer is true, and circle F if the answer is false. | 1011 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 1012 | ||
| Answers: | 1012 | ||
| 44 Heat and Cold Applications | 1013 | ||
| Objectives | 1013 | ||
| Key Terms | 1014 | ||
| Heat Applications | 1014 | ||
| Complications | 1016 | ||
| Moist and Dry Heat Applications | 1016 | ||
| Warm Compresses | 1017 | ||
| Warm Soaks | 1020 | ||
| The Sitz Bath | 1020 | ||
| Warm Packs | 1022 | ||
| Cold Applications | 1026 | ||
| Complications | 1026 | ||
| Moist and Dry Cold Applications | 1027 | ||
| Ice Bags, Ice Collars, Ice Gloves, and Dry Cold Packs | 1027 | ||
| Cold Compresses | 1027 | ||
| Chapter Review | 1031 | ||
| Key Points | 1031 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 1031 | ||
| Review Questions | 1031 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 1031 | ||
| Answers: | 1032 | ||
| 45 Working in Acute Care | 1033 | ||
| Objectives | 1033 | ||
| Key Terms | 1034 | ||
| Supporting the Client During Transitions | 1034 | ||
| The Hospital Unit | 1035 | ||
| Admitting a Client to an Acute-Care Facility | 1036 | ||
| Transfers | 1037 | ||
| Discharges | 1038 | ||
| Assisting With Physical Examinations | 1038 | ||
| Your Responsibilities Regarding Physical Examinations | 1038 | ||
| Equipment | 1039 | ||
| Preparing the Client for a Physical Exam | 1039 | ||
| Positioning and Draping the Client | 1040 | ||
| Assisting With the Examination | 1041 | ||
| Assisting After the Examination | 1042 | ||
| Supporting the Client Having Surgery | 1043 | ||
| Psychological Care | 1044 | ||
| Client Information | 1044 | ||
| Your Role | 1045 | ||
| The Preoperative Period | 1045 | ||
| Preoperative Teaching | 1045 | ||
| Special Tests | 1046 | ||
| Nutrition and Fluids | 1046 | ||
| Elimination | 1046 | ||
| Personal Care | 1047 | ||
| Valuables | 1047 | ||
| Skin Preparation | 1047 | ||
| The Preoperative Checklist | 1047 | ||
| Preoperative Medication | 1047 | ||
| Transport to the Operating Room | 1049 | ||
| Anaesthesia | 1049 | ||
| The Postoperative Period | 1049 | ||
| Preparing the Client’s Room | 1049 | ||
| Return From the Recovery Room | 1050 | ||
| Observations | 1050 | ||
| Positioning | 1050 | ||
| Coughing and Deep Breathing | 1050 | ||
| Stimulating Circulation | 1050 | ||
| Leg Exercises | 1051 | ||
| Elastic Stockings and Bandages | 1052 | ||
| Early Ambulation | 1052 | ||
| Wound Healing | 1053 | ||
| Nutrition and Fluids | 1053 | ||
| Elimination | 1053 | ||
| Comfort and Rest | 1053 | ||
| Personal Hygiene | 1053 | ||
| Chapter Review | 1055 | ||
| Key Points | 1055 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 1055 | ||
| Review Questions | 1055 | ||
| Circle T if the answer is true, and circle F if the answer is false. | 1055 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 1056 | ||
| Answers: | 1056 | ||
| 46 End-of-Life Care | 1057 | ||
| Objectives | 1057 | ||
| Key Terms | 1058 | ||
| Life-Threatening Illness | 1058 | ||
| Attitudes Toward Death | 1058 | ||
| Personal Beliefs, Culture, and Religion | 1059 | ||
| Dying With Dignity, the Right to Die, and Assisted Suicide | 1059 | ||
| Treatment of the Body After Death | 1059 | ||
| Age and Experience | 1059 | ||
| Grief | 1061 | ||
| What Is Grief?1 | 1061 | ||
| Theories of Grief | 1061 | ||
| Kübler-Ross’s Stages of Grief | 1063 | ||
| Bowlby’s Phases of Mourning | 1063 | ||
| Worden’s Four Tasks of Mourning | 1063 | ||
| Palliative Care | 1064 | ||
| Caring for a Client Who Is Dying | 1065 | ||
| Emotional, Social, Intellectual, and Spiritual Needs | 1065 | ||
| Physical Needs | 1066 | ||
| Comforting the Family | 1067 | ||
| Legal Issues | 1068 | ||
| Advance Directive | 1069 | ||
| “Do Not Resuscitate” Orders | 1069 | ||
| Signs of Death | 1070 | ||
| Care of the Body After Death | 1070 | ||
| Funeral Planning | 1071 | ||
| Chapter Review | 1073 | ||
| Key Points | 1073 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 1073 | ||
| Review Questions | 1073 | ||
| Circle the BEST answer. | 1073 | ||
| Answers: | 1074 | ||
| 47 Starting Your Career | 1075 | ||
| Objectives | 1075 | ||
| Key Terms | 1076 | ||
| Getting Organized | 1076 | ||
| Setting Priorities and Goals | 1077 | ||
| Preparing Your Resumé and Professional Portfolio | 1077 | ||
| Resumé | 1077 | ||
| Elements of a Resumé | 1078 | ||
| Getting Started on Your Resumé | 1078 | ||
| Organizing Your Resumé | 1078 | ||
| Chronological Resumé | 1078 | ||
| Functional Resumé | 1080 | ||
| Creating Your Resumé | 1080 | ||
| Formatting and Printing | 1080 | ||
| The Professional Portfolio | 1082 | ||
| Finding and Following Leads | 1082 | ||
| Selecting References | 1083 | ||
| Preparing a Letter of Application | 1083 | ||
| Determining the Employer’s Needs | 1083 | ||
| Organizing a Letter of Application (Cover Letter) | 1086 | ||
| Front Matter | 1086 | ||
| Body | 1086 | ||
| Closing | 1086 | ||
| Writing Your Letter of Application | 1086 | ||
| Delivering Your Letter of Application and Resumé | 1087 | ||
| Tips on Conveying Professionalism Electronically | 1087 | ||
| Completing a Job Application Form | 1087 | ||
| Using Social Networking Sites | 1088 | ||
| The Interview | 1088 | ||
| The Group Interview | 1089 | ||
| More Than One Applicant | 1089 | ||
| More Than One Interviewer | 1089 | ||
| Practising for Your Job Interview | 1090 | ||
| Developing Listening Skills | 1090 | ||
| Practising Relaxation Techniques | 1090 | ||
| Practising Your Responses | 1090 | ||
| Planning | 1090 | ||
| Making a Good Impression | 1091 | ||
| Grooming | 1091 | ||
| Clothing | 1091 | ||
| Conduct | 1091 | ||
| Interview Tips | 1091 | ||
| Follow-Up | 1092 | ||
| The Employment Offer | 1092 | ||
| Accepting an Offer | 1094 | ||
| Terms of Employment | 1094 | ||
| Conditional Offer | 1094 | ||
| Probation | 1094 | ||
| Benefits | 1094 | ||
| How to Refuse or Leave a Job Without Leaving a Negative Impression | 1094 | ||
| Chapter Review | 1096 | ||
| Key Points | 1096 | ||
| Critical Thinking in Practice | 1096 | ||
| Review Questions | 1096 | ||
| Circle T if the answer is true, and circle F if the answer is false. | 1096 | ||
| Answers: | 1097 | ||
| Appendix | 1099 | ||
| Glossary | 1101 | ||
| References | 1127 | ||
| Chapter 1 | 1127 | ||
| Chapter 2 | 1127 | ||
| Chapter 3 | 1127 | ||
| Chapter 4 | 1128 | ||
| Chapter 5 | 1128 | ||
| Chapter 6 | 1128 | ||
| Chapter 7 | 1128 | ||
| Chapter 8 | 1128 | ||
| Chapter 9 | 1128 | ||
| Chapter 10 | 1129 | ||
| Chapter 11 | 1129 | ||
| Chapter 12 | 1129 | ||
| Chapter 14 | 1129 | ||
| Chapter 16 | 1129 | ||
| Chapter 17 | 1130 | ||
| Chapter 19 | 1130 | ||
| Chapter 20 | 1130 | ||
| Chapter 21 | 1131 | ||
| Chapter 22 | 1131 | ||
| Chapter 23 | 1131 | ||
| Chapter 25 | 1131 | ||
| Chapter 26 | 1131 | ||
| Chapter 28 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 31 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 34 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 35 | 1132 | ||
| Chapter 36 | 1133 | ||
| Chapter 37 | 1134 | ||
| Chapter 38 | 1135 | ||
| Chapter 39 | 1135 | ||
| Chapter 40 | 1135 | ||
| Chapter 42 | 1135 | ||
| Chapter 46 | 1135 | ||
| Chapter 47 | 1135 | ||
| Index | 1136 | ||
| A | 1136 | ||
| B | 1137 | ||
| C | 1138 | ||
| D | 1139 | ||
| E | 1140 | ||
| F | 1141 | ||
| G | 1141 | ||
| H | 1142 | ||
| I | 1142 | ||
| J | 1143 | ||
| K | 1143 | ||
| L | 1143 | ||
| M | 1144 | ||
| N | 1144 | ||
| O | 1145 | ||
| P | 1145 | ||
| Q | 1147 | ||
| R | 1147 | ||
| S | 1148 | ||
| T | 1149 | ||
| U | 1150 | ||
| V | 1150 | ||
| W | 1150 | ||
| Y | 1151 | ||
| Procedures | 1152 | ||
| Insert Card | IBC4 | ||
| Vital Signs | IBC4 | ||
| Normal Body Temperatures | IBC4 | ||
| Pulse | IBC4 | ||
| Respirations | IBC4 | ||
| Blood Pressure | IBC4 | ||
| Normal: | IBC4 | ||
| Abnormal: | IBC4 | ||
| Signs of Infection That Need to Be Reported | IBC4 | ||
| Localized Infection | IBC4 | ||
| Urinary Tract or Other Infection | IBC4 | ||
| Positioning | IBC4 | ||
| Measurement Conversions | IBC5 | ||
| Range-of-Motion (ROM) Definitions | IBC5 | ||
| Abbreviations | IBC5 | ||
| 24-Hour Clock | IBC5 |