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Early Childhood Mental Health: Empirical Assessment and Intervention from Conception through Preschool, An Issue of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, E-Book

Early Childhood Mental Health: Empirical Assessment and Intervention from Conception through Preschool, An Issue of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, E-Book

Mini Tandon

(2017)

Additional Information

Abstract

This issue of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, edited by Dr. Mini Tandon, will cover a broad range of topics in Early Childhood Mental Health. Subjects discussed include, but are not limited to: Newborns, preschoolers, Internalizing Disorders, ADHD and the Externalizing Disorders, Trauma, Sleep Disorders, Attachment issues, Autism, and Feeding Disorders, among others.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
Early Childhood Mental Health:Empirical Assessment andIntervention from Conceptionthrough Preschool\r i
Copyright\r ii
Contributors iii
CONSULTING EDITOR iii
CONSULTING EDITOR EMERITUS iii
FOUNDING CONSULTING EDITOR iii
EDITOR iii
AUTHORS iii
Contents vii
Preface: Early Childhood Mental Health: Empirical Assessment and Intervention from Conception Through Preschool\r vii
Early and Comprehensive Assessment\r vii
Early Childhood Mental Health: Starting Early with the Pregnant Mother\r vii
Assessment: The Newborn\r vii
Clinical Assessment of Young Children\r vii
Psychopathology and Intervention\r viii
Beyond Reactive Attachment Disorder: How Might Attachment Research Inform Child Psychiatry Practice?\r viii
Trauma and Very Young Children\r viii
Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children 0 to 6 Years Old\r viii
Depression and Anxiety in Preschoolers: A Review of the Past 7 Years\r viii
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool-Age Children\r ix
Intellectual Disability and Language Disorder\r ix
The Early Origins of Autism\r ix
Feeding Disorders\r ix
Sleep Disorders: Assessment and Treatment in Preschool-Aged Children\r x
Setting the Stage for Collaboration and Future Directions\r x
Partnerships with Primary Care for the Treatment of Preschoolers\r x
The Future of Preschool Prevention, Assessment, and Intervention\r x
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT\rPSYCHIATRIC CLINICS\r xi
FORTHCOMING ISSUES xi
October 2017 xi
January 2018 xi
April 2018 xi
RECENT ISSUES xi
April 2017 xi
January 2017 xi
October 2016 xi
Preface\r xiii
Early Childhood Mental Health: Empirical Assessment and Intervention from Conception Through Preschool xiii
Early and Comprehensive Assessment A1
Early Childhood Mental Health 411
Key points 411
INTRODUCTION 411
PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY 412
IMPLICATIONS FOR CHILD MENTAL HEALTH 413
IMPLEMENTING SCREENING FOR MATERNAL PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER 413
What Is Screening? 413
When Should Screening Occur? 414
Who Should Be Screening? 414
Where Should Screening Take Place? 414
Current Evidence Regarding Perinatal Screening Practices 415
WHICH SCREENING INSTRUMENTS SHOULD I USE? 415
BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO SCREENING AND INTERVENTION 415
THE ROLE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL ASSESSMENT DURING PREGNANCY 417
FUTURE DIRECTIONS 418
Including Fathers 418
Technology 418
Alternative Delivery Models 419
SUMMARY 419
REFERENCES 419
Assessment 427
Key points 427
INTRODUCTION 427
ASSESSMENT OF THE NEWBORN 428
Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessments 428
The Neurobiological Framework of Newborn Neurobehavior 429
Neonatal Assessment and Infant Temperament 432
Neonatal Assessment and Socioemotional Impairments in Childhood 434
Summary 435
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 437
SUMMARY 437
REFERENCES 437
Clinical Assessment of Young Children 441
Key points 441
INTRODUCTION 441
Contexts of Early Childhood Mental Health Assessment 441
Diagnostic Systems 442
Developmentally Specific Context 442
THE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 443
Planning for the Appointment 443
Taking the History 443
Review of systems 443
Medical history 444
Developmental history 444
Family history 444
Social history 444
UNSTRUCTURED OBSERVATIONS 444
Mental Status Examination 445
Appearance 445
Behavior 445
Speech 445
Mood and affect 445
Thought content 446
Thought process 446
Development 446
Observation of Caregiver-Child Interaction 446
Reciprocity 446
Mutual enjoyment and shared affective experiences 446
Emotional availability and emotion regulation 446
Comfort seeking and distress responses 447
Play 447
Limit setting and cooperation 447
Separation and reunion response 447
Additional Informal Observations 447
STRUCTURED ASSESSMENT TOOLS 447
Crowell Parent-child Interaction Procedure 448
Working Model of the Child Interview 448
Structured Diagnostic Interviews 448
Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment 449
Diagnostic Infant Preschool Assessment 449
Parent-report Measures 449
Laboratory Evaluation 449
FORMULATION: PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 452
REFERENCES 452
Psychopathology and Intervention A3
Beyond Reactive Attachment Disorder 455
Key points 455
ATTACHMENT AND DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS 457
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATTACHMENT 458
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN ATTACHMENT: SECURE, INSECURE, AND DISORGANIZED 460
ATTACHMENT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTION 460
ATTACHMENT DISORDERS 462
ASSESSMENT OF ATTACHMENT 462
EVIDENCE-BASED THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS TO FOSTER ATTACHMENT 465
PHARMACOTHERAPY AND ATTACHMENT 470
SUMMARY 470
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 471
REFERENCES 471
Trauma and Very Young Children 477
Key points 477
INTRODUCTION 477
How Common Is Trauma Exposure? 477
How Does Trauma Affect Development? 478
CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES AMONG YOUNG CHILDREN 479
PROTECTIVE FACTORS AND RESILIENCE 480
ASSESSMENT AND INTERVENTION 480
Assessment of Trauma Symptoms 481
Intervention 481
Trauma-informed systems 481
Trauma interventions 483
Attachment and biobehavioral catch-up 483
Attachment, regulation, and competency 485
Child-parent psychotherapy 485
The incredible years 485
Parent-child interaction therapy 485
Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy 485
SUMMARY 486
REFERENCES 486
Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children 0 to 6 Years Old 491
Key points 491
COMORBIDITY 492
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS 492
GENETIC RISK FACTORS 494
NEUROIMAGING 494
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILES AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGIC CORRELATES 495
ASSESSMENT 495
TREATMENT 496
REFERENCES 497
Depression and Anxiety in Preschoolers 503
Key points 503
INTRODUCTION 503
RESEARCH ON PRESCHOOL INTERNALIZING DISORDERS 504
ASSESSMENT OF PRESCHOOL DEPRESSION 506
PREVALENCE AND COURSE OF PRESCHOOL DEPRESSION 507
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PRESCHOOL DEPRESSION 507
NEUROBIOLOGICAL CORRELATES OF PRESCHOOL DEPRESSION 509
TREATMENT OF PRESCHOOL DEPRESSION 510
ASSESSMENT OF PRESCHOOL ANXIETY DISORDERS 511
PREVALENCE OF PRESCHOOL ANXIETY DISORDERS 512
RISK FACTORS FOR PRESCHOOL ANXIETY DISORDERS 512
TREATMENT OF PRESCHOOL ANXIETY DISORDERS 513
CASE STUDY 513
SUMMARY 514
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 514
REFERENCES 514
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool-Age Children 523
Key points 523
INTRODUCTION 523
TREATMENT OF ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER 525
EVIDENCE-BASED NONPHARMACOLOGIC APPROACHES IN TREATMENT OF ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER 525
Evidence-based Behavioral Intervention for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 525
Community Parent Education Program 527
Neurofeedback 529
EVIDENCE-BASED PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT FOR ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER 530
EVIDENCE-BASED COMBINATION BEHAVIORAL AND MEDICATION TREATMENT FOR ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER 532
Nutrition, Exercise, and Sleep 532
SUMMARY 534
REFERENCES 535
Intellectual Disability and Language Disorder 539
Key points 539
INTRODUCTION 539
INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY 540
Evaluation 541
Differential Diagnosis 541
Challenging Behaviors, Comorbidity, and Management 542
Promotion of Developmental Progress 543
LANGUAGE DISORDERS 543
Language Delay and Late Talkers Versus Language Disorder 544
Evaluation 545
Differential Diagnosis 547
Challenging Behavior and Comorbidities 547
Management 548
Language Interventions: Principles, Approaches, and Modalities 548
SUMMARY 550
Common Aspects of Managing Intellectual Disability and Language Disorders 550
Future Directions 550
REFERENCES 550
The Early Origins of Autism 555
Key points 555
INTRODUCTION 555
EPIDEMIOLOGY 556
Early Childhood Diagnosis 556
THE CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS 557
Diagnostic Criteria 557
Clinical Assessment 558
Differential Diagnosis 559
Intellectual disability 559
Specific language impairment 559
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder 559
Anxiety disorders 559
Disruptive behavior disorders 559
Standardized Measures of Symptom Burden 560
Quantitative approaches to the measurement of autistic traits 560
CAUSATION AND AN IMPENDING REVOLUTION IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER DIAGNOSIS 562
EARLY MANIFESTATIONS AND COURSE 563
Social Communication Deficits 563
Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behaviors 564
Presentation of Regression 564
INTERVENTION PLANNING 565
SUMMARY 565
REFERENCES 566
Feeding Disorders 571
Key points 571
INTRODUCTION 571
INTERDISCIPLINARY CARE 573
REVIEW OF AVAILABLE TREATMENTS 574
Behavioral Feeding 574
Sensory-Based and Oral-Motor Treatments 575
Nutritional Manipulation 575
Pharmacologic Management 577
Prevention 577
SUMMARY 579
Implications 579
Future Research 580
REFERENCES 580
Sleep Disorders 587
Key points 587
INTRODUCTION 587
SLEEP IN THE PRESCHOOL YEARS 587
NORMAL SLEEP IN THE PRESCHOOL YEARS 588
SLEEP DISORDERS 589
SLEEP ISSUES IN CHILDREN WITH PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSES 592
HEALTH DISPARITIES 593
SUMMARY/DISCUSSION 593
REFERENCES 593
Setting the Stage for Collaboration and Future Directions A5
Partnerships with Primary Care for the Treatment of Preschoolers 597
Key points 597
BACKGROUND 597
INCREASING ACCESS TO EARLY CHILDHOOD MENTAL HEALTH CARE 599
TELEPSYCHIATRY AND CHILDREN 599
OVERVIEW: THE MICHIGAN CHILD COLLABORATIVE CARE PROGRAM 599
POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS 601
Telepsychiatry Preschool Assessment 601
RESULTS: DATA FROM THE MICHIGAN CHILD COLLABORATIVE CARE PROGRAM 602
Primary Care Providers 602
Patient Referrals: All Ages 603
Patient Referrals: Preschool Children 603
Pharmacotherapy in Preschoolers 604
Referrals to Behavioral Health Consultant for Preschoolers 605
Telepsychiatry Summary (Ages 0–5 Years) 606
SUMMARY 606
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 607
REFERENCES 607
The Future of Preschool Prevention, Assessment, and Intervention 611
Key points 611
INTRODUCTION 611
Early Childhood Brain Development: from Infinity to Beyond 612
Family-Based Health Promotion 612
Wellness Prescriptions 613
UNDERSTANDING THE DEVELOPING BRAIN 613
NUTRITION 614
Parental Influences 614
Nutrition, Mental Health, and Specific Interventions 614
Wellness Prescription 615
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 615
Correlates of Physical Activity in Children 615
Physical Activity Effects on Psychopathologic Conditions 615
Factors Affecting Physical Activity in Children 615
Wellness Prescription 616
MINDFULNESS 616
Mindfulness in Schools 616
Effects in Clinical Populations 616
Mindfulness in the Family 617
Wellness Prescription 617
MUSIC 617
Wellness Prescription 618
PARENT TRAINING 618
Parenting Choices (Sleep, Screen Time, and Reading) 618
Wellness Prescription 619
SUMMARY 619
REFERENCES 620
Index 625