BOOK
Maternal Child Nursing Care - E-Book
Shannon E. Perry | Marilyn J. Hockenberry | Deitra Leonard Lowdermilk | David Wilson | Kathryn Rhodes Alden | Mary Catherine Cashion
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Get the accurate, practical information you need to succeed in the classroom, the clinical setting, and on the NCLEX-RN® examination. Written by the foremost experts in maternity and pediatric nursing, the user-friendly Maternal Child Nursing Care, 6th Edition provides both instructors and students with just the right amount of maternity and pediatric content. This new edition includes updated case studies within Nursing Care Plans, as well as a new chapter on pediatric cancer. Focus on the family throughout emphasizes the influence of the entire family in health and illness.
- Focus on the family throughout emphasizes the influence of the entire family in health and illness.
- Expert authors of the market-leading maternity and pediatric nursing textbooks combine to ensure delivery of the most accurate, up-to-date content.
- Critical thinking case studies offer you opportunities to test and develop your analytical skills and apply knowledge in various settings.
- Nursing Care Plans include rationales for interventions and provide you with an overview and specific guidelines for delivering effective nursing care.
- Nursing Alerts highlight critical information that you need to know when treating patients.
- Guidelines boxes outline nursing procedures in an easy-to-follow format.
- Emergency boxes in the maternity unit guide you through step-by-step emergency procedures.
- Home Care boxes detail important information that you need to deliver care to patients and families in the home setting.
- Atraumatic Care boxes in the pediatric unit teach you how to provide competent and effective care to pediatric patients with the least amount of physical or psychological stress.
- Community Focus boxes emphasize community issues, provide resources and guidance, and illustrate nursing care in a variety of settings.
- Patient Teaching boxes in the maternity unit highlight important information nurses need to communicate to patients and families.
- Cultural Competence boxes equip you with the knowledge you need to deliver culturally competent care.
- Family-Centered Care boxes draw attention to the needs or concerns of families that you should consider to provide family-centered care.
- Medication Guides serve as an important reference of drugs and their interactions.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| IFC_Contents in brief | IFC-1 | ||
| Evolve page | i | ||
| Maternal Child Nursing Care | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Reviewers | vii | ||
| About the Authors | viii | ||
| MATERNITY | viii | ||
| PEDIATRIC | ix | ||
| Preface | x | ||
| Approach | x | ||
| Special Features | x | ||
| Teaching And Learning Package | xi | ||
| For Students | xi | ||
| For Instructors | xi | ||
| Acknowledgments | xii | ||
| Table Of Contents | xiii | ||
| 1 Maternity Nursing | 1 | ||
| Unit 1 Introduction to Maternity Nursing | 1 | ||
| 1 21st Century Maternity Nursing | 1 | ||
| Advances in the Care of Mothers and Infants | 1 | ||
| Efforts to Reduce Health Disparities | 1 | ||
| Contemporary Issues and Trends | 3 | ||
| Healthy People 2020 Goals | 3 | ||
| Millennium Development Goals | 3 | ||
| Integrative Health Care | 3 | ||
| Interprofessional Education | 4 | ||
| Problems With the US Health Care System | 4 | ||
| Structure of the Health Care Delivery System | 4 | ||
| Reducing Medical Errors | 4 | ||
| High Cost of Health Care | 5 | ||
| Limited Access to Care | 5 | ||
| Health Care Reform | 6 | ||
| Accountable Care Organizations | 6 | ||
| Health Literacy | 6 | ||
| Trends in Fertility and Birth Rate | 6 | ||
| Low–Birth Weight and Preterm Birth | 6 | ||
| International Infant Mortality Trends | 7 | ||
| Maternal Mortality | 7 | ||
| Maternal Morbidity | 7 | ||
| Obesity | 7 | ||
| Regionalization of Perinatal Health Care Services | 7 | ||
| Ambulatory Prenatal Care | 7 | ||
| High-Technology Care | 7 | ||
| Social Media | 8 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 8 | ||
| Childbirth Practices | 8 | ||
| Involving Consumers and Promoting Self-Management | 8 | ||
| International Concerns | 8 | ||
| The Future of Nursing | 9 | ||
| Trends in Nursing Practice | 9 | ||
| Nursing Interventions Classification | 9 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 9 | ||
| Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Database | 9 | ||
| Joanna Briggs Institute | 9 | ||
| Outcomes-Oriented Practice | 11 | ||
| A Global Perspective | 11 | ||
| Standards of Practice and Legal Issues in Delivery of Care | 11 | ||
| Prevention of Errors in Nursing Care | 11 | ||
| Sentinel Events | 11 | ||
| Failure to Rescue | 11 | ||
| Ethical Issues in Perinatal Nursing and Women’s Health Care | 12 | ||
| References | 13 | ||
| 2 The Family, Culture, Spirituality, and Home Care | 15 | ||
| The Family in Cultural and Spiritual Context | 15 | ||
| Defining Family | 15 | ||
| Family Organization and Structure | 15 | ||
| The Family in Society | 16 | ||
| Theoretic Approaches to Understanding Families | 16 | ||
| Family Nursing | 16 | ||
| Family Theories | 16 | ||
| Family Assessment | 18 | ||
| Graphic Representations of Families | 19 | ||
| The Family in a Cultural Context | 19 | ||
| Cultural Factors Related to Family Health | 19 | ||
| Implications for Nursing | 20 | ||
| Childbearing Beliefs and Practices | 21 | ||
| Personal Space | 21 | ||
| Time Orientation | 22 | ||
| Family Roles | 22 | ||
| Developing Cultural Competence | 25 | ||
| Spirituality and the Family | 25 | ||
| Spiritual Assessment | 26 | ||
| Home Care in the Community | 27 | ||
| Communication and Technology Applications | 27 | ||
| Guidelines for Nursing Practice | 28 | ||
| Perinatal Services | 28 | ||
| Patient Selection and Referral | 28 | ||
| Care Management | 29 | ||
| Preparing for the Home Visit | 29 | ||
| First Home Care Visit | 29 | ||
| Assessment and Nursing Diagnoses | 29 | ||
| Nursing Considerations | 29 | ||
| References | 31 | ||
| Unit 2 Reproductive Years | 32 | ||
| 3 Assessment and Health Promotion | 32 | ||
| Female Reproductive System | 32 | ||
| External Structures | 32 | ||
| Internal Structures | 33 | ||
| The Bony Pelvis | 34 | ||
| Breasts | 35 | ||
| Menstruation | 36 | ||
| Menarche and Puberty | 36 | ||
| Menstrual Cycle | 36 | ||
| Endometrial Cycle | 37 | ||
| Hypothalamic-Pituitary Cycle | 38 | ||
| Ovarian Cycle | 38 | ||
| Other Cyclic Changes | 38 | ||
| Prostaglandins | 38 | ||
| Climacteric and Menopause | 38 | ||
| Sexual Response | 38 | ||
| Barriers to Entering the Health Care System | 39 | ||
| Financial Issues | 39 | ||
| Cultural Issues | 39 | ||
| Gender Issues | 39 | ||
| Caring for the Well Woman Across the Life Span: The Need for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention | 40 | ||
| Adolescents | 40 | ||
| Teenage Pregnancy | 40 | ||
| Young and Middle Adulthood | 41 | ||
| Parenthood After 35 Years of Age | 41 | ||
| Late Reproductive Age | 41 | ||
| Approaches to Care at Specific Stages of a Woman’s Life | 41 | ||
| Preconception Counseling and Care | 41 | ||
| Pregnancy | 41 | ||
| Fertility Control and Infertility | 41 | ||
| Menstrual Problems | 42 | ||
| Perimenopause | 42 | ||
| Identification of Risk Factors to Women’s Health | 42 | ||
| Social, Cultural, and Genetic Factors | 43 | ||
| Substance Use and Abuse | 43 | ||
| Prescription Drug Use | 43 | ||
| Illicit Drug Use | 43 | ||
| Marijuana | 43 | ||
| Cocaine | 43 | ||
| Opiates | 43 | ||
| Methamphetamine | 43 | ||
| Phencyclidine | 43 | ||
| Other Illicit Drugs | 44 | ||
| Alcohol Consumption | 44 | ||
| Cigarette Smoking | 44 | ||
| Caffeine | 44 | ||
| Nutrition Problems and Eating Disorders | 44 | ||
| Nutritional Deficiencies | 45 | ||
| Obesity | 45 | ||
| Eating Disorders | 45 | ||
| Anorexia Nervosa | 45 | ||
| Bulimia Nervosa | 45 | ||
| Lack of Exercise | 46 | ||
| Stress | 46 | ||
| Depression, Anxiety, and Other Mental Health Conditions | 47 | ||
| Sleep Disorders | 47 | ||
| Environmental and Workplace Hazards | 47 | ||
| Risky Sexual Practices | 47 | ||
| Risk for Certain Medical Conditions | 48 | ||
| Risk for Certain Gynecologic Conditions | 48 | ||
| Female Genital Mutilation | 48 | ||
| Human Trafficking | 48 | ||
| Intimate Partner Violence | 49 | ||
| Battering During Pregnancy | 49 | ||
| Spiritual Approaches to Women’s Health Promotion | 50 | ||
| Assessment of the Woman: History and Physical Examination | 50 | ||
| History | 50 | ||
| Physical Examination | 52 | ||
| Cultural Considerations and Communication Variations in the History and Physical | 53 | ||
| History and Physical Examination in Women With Disabilities | 53 | ||
| History and Physical Examination in Adolescent Girls (13 to 19 Years of Age) | 54 | ||
| Pelvic Examination | 54 | ||
| External Inspection | 55 | ||
| External Palpation | 55 | ||
| Vulvar Self-Examination | 55 | ||
| Internal Examination | 56 | ||
| Collection of Specimens | 56 | ||
| Papanicolaou Test | 56 | ||
| Vaginal Wall Examination | 58 | ||
| Bimanual Palpation | 58 | ||
| Rectovaginal Palpation | 58 | ||
| Pelvic Examination During Pregnancy | 58 | ||
| Pelvic Examination After Hysterectomy | 58 | ||
| Laboratory and Diagnostic Procedures | 58 | ||
| Health Screening for Women Across the Life Span | 59 | ||
| References | 60 | ||
| 4 Reproductive System Concerns | 62 | ||
| Menstrual Disorders | 62 | ||
| Amenorrhea | 62 | ||
| Hypogonadotropic Amenorrhea | 62 | ||
| Management | 63 | ||
| Cyclic Perimenstrual Pain and Discomfort | 63 | ||
| Dysmenorrhea | 63 | ||
| Primary Dysmenorrhea | 63 | ||
| Management. | 63 | ||
| Secondary Dysmenorrhea | 64 | ||
| Premenstrual Syndrome | 65 | ||
| Management | 66 | ||
| Endometriosis | 67 | ||
| Management | 67 | ||
| Alterations in Cyclic Bleeding | 68 | ||
| Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding | 70 | ||
| Management | 70 | ||
| Infections | 71 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Infections | 71 | ||
| Prevention | 71 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Infections/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention Strategies | 72 | ||
| Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections | 73 | ||
| Chlamydia | 73 | ||
| 2 Pediatric Nursing | 689 | ||
| Unit 7 Children, Their Families, and the Nurse | 689 | ||
| 26 21st Century Pediatric Nursing | 689 | ||
| Health Care for Children | 689 | ||
| Health Promotion | 689 | ||
| Development | 689 | ||
| Nutrition | 690 | ||
| Oral Health | 690 | ||
| Childhood Health Problems | 690 | ||
| Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes | 690 | ||
| Childhood Injuries | 691 | ||
| Violence | 692 | ||
| Bullying | 693 | ||
| Mental Health Problems | 694 | ||
| Infant Mortality | 694 | ||
| Childhood Mortality | 694 | ||
| Childhood Morbidity | 694 | ||
| The Art of Pediatric Nursing | 695 | ||
| Philosophy of Care | 695 | ||
| Family-Centered Care | 695 | ||
| Atraumatic Care | 695 | ||
| Role of the Pediatric Nurse | 696 | ||
| Therapeutic Relationship | 696 | ||
| Family Advocacy and Caring | 696 | ||
| Disease Prevention and Health Promotion | 696 | ||
| Health Teaching | 696 | ||
| Injury Prevention | 696 | ||
| Support and Counseling | 696 | ||
| Coordination and Collaboration | 697 | ||
| Ethical Decision Making | 697 | ||
| Research and Evidence-Based Practice | 698 | ||
| The Process of Providing Nursing Care to Children and Families | 698 | ||
| Nursing Process | 698 | ||
| Assessment | 699 | ||
| Diagnosis | 699 | ||
| Outcomes/Planning | 699 | ||
| Implementation | 699 | ||
| Evaluation | 700 | ||
| Documentation | 700 | ||
| Quality Outcome Measures | 700 | ||
| References | 700 | ||
| 27 Family, Social, Cultural, and Religious Influences on Child Health Promotion | 702 | ||
| General Concepts | 702 | ||
| Definition of Family | 702 | ||
| Family Theories | 702 | ||
| Family Systems Theory | 702 | ||
| Family Stress Theory | 703 | ||
| Developmental Theory | 703 | ||
| Family Nursing Interventions | 704 | ||
| Family Structure and Function | 704 | ||
| Family Structure | 704 | ||
| Traditional Nuclear Family | 705 | ||
| Nuclear Family | 705 | ||
| Blended Family | 705 | ||
| Extended Family | 705 | ||
| Single-Parent Family | 705 | ||
| Binuclear Family | 705 | ||
| Polygamous Family | 705 | ||
| Communal Family | 705 | ||
| Lesbian, Gay, Transgender, Queer, Questioning, and Intersex (LGBTQI) Families | 705 | ||
| Family Strengths and Functioning Style | 706 | ||
| Family Roles and Relationships | 706 | ||
| Parental Roles | 706 | ||
| Role Learning | 706 | ||
| Parenting | 707 | ||
| Parenting Styles | 707 | ||
| Limit Setting and Discipline | 707 | ||
| Minimizing Misbehavior | 707 | ||
| General Guidelines for Implementing Discipline | 707 | ||
| Types of Discipline | 707 | ||
| Special Parenting Situations | 709 | ||
| Parenting the Adopted Child | 709 | ||
| Issues of Origin | 709 | ||
| Adolescence | 710 | ||
| Cross-Racial and International Adoption | 710 | ||
| Parenting and Divorce | 710 | ||
| Impact of Divorce on Children | 711 | ||
| Telling the Children | 711 | ||
| Custody and Parenting Partnerships | 712 | ||
| Single Parenting | 713 | ||
| Single Fathers | 713 | ||
| Parenting in Reconstituted Families | 713 | ||
| Parenting in Dual-Earner Families | 713 | ||
| Working Mothers | 714 | ||
| Kinship Care | 714 | ||
| Foster Parenting | 714 | ||
| Sociocultural Influences Upon the Child and Family | 714 | ||
| Influences in the Surrounding Environment | 715 | ||
| Schools | 715 | ||
| Peer Cultures | 715 | ||
| Social Roles | 715 | ||
| Co-Cultural or Subcultural Influences | 715 | ||
| Communities | 715 | ||
| Broader Sociocultural Influences Upon the Child and Family | 716 | ||
| Race and Ethnicity | 716 | ||
| Social Class | 716 | ||
| Poverty | 716 | ||
| Evolving Demographics in the United States | 717 | ||
| Religious Influences | 717 | ||
| Religious Beliefs | 717 | ||
| Mass Media | 717 | ||
| Understanding Cultures in the Health Care Encounter | 718 | ||
| Bridging the Gap | 718 | ||
| Cultural Definitions | 719 | ||
| Components of Cultural Humility | 719 | ||
| Health Beliefs and Practices | 720 | ||
| Health Beliefs | 720 | ||
| Natural and Supernatural Forces | 720 | ||
| Imbalance of Forces | 720 | ||
| Health Practices | 720 | ||
| References | 721 | ||
| 28 Developmental and Genetic Influences on Child Health Promotion | 723 | ||
| Growth and Development | 723 | ||
| Foundations of Growth and Development | 723 | ||
| Stages of Development | 723 | ||
| Patterns of Growth and Development | 723 | ||
| Directional Trends | 723 | ||
| Sequential Trends | 724 | ||
| Developmental Pace | 724 | ||
| Sensitive Periods | 724 | ||
| Individual Differences | 725 | ||
| Biologic Growth and Physical Development | 725 | ||
| External Proportions | 725 | ||
| Biologic Determinants of Growth and Development | 725 | ||
| Skeletal Growth and Maturation | 726 | ||
| Neurologic Maturation | 726 | ||
| Lymphoid Tissues | 727 | ||
| Development of Organ Systems | 727 | ||
| Physiologic Changes | 727 | ||
| Metabolism | 727 | ||
| Temperature | 727 | ||
| Sleep and Rest | 727 | ||
| Nutrition | 727 | ||
| Temperament | 728 | ||
| Significance of Temperament | 728 | ||
| Development of Personality and Cognitive Function | 728 | ||
| Theoretical Foundations of Personality Development | 728 | ||
| Psychosexual Development (Freud) | 728 | ||
| Psychosocial Development (Erikson) | 729 | ||
| Theoretical Foundations of Cognitive Development | 730 | ||
| Cognitive Development (Piaget) | 730 | ||
| Language Development | 731 | ||
| Moral Development (Kohlberg) | 731 | ||
| Development of Self-Concept | 731 | ||
| Body Image | 731 | ||
| Self-Esteem | 732 | ||
| Role of Play in Development | 732 | ||
| Classification of Play | 732 | ||
| Content of Play | 732 | ||
| Social Character of Play | 733 | ||
| Functions of Play | 734 | ||
| Sensorimotor Development | 734 | ||
| Intellectual Development | 734 | ||
| Socialization | 734 | ||
| Creativity | 734 | ||
| Self-Awareness | 734 | ||
| Therapeutic Value | 734 | ||
| Morality | 734 | ||
| Toys | 735 | ||
| Developmental Assessment | 735 | ||
| Ages and Stages | 735 | ||
| Genetic Factors That Influence Development | 736 | ||
| Overview of Genetics and Genomics | 736 | ||
| Genes, Genetics, and Genomics | 736 | ||
| Congenital Anomalies | 736 | ||
| Disorders of the Intrauterine Environment | 737 | ||
| Genetic Disorders | 737 | ||
| Role of Nurses in Genetics | 737 | ||
| Nursing Assessment: Applying and Integrating Genetic and Genomic Knowledge | 737 | ||
| Identification and Referral | 738 | ||
| Providing Education, Care, and Support | 738 | ||
| References | 739 | ||
| Unit 8 Assessment of the Child and Family | 741 | ||
| 29 Communication and Physical Assessment of the Child and Family | 741 | ||
| Guidelines for Communication and Interviewing | 741 | ||
| Establishing a Setting for Communication | 741 | ||
| Appropriate Introduction | 741 | ||
| Assurance of Privacy and Confidentiality | 741 | ||
| Computer Privacy and Applications in Nursing | 741 | ||
| Telephone Triage and Counseling | 741 | ||
| Communicating With Families | 742 | ||
| Communicating With Parents | 742 | ||
| Encouraging the Parents to Talk | 742 | ||
| Directing the Focus | 742 | ||
| Listening and Cultural Awareness | 742 | ||
| Using Silence | 743 | ||
| Being Empathic | 743 | ||
| Providing Anticipatory Guidance | 743 | ||
| Avoiding Blocks to Communication | 743 | ||
| Communicating With Families Through an Interpreter | 744 | ||
| Communicating With Children | 744 | ||
| Communication Related to Development of Thought Processes | 745 | ||
| Infancy | 745 | ||
| Early Childhood | 745 | ||
| School-Age Years | 745 | ||
| Adolescence | 746 | ||
| History Taking | 746 | ||
| Performing a Health History | 746 | ||
| Identifying Information | 746 | ||
| Informant | 746 | ||
| Chief Complaint | 746 | ||
| Present Illness | 746 | ||
| Analyzing a Symptom | 746 | ||
| History | 747 | ||
| Birth History | 747 | ||
| Dietary History | 747 | ||
| Previous Illnesses, Injuries, and Surgeries | 747 | ||
| Allergies | 748 | ||
| Current Medications | 748 | ||
| Immunizations | 748 | ||
| Growth and Development | 748 | ||
| Habits | 749 | ||
| Reproductive Health History | 749 | ||
| Family Health History | 749 | ||
| Geographic Location | 750 | ||
| Family Structure | 750 | ||
| Psychosocial History | 750 | ||
| Review of Systems | 750 | ||
| Nutritional Assessment | 750 | ||
| Dietary Intake | 750 | ||
| Clinical Examination of Nutrition | 751 | ||
| Evaluation of Nutritional Assessment | 752 | ||
| General Approaches Toward Examining the Child | 752 | ||
| Sequence of the Examination | 752 | ||
| Preparation of the Child | 752 | ||
| Physical Examination | 753 | ||
| Growth Measurements | 756 | ||
| Growth Charts | 756 | ||
| Length | 758 | ||
| Height | 758 | ||
| Weight | 759 | ||
| Skinfold Thickness and Arm Circumference | 762 | ||
| Head Circumference | 762 | ||
| Physiologic Measurements | 762 | ||
| Temperature | 762 | ||
| Pulse | 763 | ||
| Respiration | 763 | ||
| Blood Pressure | 763 | ||
| Selection of Cuff | 763 | ||
| Measurement and Interpretation | 767 | ||
| Orthostatic Hypotension | 767 | ||
| General Appearance | 768 | ||
| Skin | 768 | ||
| Accessory Structures | 769 | ||
| Lymph Nodes | 769 | ||
| Head and Neck | 770 | ||
| Eyes | 770 | ||
| Inspection of External Structures | 770 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 771 | ||
| Preparing the Child | 771 | ||
| Funduscopic Examination | 771 | ||
| Vision Testing | 771 | ||
| Ocular Alignment | 772 | ||
| Visual Acuity Testing in Children | 773 | ||
| Visual Acuity Testing in Infants and Difficult-to-Test Children | 774 | ||
| Peripheral Vision | 774 | ||
| Color Vision | 774 | ||
| Ears | 774 | ||
| Inspection of External Structures | 774 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 774 | ||
| Positioning the Child | 775 | ||
| Otoscopic Examination | 776 | ||
| Auditory Testing | 777 | ||
| Nose | 777 | ||
| Inspection of External Structures | 777 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 777 | ||
| Mouth and Throat | 777 | ||
| Inspection of Internal Structures | 778 | ||
| Chest | 779 | ||
| Lungs | 780 | ||
| Auscultation | 780 | ||
| Heart | 781 | ||
| Auscultation | 783 | ||
| Origin of Heart Sounds | 783 | ||
| Differentiating Normal Heart Sounds | 783 | ||
| Heart Murmurs | 783 | ||
| Abdomen | 784 | ||
| Inspection | 784 | ||
| Auscultation | 785 | ||
| Palpation | 785 | ||
| Genitalia | 786 | ||
| Male Genitalia | 786 | ||
| Female Genitalia | 786 | ||
| Anus | 787 | ||
| Back and Extremities | 787 | ||
| Spine | 787 | ||
| Extremities | 788 | ||
| Joints | 788 | ||
| Muscles | 788 | ||
| Neurologic Assessment | 789 | ||
| Cerebellar Function | 789 | ||
| Reflexes | 789 | ||
| Cranial Nerves | 789 | ||
| References | 792 | ||
| 30 Pain Assessment and Management in Children | 793 | ||
| Pain Assessment | 793 | ||
| Behavioral Pain Measures | 793 | ||
| Self-Report Pain Rating Scales | 793 | ||
| Multidimensional Measures | 795 | ||
| Chronic and Recurrent Pain Assessment | 798 | ||
| Assessment of Pain in Specific Populations | 798 | ||
| Pain in Neonates | 798 | ||
| Children With Communication and Cognitive Impairment | 800 | ||
| Cultural Differences | 800 | ||
| Children With Chronic Illness and Complex Pain | 800 | ||
| Pain Management | 800 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Management | 803 | ||
| Complementary Pain Medicine | 803 | ||
| Classification of Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 803 | ||
| Pharmacologic Management | 805 | ||
| Nonopioids | 805 | ||
| Opioids | 805 | ||
| Coanalgesic Drugs | 805 | ||
| Choosing the Pain Medication Dose | 808 | ||
| Choosing the Timing of Analgesia | 809 | ||
| Choosing the Method of Administration | 809 | ||
| Patient-Controlled Analgesia | 811 | ||
| Epidural Analgesia | 812 | ||
| Transmucosal and Transdermal Analgesia | 812 | ||
| Monitoring Side Effects | 812 | ||
| Consequences of Untreated Pain in Infants | 814 | ||
| Common Pain States in Children | 815 | ||
| Painful and Invasive Procedures | 815 | ||
| Procedural Sedation and Analgesia | 815 | ||
| Postoperative Pain | 815 | ||
| Burn Pain | 816 | ||
| Recurrent Headaches in Children | 816 | ||
| Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Children | 817 | ||
| Pain in Children With Sickle Cell Disease | 817 | ||
| Cancer Pain in Children | 818 | ||
| Pain and Sedation in End-of-Life Care | 819 | ||
| References | 819 | ||
| Unit 9 Health Promotion and Special Health Problems | 822 | ||
| 31 The Infant and Family | 822 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Growth and Development | 822 | ||
| Biologic Development | 822 | ||
| Proportional Changes | 822 | ||
| Maturation of Systems | 822 | ||
| Fine Motor Development | 828 | ||
| Gross Motor Development | 828 | ||
| Head Control | 828 | ||
| Rolling Over | 829 | ||
| Sitting | 830 | ||
| Locomotion | 830 | ||
| Psychosocial Development: Developing a Sense of Trust (Erikson) | 830 | ||
| Cognitive Development: Sensorimotor Phase (Piaget) | 830 | ||
| Development of Body Image | 833 | ||
| Social Development | 833 | ||
| Attachment | 834 | ||
| Separation Anxiety | 834 | ||
| Stranger Fear | 834 | ||
| Language Development | 834 | ||
| Play | 835 | ||
| Temperament | 835 | ||
| Coping With Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development | 836 | ||
| Separation and Stranger Fear | 836 | ||
| Alternative Child Care Arrangements | 836 | ||
| Limit Setting and Discipline | 837 | ||
| Thumb-Sucking and Use of a Pacifier | 837 | ||
| Teething | 837 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Health During Infancy | 838 | ||
| Nutrition | 838 | ||
| The First 6 Months | 838 | ||
| The Second 6 Months | 839 | ||
| Selection and Preparation of Solid Foods | 840 | ||
| Introduction of Solid Foods | 840 | ||
| Weaning | 840 | ||
| Sleep and Activity | 840 | ||
| Dental Health | 841 | ||
| Immunizations | 841 | ||
| Schedule for Immunizations | 841 | ||
| Recommendations for Routine Immunizations* | 841 | ||
| Hepatitis a Virus | 841 | ||
| Hepatitis B Virus | 842 | ||
| Diphtheria | 842 | ||
| Tetanus | 842 | ||
| Pertussis | 842 | ||
| Polio | 843 | ||
| Measles | 843 | ||
| Mumps | 843 | ||
| Rubella | 843 | ||
| Pneumococcal Infections | 843 | ||
| Haemophilus influenzae Type B | 844 | ||
| Varicella | 844 | ||
| Influenza | 844 | ||
| Meningococcal Infections | 845 | ||
| Recommendations for Selected Immunizations | 845 | ||
| Reactions | 845 | ||
| Contraindications and Precautions | 846 | ||
| Administration | 847 | ||
| Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention | 849 | ||
| Motor Vehicle Safety | 852 | ||
| Nurse’s Role in Injury Prevention | 853 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families | 855 | ||
| Special Health Problems | 855 | ||
| Colic (Paroxysmal Abdominal Pain) | 855 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 855 | ||
| Care Management | 856 | ||
| Failure to Thrive (Growth Failure) | 856 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 857 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 857 | ||
| Prognosis | 857 | ||
| Interprofessional Care of Failure to Thrive | 857 | ||
| Care Management | 857 | ||
| Positional Plagiocephaly | 858 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 859 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 859 | ||
| Care Management | 859 | ||
| Sudden Infant Death Syndrome | 859 | ||
| Etiology | 860 | ||
| Risk Factors for SIDS | 860 | ||
| Infant Risk Factors | 861 | ||
| Protective Factors for SIDS | 861 | ||
| Care Management | 861 | ||
| Interprofessional Care of the Family of a SIDS Infant | 861 | ||
| Apparent Life-Threatening Event | 862 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 862 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 862 | ||
| Care Management | 862 | ||
| Diaper Dermatitis | 863 | ||
| Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations | 863 | ||
| Care Management | 863 | ||
| Seborrheic Dermatitis | 864 | ||
| Care Management | 864 | ||
| References | 864 | ||
| 32 The Toddler and Family | 867 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Growth and Development | 867 | ||
| Biologic Development | 867 | ||
| Proportional Changes | 867 | ||
| Sensory Changes | 867 | ||
| Maturation of Systems | 867 | ||
| Gross and Fine Motor Development | 868 | ||
| Psychosocial Development | 868 | ||
| Developing a Sense of Autonomy (Erikson) | 868 | ||
| Cognitive Development | 869 | ||
| Sensorimotor and Preoperational Phase (Piaget) | 869 | ||
| Preoperational Phase (Piaget) | 870 | ||
| Spiritual Development | 870 | ||
| Development of Body Image | 871 | ||
| Development of Gender Identity | 871 | ||
| Social Development | 871 | ||
| Language | 872 | ||
| Personal-Social Behavior | 872 | ||
| Play | 872 | ||
| Coping With Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development | 873 | ||
| Toilet Training | 873 | ||
| Sibling Rivalry | 876 | ||
| Temper Tantrums | 877 | ||
| Negativism | 877 | ||
| Regression | 877 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Health During Toddlerhood | 878 | ||
| Nutrition | 878 | ||
| Nutritional Counseling | 878 | ||
| Dietary Guidelines | 879 | ||
| Vegetarian Diets | 879 | ||
| Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 880 | ||
| Sleep and Activity | 881 | ||
| Sleep Problems | 881 | ||
| Dental Health | 882 | ||
| Regular Dental Examinations | 882 | ||
| Plaque Removal | 883 | ||
| Fluoride | 884 | ||
| Dietary Factors | 884 | ||
| Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) | 885 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 885 | ||
| Interprofessional Care of AD | 886 | ||
| Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention | 886 | ||
| Motor Vehicle Safety | 886 | ||
| Car Restraints | 886 | ||
| Motor Vehicle–Related Injuries | 890 | ||
| Drowning | 890 | ||
| Burns | 891 | ||
| Skin Disorders Related to Animal Contacts | 891 | ||
| Arthropod Bites and Stings | 891 | ||
| Animal Bites | 891 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 892 | ||
| Care Management | 892 | ||
| Human Bites | 892 | ||
| Ingestion of Injurious Agents | 892 | ||
| Principles of Emergency Treatment | 892 | ||
| Assessment | 894 | ||
| Gastric Decontamination | 895 | ||
| Prevention of Recurrence | 895 | ||
| Heavy Metal Poisoning | 896 | ||
| Lead Poisoning | 896 | ||
| Causes of Lead Poisoning | 896 | ||
| Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations | 897 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 898 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance | 898 | ||
| Screening for Lead Poisoning | 898 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 899 | ||
| Chelation Therapy | 899 | ||
| Prognosis | 899 | ||
| Care Management | 899 | ||
| Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention | 900 | ||
| Aspiration and Suffocation | 900 | ||
| Falls | 900 | ||
| Bodily Injury | 901 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families | 901 | ||
| References | 902 | ||
| 33 The Preschooler and Family | 904 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Growth and Development | 904 | ||
| Biologic Development | 904 | ||
| Gross and Fine Motor Skills | 904 | ||
| Psychosocial Development | 904 | ||
| Developing a Sense of Initiative (Erikson) | 904 | ||
| Cognitive Development | 904 | ||
| Preoperational Phase (Piaget) | 904 | ||
| Moral Development | 905 | ||
| Preconventional or Premoral Level (Kohlberg) | 905 | ||
| Spiritual Development | 905 | ||
| Development of Body Image | 905 | ||
| Development of Sexuality | 906 | ||
| Social Development | 906 | ||
| Language | 906 | ||
| Personal-Social Behavior | 907 | ||
| Play | 907 | ||
| Coping With Concerns Related to Normal Growth and Development | 908 | ||
| Preschool and Kindergarten Experience | 908 | ||
| Sex Education | 911 | ||
| Fears | 912 | ||
| Stress | 912 | ||
| Aggression | 912 | ||
| Speech Problems | 913 | ||
| Promoting Optimal Health During the Preschool Years | 913 | ||
| Nutrition | 913 | ||
| Sleep and Activity | 914 | ||
| Sleep Problems | 914 | ||
| Dental Health | 915 | ||
| Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention | 915 | ||
| Anticipatory Guidance—Care of Families | 915 | ||
| Infectious Conditions: Communicable Diseases | 915 | ||
| Care Management | 916 | ||
| Prevent Spread | 916 | ||
| Prevent Complications | 916 | ||
| Provide Comfort | 917 | ||
| Support Child and Family | 917 | ||
| Intestinal Parasitic Diseases | 917 | ||
| Giardiasis | 917 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 918 | ||
| Care Management | 918 | ||
| Enterobiasis (Pinworms) | 918 | ||
| Diagnostic Evaluation | 926 | ||
| Therapeutic Management | 926 | ||
| Care Management | 926 | ||
| Child Maltreatment | 926 | ||
| Child Neglect | 926 | ||
| Types of Neglect | 926 | ||
| Physical Abuse | 926 | ||
| Abusive Head Trauma | 926 | ||
| Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy | 927 | ||
| Factors Predisposing to Abuse | 927 | ||
| Parental Characteristics | 927 | ||
| Characteristics of the Child | 927 | ||
| Environmental Characteristics | 927 | ||
| Sexual Abuse | 928 | ||
| Characteristics of Abusers and Victims | 928 | ||
| Initiation and Perpetuation of Sexual Abuse | 928 | ||
| Interprofessional Care of the Maltreated Child | 929 | ||
| Caregiver-Child Interaction | 929 | ||
| History and Interview | 929 | ||
| Child Physical Abuse | 929 | ||
| Index | 1483 | ||
| A | 1483 | ||
| B | 1485 | ||
| C | 1488 | ||
| D | 1494 | ||
| E | 1496 | ||
| F | 1498 | ||
| G | 1501 | ||
| H | 1502 | ||
| I | 1506 | ||
| J | 1509 | ||
| K | 1509 | ||
| L | 1509 | ||
| M | 1511 | ||
| N | 1514 | ||
| O | 1516 | ||
| P | 1517 | ||
| Q | 1525 | ||
| R | 1525 | ||
| S | 1527 | ||
| T | 1531 | ||
| U | 1533 | ||
| V | 1534 | ||
| W | 1535 | ||
| X | 1535 | ||
| Y | 1535 | ||
| Z | 1535 | ||
| Special Features | 1541 | ||
| Atraumatic Care | 1541 | ||
| Clinical Reasoning Case Study | 1541 | ||
| Community Focus | 1541 | ||
| Cultural Considerations | 1541 | ||
| Emergency Treatment | 1541 | ||
| Evidence-Based Practice | 1541 | ||
| Family-Centered Care | 1542 | ||
| Guidelines | 1542 | ||
| Medication Guide | 1542 | ||
| IBC_special features list | IBC-1 |