BOOK
Challenging Neuropathic Pain Syndromes
Mitchell Freedman | Jeff Gehret | George Young | Leonard Kamen
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Get a quick, expert overview of the many key facets of neuropathic pain syndromes with this concise, practical resource by Drs. Mitchell Freedman, Jeff Gehret, George Young, and Leonard Kamen. This easy-to-read reference presents a summary of today’s best evaluation methods and evidence-based treatment options for complex regional pain syndrome as well as other challenging syndromes.
- Covers key topics such as:
- Evidence Based Approach to Many Uncommon and Difficult Neuropathic Pain Syndromes
- Review of Pathophysiology of Pain
- Approach to Chronic Pain Syndromes
- Work Up and Treatments for Complex Regional Pain Syndromes
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Challenging Neuropathic Pain Syndromes | i | ||
| Challenging Neuropathic PainSyndromes: Evaluation and Evidence-Based Treatment | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| Contents | xi | ||
| 1 - Pathophysiology of Pain | 1 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| NOCICEPTION VERSUS PAIN | 1 | ||
| PERIPHERAL MECHANISMS | 2 | ||
| SPINAL MECHANISMS: THE DORSAL HORN | 2 | ||
| ASCENDING PAIN TRANSMISSION: SPINAL PATHWAYS AND SUPRASPINAL MECHANISMS | 3 | ||
| DESCENDING MODULATION: SPINAL PATHWAYS AND SUPRASPINAL PERIAQUEDUCTAL GRAY | 4 | ||
| SUMMARY | 4 | ||
| REFERENCES | 4 | ||
| 2 - Central Sensitization, Central Sensitization Syndromes, and Chronic Neuropathic Pain | 7 | ||
| BACKGROUND AND DEMOGRAPHICS OF CHRONIC PAIN AND CENTRAL SENSITIZATION | 7 | ||
| What Is Central Sensitization? | 7 | ||
| Why Is Central Sensitization an Important Topic to Pain Clinicians? | 9 | ||
| Pain Syndromes Associated With Central Sensitization | 9 | ||
| PERIPHERAL TO CENTRAL SENSITIZATION | 9 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations of Central Sensitization | 10 | ||
| ANATOMY OF CENTRAL SENSITIZATION IN THE BRAIN: THE PAIN NEUROMATRIX | 10 | ||
| Neuroendocrine Immune System Function in Central Sensitization Syndromes | 11 | ||
| Opioids and Glial Activity | 11 | ||
| Biopsychosocial Aspects of Central Sensitization Syndromes | 12 | ||
| CENTRAL SENSITIZATION SYNDROMES | 13 | ||
| The Central Sensitivity Inventory: Assessment Tool | 13 | ||
| PHARMACEUTICAL MANAGEMENT OF CENTRAL SENSITIZATION PAIN | 14 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Management of CSS | 17 | ||
| Therapeutic Exercise for Central Sensitization | 17 | ||
| SUMMARY | 18 | ||
| REFERENCES | 19 | ||
| 3 - A Physiatric Approach to the Treatment of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome | 21 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 21 | ||
| INTERDISCIPLINARY TREATMENT | 21 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC TREATMENT | 22 | ||
| Mirror Visual Feedback and Graded Motor Imagery | 23 | ||
| Desensitization | 25 | ||
| Edema Control | 25 | ||
| Mobilization and Strengthening | 26 | ||
| PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT | 27 | ||
| ALTERNATIVE TREATMENTS | 28 | ||
| Acupuncture | 28 | ||
| Qigong | 28 | ||
| Hyperbaric Oxygen | 28 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 28 | ||
| REFERENCES | 28 | ||
| 4 - Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Introduction, History, and Physical Examination | 31 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 31 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DEMOGRAPHICS | 31 | ||
| COURSE/PROGNOSIS | 32 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 32 | ||
| HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION FINDINGS | 33 | ||
| REFERENCES | 34 | ||
| 5 - Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria | 37 | ||
| REFERENCES | 39 | ||
| 6 - Diagnostic Testing in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome | 41 | ||
| THREE-PHASE BONE SCAN | 41 | ||
| SKIN TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT (THERMOMETRY AND THERMOGRAPHY) | 41 | ||
| IMAGING | 41 | ||
| SYMPATHETIC NERVE BLOCK | 41 | ||
| ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC TESTING | 42 | ||
| SWEAT TESTING | 42 | ||
| REFERENCES | 42 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 42 | ||
| 7 - A Physiotherapeutic, Biopsychosocial Approach to the Management of Patients With Peripheral Neuropathic Pain and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome | 43 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE NEUROPATHIC PAIN | 43 | ||
| EARLY MANAGEMENT OF CRPS-LIKE SYMPTOMS | 44 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF PERSISTENT NEUROPATHIC PAIN | 44 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF CRPS | 45 | ||
| DEVELOPMENT OF A TREATMENT PLAN | 45 | ||
| Question 1: How Dangerous Is This Pain? | 45 | ||
| Question 2: How Irritable Is the Condition? | 45 | ||
| Question 3: What Are the Triggers That Produce a Change in the Patient’s Status? | 46 | ||
| SELECTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS | 46 | ||
| INTERVENTION CATEGORIES | 47 | ||
| Patient Education and Promotion of Self-efficacy | 47 | ||
| Neuroplasticity-Based Interventions | 47 | ||
| Neural Mobilization | 48 | ||
| Bracing/Taping | 48 | ||
| Stress Management Programs | 49 | ||
| CONCLUSION—BUILDING RESILIENCY | 49 | ||
| REFERENCES | 49 | ||
| 8 - Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Pharmacotherapy | 53 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 53 | ||
| ANTIINFLAMMATORIES | 53 | ||
| ANTIEPILEPTICS | 54 | ||
| ANTIDEPRESSANTS (TABLE 8.3) | 56 | ||
| BISPHOSPHONATES | 56 | ||
| CALCITONIN | 57 | ||
| OPIOIDS | 57 | ||
| Reprinted with permission from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., (Copyright 2013). American Ps... | 58 | ||
| N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE ANTAGONISTS | 58 | ||
| CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS | 59 | ||
| Α-ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS | 59 | ||
| TOPICAL AGENTS | 59 | ||
| ANTI–TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR MEDICATIONS | 60 | ||
| CANNABINOIDS | 60 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 61 | ||
| REFERENCES | 61 | ||
| 9 - Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: Interventional Treatment | 65 | ||
| SYMPATHETIC NERVE BLOCKS | 65 | ||
| CHEMICAL AND SURGICAL SYMPATHECTOMY | 68 | ||
| INTRAVENOUS REGIONAL ANESTHESIA | 68 | ||
| INTRAVENOUS INFUSION | 69 | ||
| SPINAL CORD STIMULATION | 69 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 69 | ||
| Procedure Technique | 70 | ||
| Efficacy of SCS in CRPS | 71 | ||
| Optimizing Outcomes of SCS in CRPS | 71 | ||
| Cost-effectiveness of SCS in CRPS | 72 | ||
| Future Innovations in SCS | 72 | ||
| AMPUTATION | 72 | ||
| INTRATHECAL MEDICATION | 72 | ||
| REFERENCES | 73 | ||
| 10 - Diabetic Neuropathic Pain Syndromes | 77 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 77 | ||
| PRESENTATION | 77 | ||
| DEMOGRAPHICS | 77 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA | 77 | ||
| RISK FACTORS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 78 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 80 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TESTS | 80 | ||
| TREATMENT | 81 | ||
| Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine+Function | 81 | ||
| MEDICATION OPTIONS | 82 | ||
| Glycemic Control | 82 | ||
| Foot Care | 82 | ||
| Painful Diabetic Neuropathy Symptomatic Treatment | 82 | ||
| Anticonvulsants38,39 | 82 | ||
| Antidepressants38,39 | 83 | ||
| Opioids | 84 | ||
| Topical Agents | 84 | ||
| α-Lipoic Acid | 84 | ||
| Other Therapies | 84 | ||
| Prognosis for Pain and Function | 84 | ||
| REFERENCES | 85 | ||
| 11 - HIV-Related Pain Syndromes | 89 | ||
| PRESENTATION: HISTORICAL AND PHYSICAL FEATURES | 89 | ||
| DEMOGRAPHICS | 89 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA | 89 | ||
| Course | 89 | ||
| Diagnostic Testing | 89 | ||
| Treatment | 89 | ||
| Occupational therapy | 91 | ||
| Psychiatric/behavioral/hypnosis | 91 | ||
| Orthotics | 91 | ||
| Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation | 91 | ||
| Medication Options | 91 | ||
| Analgesics | 93 | ||
| Interventional Pain Management | 93 | ||
| Surgical Options | 93 | ||
| PROGNOSIS FOR PAIN AND FUNCTION | 93 | ||
| REFERENCES | 94 | ||
| 12 - Acute Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia | 97 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 97 | ||
| PRESENTATION: HISTORICAL AND PHYSICAL FEATURES | 97 | ||
| DEMOGRAPHICS | 97 | ||
| COURSE | 97 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 97 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TESTING | 98 | ||
| TREATMENT | 98 | ||
| Medication Options | 98 | ||
| Antiviral Therapy | 98 | ||
| Topical Treatments | 99 | ||
| Analgesics | 99 | ||
| REHABILITATION AND PHYSICAL MEDICINE OPTIONS | 99 | ||
| Alternative Treatments | 99 | ||
| Acupuncture | 100 | ||
| Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation | 100 | ||
| Procedural and Surgical Options | 100 | ||
| Epidural steroid injections | 101 | ||
| Botulinum toxin | 101 | ||
| PREVENTION OF HZ AND PHN | 101 | ||
| PROGNOSIS FOR PAIN AND FUNCTION | 101 | ||
| REFERENCES | 101 | ||
| 13 - Neuropathic Pain Syndromes in Neuroborreliosis | 105 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 105 | ||
| PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 105 | ||
| NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS OF LYME DISEASE | 105 | ||
| POST-LYME DISEASE SYNDROME | 106 | ||
| OVERVIEW OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY | 107 | ||
| TREATMENT OF POST-LYME SYNDROME | 107 | ||
| PAIN IN NEUROBORRELIOSIS | 107 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN | 107 | ||
| Tricyclic Antidepressants | 108 | ||
| Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors | 109 | ||
| The Calcium Channel α2-δ Ligands | 109 | ||
| Second-Line Agents: Opioid Analgesics and Tramadol | 109 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY FOR NEUROPATHIC PAIN | 110 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 110 | ||
| REFERENCES | 110 | ||
| 14 - Postmastectomy Pain Syndrome | 113 | ||
| PRESENTATION | 113 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 113 | ||
| PHYSICAL EXAMINATION | 113 | ||
| COURSE | 114 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 114 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TESTING | 114 | ||
| TREATMENT | 115 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 115 | ||
| REFERENCES | 115 | ||
| 15 - Amputation-Related Pain | 119 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 119 | ||
| Incidence | 119 | ||
| Etiology | 119 | ||
| RESIDUAL LIMB PAIN | 119 | ||
| Diagnosis | 121 | ||
| Individual Diagnoses and Treatments | 121 | ||
| Neuroma | 121 | ||
| CRPS | 121 | ||
| PHANTOM LIMB PAIN | 122 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 125 | ||
| REFERENCES | 125 | ||
| 16 - Postthoracotomy Pain Syndrome | 129 | ||
| PRESENTATION: HISTORICAL AND PHYSICAL FEATURES | 129 | ||
| DEMOGRAPHICS | 129 | ||
| INTRAOPERATIVE FACTORS: SURGICAL TECHNIQUE | 129 | ||
| INTRAOPERATIVE FACTORS: ANESTHETIC TECHNIQUE | 130 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA | 130 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 130 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC TESTING | 131 | ||
| REHABILITATION AND PHYSICAL MEDICINE OPTIONS AND DISCUSSION OF FUNCTION | 131 | ||
| MEDICATION OPTIONS | 131 | ||
| INTERVENTIONAL OPTIONS | 131 | ||
| SURGICAL OPTIONS | 132 | ||
| COURSE/PROGNOSIS | 132 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 132 | ||
| REFERENCES | 133 | ||
| 17 - Spinal Cord Injury–Related Neuropathic Pain | 135 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 135 | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria | 135 | ||
| Course | 136 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 137 | ||
| Diagnostic Testing | 137 | ||
| Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Options | 137 | ||
| MEDICATION OPTIONS | 138 | ||
| Topical Medications | 138 | ||
| Antiepileptic Medications | 138 | ||
| Antidepressant Medications | 139 | ||
| Opioid Medications | 139 | ||
| Tramadol | 140 | ||
| Cannabinoids | 140 | ||
| Miscellaneous Medications | 140 | ||
| INTERVENTIONAL OPTIONS | 140 | ||
| Botulinum Toxin Injections | 140 | ||
| Intravenous Medications | 140 | ||
| Intrathecal Medicine | 140 | ||
| Surgical Options | 141 | ||
| Prognosis | 141 | ||
| REFERENCES | 141 | ||
| 18 - Pain Syndromes Associated With Traumatic Brain Injury | 145 | ||
| DEFINITIONS OF PAIN | 145 | ||
| POSTTRAUMATIC HEADACHES | 146 | ||
| CENTRAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN SYNDROMES AFTER TBI | 149 | ||
| PERIPHERAL PAIN SYNDROMES AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY | 150 | ||
| LUMBAR PAIN SYNDROMES AFTER TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY | 150 | ||
| SUMMARY/DISCUSSION | 151 | ||
| REFERENCES | 151 | ||
| 19 - Pain Syndromes Associated With Cerebrovascular Accidents | 155 | ||
| CENTRAL POSTSTROKE PAIN | 155 | ||
| SHOULDER-HAND SYNDROME | 157 | ||
| POSTSTROKE HEADACHE | 159 | ||
| HEMIPLEGIC SHOULDER PAIN | 159 | ||
| REFERENCES | 163 | ||
| 20 - Multiple Sclerosis Pain | 167 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 167 | ||
| CLASSIFICATION | 167 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 168 | ||
| EVALUATION | 168 | ||
| MANAGEMENT | 169 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic | 169 | ||
| Pharmacologic | 170 | ||
| Interventional | 172 | ||
| SUMMARY | 172 | ||
| REFERENCES | 172 | ||
| 21 - Trigeminal Neuralgias | 177 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 177 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE BURDEN | 177 | ||
| DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA | 177 | ||
| NEUROANATOMIC BASIS AND PATHOGENESIS | 178 | ||
| CLINICAL APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS | 180 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis for Trigeminal Neuralgia and Other Cranial Neuralgias | 181 | ||
| MANAGEMENT OF THE TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIAS | 183 | ||
| Oral Antiepileptics | 183 | ||
| OnabotulinumtoxinA | 183 | ||
| Surgical Interventions | 183 | ||
| Neuromodulation | 184 | ||
| Nonpharmacologic Therapies | 184 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 186 | ||
| REFERENCES | 186 | ||
| FURTHER READING | 186 | ||
| 22 - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | 187 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 187 | ||
| NEUROGENIC THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME | 187 | ||
| History | 187 | ||
| Physical Examination | 188 | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria and Testing | 190 | ||
| Treatment | 191 | ||
| Surgical Management | 192 | ||
| VASCULAR THORACIC OUTLET SYNDROME | 192 | ||
| History | 192 | ||
| Physical Examination | 193 | ||
| Diagnostic Criteria and Testing | 193 | ||
| Treatment | 193 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 193 | ||
| REFERENCES | 194 | ||
| 23 - Neuralgic Amyotrophy | 197 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 197 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 197 | ||
| ETIOLOGY | 197 | ||
| Hereditary Neuralgic Amyotrophy | 198 | ||
| Idiopathic Neuralgic Amyotrophy | 198 | ||
| PRESENTATION | 199 | ||
| DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS | 199 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 200 | ||
| TREATMENT | 201 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 202 | ||
| REFERENCES | 202 | ||
| 24 - Piriformis Syndrome: A Review of the Evidence and Proposed New Criteria for Diagnosis | 205 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 205 | ||
| PRESENTATION | 205 | ||
| Anatomy | 205 | ||
| Historical Features | 205 | ||
| Physical Features | 207 | ||
| Index | 217 | ||
| A | 217 | ||
| B | 217 | ||
| C | 218 | ||
| D | 219 | ||
| E | 219 | ||
| F | 219 | ||
| G | 220 | ||
| H | 220 | ||
| I | 220 | ||
| K | 221 | ||
| L | 221 | ||
| M | 221 | ||
| N | 222 | ||
| O | 222 | ||
| P | 222 | ||
| Q | 224 | ||
| R | 224 | ||
| S | 224 | ||
| T | 225 | ||
| U | 226 | ||
| V | 226 | ||
| W | 226 | ||
| X | 226 | ||
| Y | 226 | ||
| Z | 226 |