BOOK
Maxillofacial Surgery - E-Book
Peter Brennan | Henning Prof Dr Schliephake | G.E. Dr. Ghali | Luke Cascarini
(2016)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Now in full color, Maxillofacial Surgery, 3rd Edition covers the entire specialty of maxillofacial surgery, including craniofacial deformity, oral surgery, trauma, and oncology. Unlike other OMFS texts where the contributors are singly boarded in oral surgery, this richly illustrated text boasts OMFS contributors who are all dual boarded in both oral surgery and medicine. Thoroughly updated with evidence-based content, it addresses the advances in technology and procedures providing oral and maxillofacial surgeons with new and exciting treatment options. And with print and digital formats, it is easy to use in any setting.
- Authoritative guidance on oral and maxillofacial surgery by internationally recognized experts in the field.
- 2,800 illustrations, including radiographs and full color artwork and clinical photos, provide clinicians and OMS residents with a clear visual guide to diagnoses, key concepts, and surgical techniques, as well as examples of preoperative and postoperative results.
- A multidisciplinary approach reflects the best practices in the disciplines of oral and maxillofacial surgery, head and neck surgery, plastic surgery, and otolaryngology.
- Covers contemporary techniques and technological advances at the forefront of maxillofacial surgery.
- Evidence-based content supports the newest, most up-to-date diagnostic and therapeutic options available for a wide variety of clinical problems.
- Key Points and Pitfalls boxes clearly identify the most important information, as well as potential problem areas that can arise when treating patients.
- Available in print and digital formats that can be easily accessed via mobile tablets and smart phones in any setting, making it perfect for the modern student of surgery.
- NEW! Full-color images clearly depict pathologies, concepts, and procedures.Â
- EXPANDED and UPDATED! Expanded from 82 to 111 chapters with thoroughly revised content that reflects current information and advances in OMS, so clinicians and students can depend on this text as their go-to resource on oral maxillofacial surgery.
- NEW! 29 new state-of-the-art chapters covering new topics, including the salivary glands, thyroid and parathyroid glands, tissue engineering, navigational surgery, 3D modeling, and lasers in OMFS.Â
- NEW! Two new editors, Professors Brennan and Schliephake, and new section editors and contributors have helped bring advances in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery and offer a fresh perspective.Â
- UPDATED! Expanded chapter on cancer keeps you in the know.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9780702060595v1_WEB.pdf | 1 | ||
| Front Cover | 1 | ||
| Maxillofacial Surgery | 2 | ||
| Copyright Page | 5 | ||
| Section Editors | 6 | ||
| List of Contributors | 7 | ||
| Preface | 15 | ||
| Table Of Contents | 16 | ||
| One Trauma | 20 | ||
| 1 Etiology and Changing Patterns of Maxillofacial Trauma | 20 | ||
| Key Points | 20 | ||
| Introduction | 20 | ||
| Road Traffic Accidents | 20 | ||
| Assaults | 22 | ||
| Falls | 23 | ||
| Sports-Related Injuries | 23 | ||
| Work-Related Accidents | 24 | ||
| References | 24 | ||
| 2 Primary Care of Maxillofacial Injuries | 26 | ||
| Key Points | 26 | ||
| Introduction | 26 | ||
| Prehospital Care | 26 | ||
| Hospital Care | 27 | ||
| Airway and Cervical Spine Control | 27 | ||
| Cervical Spine | 27 | ||
| Airway | 28 | ||
| Orotracheal/Nasotracheal Intubation | 29 | ||
| Cricothyroidotomy | 29 | ||
| Breathing | 29 | ||
| Circulation | 30 | ||
| Fluids for Resuscitation | 30 | ||
| Neurological Deficit | 31 | ||
| Secondary Survey | 31 | ||
| Head Injuries | 31 | ||
| Assessment of Head Injuries | 32 | ||
| Clinical Examination | 33 | ||
| Level of Response | 33 | ||
| Pupil Response | 33 | ||
| Abdomen | 33 | ||
| Extremity Trauma | 33 | ||
| References | 34 | ||
| 3 Establishing a Clinical Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment Plan | 35 | ||
| Key Points | 35 | ||
| General Considerations | 35 | ||
| Eyewitness Reports of the Incident | 36 | ||
| Clinical Diagnosis of Maxillofacial Trauma | 36 | ||
| Neurological Examination | 36 | ||
| External Examination | 36 | ||
| Examination of the Ear | 39 | ||
| Examination of the Eye | 39 | ||
| Significance of findings. | 40 | ||
| Examination of the Nose | 42 | ||
| Examination of the Facial Soft Tissues | 42 | ||
| Intraoral Examination | 42 | ||
| Salivary Glands | 43 | ||
| Radiological Evaluation of Maxillofacial Fractures | 44 | ||
| Classification of Maxillofacial Fractures | 46 | ||
| Relation to the Overlying Tissues | 46 | ||
| Type of Fracture | 46 | ||
| Additional Features of the Fracture | 46 | ||
| Anatomical Site of the Fracture | 47 | ||
| Special Considerations in Mandibular Fractures | 48 | ||
| Atrophic Mandible | 48 | ||
| Teeth in the Fracture Line | 49 | ||
| Use of Antibiotics and Antiinflammatory Agents | 49 | ||
| Principles | 49 | ||
| Presence of infection. | 49 | ||
| State of host defense. | 49 | ||
| Surgical drainage and incision. | 49 | ||
| Choosing the appropriate antibiotic. | 49 | ||
| Systemically Effective Corticosteroids | 49 | ||
| Imaging for Mandibular Fractures | 49 | ||
| Surgical Planning for Facial Fractures | 50 | ||
| Preliminary Treatment Planning in Midface, Zygomatic Complex, and Orbital Fractures | 50 | ||
| Imaging | 50 | ||
| Timing of Surgery | 50 | ||
| Surgical Plan | 51 | ||
| Preliminary Treatment Planning in Mandibular Fractures | 52 | ||
| Indications for Surgical Intervention | 52 | ||
| Timing of Surgery | 52 | ||
| Surgical Plan | 52 | ||
| Step-by-Step Operative Management of Panfacial Trauma | 52 | ||
| Future Perspectives | 53 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment Planning | 55 | ||
| Exposure | 55 | ||
| Fixation Techniques | 55 | ||
| References | 55 | ||
| 4 Principles of Fracture Management | 57 | ||
| Key Points | 57 | ||
| Introduction | 57 | ||
| Etiology | 58 | ||
| From Closed to Open Treatment | 58 | ||
| Closed Reduction and Retention Using Wires and Splints | 58 | ||
| Advantages of Closed Reduction | 59 | ||
| Disadvantages of Closed Reduction | 59 | ||
| Open Reduction and Internal Fixation | 59 | ||
| The Development of Modern Osteosynthesis in Trauma Surgery | 59 | ||
| History | 59 | ||
| Principles | 60 | ||
| Effects of Fixation on Fracture Healing | 60 | ||
| Macroplates for Mandibular Fracture Treatment | 60 | ||
| Lag Screws for Mandibular Fracture Treatment | 61 | ||
| Miniplates for Mandibular Fracture Treatment | 61 | ||
| Microplates for Maxillofacial Fracture Treatment | 62 | ||
| External Fixators | 64 | ||
| Condylar Fracture Treatment | 64 | ||
| Midfacial Fracture Treatment | 64 | ||
| Materials and Instrumentation | 66 | ||
| Technical Aspects | 66 | ||
| Timing of Maxillofacial Fracture Treatment | 66 | ||
| Primary Surgical Interventions (First Day) | 66 | ||
| Secondary Surgical Interventions (Following Days) | 66 | ||
| References | 67 | ||
| 5 Surgical Management of Mandibular Fractures | 69 | ||
| Key Points | 69 | ||
| Mandibular Fractures | 69 | ||
| Biomechanical Considerations | 70 | ||
| Closed Treatment | 70 | ||
| External Pin Fixation | 71 | ||
| Operative Technique | 72 | ||
| Surgical Approaches to the Mandible for Different Methods of Internal Fixation | 73 | ||
| Fixation Methods | 73 | ||
| Interosseous Wiring | 73 | ||
| Materials and Clinical Applications | 74 | ||
| Plate and Screw Osteosynthesis | 74 | ||
| Compression Plates | 75 | ||
| Placement of Screws | 75 | ||
| Clinical Applications | 76 | ||
| Review | 76 | ||
| Miniplate Osteosynthesis | 77 | ||
| Plates and Screws | 77 | ||
| Placement | 78 | ||
| Clinical Applications | 78 | ||
| Review | 79 | ||
| Three-Dimensional Titanium Miniplates | 79 | ||
| Placement of Plates and Screws | 80 | ||
| Review | 80 | ||
| Lag Screw Fixation | 81 | ||
| Indications for Lag Screw Osteosynthesis | 81 | ||
| Operative Technique | 82 | ||
| Review | 82 | ||
| Comminuted Mandibular Fractures | 83 | ||
| Locking Plate Systems | 83 | ||
| Perioperative Treatment | 84 | ||
| Alleviation of Pain | 84 | ||
| Suture Dehiscence | 84 | ||
| Infection | 84 | ||
| Osteomyelitis | 84 | ||
| Delayed Union (Pseudoarthrosis) | 84 | ||
| Malocclusion | 84 | ||
| Damage to Dental Roots | 84 | ||
| Damage to the Inferior Alveolar Nerve | 84 | ||
| A Tooth in a Fracture Line | 85 | ||
| Removal of Osteosynthesis Material | 85 | ||
| Fractures of the Atrophic Mandible | 85 | ||
| Traditional Treatment | 85 | ||
| Closed Reduction and Fixation by Intraoral Appliances | 86 | ||
| Direct Circumferential Wiring and Fixation of the Lower Part of a Gunning Splint by Means of Circummandibular Wires | 86 | ||
| Interosseous Wiring | 86 | ||
| Extraoral Pin Fixation | 87 | ||
| Primary Bone Grafting | 87 | ||
| Fixation by Plate Osteosynthesis | 87 | ||
| Complications and How to Avoid Them | 87 | ||
| Bilateral Fractures of the Atrophic Mandibular Body | 88 | ||
| Treatment of Nonunion in Fractures of the Atrophic Mandible | 88 | ||
| References | 89 | ||
| 6 Condylar Fractures | 93 | ||
| Key Points | 93 | ||
| Introduction | 93 | ||
| Clinical Findings and Investigations | 94 | ||
| Management Strategies | 95 | ||
| Indications for Open Reduction and Internal Fixation | 95 | ||
| Indications for Nonsurgical Treatment | 95 | ||
| Conservative Closed Functional Treatment | 95 | ||
| Definition of Closed Treatment | 95 | ||
| Definition of Closed Functional Treatment | 95 | ||
| Evidence Supporting Closed Treatment of Unilateral Condylar Fractures in Adult Patients | 96 | ||
| Evidence Supporting Open Treatment of Unilateral Fractures in Adult Patients | 97 | ||
| Bilateral Condylar Fractures in Adults | 98 | ||
| Management of Condylar Fractures in Panfacial Injury | 99 | ||
| Surgical Approaches | 99 | ||
| Submandibular Approach (Risdon Approach) | 99 | ||
| Anatomical points of importance. | 99 | ||
| Incision marking. | 99 | ||
| Dissection. | 99 | ||
| 9780702060595v2_WEB | 874 | ||
| Front Cover | 874 | ||
| Maxillofacial Surgery | 875 | ||
| Copyright Page | 878 | ||
| Section Editors | 879 | ||
| List of Contributors | 880 | ||
| Preface | 888 | ||
| Table Of Contents | 889 | ||
| Three Craniofacial Deformity | 893 | ||
| 1 Craniofacial Surgery | 893 | ||
| 58 Classification, Diagnosis, and Etiology of Craniofacial Deformities | 893 | ||
| Key Points | 893 | ||
| Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis | 893 | ||
| Developmental Delay | 893 | ||
| Increased Intracranial Pressure | 894 | ||
| Cerebral Growth Restriction | 895 | ||
| Visual Impairments | 895 | ||
| Vision Loss | 895 | ||
| Strabismus/Ocular Motility | 896 | ||
| Diagnosis and Workup | 896 | ||
| Surgical Timing | 896 | ||
| A Multidisciplinary Approach | 896 | ||
| Classification | 896 | ||
| Sagittal Synostosis (Scaphocephaly) | 896 | ||
| Metopic Synostosis (Trigonocephaly) | 896 | ||
| Unilateral Coronal Synostosis (Anterior Plagiocephaly) and Bilateral Coronal Synostosis (Brachycephaly) | 897 | ||
| Multiple Suture Craniosynostosis | 898 | ||
| Lambdoid Craniosynostosis (Posterior Plagiocephaly) | 899 | ||
| Positional Plagiocephaly | 900 | ||
| Syndromic Craniosynostosis | 901 | ||
| Fibroblast Growth Factor Family | 901 | ||
| Apert Syndrome | 901 | ||
| Etiology | 901 | ||
| Characteristics | 901 | ||
| Craniosynostosis. | 901 | ||
| Midface hypoplasia. | 901 | ||
| Ocular abnormalities. | 901 | ||
| Musculoskeletal anomalies. | 902 | ||
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease. | 902 | ||
| Elevated intracranial pressure. | 902 | ||
| Obstructive sleep apnea. | 902 | ||
| Neurological abnormalities. | 903 | ||
| Hearing loss. | 904 | ||
| Developmental delays. | 904 | ||
| Treatment Recommendations: Team Approach | 904 | ||
| Surgical treatment | 904 | ||
| Monitoring | 904 | ||
| Crouzon Syndrome | 904 | ||
| Etiology | 904 | ||
| Characteristics | 905 | ||
| Craniosynostosis. | 905 | ||
| Midface hypoplasia. | 905 | ||
| Ocular abnormalities. | 905 | ||
| Musculoskeletal anomalies. | 905 | ||
| Raised intracranial pressure. | 905 | ||
| Obstructive sleep apnea. | 905 | ||
| Neurological abnormalities. | 906 | ||
| Hearing loss. | 906 | ||
| Developmental delay. | 906 | ||
| Treatment Recommendations: Team Approach | 906 | ||
| Surgical treatment | 906 | ||
| Monitoring | 906 | ||
| Pfeiffer Syndrome | 906 | ||
| Etiology | 906 | ||
| Characteristics | 907 | ||
| Craniosynostosis. | 907 | ||
| Midface hypoplasia. | 907 | ||
| Ocular findings. | 908 | ||
| Musculoskeletal anomalies. | 908 | ||
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease. | 908 | ||
| Raised intracranial pressure. | 908 | ||
| Airway. | 908 | ||
| Neurological abnormalities. | 908 | ||
| Hearing loss and ear abnormalities. | 908 | ||
| Other abnormalities. | 909 | ||
| Developmental delay. | 909 | ||
| Treatment Recommendations: Team Approach | 909 | ||
| Surgical treatment | 909 | ||
| Monitoring | 909 | ||
| Muenke Syndrome | 909 | ||
| Etiology | 909 | ||
| Characteristics | 909 | ||
| Craniosynostosis. | 909 | ||
| Midface hypoplasia. | 909 | ||
| Ocular abnormalities. | 909 | ||
| Musculoskeletal anomalies. | 909 | ||
| Elevated intracranial pressure. | 910 | ||
| Hearing loss. | 910 | ||
| Developmental delays. | 910 | ||
| Treatment Recommendations: Team Approach | 910 | ||
| Surgical treatment | 910 | ||
| Monitoring | 910 | ||
| Saethre-Chotzen Syndrome | 910 | ||
| Etiology | 910 | ||
| Characteristics | 911 | ||
| Craniosynostosis. | 911 | ||
| Midface hypoplasia. | 911 | ||
| Musculoskeletal anomalies. | 911 | ||
| Ocular findings. | 911 | ||
| Hearing loss and auricular findings. | 911 | ||
| Other clinical findings. | 911 | ||
| Raised intracranial pressure. | 911 | ||
| Developmental delays. | 911 | ||
| Treatment Recommendations: Team Approach | 911 | ||
| Surgical treatment | 911 | ||
| Monitoring | 911 | ||
| Jackson-Weiss Syndrome | 911 | ||
| Beare-Stevenson Syndrome | 911 | ||
| Antley-Bixler Syndrome | 911 | ||
| Carpenter Syndrome | 912 | ||
| Thanatophoric Dysplasia | 912 | ||
| Deformities Associated With Abnormalities of the First and Second Branchial Arches | 912 | ||
| Treacher Collins Syndrome (Franceschetti-Zwahlen-Klein Syndrome) | 912 | ||
| Demographics, Genetics, Etiology | 912 | ||
| Characteristics of Treacher Collins Patients | 913 | ||
| Staging of Craniofacial Reconstruction | 913 | ||
| Initial consultation. | 913 | ||
| Cleft palate. | 913 | ||
| Ear and hearing rehabilitation and reconstruction. | 913 | ||
| Ophthalmologic intervention. | 913 | ||
| Zygomatic and malar reconstruction. | 914 | ||
| Maxillomandibular reconstruction. | 914 | ||
| Nasal reconstruction and orbital rim secondary reconstruction. | 915 | ||
| Soft tissue refinements. | 915 | ||
| Hemifacial Microsomia | 915 | ||
| Demographics, Genetics, and Etiology | 915 | ||
| Characteristics | 917 | ||
| Classification | 918 | ||
| Orbit. | 918 | ||
| Mandible. | 918 | ||
| Ear. | 918 | ||
| Nerve. | 918 | ||
| Soft tissue. | 918 | ||
| Macrostomia (Tessier | 918 | ||
| (+) Extracranial manifestations. | 918 | ||
| A special note regarding Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome. | 918 | ||
| Staging of Craniofacial Reconstruction | 918 | ||
| Initial consultation. | 918 | ||
| Ophthalmologic intervention. | 918 | ||
| Maxillomandibular reconstruction. | 920 | ||
| Dental and orthodontic rehabilitation. | 920 | ||
| Ear and hearing rehabilitation and reconstruction. | 920 | ||
| Facial nerve. | 920 | ||
| Soft tissue refinements. | 920 | ||
| References | 920 | ||
| 59 Principles of Craniofacial Surgery and the Management of Complications | 925 | ||
| Key Points | 925 | ||
| Introduction | 925 | ||
| Principles | 925 | ||
| Defining the Problem and Developing a Treatment Plan | 925 | ||
| Surgery in the Growing Child | 926 | ||
| Placement of Incisions | 926 | ||
| Coronal Incision | 926 | ||
| Oral Incision | 927 | ||
| Subperiosteal Dissection | 927 | ||
| Adequate Cooling When Using Power Cutting Instruments | 927 | ||
| Completion of Osteotomies Under Direct Visualization | 927 | ||
| Overcorrection | 928 | ||
| Stabilization and Fixation | 928 | ||
| Placement of Bone Grafts | 928 | ||
| Management of Dead Space | 928 | ||
| Perioperative Management | 929 | ||
| Management of Complications | 930 | ||
| Introduction | 930 | ||
| Intraoperative Complications | 930 | ||
| Inadvertent Fracture | 930 | ||
| Hemorrhage | 930 | ||
| Orbital Fat Herniation | 930 | ||
| Postsurgical Complications | 931 | ||
| Infection | 931 | ||
| Complications of Bone Plates, Devices, and Screws | 931 | ||
| Ophthalmological Complications | 931 | ||
| Diplopia | 932 | ||
| Superior Orbital Fissure Syndrome | 932 | ||
| Facial Nerve Injury | 932 | ||
| Neurosensory Disturbance | 932 | ||
| Scarring and Incision Placement | 933 | ||
| References | 933 | ||
| 60 Psychosocial Aspects of Visual Facial Difference | 935 | ||
| Key Points | 935 | ||
| Introduction | 935 | ||
| Infant and Early Childhood Development | 935 | ||
| Child/Adolescent Behavioral Functioning | 936 | ||
| Child/Adolescent Emotional and Social Functioning | 936 | ||
| Adult Functioning | 938 | ||
| Psychosocial Adjustment and Resilience | 938 | ||
| Parental Factors | 939 | ||
| The Role of Optimism, Social Support and Relatedness, and Utilization of Coping Strategies | 939 | ||
| Clinical Implications | 940 | ||
| Conclusion | 941 | ||
| References | 941 | ||
| 61 Surgical Management of Craniosynostosis | 943 | ||
| Key Points | 943 | ||
| Background | 943 | ||
| Syndromic Versus Nonsyndromic | 943 | ||
| Functional Considerations | 943 | ||
| Intracranial Hypertension | 943 | ||
| Hydrocephalus | 944 | ||
| Visual Impairment | 944 | ||
| Neuropsychiatric Disorders | 944 | ||
| Diagnosis | 944 | ||
| Classification | 945 | ||
| Sagittal Synostosis | 945 | ||
| Unilateral Coronal Synostosis | 945 | ||
| Bilateral Coronal Synostosis | 946 | ||
| Metopic Synostosis | 947 | ||
| Unilateral Lambdoid Synostosis | 947 | ||
| Principles of Management | 948 | ||
| Multidisciplinary Team Approach | 948 | ||
| Timing of Surgery | 948 | ||
| Current Surgical Approach | 949 | ||
| Surgical Considerations | 949 | ||
| Sagittal Synostosis | 949 | ||
| Unilateral Coronal Synostosis | 949 | ||
| Bilateral Coronal Synostosis | 949 | ||
| Metopic Synostosis | 953 | ||
| Unilateral Lambdoid Synostosis | 953 | ||
| Treatment Considerations: Positional Plagiocephaly Versus Craniosynostosis | 953 | ||
| Postoperative Considerations | 957 | ||
| Complications | 957 | ||
| Surgical Advances in Craniosynostosis Repair | 958 | ||
| References | 958 | ||
| 62 Hemifacial Microsomia | 960 | ||
| Key Points | 960 | ||
| Introduction | 960 | ||
| Epidemiology | 960 | ||
| Etiology | 960 | ||
| Pathogenesis | 961 | ||
| Clinical Features | 961 | ||
| Skeletal Defect | 961 | ||
| Soft Tissue Defect | 961 | ||
| Skin Tags | 961 | ||
| Macrostomia | 961 | ||
| External Ear Deformities | 961 | ||
| Muscle Deficit | 962 | ||
| Cranial Nerve Abnormalities | 962 | ||
| Soft Palate Function | 962 | ||
| Classification of Hemifacial Microsomia | 962 | ||
| Practical Classification | 963 | ||
| Type I | 963 | ||
| Type IIA | 963 | ||
| Type IIB | 963 | ||
| Type III | 963 | ||
| Normal Mandibular Growth | 964 | ||
| Mandibular Growth in Hemifacial Microsomia | 964 | ||
| Type I | 964 | ||
| Type IIA | 964 | ||
| Type IIB | 964 | ||
| Type III | 964 | ||
| Progression of Facial Asymmetry in Hemifacial Microsomia | 965 | ||
| Treatment of the Skeletal Deformity of Hemifacial Microsomia | 965 | ||
| Treatment of the Growing Child | 965 | ||
| Functional Appliance Treatment | 966 | ||
| Early Orthodontic Treatment | 966 | ||
| Early Mandibular Operation and Immediate Postsurgical Dental Appliance | 966 | ||
| Treatment of the End-Stage Skeletal Deformity in Non-Growing Patients | 975 | ||
| Orthodontic Management | 975 | ||
| Surgical Correction of the End-Stage Skeletal Deformity | 975 | ||
| Type I and IIA. | 975 | ||
| Types IIB and III. | 978 | ||
| Correction of Soft Tissue Abnormalities | 979 | ||
| Correction of Soft Tissue Contour Deformity | 979 | ||
| Facial Nerve Palsy | 980 | ||
| Conclusion | 981 | ||
| Lessons Learned | 981 | ||
| References | 981 | ||
| 63 Treacher Collins Syndrome | 984 | ||
| Key Points | 984 | ||
| Introduction | 984 | ||
| Genetics and Pathogenesis | 984 | ||
| Clinical Features | 985 | ||
| Skull | 985 | ||
| Nose and Facial Soft Tissues | 985 | ||
| Ophthalmic Features | 985 | ||
| Ear and Hearing | 986 | ||
| Mandible | 986 | ||
| Maxilla | 986 | ||
| Mental Development | 986 | ||
| Diagnosis | 986 | ||
| Management | 986 | ||
| Mandibular Lengthening | 987 | ||
| Technique for Distraction Osteogenesis | 987 | ||
| Surgical Procedure | 987 | ||
| Postcondylar Grafts | 988 | ||
| Ramus Osteotomies | 988 | ||
| Body Osteotomies and Segmental Procedures | 989 | ||
| Total Joint Reconstruction With Alloplast | 989 | ||
| Genioplasty | 989 | ||
| Malar Reconstruction | 990 | ||
| Orthognathic Surgery | 991 | ||
| Pinna Reconstruction | 991 | ||
| Ear Surgery | 991 | ||
| Eyelid Surgery | 991 | ||
| Orthodontics and Dental Care | 991 | ||
| Management of Sleep Apnea | 991 | ||
| Conclusion | 992 | ||
| References | 992 | ||
| 64 Osteodistraction | 994 | ||
| Key Points | 994 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 994 | ||
| Mandibular Widening | 994 | ||
| Maxillary Widening | 998 | ||
| Mandibular Lengthening | 1000 | ||
| Intraoral Bidirectional Distraction Osteogenesis | 1005 | ||
| Vertical Distractor Placement | 1005 | ||
| Horizontal Distractor Placement | 1005 | ||
| Maxillary Lengthening | 1007 | ||
| Bone Transport via Intraoral Distraction Osteogenesis | 1010 | ||
| Conclusions | 1015 | ||
| References | 1015 | ||
| 65 Reanimation in Congenital Disorders | 1017 | ||
| Key Points | 1017 | ||
| Introduction | 1017 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis of Facial Paralysis | 1018 | ||
| Methods of Testing | 1018 | ||
| Location of Lesion | 1018 | ||
| Approach to the Surgical Management of Congenital Facial Paralysis | 1020 | ||
| Operative Care | 1022 | ||
| Operative Sequence | 1022 | ||
| First-Stage Operation of the Two-Stage Procedure | 1022 | ||
| Second-Stage Operation of the Two-Stage Reanimation | 1028 | ||
| Single-Stage Operation for Unilateral Facial Paralysis | 1028 | ||
| Conclusion | 1029 | ||
| References | 1029 | ||
| 2 Surgical Management of Cleft Lip and Palate Patients | 1031 | ||
| 66 Evidence-Based Medicine and Controversies in Cleft Care | 1031 | ||
| Key Points | 1031 | ||
| Introduction | 1031 | ||
| Controversies in Cleft Care | 1032 | ||
| References | 1036 | ||
| 67 Techniques for Cleft Lip Repair | 1038 | ||
| Key Points | 1038 | ||
| Introduction | 1038 | ||
| Embryology of Cleft Lip | 1038 | ||
| Classification of Cleft Lip and Palate | 1038 | ||
| Primary and Secondary Palate | 1038 | ||
| Veau’s Classification | 1039 | ||
| Examples of the LAHSAL Cleft Classification | 1040 | ||
| Unilateral Cleft Lip Anatomy | 1040 | ||
| Skin Anatomy | 1040 | ||
| Muscle Anatomy | 1040 | ||
| Nasal Anatomy | 1041 | ||
| Unilateral Incomplete Cleft Lip Anatomy | 1042 | ||
| Bilateral Cleft Lip Anatomy | 1042 | ||
| Skin | 1042 | ||
| Muscle | 1043 | ||
| Nose | 1043 | ||
| Philosophy of Cleft Lip Repair | 1045 | ||
| Alveolar Cleft Segments | 1047 | ||
| Anterior Hard Palate | 1048 | ||
| The South Wales Cleft Team Protocol for Cleft Lip Repair: Advancement/Rotation Lip Repair With an Inferior Triangular Flap | 1048 | ||
| Common Techniques of Cleft Lip Repair | 1054 | ||
| Millard Cleft Lip Repair | 1054 | ||
| Flap Design | 1054 | ||
| Delaire Cleft Lip Repair | 1055 | ||
| Pfeiffer Cleft Lip Repair | 1055 | ||
| Flap Design | 1055 | ||
| Afroze Cleft Lip Repair | 1056 |