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Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale, An Issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, E-Book

Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale, An Issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, E-Book

Matthew J. Price

(2017)

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Book Details

Abstract

This issue of Interventional Cardiology Clinics, edited by the series Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Matthew Price, will cover Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale. Some of the topics discussed in this issue include, but are not limited to, PFO and the Interatrial Septum: Clinical-Anatomic Correlations; Current Dataset for PFO Closure in Cryptogenic; Stroke: Randomized Clinical Trials and Observational Studies; PFO closure: Devices and Technique; Identification and quantification of PFO-mediated shunts: echocardiography and transcranial Doppler; PFO closure for Hypoxemia; and Imaging Assessment of the interatrial Septum for ASD and PFO closure, among others.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Cover
INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY CLINICS i
Copyright ii
CONTRIBUTORS iii
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF iii
EDITOR iii
AUTHORS iii
CONTENTS v
Preface: Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale v
Cryptogenic Stroke and Patent Foramen Ovale Risk Assessment v
Identification and Quantification of Patent Foramen Ovale–Mediated Shunts: Echocardiography and Transcranial Doppler v
Imaging Assessment of the Interatrial Septum for Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen Ovale Closure v
Current Dataset for Patent Foramen Ovale Closure in Cryptogenic Stroke: Randomized Clinical Trials and Observational Studies vi
Patent Foramen Ovale and Migraine Headache vi
Patent Foramen Ovale Closure for Hypoxemia vi
Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale: Devices and Technique vi
TRANSCATHETER CLOSURE OF PATENT FORAMEN OVALE vii
FORTHCOMING ISSUES vii
RECENT ISSUES vii
Preface:\rTranscatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale ix
Cryptogenic Stroke and Patent Foramen Ovale Risk Assessment 487
KEY POINTS 487
INTRODUCTION 487
STROKE NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION 488
RISK OF PARADOXIC EMBOLISM SCORE 489
Patent Foramen Ovale–Attributable Risk 489
Risk of Paradoxic Embolism Score and Risk of Recurrent Stroke 489
RANDOMIZED EVALUATION OF RECURRENT STROKE COMPARING PATENT FORAMEN OVALE CLOSURE TO ESTABLISHED CURRENT STANDARD OF CARE TR ... 491
PATIENT SELECTION AND US FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION APPROVAL OF PATENT FORAMEN OVALE CLOSURE FOR CRYPTOGENIC STROKE 492
SUMMARY 492
REFERENCES 492
Identification and Quantification of Patent Foramen Ovale–Mediated Shunts 495
KEY POINTS 495
INTRODUCTION 495
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR DETECTION OF RIGHT-TO-LEFT SHUNTING BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY 496
Contrast Agents 496
Site of Contrast Injection (Antecubital vs Femoral) 496
Provocation Maneuvers 496
Criteria for Diagnosis of Intracardiac Right-to-Left Shunts 497
DIAGNOSIS OF RIGHT-TO-LEFT SHUNT BY TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 497
Transthoracic Echocardiography Protocol for Detecting Right-to-Left Shunt 497
Diagnostic Accuracy of Transthoracic Echocardiography for Detection of Intracardiac Right-to-Left Shunt 497
Advantages and Disadvantages of Transthoracic Echocardiography for Detection of Intracardiac Right-to-Left Shunt 498
PATENT FORAMEN OVALE IMAGING BY TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 498
Transesophageal Echocardiography Protocol for Detecting a Patent Foramen Ovale 498
Diagnostic Accuracy of Transesophageal Echocardiography for Detection of Patent Foramen Ovale 498
Advantages and Disadvantages of Transesophageal Echocardiography 499
DIAGNOSIS OF INTRACARDIAC RIGHT-TO-LEFT SHUNT BY TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER 500
Transcranial Doppler Protocol for Detecting Intracardiac Right-to-Left Shunt 501
Diagnostic Accuracy of Transcranial Doppler for Detecting Intracardiac Right-to-Left Shunts 501
Advantages and Disadvantages of Transcranial Doppler for Detection of Intracardiac Right-to-Left Shunt 501
OTHER DIAGNOSTIC MODALITIES FOR IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF A PATENT FORAMEN OVALE 502
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 503
REFERENCES 503
Imaging Assessment of the Interatrial Septum for Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen Ovale Closure 505
KEY POINTS 505
INTRODUCTION 505
ANATOMY OF THE INTERATRIAL SEPTUM AND COMMON DEFECTS 506
Patent Foramen Ovale 506
Atrial Septal Defect 507
DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING OF THE INTERATRIAL SEPTUM BY TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 508
Agitated Saline Contrast Study 511
PREPROCEDURAL IMAGING OF ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECTS AND PATENT FORAMEN OVALE WITH TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 511
Patent Foramen Ovale Assessment by Transesophageal Echocardiography 511
Atrial Septal Defect Assessment by Transesophageal Echocardiography 512
Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography Assessment of the Interatrial Septum 514
INTRAPROCEDURAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC GUIDANCE FOR TRANSCATHETER DEVICE CLOSURE OF ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT AND PATENT FORAMEN OVALE 515
Transesophageal Echocardiographic Guidance of Device Closure 516
Intracardiac Echocardiography 518
Technical approach to intracardiac imaging for patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect closure 518
Key intracardiac echocardiography assessments after device implantation 519
ASSESSING FOR COMPLICATIONS OF ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT AND PATENT FORAMEN OVALE CLOSURE 519
Echocardiographic Predictors of Device Erosion 521
Postprocedure Follow-up Imaging 522
SUMMARY 522
REFERENCES 523
Current Dataset for Patent Foramen Ovale Closure in Cryptogenic Stroke 525
KEY POINTS 525
INTRODUCTION 525
STUDIES OF THE EFFICACY OF MEDICAL THERAPY 525
OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES OF PERCUTANEOUS PATENT FORAMEN OVALE CLOSURE 526
OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES COMPARING DEVICE CLOSURE WITH MEDICAL THERAPY 527
Meta-analyses 528
Propensity-Matched Analyses 528
RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS 529
CLOSURE I 529
PC TRIAL 530
RESPECT TRIAL 530
META-ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL TRIALS 534
COST-EFFECTIVENESS 535
RISK OF PARADOXICAL EMBOLISM DATABASE AND SCORE 535
CURRENT STATE OF US FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION APPROVAL 535
FUTURE DIRECTIONS 536
SUMMARY 536
REFERENCES 536
Patent Foramen Ovale and Migraine Headache 539
KEY POINTS 539
INTRODUCTION 539
MIGRAINE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PATENT FORAMEN OVALE 539
POTENTIAL PATHOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF PATENT FORAMEN OVALE AND MIGRAINE 540
EVIDENCE FOR PATENT FORAMEN OVALE CLOSURE 541
SUMMARY 543
REFERENCES 543
Patent Foramen Ovale Closure for Hypoxemia 547
KEY POINTS 547
INTRODUCTION 547
PATENT FORAMEN OVALE AND HYPOXEMIA 547
PATENT FORAMEN OVALE AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE 549
PATENT FORAMEN OVALE AND PULMONARY HYPERTENSION 550
ROLE FOR PATENT FORAMEN OVALE CLOSURE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE 550
PATENT FORAMEN OVALE AND SLEEP APNEA 551
PATENT FORAMEN OVALE AND PLATYPNEA-ORTHODEOXIA 552
PATENT FORAMEN OVALE AND PULMONARY ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION 553
SUMMARY 553
REFERENCES 553
Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale 555
KEY POINTS 555
INTRODUCTION 555
PREPROCEDURE EVALUATION 555
Workup for Cryptogenic Stroke 555
Anatomic Evaluation by Transesophageal Echocardiography 557
Contraindications 558
PROCEDURAL APPROACH 558
Venous Access 558
Introducer sheath for device delivery 558
Introducer sheath for intracardiac echocardiography 558
Special scenarios 558
Patent Foramen Ovale Crossing 558
Occluder Deployment 559
Amplatzer patent foramen ovale occluder 559
Indication 559
Device description 559
Device sizing 559
Device implantation 561
Amplatzer multifenestrated (cribiform) septal occluder 562