BOOK
Equine Ophthalmology, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, E-Book
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
This issue of Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice is edited by Dr. Mary Lassaline and focuses on Equine Ophthalmology. Article topics include: Anatomy and Examination; Imaging; Eyelid; Cornea; Uveitis; Lens; Retina with emphasis on electrodiagnostics; Medications Update; Neuro-oph; Ocular neoplasia; Genetic ocular disease, and OMSD with emphasis on borreliosis.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Equine Ophthalmology | i | ||
| Copyright\r | ii | ||
| Contributors | iii | ||
| CONSULTING EDITOR | iii | ||
| EDITOR | iii | ||
| AUTHORS | iii | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Preface: The Science and Practice of Equine Ophthalmology: A Quarter Century Later | v | ||
| Corneal Response to Injury and Infection in the Horse | v | ||
| Medical and Surgical Management of Equine Recurrent Uveitis | v | ||
| Disease and Surgery of the Equine Lens | v | ||
| The Equine Fundus | v | ||
| Equine Glaucoma | vi | ||
| Neuro-ophthalmology in the Horse | vi | ||
| Periocular Neoplasia in the Horse | vi | ||
| Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease in the Horse | vi | ||
| Antifungal Therapy in Equine Ocular Mycotic Infections | vii | ||
| Advanced Imaging of the Equine Eye | vii | ||
| Genetic Testing as a Tool to Identify Horses with or at Risk for Ocular Disorders | vii | ||
| VETERINARY CLINICS OF\rNORTH AMERICA: EQUINE PRACTICE\r | viii | ||
| FORTHCOMING ISSUES | viii | ||
| April 2018 | viii | ||
| August 2018 | viii | ||
| December 2018 | viii | ||
| RECENT ISSUES | viii | ||
| August 2017 | viii | ||
| April 2017 | viii | ||
| December 2016 | viii | ||
| Preface:\rThe Science and Practice of Equine Ophthalmology: A Quarter Century Later | ix | ||
| Corneal Response to Injury and Infection in the Horse | 439 | ||
| Key points | 439 | ||
| CORNEAL ANATOMY | 439 | ||
| IMMUNE RESPONSES OF THE OCULAR SURFACE | 441 | ||
| CORNEAL REACTION TO INJURY | 442 | ||
| Epithelial Wound Healing | 443 | ||
| Stromal Wound Healing | 445 | ||
| Inflammation | 445 | ||
| Endothelial Wound Healing | 447 | ||
| Perforating Injury | 447 | ||
| CORNEAL INFECTION | 448 | ||
| MODULATION OF CORNEAL WOUND HEALING | 451 | ||
| IMPLICATIONS OF THE WOUND HEALING CASCADE ON INJURY AND DISEASE IN THE EQUINE CORNEA | 452 | ||
| Keratomalacia | 452 | ||
| Infectious Keratitis | 453 | ||
| Refractory Sterile Superficial Ulcers | 457 | ||
| Corneal Transplantation | 457 | ||
| Immune-Mediated Keratitis | 458 | ||
| REFERENCES | 460 | ||
| Medical and Surgical Management of Equine Recurrent Uveitis | 465 | ||
| Key points | 465 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 465 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW | 468 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 473 | ||
| Conventional Medical Therapy | 473 | ||
| Long-term Control and/or Prevention of Recurrent Bouts of Inflammation | 473 | ||
| NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 474 | ||
| Leptospira Vaccination | 474 | ||
| COMBINATION THERAPIES | 476 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS | 477 | ||
| Suprachoroidal Cyclosporine Implants | 478 | ||
| Pars Plana Vitrectomy | 478 | ||
| EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS | 479 | ||
| SUMMARY | 479 | ||
| REFERENCES | 479 | ||
| Disease and Surgery of the Equine Lens | 483 | ||
| Key points | 483 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 483 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW | 484 | ||
| Assess Vision | 484 | ||
| Assess Pupillary Light Reflexes | 484 | ||
| Dilate the Pupil | 484 | ||
| Sedation | 484 | ||
| Distant Direct Examination | 485 | ||
| Magnified Examination | 485 | ||
| Additional Examination Components | 485 | ||
| Classification of Cataracts | 487 | ||
| Causes of Cataracts | 488 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 489 | ||
| SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS | 489 | ||
| Phacoemulsification | 489 | ||
| Preoperative therapeutic protocol | 491 | ||
| Operative protocol | 491 | ||
| Intraocular lenses | 493 | ||
| Postoperative care | 494 | ||
| Intracapsular Lens Extraction | 494 | ||
| EVALUATION OF OUTCOME AND LONG-TERM RECOMMENDATIONS | 494 | ||
| SUMMARY | 495 | ||
| REFERENCES | 495 | ||
| The Equine Fundus | 499 | ||
| Key points | 499 | ||
| ANATOMY OF THE EQUINE FUNDUS | 499 | ||
| Retina and Optic Disc | 499 | ||
| Choroid and Tapetum | 503 | ||
| EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES OF THE EQUINE FUNDUS | 505 | ||
| Direct and Indirect Ophthalmoscopy | 505 | ||
| Smartphone Ophthalmoscopy (Smartphonoscopy) | 507 | ||
| ADVANCED EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES | 507 | ||
| Ultrasonography | 507 | ||
| Electroretinography | 509 | ||
| COMMON DISEASES OF THE EQUINE FUNDUS | 512 | ||
| Chorioretinal Lesions | 513 | ||
| Focal chorioretinopathy (“bullet hole” lesions) | 514 | ||
| Peripapillary chorioretinal scar (“butterfly” lesion) | 514 | ||
| Retinal Detachment | 514 | ||
| Senile Retinopathy | 514 | ||
| SUMMARY | 516 | ||
| REFERENCES | 516 | ||
| Equine Glaucoma | 519 | ||
| Key points | 519 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 519 | ||
| ANATOMY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 520 | ||
| CLINICAL PRESENTATION | 522 | ||
| PATIENT EVALUATION OVERVIEW | 523 | ||
| Clinical Signs | 523 | ||
| Diagnostics | 525 | ||
| Advanced Imaging | 528 | ||
| THERAPEUTIC TARGETS | 530 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OPTIONS | 530 | ||
| NOVEL TREATMENT OPTIONS | 531 | ||
| NONNPHARMACOLOGIC/SURGICAL TREATMENT OPTIONS | 531 | ||
| Surgical Treatment in Visual Eyes | 531 | ||
| Surgical Treatment in Nonvisual Eyes | 532 | ||
| ADDITIONAL THERAPY | 534 | ||
| SUMMARY | 534 | ||
| REFERENCES | 535 | ||
| Neuro-ophthalmology in the Horse | 541 | ||
| Key points | 541 | ||
| FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS | 542 | ||
| NEUROGENIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA | 544 | ||
| STRABISMUS | 544 | ||
| NYSTAGMUS | 545 | ||
| ANISOCORIA | 545 | ||
| BLINDNESS | 546 | ||
| REFERENCES | 548 | ||
| Periocular Neoplasia in the Horse | 551 | ||
| Key points | 551 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 551 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS | 552 | ||
| SURGICAL OPTIONS | 553 | ||
| ADJUNCTIVE THERAPY | 553 | ||
| Topical Agents | 553 | ||
| 5-Fluorouracil | 554 | ||
| Mitomycin C | 554 | ||
| Imiquimod (Aldara) | 554 | ||
| Acyclovir | 554 | ||
| Mistletoe extract (Viscum album) | 554 | ||
| Intralesional Chemotherapeutics | 555 | ||
| Systemic Chemotherapeutics | 555 | ||
| Radiation Therapy | 556 | ||
| Immunotherapy | 556 | ||
| COMMON PERIOCULAR NEOPLASIA | 557 | ||
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 557 | ||
| Sarcoid | 558 | ||
| FUTURE INVESTIGATION | 559 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 559 | ||
| REFERENCES | 560 | ||
| Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease in the Horse | 563 | ||
| Key points | 563 | ||
| GLOBE ABNORMALITIES | 564 | ||
| Parasitic | 564 | ||
| Tapeworm: Echinococcus granulosus | 564 | ||
| Bacterial | 564 | ||
| Tetanus | 564 | ||
| Viral | 565 | ||
| Rabies | 565 | ||
| Protozoal | 565 | ||
| Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis | 565 | ||
| Miscellaneous | 566 | ||
| Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis | 566 | ||
| Vestibular disease | 567 | ||
| EYELID, NICTITANS, AND CONJUNCTIVAL ABNORMALITIES | 567 | ||
| Parasitic | 568 | ||
| Onchocerciasis | 568 | ||
| Habronemiasis | 568 | ||
| Protozoal | 569 | ||
| Piroplasmosis | 569 | ||
| Rickettsial | 570 | ||
| Equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis | 570 | ||
| Fungal | 570 | ||
| Dermatophytosis (ringworm) | 570 | ||
| Bacterial | 571 | ||
| Streptococcus equi subspecies equi (strangles) | 571 | ||
| Viral | 571 | ||
| Equine herpes virus and equine influenza | 571 | ||
| Immune-Mediated Dermatoses | 572 | ||
| Pemphigus foliaceus | 572 | ||
| Acquired Hematologic Disease | 572 | ||
| Neonatal isoerythrolysis | 572 | ||
| CORNEAL AND TEAR FILM ABNORMALITIES | 573 | ||
| Viral | 573 | ||
| Equine herpesvirus-2 | 573 | ||
| Metabolic | 573 | ||
| Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction: Equine Cushing’s disease | 573 | ||
| Genetic | 574 | ||
| Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (hyperelastosis cutis) | 574 | ||
| Miscellaneous | 574 | ||
| Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy | 574 | ||
| Polyneuritis equi | 575 | ||
| UVEAL TRACT AND ANTERIOR CHAMBER ABNORMALITIES, INCLUDING UVEITIS | 576 | ||
| Bacterial | 576 | ||
| Borrelliosis | 576 | ||
| RETINAL AND CHOROIDAL ABNORMALITIES | 577 | ||
| Equine Motor Neuron Disease | 577 | ||
| OPTIC NERVE ABNORMALITIES AND BLINDNESS OWING TO CENTRAL DISEASE | 578 | ||
| REFERENCES | 578 | ||
| Antifungal Therapy in Equine Ocular Mycotic Infections | 583 | ||
| Key points | 583 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 583 | ||
| TYPES OF EQUINE OCULAR FUNGAL INFECTIONS | 584 | ||
| Keratomycosis | 584 | ||
| Blepharitis | 585 | ||
| Conjunctivitis | 585 | ||
| Intraocular Mycotic Infections | 586 | ||
| Optic Neuritis | 586 | ||
| Orbital Disease | 587 | ||
| DIAGNOSIS OF EQUINE OCULAR FUNGAL INFECTIONS | 587 | ||
| PHARMACOLOGIC ANTIFUNGAL TREATMENT OPTIONS | 588 | ||
| Azoles | 588 | ||
| Polyenes | 589 | ||
| Pyrimidines | 590 | ||
| Echinocandins | 590 | ||
| Allylamines | 590 | ||
| Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors | 590 | ||
| Silver Sulfadiazine | 590 | ||
| Iodophors | 591 | ||
| ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING | 591 | ||
| EQUINE ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY STUDIES | 592 | ||
| ANTIFUNGAL ADMINISTRATION ROUTES, TECHNIQUES, AND DEVICES IN EQUINE KERATOMYCOSIS | 596 | ||
| FUTURE ANTIFUNGAL TREATMENT MODALITIES AND CONCLUSIONS | 600 | ||
| REFERENCES | 600 | ||
| Advanced Imaging of the Equine Eye | 607 | ||
| Key points | 607 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 607 | ||
| IMAGING OF THE OCULAR ADNEXA | 608 | ||
| Indications for Imaging | 608 | ||
| Advanced Imaging Modalities Described | 608 | ||
| IMAGING OF THE NASOLACRIMAL DUCT | 609 | ||
| Indications for Imaging | 609 | ||
| Advanced Imaging Modalities Described | 610 | ||
| IMAGING OF THE CORNEA | 611 | ||
| Indications for Imaging | 611 | ||
| Advanced Imaging Modalities Described | 612 | ||
| IMAGING OF THE ANTERIOR UVEA AND LENS | 614 | ||
| Indications for Imaging | 614 | ||
| Advanced Imaging Modalities Described | 615 | ||
| IMAGING OF THE OCULAR POSTERIOR SEGMENT | 615 | ||
| Indications for Imaging | 615 | ||
| Advanced Imaging Modalities Described | 616 | ||
| IMAGING OF THE ORBIT | 619 | ||
| Indications for Imaging | 619 | ||
| Advanced Imaging Modalities Described | 619 | ||
| MISCELLANEOUS USE OF IMAGING: PROCEDURES | 621 | ||
| Indications for Imaging | 621 | ||
| Advanced Imaging Modalities Described | 621 | ||
| SUMMARY | 623 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 623 | ||
| REFERENCES | 623 | ||
| Genetic Testing as a Tool to Identify Horses with or at Risk for Ocular Disorders | 627 | ||
| Key points | 627 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 627 | ||
| CONGENITAL STATIONARY NIGHT BLINDNESS | 629 | ||
| CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE ON GENETIC TESTING FOR CONGENITAL STATIONARY NIGHT BLINDNESS IN BREEDS WITH LEOPARD COMPLEX SPOTTING | 632 | ||
| EQUINE RECURRENT UVEITIS | 632 | ||
| CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE ON GENETIC TESTING FOR EQUINE RECURRENT UVEITIS | 634 | ||
| MULTIPLE CONGENITAL OCULAR ANOMALIES | 635 | ||
| CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE ON GENETIC TESTING FOR MULTIPLE CONGENITAL OCULAR ANOMALIES | 636 | ||
| OCULAR SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA | 638 | ||
| CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE ON GENETIC TESTING FOR SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA | 639 | ||
| OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS OF EQUINE DISEASES CAUSED BY KNOWN GENETIC MUTATIONS | 640 | ||
| INHERITED OCULAR DISORDERS WITH UNKNOWN GENETIC CAUSES | 640 | ||
| SUMMARY | 641 | ||
| REFERENCES | 641 |