BOOK
Eating Disorders and Obesity in Children and Adolescents
Johannes Hebebrand | Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
(2018)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Get a quick, expert overview of best practices for diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders in children and adolescents. This concise resource by Drs. Johannes Hebebrand and Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann provides psychiatrists and pediatricians with current information in this increasingly important field, including practical sections on developmental aspects of eating disorders, symptomology, epidemiology, etiology and pathyphysiology, treatment and outcomes, and prevention.
- Discusses general concepts for feeding, eating, and weight disorders; body weight and composition, appetite regulation, and the emergence of body perception and image.
- Covers genetics of eating and weight disorders, influence of hormones, intergenerational effects, and food addiction.
- Includes information on cognitive behavioral therapy, family-based therapies, early intervention, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, and other treatments.
- Consolidates today’s available information on this timely topic into a single convenient resource.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Eating Disorders and Obesity in Children and Adolescents | i | ||
| Eating Disorders and Obesity in Children and Adolescents | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| List of Contributors | v | ||
| Eating and Weight Disorders at the Beginning of the Third Millennium | ix | ||
| References | ix | ||
| Contents | xi | ||
| I INTRODUCTION | 1 | ||
| 1 - Overarching Key Issues for Feeding, Eating, and Weight Disorders | 1 | ||
| PHENOMENOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS | 1 | ||
| Feeding and Eating Disorders | 1 | ||
| Weight Disorders | 3 | ||
| GETTING A GRIP ON THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE POLYGENIC DISSECTION OF EATING AND WEIGHT DISORDERS | 4 | ||
| THE URGENT NEED TO IMPROVE THE TREATMENT OF FEEDING, EATING, AND WEIGHT DISORDERS | 4 | ||
| REFERENCES | 6 | ||
| II DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS | 9 | ||
| 2 - Developmentally Appropriate Assessment of Body Weight and Body Composition From Childhood to Adulthood With a Focus on Eating and Weight Disorders | 9 | ||
| USE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE BODY MASS INDEX | 9 | ||
| BODY MASS INDEX AND HEALTH RISKS | 9 | ||
| BMI AND WEIGHT CATEGORIES AND THEIR PREVALENCES | 10 | ||
| DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS | 10 | ||
| BODY WEIGHT IN FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS | 13 | ||
| OUTLOOK | 14 | ||
| REFERENCES | 14 | ||
| 3 - Appetite Control—Biological and Psychological Factors | 17 | ||
| HUMANS ARE OMNIVORES | 17 | ||
| FOOD CHOICE AND HEDONIC PROCESSES | 17 | ||
| WHAT IS HOMEOSTATIC APPETITE CONTROL? | 18 | ||
| EPISODIC PROCESSES AND THE SATIETY CASCADE | 18 | ||
| TONIC PROCESSES OF APPETITE AND THE DRIVE TO EAT | 20 | ||
| IMPLICATIONS | 20 | ||
| SUMMARY | 21 | ||
| REFERENCES | 22 | ||
| 4 - Emerging Change in Body Perception During Growth and Development Among Children and Adolescents | 23 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 23 | ||
| MAJOR FINDINGS | 23 | ||
| Body Perception Related to Gender- and Age-Specific Body Measurements | 23 | ||
| Body Perception and Characteristics of Female Pubertal Development | 24 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 26 | ||
| OUTLOOK | 26 | ||
| REFERENCES | 26 | ||
| III SYMPTOMATOLOGY: EATING DISORDERS OF INFANCY AND EARLY CHILDHOOD | 29 | ||
| 5 - ARFID and Other Eating Disorders of Childhood | 29 | ||
| EPIDEMIOLOGY | 29 | ||
| SUBTYPING ARFID | 30 | ||
| THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN ARFID AND EATING DISORDERS | 30 | ||
| TREATMENT | 31 | ||
| OTHER EATING DISORDERS OF EARLY CHILDHOOD | 31 | ||
| CHILDHOOD ONSET ANOREXIA NERVOSA | 32 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 32 | ||
| REFERENCES | 32 | ||
| 6 - Loss of Control Eating in Children | 35 | ||
| DEFINITION AND PHENOMENOLOGY OF LOSS OF CONTROL | 35 | ||
| DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE EXPERIENCE OF LOC | 35 | ||
| Developmental Contributions to Dietary Restraint in Children and Adolescents | 35 | ||
| Developmental Considerations of Emotion Dysregulation and Distraction in Children | 35 | ||
| The Course of Loss of Control Episodes | 36 | ||
| Measurement of loss of control eating | 36 | ||
| TREATMENT OF LOSS OF CONTROL EATING IN CHILDREN | 37 | ||
| FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN UNDERSTANDING LOC EATING | 37 | ||
| REFERENCES | 38 | ||
| IV ADOLESCENT EATING DISORDERS | 39 | ||
| 7 - Adolescent Eating Disorders—Definition, Symptomatology, and Comorbidity | 39 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 39 | ||
| ANOREXIA NERVOSA | 39 | ||
| Definition | 39 | ||
| Symptomatology | 40 | ||
| BULIMIA NERVOSA | 40 | ||
| Definition | 40 | ||
| Symptomatology | 41 | ||
| Binge Eating Disorder and Loss of Control Eating | 41 | ||
| MEDICAL CONSEQUENCES AND COMORBIDITY WITH MENTAL DISORDERS | 41 | ||
| Somatic Symptoms | 41 | ||
| ENDOCRINE CHANGES | 42 | ||
| ENDOCRINE CHANGES IN EATING DISORDERS18 | 42 | ||
| PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITY IN ADOLESCENT EATING DISORDERS | 43 | ||
| Anxiety Disorders | 43 | ||
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 43 | ||
| Autism Spectrum Disorder | 44 | ||
| Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) | 44 | ||
| Substance Abuse Disorder | 44 | ||
| Suicidality and Self-Injurious Behavior | 44 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 44 | ||
| REFERENCES | 45 | ||
| 8 - Adolescent Obesity and Comorbidity | 47 | ||
| SOMATIC COMORBIDITIES | 47 | ||
| PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND PSYCHIATRIC COMORBIDITIES | 50 | ||
| REFERENCES | 51 | ||
| V EPIDEMIOLOGY | 53 | ||
| 9 - Incidence and Prevalence of Eating Disorders Among Children and Adolescents | 53 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 53 | ||
| WHAT DOES DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY AIM TO DO? | 53 | ||
| INCIDENCE | 54 | ||
| Community-Based Incidence of Eating Disorders | 54 | ||
| Clinical Incidence of Anorexia Nervosa | 54 | ||
| Clinical Incidence of Bulimia Nervosa | 54 | ||
| Has the True Incidence of EDs Increased Over Time Among Adolescents? | 54 | ||
| PREVALENCE | 55 | ||
| Lifetime Prevalence | 55 | ||
| Current Prevalence | 55 | ||
| WHY STUDYING EPIDEMIOLOGY OF EDS IS CHALLENGING | 58 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 60 | ||
| REFERENCES | 61 | ||
| 10 - Development, Tracking, Distribution, and Time Trends in Body Weight During Childhood | 63 | ||
| NATURAL COURSE OF WEIGHT GAIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY | 63 | ||
| TRACKING OF BMI DURING CHILDHOOD AND THROUGH ADULTHOOD | 63 | ||
| Tracking by Age | 63 | ||
| Changes in Tracking Over Birth Cohorts | 63 | ||
| PREVALENCE AND INCIDENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS | 63 | ||
| Prevalence by Sex and Age | 63 | ||
| Changes in Prevalence over Time | 64 | ||
| Incidence of Overweight and Obesity | 64 | ||
| PREVALENCE OF UNDERWEIGHT IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS | 64 | ||
| PERSISTENCE OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY | 64 | ||
| Determinants of Persistence of Overweight and Obesity | 65 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 65 | ||
| REFERENCES | 65 | ||
| VI ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY | 67 | ||
| 11 - Genetics of Eating and Weight Disorders | 67 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 67 | ||
| MAJOR FINDINGS | 68 | ||
| Obesity | 68 | ||
| Anorexia Nervosa | 68 | ||
| Composite Phenotype, Cross-Trait, and Look-Up Studies | 68 | ||
| Composite Phenotype Analyses | 68 | ||
| Cross-Trait Analyses | 68 | ||
| Look-Up Studies | 69 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 69 | ||
| OUTLOOK | 70 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 70 | ||
| REFERENCES | 70 | ||
| 12 - Influence of Hormones on the Development of Eating Disorders | 73 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 73 | ||
| REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES | 73 | ||
| Estradiol and Progesterone | 73 | ||
| Eating disorders | 73 | ||
| VII TREATMENT | 111 | ||
| 18 - Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Adolescent Eating Disorders | 111 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 111 | ||
| RATIONALE BEHIND CBT-E FOR ADOLESCENTS | 111 | ||
| TREATMENT GOALS | 111 | ||
| GENERAL STRATEGIES OF THE TREATMENT | 112 | ||
| TREATMENT STRUCTURE AND MAIN PROCEDURES | 112 | ||
| Preparing Adolescent Patients for Treatment | 112 | ||
| Step 1—Starting Well | 113 | ||
| Step 2—Addressing the Change | 114 | ||
| Step 3—Ending Well | 115 | ||
| PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT | 115 | ||
| ADAPTATION FOR INTENSIVE LEVELS OF CARE | 115 | ||
| EFFECTIVENESS OF CBT-E FOR ADOLESCENTS | 115 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 116 | ||
| REFERENCES | 116 | ||
| 19 - Family-Based Treatment for Adolescent Eating Disorders | 117 | ||
| CORE PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES | 117 | ||
| APPLICATIONS OF FBT | 118 | ||
| Dose of Treatment | 118 | ||
| Target Population | 118 | ||
| Implementation | 119 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 120 | ||
| REFERENCES | 120 | ||
| 20 - Inpatient and Day Patient Treatment of Adolescents With Eating Disorders | 123 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 123 | ||
| TREATMENT SETTINGS | 123 | ||
| Inpatient Treatment | 123 | ||
| Nutritional Rehabilitation | 124 | ||
| Psychotherapy | 124 | ||
| Other Therapeutic Approaches | 125 | ||
| Medication | 125 | ||
| Relapse and Rehospitalization | 125 | ||
| Day Patient Treatment | 126 | ||
| Evidence for Different Treatment Settings | 126 | ||
| Bulimia Nervosa | 126 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 127 | ||
| REFERENCES | 127 | ||
| 21 - Early Intervention for Eating Disorders in Young People | 129 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 129 | ||
| What Is Early Intervention? | 129 | ||
| Why Is Early Intervention Important in Eating Disorders? | 129 | ||
| Laying the Foundations: Learning From Early Intervention in Psychosis | 129 | ||
| Key Concepts and Issues in Early Intervention in Eating Disorders | 130 | ||
| Key Features of Early Intervention in Eating Disorders | 130 | ||
| MAJOR FINDINGS | 131 | ||
| A Systemic Public Health Intervention for Early Intervention in Anorexia Nervosa Across the Life Span | 131 | ||
| A Service-Led Model of Early Intervention for Emerging Adults With EDs | 132 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 133 | ||
| OUTLOOK | 133 | ||
| REFERENCES | 133 | ||
| 22 - Pharmacotherapy of Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents | 135 | ||
| PHARMACOTHERAPY OF EATING DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS | 135 | ||
| Pharmacotherapy of Anorexia Nervosa | 135 | ||
| Antidepressant medications for the treatment of anorexia nervosa | 135 | ||
| Antipsychotic medications for the treatment of anorexia nervosa | 136 | ||
| Other medications used in the treatment of anorexia nervosa | 137 | ||
| Medications used in the treatment of osteopenia in anorexia nervosa | 137 | ||
| Pharmacotherapy of Bulimia Nervosa | 137 | ||
| Antidepressant medication for the treatment of bulimia nervosa | 138 | ||
| Antiepileptics and mood stabilizers for the treatment of bulimia nervosa | 138 | ||
| Other medications used for the treatment of bulimia nervosa | 138 | ||
| Pharmacotherapy for Binge Eating Disorder | 139 | ||
| Antidepressant medications for the treatment of binge eating disorder | 139 | ||
| Other Medication treatments for binge eating disorder | 139 | ||
| Pharmacotherapy for Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder | 139 | ||
| Pharmacotherapy for Rumination Disorder | 139 | ||
| Pharmacotherapy for Pica | 139 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 139 | ||
| REFERENCES | 140 | ||
| 23 - Conventional Weight Loss Programs | 143 | ||
| OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE | 143 | ||
| CONVENTIONAL WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAMS: STATE OF THE ART | 143 | ||
| CONVENTIONAL WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAMS: EVIDENCE | 143 | ||
| CONVENTIONAL WEIGHT LOSS PROGRAMS: PROBLEMS AND LIMITATIONS | 145 | ||
| CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: SUGGESTION FOR A MULTILEVELED TREATMENT APPROACH | 145 | ||
| ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 146 | ||
| REFERENCES | 146 | ||
| 24 - Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery as a Treatment for Adolescent Severe Obesity | 149 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 149 | ||
| Major Findings | 149 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 151 | ||
| OUTLOOK | 151 | ||
| REFERENCES | 151 | ||
| VIII COURSE AND OUTCOME | 153 | ||
| 25 - Staging Model of Eating Disorders | 153 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 153 | ||
| What Is the Evidence to Support a Staging Model for Eating Disorders? | 153 | ||
| High eating disorder risk | 154 | ||
| Ultrahigh risk/prodrome | 154 | ||
| Early stage of illness | 154 | ||
| Full-stage illness | 155 | ||
| Severe and enduring illness | 155 | ||
| Learning and habit formation (neuroadaptation) | 155 | ||
| The brain consequences of starvation and poor nutrition (neuroprogression) | 155 | ||
| Social functioning | 155 | ||
| Clinical Implications | 156 | ||
| CONCLUSION | 156 | ||
| REFERENCES | 156 | ||
| WEB REFERENCE | 157 | ||
| 26 - Outcomes of Anorexic and Bulimic Eating Disorders | 159 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 159 | ||
| Outcomes of Anorexia Nervosa | 159 | ||
| Outcomes of Bulimia Nervosa | 160 | ||
| Recovery | 160 | ||
| Chronicity and diagnostic crossover | 160 | ||
| Multiple follow-ups | 160 | ||
| Chronicity and diagnostic crossover | 161 | ||
| Risk Factors for Unfavorable Outcomes | 161 | ||
| Mortality | 163 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS | 163 | ||
| REFERENCES | 163 | ||
| 27 - Outcome of Childhood Obesity | 165 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 165 | ||
| Hepatic complications | 165 | ||
| Pulmonary complications | 165 | ||
| Musculoskeletal complications | 166 | ||
| Psychologic and psychosocial complications | 166 | ||
| SUMMARY | 166 | ||
| All-cause mortality | 166 | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | 167 | ||
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 167 | ||
| Cancer | 167 | ||
| SUMMARY | 167 | ||
| Weight Patterns from Childhood to Adult Ages and Mortality and Morbidity | 167 | ||
| SUMMARY | 168 | ||
| REFERENCES | 168 | ||
| IX PREVENTION | 171 | ||
| 28 - Eating Disorder Prevention Programs | 171 | ||
| INTRODUCTION | 171 | ||
| Bulimia nervosa | 171 | ||
| Binge eating disorder | 172 | ||
| Purging disorder | 172 | ||
| Evidence-Based Eating Disorder Prevention Programs | 172 | ||
| Body project | 172 | ||
| Healthy weight | 173 | ||
| Student bodies | 173 | ||
| Student Athlete Eating Disorder Prevention Program | 174 | ||
| Mindfulness eating disorder prevention | 174 | ||
| IMPLEMENTATION EFFORTS | 174 | ||
| CONCLUSIONS AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH | 175 | ||
| REFERENCES | 175 | ||
| Index | 179 | ||
| A | 179 | ||
| B | 180 | ||
| C | 180 | ||
| D | 181 | ||
| E | 181 | ||
| F | 182 | ||
| G | 182 | ||
| H | 182 | ||
| I | 182 | ||
| L | 182 | ||
| M | 183 | ||
| N | 183 | ||
| O | 183 | ||
| P | 183 | ||
| Q | 183 | ||
| R | 183 | ||
| S | 184 | ||
| T | 184 | ||
| U | 184 | ||
| V | 184 | ||
| W | 184 | ||
| Y | 184 | ||
| Z | 184 |