BOOK
Life and Death in the Nervous System
C. F. Ibanez | T. Hokfelt | L. Olson | K. Fuxe | H. Jornvall | D. Ottoson
(1995)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Life and Death in the Nervous System
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Life and Death in the Nervous System: Role of Neurotrophic Factors and their\rReceptors | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Table of Contents | v | ||
| Preface | ix | ||
| A Memorial Symposium for Hakan Persson | xiii | ||
| List of Contributors | xvii | ||
| Part I: Structure-Function Relationships and Mechanismsof Action of Neurotrophic Factors | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1. Insights into Neurotrophic Factor Function from Structural Analyses | 3 | ||
| Introduction | 3 | ||
| Identification of New Structural Folds and Motifs | 6 | ||
| Identification of Functionally Important Features | 9 | ||
| Future Prospects and Challenges | 13 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 13 | ||
| References | 14 | ||
| Chapter 2. Functional Analysis of Receptor Binding Determinants in the Neurotrophin Family | 19 | ||
| Introduction | 19 | ||
| Determinants of Binding to p75LNGFR in BDNF, NT-3 and NT-4 | 21 | ||
| Biological Activities of Mutant BDNF and NT-3 Deficient in Binding to p75LNGF | 24 | ||
| Disruption of Binding to p75LNGFR in NT-4 Reduces Responsiveness in Neuronal Cells Co-expressing TrkB and p75LNGF | 28 | ||
| Similarities and Differences in the Way Neurotrophins Interact with p75LNGFR | 28 | ||
| Role of p75LNGFR in Regulating Biological Responsiveness to NT-4 | 32 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 34 | ||
| References | 34 | ||
| Chapter 3. Signal Transduction by Trk Receptors | 37 | ||
| Introduction | 37 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 48 | ||
| References | 48 | ||
| Chapter 4. On the Mechanisms by Which Neurotrophic Factors Regulate Neuronal Survival and Cell Death | 55 | ||
| Introduction | 55 | ||
| Experimental Systems | 56 | ||
| Neuronal Apoptosis | 57 | ||
| Prevention of Apoptotic Death by Neurotrophic Factors: A Post-translational Mechanism for PC12 Cells | 57 | ||
| Death After Withdrawal of Trophic Support: Contrasting Roles of Transcription/Translation In PC12 Cells and Neurons | 58 | ||
| The Cell Cycle/Apoptosis Hypothesis | 58 | ||
| Support for the Cell Cycle/Apoptosis Hypothesis in the Case of Non-Neuronal Cells | 59 | ||
| Concordance of PC1 2 Cell Behavior with the Cell Cycle/Apoptosis Hypothesis: Independence of Apoptosis from Transcription orTranslation Explained | 60 | ||
| Application of the Cell Cycle/Apoptosis Hypothesis to Sympathetic Neurons and Neuronally Differentiated PC12 Cells: Dependence of Apoptosis on Transcription and Translation Explained | 61 | ||
| Current Tests of the Cell Cycle/Apoptosis Hypothesis | 62 | ||
| Oxidative Stress and Trophic Factor Deprivation as a Cause of Neuronal Apoptosis: Convergence of Initially Independent Pathways | 64 | ||
| Conclusions and Perspectives | 65 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 65 | ||
| References | 65 | ||
| Part II: Neurotrophic Factor Receptors: Expression and Function | 69 | ||
| Chapter 5. The Interaction Between the Two Receptors for NGF, p75LNTR and TrkA | 71 | ||
| Introduction | 71 | ||
| The Two NGF Receptors | 72 | ||
| References | 83 | ||
| Chapter 6. Interactions Between NGF Receptors, TrkA and p75 | 87 | ||
| Introduction | 87 | ||
| Results | 88 | ||
| Discussion | 91 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 95 | ||
| References | 95 | ||
| Chapter 7. Receptors and Signaling PathwaysUsed by the Neurotrophins, CNTF and a New Family of Neurotrophic Factors, the EFLs | 99 | ||
| Introduction | 99 | ||
| The Receptor System Used by the Neurotrophins | 101 | ||
| The Receptor System Used by CNTF and Implications for Other Cytokine Receptor Systems | 103 | ||
| Different Classes of Neurotrophic Factors can Collaborate | 106 | ||
| Mice with Disruptions in Genes for Neurotrophic Factors or their Receptors Provide Unexpected Insights into In Vivo Function | 107 | ||
| Identification and Cloning of a New Family of Factors that Utilize the EPH -related Receptor Tyrosine Kinases | 108 | ||
| Conclusions | 109 | ||
| References | 111 | ||
| Chapter 8. Embryonic Expression of Neurotrophin Trk Receptor mRNAsWithin Sensory Neurons: Chicken Development as a Model | 113 | ||
| Introduction | 113 | ||
| Results | 115 | ||
| Discussion | 126 | ||
| References | 129 | ||
| Part III: Development: Proliferation and Differentiation | 131 | ||
| Chapter 9. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and the Developing Chick Retina | 133 | ||
| Introduction | 133 | ||
| Results | 135 | ||
| Discussion | 137 | ||
| References | 140 | ||
| Chapter 10. Neurotrophins in the Developing Avian Visual System | 143 | ||
| Introduction | 143 | ||
| Detection of Neurotrophin mRNA Expression | 144 | ||
| Neurotrophin Expression in the Developing Retina | 145 | ||
| Neurotrophin Expression in Optic Tectum | 149 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 151 | ||
| References | 151 | ||
| Chapter 11. The Regulation and Function of NGFReceptors in Normal and Immortalized Sympathoadrenal Progenitor Cells | 155 | ||
| Introduction | 155 | ||
| The Function of NGF Receptors in Differentiating MAH Cells | 159 | ||
| Neurotrophins Regulate an Ontogenic Switch in Neurotrophin Responsiveness During Sympathetic Development | 161 | ||
| Conclusions | 174 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 176 | ||
| References | 176 | ||
| Chapter 12. Sequential Trophic Regulation of Sympathetic Neuroblast Development by NT-3 and NGF | 181 | ||
| Introduction | 181 | ||
| Results | 182 | ||
| Discussion | 188 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 191 | ||
| References | 191 | ||
| Chapter 13. Effects of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neurotrophin-4 on Embryonic Rat Sensory Neurons | 193 | ||
| Introduction | 193 | ||
| Results | 196 | ||
| Discussion | 199 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 203 | ||
| References | 203 | ||
| Chapter 14. Role of Neurotrophic Factors in Cerebellar Development | 205 | ||
| Introduction | 205 | ||
| Expression of Neurotrophins and Their Receptors in the Rodent Cerebellum | 206 | ||
| Regulation and Action of NT-3 in the Developing Rat Cerebellum | 208 | ||
| Effect of Different Neurotrophins on Survival of Cerebellar Granule Neurons | 209 | ||
| Possible Interactions of the Neurotrophins with Neurotransmitters in the Cerebellum | 210 | ||
| Multiple Neurotrophic Factors are Present in the Developing Cerebellum | 211 | ||
| Conclusions | 212 | ||
| References | 212 | ||
| Chapter 15. Neurotrophins, Depolarization and Second Messengers Interact to Control Serotonergic Neuronal Differentiation | 217 | ||
| Introduction | 217 | ||
| Results | 219 | ||
| Discussion | 225 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 229 | ||
| References | 229 | ||
| Part IV: Control of Neurotrophic Factor Synthesis and Release | 233 | ||
| Chapter 16. Structure and Regulation of BDNF and NT-4 Genes | 235 | ||
| Introduction | 235 | ||
| Structure and Regulation of the BDNF Gene | 237 | ||
| Structure and Regulation of the NT-4 Gene | 247 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 255 | ||
| References | 255 | ||
| Chapter 17. Neurotrophins as Mediators of Neuronal Plasticity | 261 | ||
| Introduction | 261 | ||
| Characterization of Constitutive and Activity-dependent NGF Release from Hippocampal Neurons | 264 | ||
| Localization of NGF Stores in Transfected Hippocampal Neurons in Culture | 267 | ||
| Site of Constitutive and Activity-Dependent NGF Secretion | 268 | ||
| Evidence for a Neurotrophin-Mediated Transmitter Release from Neurons Expressing the Corresponding Trk Receptors | 270 | ||
| Conclusions | 272 | ||
| References | 273 | ||
| Chapter 18. Stimulation of Neurotrophic Factor Expression: Links to Different Forms of Brain Plasticity | 275 | ||
| Introduction | 275 | ||
| Physiological Activity and Expression of Neurotrophic Factor mRNAs | 277 | ||
| Deafferentation and the Expression of Neurotrophic Factor mRNAs | 285 | ||
| Discussion | 289 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 292 | ||
| References | 292 | ||
| Chapter 19. Molecular Determinants of Neurotrophin Actions in the Brain | 297 | ||
| Synergistic Trophic Actions in the Basal Forebrain | 297 | ||
| Regulation of NGF Expression in Hippocampal Astrocytes | 304 | ||
| Summary | 309 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 310 | ||
| References | 310 | ||
| Part V: Gene Knock-Outs | 313 | ||
| Chapter 20. Neurotrophins: Essential Functions In Vivo Characterized by Targeted Gene Mutations | 315 | ||
| Introduction | 315 | ||
| Results | 316 | ||
| Discussion | 325 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 330 | ||
| References | 331 | ||
| Chapter 21. Requirement for Neurotrophin-3 in the Development of the Muscle Proprioceptive System | 335 | ||
| Introduction | 335 | ||
| Results and Discussion | 336 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 342 | ||
| References | 342 | ||
| Chapter 22. Life and Death in Mice Without Trk Neurotrophin Receptors | 345 | ||
| Introduction | 345 | ||
| Structural Features of the Trk Family of Receptors | 346 | ||
| trkA Expression | 351 | ||
| trkB Expression | 351 | ||
| trkC Expression | 352 | ||
| Genetic Analysis of Trk Receptor Function | 354 | ||
| Sensory and Sympathetic Defects in Mice Lacking TrkA Receptors | 354 | ||
| Neuronal Defects in frfcB-Targeted Mice | 356 | ||
| Proprioceptive Defects in Mice Lacking TrkC Receptors | 357 | ||
| References | 358 | ||
| Part VI: Neurotrophic Factor Function In Vivo: Degeneration and Regeneration | 361 | ||
| Chapter 23. Specificity, Synergy and Autocrine Roles of the Neurotrophins and CNTF | 363 | ||
| Introduction | 363 | ||
| Neurotrophin-3 Specificity for Proprioceptive Neurons: Biology and Clinical Implications | 365 | ||
| Synergy of BDNF and CNTF Towards Motor Neurons: Biology and Clinical Implications | 368 | ||
| A BDNF Autocrine Loop Maintains Survival of Adult Neurons | 371 | ||
| Conclusions | 375 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 376 | ||
| References | 376 | ||
| Chapter 24. Therapeutic Use of Neurotrophic Factors | 379 | ||
| Introduction | 379 | ||
| Peripheral Sensory Neuropat | 380 | ||
| Parkinson's Disease | 384 | ||
| Alzheimer's Disease | 385 | ||
| Huntington's Disease | 385 | ||
| Ischemic Stroke and Acute Brain Injury | 386 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 387 | ||
| References | 388 | ||
| Chapter 25. NGF-Dependent Regeneration of Adult Septal Cholinergic Axons into Denervated Hippocampus | 391 | ||
| Introduction | 391 | ||
| References | 398 | ||
| Chapter 26. Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Augments Midbrain Dopaminergic Circuits In Vivo | 401 | ||
| Introduction | 401 | ||
| Results | 403 | ||
| Discussion | 409 | ||
| References | 413 | ||
| Chapter 27. Neurotrophins in Kindling Epilepsy:Neuronal Protection or Induction of Sprouting and Epileptogenesis? | 417 | ||
| Introduction | 417 | ||
| Changes of Neurotrophin and Trk Levels after Kindled Seizures | 418 | ||
| Changes of Neurotrophin and Trk Levels After Other Brain Insults | 422 | ||
| Regulation of Neurotrophin and Trk Gene Expression after BrainInsults | 426 | ||
| Functional Effects of Seizure-Induced Neurotrophin Changes | 428 | ||
| Concluding Remarks | 434 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 434 | ||
| References | 435 | ||
| Concluding Remarks | 439 | ||
| Chapter 28. Future Directions and Clinical Prospects of Neurotrophic Factor Research | 441 | ||
| Introduction | 441 | ||
| New Neurotrophic Factors | 442 | ||
| Intracellular Pathways and Effects | 443 | ||
| Regulation of Synthesis | 443 | ||
| Release of Neurotrophic Factors | 444 | ||
| Trophic Factor Receptors | 445 | ||
| Signal Transduction Mechanisms | 445 | ||
| Sites of Action | 446 | ||
| Preclinical Considerations: Routes of Administration | 447 | ||
| Clinical Trials: Ongoing and Future Possibilities | 449 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 450 | ||
| References | 450 | ||
| Hâkan Persson Publication List | 453 | ||
| Subject Index | 467 | ||
| ` | 232 |