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Abstract
From Christian missionary publications to the media strategies employed by today’s NGOs, this interdisciplinary collection explores the entangled histories of humanitarianism and media. It traces the emergence of humanitarian imagery in the West and investigates how the meanings of suffering and aid have been constructed in a period of evolving mass communication, demonstrating the extent to which many seemingly new phenomena in fact have long historical legacies. Ultimately, the critical histories collected here help to challenge existing asymmetries and help those who advocate a new cosmopolitan consciousness recognizing the dignity and rights of others.
“Based on substantial archival research and informed by relevant theoretical debates, this thought-provoking volume engages the reader in an interdisciplinary exploration of the central role the media have played for humanitarian initiatives, contributing significantly to recent scholarship on the subject”. • Nina Berman, Arizona State University
“This volume consists of timely, useful, original contributions by historians, media scholars and anthropologists that will be essential reading for students”. • Davide Rodogno, Graduate Institute of Geneva
Johannes Paulmann is Director of the Leibniz Institute of European History at Mainz (Germany). He was Richard von Weizsäcker Fellow 2014-15 at St Antony’s College, Oxford, and he edited Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid in the Twentieth Century (2016).
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Half Title | i | ||
| Humanitarianism & Media | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| Figures | vii | ||
| Acknowledgements | ix | ||
| Humanitarianism and Media: Introduction to an Entangled History | 1 | ||
| Part I — Humanitarian Imagery | 39 | ||
| Chapter 1 — Promoting Distant Children in Need: Christian Imagery in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries | 41 | ||
| Chapter 2 — ‘Make the Situation Real to Us without Stressing the Horrors’: Children, Photography and Humanitarianism in the Spanish Civil War | 67 | ||
| Chapter 3 — Humanitarianism on the Screen: The ICRC Films, 1921–65 | 90 | ||
| Chapter 4 — ‘People Who Once were Human Beings Like You and Me’: Why Allied Atrocity Films of Liberated Concentration Camps in 1944–46 Maximized the Horror and Universalized the Victims | 107 | ||
| Chapter 5 — The Polemics of Pity: British Photographs of Berlin, 1945–47 | 126 | ||
| Chapter 6 — The Human Gaze: Photography after 1945 | 151 | ||
| Part II — Humanitarian Media Regimes | 183 | ||
| Chapter 7 — On Fishing in Other People’s Ponds: The Freedom from Hunger Campaign, International Fundraising and the Ethics of NGO Publicity | 185 | ||
| Chapter 8 — Advocacy Strategies of Western Humanitarian NGOs from the 1960s to the 1990s | 201 | ||
| Chapter 9 — Humanitarianism and Revolution: Samed, the Palestine Red Crescent Society and the Work of Liberation | 222 | ||
| Chapter 10 — Mediatization of Disasters and Humanitarian Aid in the Federal Republic of Germany | 240 | ||
| Chapter 11 — NGOs, Celebrity Humanitarianism and the Media: Negotiating Conflicting Perceptions of Aid and Development during the ‘Ethiopian Famine’ | 263 | ||
| Chapter 12 — The Audience of Distant Suffering and the Question of (In)Action | 281 | ||
| Index | 299 |