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Apprenticeship Level 3 Electrotechnical (Installation and Maintainence) Learner Handbook A

Apprenticeship Level 3 Electrotechnical (Installation and Maintainence) Learner Handbook A

JTL Training

(2018)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Apprenticeship Level 3 Electrotechnical (Installation and Maintainence) Learner Handbook A

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Front Cover Front Cover
Contents iii
Introduction iv
Features of the book vi
Acknowledgements vii
Chapter 1: Understand health, safety and environmental considerations 1
1: Understand how relevant legislation applies in the workplace 2
Health and safety legislation 2
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HASAWA) 2
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 4
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (EAWR) 4
Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 7
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) 10
Work at Height Regulations 2005 (amended 2007) 11
Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 15
Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amended 2002) 16
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) 17
Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 17
Construction (Design & Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM) 18
Environmental legislation 20
The Environmental Protection Act 1990 20
Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 21
The Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 (PPC) 21
The Control of Pollution Act 1989 21
The Environment Act 1995 22
The Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005 and The List of Waste Regulations 2005 22
The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 23
The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Regulations 2013 25
2: Procedures for dealing withEnvironmental and Health and Safety situations in the work environment 27
Responsible bodies and persons 28
Appropriate responsible persons to report health and safety issues 30
What to do if there’s an accident or emergency 33
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR) 33
Accident and emergency procedures 39
Summoning the emergency services 40
The application of fi rst aid and Basic Life Support (BLS) 40
First-aid kits 40
First-aid facilities 41
Providing first aid at work 42
Fire safety 48
What is fire? 48
How fire happens 48
Fire prevention 50
Firefighting 50
Extinguishers 50
Work activities and their eff ect on the environment 53
Climate change 53
Understand how work methods and procedures can reduce material waste and impact on the environment 54
The importance of reporting hazards to the environment 54
Reducing material waste and using environmentally friendly materials, products and procedures 54
The Building Regulations 58
Dealing with waste 59
3: Procedures for establishing a safe working environment 62
How do you prevent accidents? 62
Hazard or risk? 62
Producing risk assessments 62
How to assess risks in the workplace 63
Risk assessments for young people 66
Procedures for working in accordance with risk assessments, method statements and safe systems of working 67
Permit to Work 68
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 70
When should I wear PPE? 75
Safe practices and procedures 76
Identifying and dealing with hazards in the work environment 78
Electricity (including temporary supplies and trailing leads and cables) 78
Slippery or uneven surfaces 87
Presence of dust and fumes 89
Prevention 90
Control 90
Handling, transport and storage of tools, equipment and materials 91
Untidy working and storage 92
Lifting and moving 93
Pushing and pulling 98
General risk assessment guidelines 98
Working at height 100
Ladders and stepladders 100
Trestles 105
Podium steps and mobile platforms 105
Mobile scaffold towers 106
Scissor and boom lifts 108
Roof work and fragile surfaces 108
Safety harnesses 109
Safety nets and soft -landing systems 109
Working in excavations 110
4. Identifying and dealing with hazards in the work environment 112
Dangerous occurrences and hazardous malfunctions of equipment 112
Contaminants and irritants 112
Labelling and packaging 113
Substance identification 113
Assessment 114
Prevention 115
Control 115
Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) 115
Procedures for dealing with presence of asbestos 116
Chapter 2: Understand how to plan and oversee electrical work activities 121
1: Requirements for liaising with others when organising and overseeing work activities 122
Teamwork 122
The construction industry ‘team’ 122
The electrotechnical industry 123
The electrical contracting industry structure 123
Employer structure 125
Communication 126
What are the benefits of good communication? 126
Letter and report writing 127
Hints and tips for good writing 128
Report writing 129
Organisational procedures for completing documentation 132
Job sheets 132
Variation Orders 132
Day-work sheets 133
Time sheets 134
Purchase orders 134
Delivery notes 135
Site reports, memos and minutes of meetings 136
Access for personnel 136
Communicating with a purpose 137
Motivation 137
Instruction 138
Monitoring 139
Co-operation 139
Team development 139
Determining the competence of operatives 141
Checking competency cards 141
Checking technical qualifications 142
Appropriateness of diff erent customer relations, methods and procedures 143
Who is your customer? 143
Customer relations 143
2: Requirements for organising and overseeing work programmes 146
Project roles and responsibilities 146
The design stage 146
The tendering stage 147
The construction stage 149
Limits of responsibility for supplying technical and functional information 152
How a work programme is developed 152
Specifications 154
Layout drawings and their interpretation 154
Planning work allocations, operative duties and co-ordination with other services and personnel 158
Consequences of not completing work on time or meeting requirements of the programme of work 158
Producing and illustrating work programmes 159
Charts 160
Critical path analysis 161
Project management and completing a work plan 164
Rescheduling work 165
Industry standards and legislation relevant to the installation of electrotechnical systems and equipment 166
Specialist guidance 166
Employment legislation 172
3: Requirements for organising the provision and storage of required resources 177
Chapter 3: Electrical scientific principles and technologies 181
1 and 2: Units of measurement and mathematical principles appropriate to electrical installation, maintenance and design work 182
SI units 182
SI unit prefixes 184
Identify and apply appropriate mathematical concepts 185
Basic rules 185
Powers of 10 187
Other powers of numbers 189
Fractions 191
Algebra 196
Rules for algebra 197
Indices 197
Transposition 199
Triangles and trigonometry 201
Angles 201
Triangles 203
Trigonometry 204
Statistics 207
Charts 207
3: Basic mechanics and the relationship between force, work, energy and power 212
The difference between mass and weight 212
Mass 212
Weight 212
Principles of basic mechanics 212
Levers 212
Velocity ratio 216
Main principles and calculating values of force, work, energy, power and efficiency 217
Force 217
Work 217
Energy 218
Power 219
Efficiency 220
4: The relationship between resistance, resistivity, voltage, current and power 222
Basic principles of electron theory 222
States of matter 222
Molecules and atoms 223
Identifying and differentiating between insulators and conductors 225
Insulators 225
Conductors 225
Applying electron theory to electrical circuits 226
Measuring electricity 226
The electric circuit 227
Electron flow and conventional current flow 227
Potential difference 228
Controlling a circuit 229
Chemical and thermal effects of electrical currents 230
The causes of an electric current 230
The effects of an electric current 230
Resistance and resistivity in relation to electrical circuits 232
Ohm’s Law 233
Resistivity 233
Current, voltage and resistance in parallel and series circuits 235
Series circuits 235
Calculation with a series circuit 236
Parallel circuits 237
Series/parallel circuits 239
Voltage drop 241
Power 241
Kilowatt hour 244
Efficiency 245
Instruments and measurement 245
5: Fundamental principles which underp in the relationship between magnetism and electricity 254
Magnetic effects of electrical currents 254
The permanent magnet 254
The electromagnet 256
The relay 258
Force between current-carrying conductors 260
Force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field 260
The solenoid 263
Electromagnetic induction 264
The DC generator 266
What is alternating current? 268
The AC generator 269
Alternating current or direct current? 270
Reason 1 270
Reason 2 271
6: Types, applications and limitations of electronic components in electrotechnical systems and equipment 272
Resistors 272
Fixed resistors 272
Variable resistors 274
Preferred values 275
Resistance markings 276
Resistor coding 277
Standard colour code 277
Testing resistors 279
Resistors as current limiters 279
Resistors for voltage control 280
Power ratings 283
Light-dependent resistors 284
Thermistors 284
Thermocouples 285
Capacitors 286
Basic principles 286
Capacitor types 287
Capacitor coding 290
Polarity 293
Electrostatics and calculations with capacitors 293
Capacitors in combination 293
Charging and discharging capacitors 295
The charging phase 295
Semiconductor devices 297
Semiconductor basics 297
The p–n junction 298
Zener diode 298
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) 300
Photo cell and light-dependent resistor 301
Photodiode 301
Opto-coupler 302
Infrared source and sensor 302
Fibre optic link 303
Diode testing 304
Rectification 306
Half-wave rectification 306
Full-wave rectification 306
Smoothing 307
Thyristors, diacs and triacs 309
Thyristors 309
The triac 312
The diac 312
Lamp dimmer circuit 312
Transistors 314
Transistor basics 314
Transistor operation 315
Transistor as a switch 318
Testing transistors 321
Field effect transistors (FETs) 322
Component positional reference 323
Inverters 323
Integrated circuits 324
Operating principles of components and devices 325
Security and fire alarms 325
Telephones 325
Dimmer switches 326
Heating controls 326
Electronic motor control 326
Wireless control systems 327
7: Electrical supply systems 328
How electricity is generated and transmitted for domestic and industrial/commercial consumption 328
Features and characteristics of transmission and distribution 329
Final distribution to the customer 329
Generating electricity from other sources 330
Solar photovoltaic 330
Wind energy generation 332
Micro (small scale) hydro generation 333
Air and ground source heat pumps 333
Micro combined heat and power (Micro-CHP) unit 335
Grey water recycling 335
Rainwater harvesting 336
Biomass heating 337
Solar water heating 338
Voltage management 338
Cells and batteries 339
Geothermal generation 340
Wave generated electricity 340
Operating principles, applications and limitations of transformers 341
Mutual inductance 341
Transformer types 342
Step-up and step-down transformers 345
Safety isolating transformer 345
8: How different electrical properties can affect circuits, systems and equipment 349
Characteristics of supplies 349
Alternating current theory 349
Instantaneous value 349
Average value 349
Peak value 349
Peak to peak value 349
Root mean square (r.m.s.) or effective value of a waveform (voltage and current) 350
Frequency and period 351
Power factor 352
Explain the relationship between, and calculate, resistance, inductance, capacitance and impedance 352
Resistance (R) and phasor representation 352
Inductance (L) 353
Capacitance (C) 355
Phasors 356
Impedance 357
Resistance and inductance in series (RL) 359
Resistance and capacitance in series (RC) 361
Resistance, inductance and capacitance in series (RLC) 363
Resistance, inductance and capacitance in parallel 364
Power in an AC circuit 366
The power triangle 368
Characteristics of electrical supplies 370
Three-phase supplies 370
Neutral currents 373
Load balancing 373
Power in three-phase supplies 375
Power factor correction (PFC) 378
9: The operating principles and applications of DC machines and AC motors 379
Basic types, applications and operating principles of DC machines 379
The commutator 380
Reversing a DC motor 382
Types of DC motor 382
Operating principles, basic types, applications and limitations of AC motors 384
The series-wound (universal) motor 385
Three-phase AC induction motors 386
Motor speed and slip calculation 397
Synchronous motors 400
Motor windings 400
Operating principles, limitations and applications of motor control 401
The Direct-On-Line (DOL) starter 402
Remote stop/start control 405
Hand-operated star–delta starter 406
Automatic star-delta starter 407
Soft starters 409
The auto-transformer starter 409
The rotor-resistance starter 410
Motor speed control 410
Speed control of AC induction motors 411
10: Understand the operating principles of electrical components 413
11: The principles and applications ofelectrical lighting systems 414
Operating principles, types, limitations and applications of luminaires 414
The bayonet cap 414
The Edison Screw cap 415
Halogen lamp caps 415
Low pressure mercury (fluorescent) caps 416
Incandescent lamps – GLS and tungsten halogen 416
Discharge lighting 419
Compact (energy saving) fluorescent lamps 425
LED lighting 426
Regulations concerning lighting circuits 426
Basic principles of illumination 429
Measuring light 429
The lumen method 431
The inverse square law 432
Lambert’s cosine law 433
12: The principles and applications of electrical heating 435
Water heating systems 435
Cistern-type (storage) 436
Non-pressure (storage) 436
Instantaneous 437
Environment and building management control 441
Central heating systems and controls 441
Heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) 444
Student Book answers 451
Multiple-choice questions 455
Glossary 457
Index 461
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