BOOK
Apprenticeship Level 3 Electrotechnical (Installation and Maintainence) Learner Handbook A
(2018)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Apprenticeship Level 3 Electrotechnical (Installation and Maintainence) Learner Handbook A
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | Front Cover | ||
Contents | iii | ||
Introduction | iv | ||
Features of the book | vi | ||
Acknowledgements | vii | ||
Chapter 1: Understand health, safety and environmental considerations | 1 | ||
1: Understand how relevant legislation applies in the workplace | 2 | ||
Health and safety legislation | 2 | ||
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (HASAWA) | 2 | ||
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 | 4 | ||
Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (EAWR) | 4 | ||
Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 | 7 | ||
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations 2002 (COSHH) | 10 | ||
Work at Height Regulations 2005 (amended 2007) | 11 | ||
Personal Protective Equipment at Work Regulations 1992 | 15 | ||
Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (as amended 2002) | 16 | ||
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 (PUWER) | 17 | ||
Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 | 17 | ||
Construction (Design & Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM) | 18 | ||
Environmental legislation | 20 | ||
The Environmental Protection Act 1990 | 20 | ||
Control of Asbestos Regulations 2012 | 21 | ||
The Pollution Prevention and Control Act 1999 (PPC) | 21 | ||
The Control of Pollution Act 1989 | 21 | ||
The Environment Act 1995 | 22 | ||
The Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005 and The List of Waste Regulations 2005 | 22 | ||
The Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 | 23 | ||
The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Regulations 2013 | 25 | ||
2: Procedures for dealing withEnvironmental and Health and Safety situations in the work environment | 27 | ||
Responsible bodies and persons | 28 | ||
Appropriate responsible persons to report health and safety issues | 30 | ||
What to do if there’s an accident or emergency | 33 | ||
Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR) | 33 | ||
Accident and emergency procedures | 39 | ||
Summoning the emergency services | 40 | ||
The application of fi rst aid and Basic Life Support (BLS) | 40 | ||
First-aid kits | 40 | ||
First-aid facilities | 41 | ||
Providing first aid at work | 42 | ||
Fire safety | 48 | ||
What is fire? | 48 | ||
How fire happens | 48 | ||
Fire prevention | 50 | ||
Firefighting | 50 | ||
Extinguishers | 50 | ||
Work activities and their eff ect on the environment | 53 | ||
Climate change | 53 | ||
Understand how work methods and procedures can reduce material waste and impact on the environment | 54 | ||
The importance of reporting hazards to the environment | 54 | ||
Reducing material waste and using environmentally friendly materials, products and procedures | 54 | ||
The Building Regulations | 58 | ||
Dealing with waste | 59 | ||
3: Procedures for establishing a safe working environment | 62 | ||
How do you prevent accidents? | 62 | ||
Hazard or risk? | 62 | ||
Producing risk assessments | 62 | ||
How to assess risks in the workplace | 63 | ||
Risk assessments for young people | 66 | ||
Procedures for working in accordance with risk assessments, method statements and safe systems of working | 67 | ||
Permit to Work | 68 | ||
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | 70 | ||
When should I wear PPE? | 75 | ||
Safe practices and procedures | 76 | ||
Identifying and dealing with hazards in the work environment | 78 | ||
Electricity (including temporary supplies and trailing leads and cables) | 78 | ||
Slippery or uneven surfaces | 87 | ||
Presence of dust and fumes | 89 | ||
Prevention | 90 | ||
Control | 90 | ||
Handling, transport and storage of tools, equipment and materials | 91 | ||
Untidy working and storage | 92 | ||
Lifting and moving | 93 | ||
Pushing and pulling | 98 | ||
General risk assessment guidelines | 98 | ||
Working at height | 100 | ||
Ladders and stepladders | 100 | ||
Trestles | 105 | ||
Podium steps and mobile platforms | 105 | ||
Mobile scaffold towers | 106 | ||
Scissor and boom lifts | 108 | ||
Roof work and fragile surfaces | 108 | ||
Safety harnesses | 109 | ||
Safety nets and soft -landing systems | 109 | ||
Working in excavations | 110 | ||
4. Identifying and dealing with hazards in the work environment | 112 | ||
Dangerous occurrences and hazardous malfunctions of equipment | 112 | ||
Contaminants and irritants | 112 | ||
Labelling and packaging | 113 | ||
Substance identification | 113 | ||
Assessment | 114 | ||
Prevention | 115 | ||
Control | 115 | ||
Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) | 115 | ||
Procedures for dealing with presence of asbestos | 116 | ||
Chapter 2: Understand how to plan and oversee electrical work activities | 121 | ||
1: Requirements for liaising with others when organising and overseeing work activities | 122 | ||
Teamwork | 122 | ||
The construction industry ‘team’ | 122 | ||
The electrotechnical industry | 123 | ||
The electrical contracting industry structure | 123 | ||
Employer structure | 125 | ||
Communication | 126 | ||
What are the benefits of good communication? | 126 | ||
Letter and report writing | 127 | ||
Hints and tips for good writing | 128 | ||
Report writing | 129 | ||
Organisational procedures for completing documentation | 132 | ||
Job sheets | 132 | ||
Variation Orders | 132 | ||
Day-work sheets | 133 | ||
Time sheets | 134 | ||
Purchase orders | 134 | ||
Delivery notes | 135 | ||
Site reports, memos and minutes of meetings | 136 | ||
Access for personnel | 136 | ||
Communicating with a purpose | 137 | ||
Motivation | 137 | ||
Instruction | 138 | ||
Monitoring | 139 | ||
Co-operation | 139 | ||
Team development | 139 | ||
Determining the competence of operatives | 141 | ||
Checking competency cards | 141 | ||
Checking technical qualifications | 142 | ||
Appropriateness of diff erent customer relations, methods and procedures | 143 | ||
Who is your customer? | 143 | ||
Customer relations | 143 | ||
2: Requirements for organising and overseeing work programmes | 146 | ||
Project roles and responsibilities | 146 | ||
The design stage | 146 | ||
The tendering stage | 147 | ||
The construction stage | 149 | ||
Limits of responsibility for supplying technical and functional information | 152 | ||
How a work programme is developed | 152 | ||
Specifications | 154 | ||
Layout drawings and their interpretation | 154 | ||
Planning work allocations, operative duties and co-ordination with other services and personnel | 158 | ||
Consequences of not completing work on time or meeting requirements of the programme of work | 158 | ||
Producing and illustrating work programmes | 159 | ||
Charts | 160 | ||
Critical path analysis | 161 | ||
Project management and completing a work plan | 164 | ||
Rescheduling work | 165 | ||
Industry standards and legislation relevant to the installation of electrotechnical systems and equipment | 166 | ||
Specialist guidance | 166 | ||
Employment legislation | 172 | ||
3: Requirements for organising the provision and storage of required resources | 177 | ||
Chapter 3: Electrical scientific principles and technologies | 181 | ||
1 and 2: Units of measurement and mathematical principles appropriate to electrical installation, maintenance and design work | 182 | ||
SI units | 182 | ||
SI unit prefixes | 184 | ||
Identify and apply appropriate mathematical concepts | 185 | ||
Basic rules | 185 | ||
Powers of 10 | 187 | ||
Other powers of numbers | 189 | ||
Fractions | 191 | ||
Algebra | 196 | ||
Rules for algebra | 197 | ||
Indices | 197 | ||
Transposition | 199 | ||
Triangles and trigonometry | 201 | ||
Angles | 201 | ||
Triangles | 203 | ||
Trigonometry | 204 | ||
Statistics | 207 | ||
Charts | 207 | ||
3: Basic mechanics and the relationship between force, work, energy and power | 212 | ||
The difference between mass and weight | 212 | ||
Mass | 212 | ||
Weight | 212 | ||
Principles of basic mechanics | 212 | ||
Levers | 212 | ||
Velocity ratio | 216 | ||
Main principles and calculating values of force, work, energy, power and efficiency | 217 | ||
Force | 217 | ||
Work | 217 | ||
Energy | 218 | ||
Power | 219 | ||
Efficiency | 220 | ||
4: The relationship between resistance, resistivity, voltage, current and power | 222 | ||
Basic principles of electron theory | 222 | ||
States of matter | 222 | ||
Molecules and atoms | 223 | ||
Identifying and differentiating between insulators and conductors | 225 | ||
Insulators | 225 | ||
Conductors | 225 | ||
Applying electron theory to electrical circuits | 226 | ||
Measuring electricity | 226 | ||
The electric circuit | 227 | ||
Electron flow and conventional current flow | 227 | ||
Potential difference | 228 | ||
Controlling a circuit | 229 | ||
Chemical and thermal effects of electrical currents | 230 | ||
The causes of an electric current | 230 | ||
The effects of an electric current | 230 | ||
Resistance and resistivity in relation to electrical circuits | 232 | ||
Ohm’s Law | 233 | ||
Resistivity | 233 | ||
Current, voltage and resistance in parallel and series circuits | 235 | ||
Series circuits | 235 | ||
Calculation with a series circuit | 236 | ||
Parallel circuits | 237 | ||
Series/parallel circuits | 239 | ||
Voltage drop | 241 | ||
Power | 241 | ||
Kilowatt hour | 244 | ||
Efficiency | 245 | ||
Instruments and measurement | 245 | ||
5: Fundamental principles which underp in the relationship between magnetism and electricity | 254 | ||
Magnetic effects of electrical currents | 254 | ||
The permanent magnet | 254 | ||
The electromagnet | 256 | ||
The relay | 258 | ||
Force between current-carrying conductors | 260 | ||
Force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field | 260 | ||
The solenoid | 263 | ||
Electromagnetic induction | 264 | ||
The DC generator | 266 | ||
What is alternating current? | 268 | ||
The AC generator | 269 | ||
Alternating current or direct current? | 270 | ||
Reason 1 | 270 | ||
Reason 2 | 271 | ||
6: Types, applications and limitations of electronic components in electrotechnical systems and equipment | 272 | ||
Resistors | 272 | ||
Fixed resistors | 272 | ||
Variable resistors | 274 | ||
Preferred values | 275 | ||
Resistance markings | 276 | ||
Resistor coding | 277 | ||
Standard colour code | 277 | ||
Testing resistors | 279 | ||
Resistors as current limiters | 279 | ||
Resistors for voltage control | 280 | ||
Power ratings | 283 | ||
Light-dependent resistors | 284 | ||
Thermistors | 284 | ||
Thermocouples | 285 | ||
Capacitors | 286 | ||
Basic principles | 286 | ||
Capacitor types | 287 | ||
Capacitor coding | 290 | ||
Polarity | 293 | ||
Electrostatics and calculations with capacitors | 293 | ||
Capacitors in combination | 293 | ||
Charging and discharging capacitors | 295 | ||
The charging phase | 295 | ||
Semiconductor devices | 297 | ||
Semiconductor basics | 297 | ||
The p–n junction | 298 | ||
Zener diode | 298 | ||
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) | 300 | ||
Photo cell and light-dependent resistor | 301 | ||
Photodiode | 301 | ||
Opto-coupler | 302 | ||
Infrared source and sensor | 302 | ||
Fibre optic link | 303 | ||
Diode testing | 304 | ||
Rectification | 306 | ||
Half-wave rectification | 306 | ||
Full-wave rectification | 306 | ||
Smoothing | 307 | ||
Thyristors, diacs and triacs | 309 | ||
Thyristors | 309 | ||
The triac | 312 | ||
The diac | 312 | ||
Lamp dimmer circuit | 312 | ||
Transistors | 314 | ||
Transistor basics | 314 | ||
Transistor operation | 315 | ||
Transistor as a switch | 318 | ||
Testing transistors | 321 | ||
Field effect transistors (FETs) | 322 | ||
Component positional reference | 323 | ||
Inverters | 323 | ||
Integrated circuits | 324 | ||
Operating principles of components and devices | 325 | ||
Security and fire alarms | 325 | ||
Telephones | 325 | ||
Dimmer switches | 326 | ||
Heating controls | 326 | ||
Electronic motor control | 326 | ||
Wireless control systems | 327 | ||
7: Electrical supply systems | 328 | ||
How electricity is generated and transmitted for domestic and industrial/commercial consumption | 328 | ||
Features and characteristics of transmission and distribution | 329 | ||
Final distribution to the customer | 329 | ||
Generating electricity from other sources | 330 | ||
Solar photovoltaic | 330 | ||
Wind energy generation | 332 | ||
Micro (small scale) hydro generation | 333 | ||
Air and ground source heat pumps | 333 | ||
Micro combined heat and power (Micro-CHP) unit | 335 | ||
Grey water recycling | 335 | ||
Rainwater harvesting | 336 | ||
Biomass heating | 337 | ||
Solar water heating | 338 | ||
Voltage management | 338 | ||
Cells and batteries | 339 | ||
Geothermal generation | 340 | ||
Wave generated electricity | 340 | ||
Operating principles, applications and limitations of transformers | 341 | ||
Mutual inductance | 341 | ||
Transformer types | 342 | ||
Step-up and step-down transformers | 345 | ||
Safety isolating transformer | 345 | ||
8: How different electrical properties can affect circuits, systems and equipment | 349 | ||
Characteristics of supplies | 349 | ||
Alternating current theory | 349 | ||
Instantaneous value | 349 | ||
Average value | 349 | ||
Peak value | 349 | ||
Peak to peak value | 349 | ||
Root mean square (r.m.s.) or effective value of a waveform (voltage and current) | 350 | ||
Frequency and period | 351 | ||
Power factor | 352 | ||
Explain the relationship between, and calculate, resistance, inductance, capacitance and impedance | 352 | ||
Resistance (R) and phasor representation | 352 | ||
Inductance (L) | 353 | ||
Capacitance (C) | 355 | ||
Phasors | 356 | ||
Impedance | 357 | ||
Resistance and inductance in series (RL) | 359 | ||
Resistance and capacitance in series (RC) | 361 | ||
Resistance, inductance and capacitance in series (RLC) | 363 | ||
Resistance, inductance and capacitance in parallel | 364 | ||
Power in an AC circuit | 366 | ||
The power triangle | 368 | ||
Characteristics of electrical supplies | 370 | ||
Three-phase supplies | 370 | ||
Neutral currents | 373 | ||
Load balancing | 373 | ||
Power in three-phase supplies | 375 | ||
Power factor correction (PFC) | 378 | ||
9: The operating principles and applications of DC machines and AC motors | 379 | ||
Basic types, applications and operating principles of DC machines | 379 | ||
The commutator | 380 | ||
Reversing a DC motor | 382 | ||
Types of DC motor | 382 | ||
Operating principles, basic types, applications and limitations of AC motors | 384 | ||
The series-wound (universal) motor | 385 | ||
Three-phase AC induction motors | 386 | ||
Motor speed and slip calculation | 397 | ||
Synchronous motors | 400 | ||
Motor windings | 400 | ||
Operating principles, limitations and applications of motor control | 401 | ||
The Direct-On-Line (DOL) starter | 402 | ||
Remote stop/start control | 405 | ||
Hand-operated star–delta starter | 406 | ||
Automatic star-delta starter | 407 | ||
Soft starters | 409 | ||
The auto-transformer starter | 409 | ||
The rotor-resistance starter | 410 | ||
Motor speed control | 410 | ||
Speed control of AC induction motors | 411 | ||
10: Understand the operating principles of electrical components | 413 | ||
11: The principles and applications ofelectrical lighting systems | 414 | ||
Operating principles, types, limitations and applications of luminaires | 414 | ||
The bayonet cap | 414 | ||
The Edison Screw cap | 415 | ||
Halogen lamp caps | 415 | ||
Low pressure mercury (fluorescent) caps | 416 | ||
Incandescent lamps – GLS and tungsten halogen | 416 | ||
Discharge lighting | 419 | ||
Compact (energy saving) fluorescent lamps | 425 | ||
LED lighting | 426 | ||
Regulations concerning lighting circuits | 426 | ||
Basic principles of illumination | 429 | ||
Measuring light | 429 | ||
The lumen method | 431 | ||
The inverse square law | 432 | ||
Lambert’s cosine law | 433 | ||
12: The principles and applications of electrical heating | 435 | ||
Water heating systems | 435 | ||
Cistern-type (storage) | 436 | ||
Non-pressure (storage) | 436 | ||
Instantaneous | 437 | ||
Environment and building management control | 441 | ||
Central heating systems and controls | 441 | ||
Heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) | 444 | ||
Student Book answers | 451 | ||
Multiple-choice questions | 455 | ||
Glossary | 457 | ||
Index | 461 | ||
Back Cover | Back Cover |