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Book Details
Abstract
There is great interest in the novel mass-transport properties of graphene-based membrane materials, especially for environmental applications such as wastewater treatment and reuse, gas separation and water desalination.
Graphene-based Membranes for Mass Transport Applications is a comprehensive overview of the research in this area. Starting with current state-of-the-art membrane-based filtration and separation technologies, the book then explores the structure, composition and general properties of graphene-based membranes including nanoporous graphene and graphene oxide followed by the selective mass transport properties of the membranes. The final chapters look at their specific use in barrier applications, purification and separation applications and water desalination.
Edited by leading researchers, the book provides an introduction and reference to physicists, chemists, material scientists, chemical engineers and students who are entering or already working in the field of graphene-based membrane materials.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Contents | ix | ||
| Chapter 1: Current State-of-the-art Membrane Based Filtration and Separation Technologies | 1 | ||
| 1.1 Introduction | 1 | ||
| 1.2 Membrane Based Separation Processes | 3 | ||
| 1.2.1 Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration | 4 | ||
| 1.2.2 Nanofiltration | 4 | ||
| 1.2.2.1 Aqueous Nanofiltration | 4 | ||
| 1.2.2.2 Organic Solvent Nanofiltration | 6 | ||
| 1.2.3 Desalination | 7 | ||
| 1.2.3.1 Reverse Osmosis | 7 | ||
| 1.2.3.2 Membrane Distillation | 8 | ||
| 1.2.4 Pervaporation | 9 | ||
| 1.2.5 Gas Separation | 10 | ||
| References | 11 | ||
| Chapter 2: Graphene-based Membranes | 14 | ||
| 2.1 Introduction | 14 | ||
| 2.2 Porous Graphene Membranes | 15 | ||
| 2.2.1 Perfect Single-layer Graphene | 15 | ||
| 2.2.2 Molecular Simulation Studies | 16 | ||
| 2.2.3 Experimental Studies | 18 | ||
| 2.3 Graphene Laminate Membranes | 20 | ||
| 2.3.1 Fabrication Methods | 20 | ||
| 2.3.2 Tuning Nanostructures | 23 | ||
| 2.3.3 Separation Applications | 28 | ||
| 2.4 Graphene Hybrid Membranes | 35 | ||
| 2.4.1 Graphene Oxide/Polymer Hybrid Membranes | 35 | ||
| 2.4.2 Graphene Oxide/MOF Hybrid Membranes | 38 | ||
| 2.5 Conclusions | 38 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 39 | ||
| References | 39 | ||
| Chapter 3: Mass Transport Across Atomically Thin Membranes | 43 | ||
| 3.1 Introduction | 43 | ||
| 3.2 Gas Transport Across Porous Graphene Membranes | 45 | ||
| 3.3 Liquid Transport Across Porous Graphene Membranes | 54 | ||
| 3.3.1 Water Transport Across Porous Graphene Membranes | 54 | ||
| 3.3.2 Ion Transport Across Nanoporous Graphene | 56 | ||
| 3.4 Proton and Atomic Species Transport Across Atomically Thin Membranes | 64 | ||
| 3.5 Conclusion | 69 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 72 | ||
| References | 73 | ||
| Chapter 4: Selective Mass Transport Properties of Graphene Oxide Lamellar Membranes | 76 | ||
| 4.1 Transport Properties of Water Through GO Membranes | 76 | ||
| 4.2 Transport Properties of Dissolved Solutes in Water Through GO Membranes | 83 | ||
| 4.3 Transport Properties of Gas Atoms and Molecules Through GO Membranes | 91 | ||
| 4.4 Concluding Remarks | 93 | ||
| References | 94 | ||
| Chapter 5: Mechanisms of Selective Mass Transport through Graphene Oxide Membranes | 97 | ||
| 5.1 Introduction | 97 | ||
| 5.1.1 Selective Fluidic Transport in Nanoscale Channels | 97 | ||
| 5.1.2 Graphene Oxides and Graphene Oxide Membranes | 99 | ||
| 5.2 Mechanisms of Selective Mass Transport | 101 | ||
| 5.2.1 Liquid | 101 | ||
| 5.2.2 Gas | 105 | ||
| 5.2.3 Ions | 108 | ||
| 5.3 Perspectives | 110 | ||
| References | 112 | ||
| Chapter 6: Mass Transport Properties of Composite Membranes Containing Graphene Oxide Nanosheets | 115 | ||
| 6.1 Introduction | 115 | ||
| 6.2 Mass Transport Through Graphene Oxide/Polymer Composite Membranes | 121 | ||
| 6.2.1 GO Laminate Embedded in Polymeric Membrane | 122 | ||
| 6.2.1.1 Gas Separation | 122 | ||
| 6.2.1.2 Fuel Cell Exchange Membrane | 124 | ||
| 6.2.1.3 Liquid Separation (Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Pervaporation) | 126 | ||
| 6.2.2 Polymer Molecular Modified GO Membrane | 127 | ||
| 6.3 Mass Transport Through Graphene Oxide/Nanoparticle Composite Membranes | 129 | ||
| 6.4 Mass Transport Through Graphene Oxide/Nanowire or Nanotube Composite Membranes | 130 | ||
| 6.4.1 Graphene Oxide/Nanowire Composite Membranes | 130 | ||
| 6.4.2 Graphene Oxide/Carbon Nanotube Composite Membranes | 134 | ||
| 6.5 Mass Transport Through Graphene Oxide/Other Inorganic Nanosheet Composite Membranes | 135 | ||
| 6.6 Conclusion | 136 | ||
| References | 137 | ||
| Chapter 7: Graphene-based Membranes for Barrier Applications | 140 | ||
| 7.1 Introduction | 140 | ||
| 7.2 Barrier Membranes Based on Perfect Graphene Lattice | 141 | ||
| 7.3 Barrier Applications Based on CVD Graphene Membranes | 143 | ||
| 7.3.1 Antioxidation and Anticorrosion Barriers | 143 | ||
| 7.3.2 Barrier Applications in Microelectronics | 145 | ||
| 7.4 Barrier Applications of GO, rGO and their Composites | 148 | ||
| 7.4.1 Gas Barriers | 149 | ||
| 7.4.2 Anticorrosion and Antifouling Barriers | 153 | ||
| 7.5 Conclusions and Outlook | 157 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 158 | ||
| References | 158 | ||
| Chapter 8: Graphene-based Membranes for Purification and Separation Applications | 163 | ||
| 8.1 Introduction | 163 | ||
| 8.2 Graphene-based Membranes | 164 | ||
| 8.2.1 Challenges and Opportunities for Graphene Family Membranes | 165 | ||
| 8.3 Graphene Oxide Membranes | 166 | ||
| 8.3.1 Structure of GO | 166 | ||
| 8.3.2 Preparation of Graphene Oxide | 169 | ||
| 8.3.3 Commonly Used Characterization Methods | 172 | ||
| 8.3.3.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) | 172 | ||
| 8.3.3.2 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) | 172 | ||
| 8.3.3.3 Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy | 173 | ||
| 8.3.3.4 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) | 174 | ||
| 8.3.3.5 Other Measurements of Mass Transport Graphene-based Membranes | 174 | ||
| 8.3.4 Properties of Graphene Oxide | 175 | ||
| 8.3.5 Graphene Oxide Membranes as Ion and Molecule Sieves | 176 | ||
| 8.3.6 Graphene Oxide Membranes for Gas Separation | 178 | ||
| 8.3.7 Graphene Oxide for Desalination | 180 | ||
| 8.4 Summary | 183 | ||
| References | 183 | ||
| Chapter 9: Graphene-based Membranes for Water Desalination Applications | 188 | ||
| 9.1 Introduction | 188 | ||
| 9.2 Properties and Synthesis of Graphene-family Nanomaterials | 190 | ||
| 9.3 Fabrication of Graphene-based Membranes | 194 | ||
| 9.4 Performance of Graphene-based Membranes | 195 | ||
| 9.4.1 Reverse Osmosis | 195 | ||
| 9.4.2 Forward Osmosis | 198 | ||
| 9.4.3 Membrane Distillation | 201 | ||
| 9.4.4 Pervaporation | 202 | ||
| 9.4.5 Computational Studies | 205 | ||
| 9.5 Challenges and Concluding Remarks | 206 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 208 | ||
| References | 208 | ||
| Chapter 10: Graphene and 2D Materials Based Membranes for Water Treatment | 211 | ||
| 10.1 Introduction | 211 | ||
| 10.2 Membrane Processes for Water Desalination: A Brief Outlook | 212 | ||
| 10.3 Porous Graphene as a Precursor for Ultrathin Membranes | 213 | ||
| 10.4 Graphene and Water Desalination | 215 | ||
| 10.5 Potential use of 2D Materials in Advanced Membrane Contactor Operations | 218 | ||
| 10.6 2D Materials Beyond Graphene for Ion Filtering | 219 | ||
| 10.7 Conclusions | 221 | ||
| References | 221 | ||
| Subject Index | 225 |