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Songs of Social Protest

Songs of Social Protest

Aileen Dillane | Martin J. Power | Eoin Devereux | Amanda Haynes

(2018)

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Book Details

Abstract

Songs of Social Protest is a comprehensive, cutting-edge companion guide to music and social protest globally. Bringing together established and emerging scholars from a range of fields, it explores a wide range of examples of, and contexts for, songs and their performance that have been deployed as part of local, regional and global social protest movements, both in historical and contemporary times. Topics covered include:

  • Aesthetics
  • Authenticity
  • African American Music
  • Anti-capitalism
  • Community & Collective Movements
  • Counter-hegemonic Discourses
  • Critical Pedagogy
  • Folk Music
  • Identity
  • Memory
  • Performance
  • Popular Culture

Encompassing nuanced historical-political-economic contextualizations and detailed ethnographic, socio-musicological analysis, this comprehensive book offers new and critical perspectives on genres already associated with protest alongside explorations of rich music traditions which may not be readily familiar to Western readers interested in protest movements and song. By placing historical approaches alongside cutting-edge ethnography, philosophical excursions alongside socio-political and economic perspectives, and cultural context alongside detailed, musicological, textual, and performance analysis, Songs of Social Protest offers a dynamic resource for scholars and students exploring song and singing as a form of protest.
Music has a unique power. But why and how can music develop such an energy that public articulation of protest is almost unthinkable without it? Whether American 1960s folk music or Indian activist movements in the new millenium – this unique collection dissects the interconnections of music and political articulation from any possible perspetive. The findings are globally more relevant than ever.
Britta Sweers, Professor of Cultural Anthropology of Music at the University of Bern
From the outset the coverage of Songs of Social Protest is exciting and comprehensive. It brings to life the social, cultural and personal engagement of popular music across genres and historical periods. The book evokes the power of social struggle and the passion of musical artists who want to change the social world.
Shane Blackman, Professor of Cultural Studies at Canterbury Christ Church University
Songs of Social Protest is unprecedented in its international and multidisciplinary scope. It questions any single definition of the protest song, considering sound and performance as well as lyrics. It grounds the agency of songs in social movements, organizations, socialism, feminism and the politics of self-determination. Anyone asking the question ‘Where have all the protest songs gone?’ should start here.
Nabeel Zuberi, Associate Professor in the Department of Media and Communication at the University of Auckland
To hear the songs of social protest in this remarkable volume is to discover renewed purpose in a world whose ideals are now at greatest risk. These are the songs of local struggle and the voices of the global collective, calling us to action and sounding the ways to endow music with power in our own day and beyond.
Philip V. Bohlman, Mary Werkman Distinguished Service Professor of Music and the Humanities, The University of Chicago
Aileen Dillane is a Lecturer at the Irish World Academy of Music and Dance, University of Limerick, Ireland.

Martin J Power is a Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Limerick, Ireland.

Eoin Devereux is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Limerick, Ireland.

Amanda Haynes is a Senior Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Limerick.

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Songs of Social Protest i
Series page ii
Songs of Social Protest: International Perspectives iii
Copyright page iv
Contents v
Foreword ix
Introduction 1
Protest and the \nAfrican American Experience 11
Chapter 1 13
Social Protest and Resistance in African American Song 13
The Oral Tradition 16
Language 17
Georgia Sea Island Singers 18
From Jim Crow to the Civil Rights Movement 22
Conclusions 26
Notes 27
Chapter 2 28
“You’ll Never Hear Kumbaya the Same Way Again” 28
Didn’t My Lord Deliver Daniel? 29
Come By Hyar 30
Which Side Are You On? 31
Singing Their Freedom 34
The Kumbaya Law 37
Black Liberation Then and Now 39
Taking Back “the real Kumbaya” 41
Notes 42
Chapter 3 44
Billie Holiday’s Popular Front Songs of Protest 44
“Strange Fruit,” Café Society and the Left 45
“High Art” From Below 47
“Strange Fruit” for Billie Holiday 49
God Bless the Child 51
Race, Class, and the Musician as Organic Intellectual 53
Conclusion 56
Notes 57
Protest Genealogies 61
Chapter 4 63
Songs of Social Protest, Then and Now 63
Sociology and Music 63
Songs and Protest 64
Charismatic Leaders and the Transformation of Folk Songs 66
Social Movements 67
Popular Music as Protest Music 70
Conclusion 73
Note 74
Chapter 5 75
Pete Seeger and the Politics of Participation 75
The Road to a Constructionist Approach 77
Rethinking “Political Music” 78
Audience Participation as Democratic Practice 79
Theorizing Audience Participation 82
Adorno Redux 84
Notes 85
Chapter 6 87
The Radicalisation of Phil Ochs, the Radicalisation of the Sixties 87
The Birth of a Radical 88
Reform, Resistance, Revolution 89
Radical Reform and Civil Rights 90
Student Power and Resistance 92
Goodbye to All That Liberalism 94
The Ringing of Revolution 95
Conclusion 98
Chapter 7 100
Ewan MacColl’s Radio Ballads as Songs of Social Protest 100
Ewan MacColl: from dramatist to songwriter 102
The Radio Ballad concept 104
John Axon and the poetry of everyday speech 106
Work and identity 108
Tape editing and heteroglossia 110
Against pop culture: On the Edge (1963) 113
Conclusion 116
Notes 116
Chapter 8 118
‘Message Songs are a Drag’ 118
Notes 130
Transforming Traditions 133
Chapter 9 135
Expressions of Māʻohi-ness in Contemporary Tahitian Popular Music 135
Expressions of Political and Social \nProtest in Tahiti 136
The Māʻohi Cultural Identity 137
The Tahitian Musical Landscape 140
Henri Hiro and his Intellectual Descendants 142
Orality 143
ʻAparima, Literature and Traditional Arts 144
Bobby Holcomb 145
Aldo Raveino 146
The Emergence of a new Generation of Musicians 147
Notes 149
Chapter 10 152
Casteism and Cultural Capital 152
Religious Songs as Social Songs 153
Songs of Mysticism 155
Songs of Devotion 156
Devotion as Obedience 157
Spiritual Autonomy 158
Moral Transformation as Societal Transformation 159
Dietary Abstinence and “Sanskritization” 160
Purity as Resistance 161
The Reformation of a Criminal Caste 162
Rediscovering “Roots” 163
Conclusion 165
Notes 166
Chapter 11 168
Singing Against the Empire 168
Licentiousness, Power and Possibility: Understanding the Anti-structure of Song 170
Máire Bhuí Ní Laeire (Yellow Mary O’Leary) and Singing Anti-colonial Discourse in Nineteenth-century Ireland 173
Moments in Time (Out of Time): Oral Performance, the Narrative of the Past and Contemporary Political Mobilisation Through Song 175
Conclusion: Performance, Regeneration and Traditions of Thought in Orality 181
Notes 182
Freedom and Autonomy 185
Chapter 12 187
“Organic Intellectuals” 187
The Emancipatory Role of Protest Songs: Theoretical Insights 188
The Portuguese Dictatorship: Establishing Hegemony 189
The Emergence of Protest Songs in Portugal 192
Resisting Salazarism Through Music: Deconstructing Hegemonic Narratives 194
Impact of Protest Songs 196
Conclusion 200
Notes 201
Chapter 13 203
Singing Protest in Post-war Italy 203
The Birth of the Canzone d’Autore 204
Dominance of Lyrics over Music in the Canzone d’Autore 205
Cantautori as Public Intellectuals 206
Lyrics and Social Impact 207
Fabrizio De André 208
The Social Impact of De André’s Work Constructed through his Lyrics 209
Storia di un Impiegato (Story of a White-Collar Worker) 209
Le Nuvole—A side 211
Dialects as a Means of Resistance: Indiano and Crêuza de Mä 212
Le Nuvole—B side 215
Conclusion 216
Notes 216
Chapter 14 219
The Trajectory of Protest Song from Dictatorship to Democracy and the Independence Movement in Catalonia 219
Catalan New Song, the Beginnings 221
“L’Estaca” 1968. The Musical and Lyrical Appeal of the Song 223
After “L’Estaca”: Repression of Catalan New Song 225
The Transitional Period and Democracy in Spain 226
Rejection of Catalan New Song: Is There a Place for Protest Song in a Democratic Society? 227
The Independence Movement in Catalonia 228
Contemporary Catalan Musical Production 231
Notes 232
Chapter 15 234
Making the Everyday Political 234
State Formation: A Historical and Socio-Political Contextualisation 236
Sampling Methods and Analysis Procedures 237
Song-Performances in the Protest Movement for Telangana State Formation: Gaddar 238
Venkanna and the Performance of Boundaries 243
Padmavathi and Student Protests 246
Conclusion 247
Notes 249
Politics, Participation and Activism in the Field 253
Chapter 16 255
“Freedom is a Constant Struggle” 255
“Where have all the protest songs gone?”: (In)Audibility In Social Movement Theory 257
Musical Performance and APF’s Emergence 259
The Liberation Song in South Africa 260
Adapting Freedom Songs Post-Apartheid 262
“It will go down as far as your own strength”: Singing APF’s Declining Years 266
Music In the Wake of Mobilisation 267
Notes 269
Chapter 17 271
Cultural Production as a Political Act 271
The Production of Art as a Political Act 273
Bandista, A Music Collective 275
Street, Square, Night: Collectiveness in Production 276
Composing: Transferring, translating, taking from collective memory 277
Writing the lyrics: Completing each other’s sentences 278
Playing, singing, recording 282
Sharing the songs, expanding the collective 282
Conclusion 283
Notes 285
Chapter 18 288
Hip-Hop as Civil Society 288
Ugandan Hip Hop and the Informal Civil 289
Hip Hop Identity and Community: Spaces of Activism 291
Escapism and Excess: The Site of the Oppositional 296
Conclusion 299
Notes 300
Semiotics, Mediation and Manipulation 301
Chapter 19 303
BOOM! Goes the Global Protest Movement 303
System of A Down 304
Violence 305
Persona 306
Detachment 307
Analysis of the song 308
Analysis of the video 310
Director Michael Moore 314
Industry 315
Conclusion 316
Notes 317
Chapter 20 320
Pussy Riot 320
Pussy Riot and the Avant-Garde 322
Pussy Riot and Riot Grrrl 323
Performing “Punkness” 325
Response from the West 326
Pussy Riot in Russia 329
Performance in the Media 330
From Black Lives Matter to Global Appropriation 331
Conclusion 332
Notes 333
Chapter 21 334
Camp Fascism 334
Camp Fascism as Protest 335
Identifying Industrial Music 338
Protesting Neoliberal Control: Throbbing Gristle, Laibach and Marilyn Manson 340
Conclusion 350
Notes 352
Chapter 22 354
Protest Songs, Social Media and the Exploitation of Syrian Children 354
The Syrian Conflict 355
Children and War 357
Music and War 358
Syria’s Songs of War 358
Methods 359
Syrian Children’s War Songs 360
Unshūdat Aṭfāl al-Shām أنشودة اطفال الشّام 361
Abkī ‘ala Shām il-Hawa أبكي على شام الهوى 362
Nasmat al-Thawra نسمة الثورة 363
Firqat Barā‘im al-Thawra30 فرقة براعم الثورة 364
The Child Abbas الطفل عباس 365
Conclusion 366
Notes 367
Protesting Bodies and Embodiment 371
Chapter 23 373
“Bread and Roses” 373
Bread and Roses and The Lawrence Textile Strike 374
A Socio-Musical Lens: Adorno on Protest Music 376
Dialectical Musical Meaning 378
Considering ‘Bread and Roses’ through a Musicological Prism 379
Collective Singing 385
Conclusion 387
Notes 389
Chapter 24 390
“We Shall Overcome” 390
A Brief History 390
Pete Seeger and “We Shall Overcome” 392
Overall Importance of the “Freedom Songs” 393
Rhythm, Freedom Songs and Entrainment 395
Song, Singing and Communal Identity 397
Song, Community and Communal Performance 398
Conclusion 400
Notes 402
Borderlands and Contested Spaces 405
Chapter 25 407
The Language We Use 407
“I face my race”: Representing Morrissey as Protest Singer in the Borderlands 409
Ozomatli’s Gay Vatos in Love as Celebratory Protest: What’s Morrissey Got to Do With It? 413
‘He sings about me, and I like his style:’ Morrissey and Trans-Butch Protest in Whittier Boulevard 415
Conclusion 418
Notes 419
Chapter 26 422
Rising from the Ashes of “The Grove” 422
Methodology 423
Contextualizing Chávez Ravine 424
Protest songs of Chávez Ravine 426
Conclusion 431
Notes 432
Chapter 27 435
Mariem Hassan, Nubenegna Records and the Western Saharawi Struggle 435
Contextualisation of Hassan’s music in the Western Saharawi refugee camps in Algeria 435
Nubenegra and Hassan: A story of political support through Western Saharawi protest songs 437
The study of cross-cultural music and protest songs 438
Mediation as a way of analysing the interaction between musicians for the preparation of musical performances 439
Collective communication as a form of mediation: Musical construction in Hassan’s performance of El Aaiun Egdat 441
Main musical arrangements produced by each musician for live performances and which differed from their contribution in the album El Aaiun Egdat 443
Another form of collective communication: Interactive live performances as \na trio at Festival du Sahel (Senegal) 446
Representing Hassan’s music and her political cause: Stage talk to present songs during musical performances 448
Conclusion 450
Notes 451
Critiquing Capitalism and the Neoliberal Tide 453
Chapter 28 455
Against the Grain 455
Ireland a Middle-Class Nation? 457
Boom & Bust in Ireland—Hegemonic \nDiscourses 458
Counter Hegemonic Discourses 459
Damien Dempsey—A Class Warrior? 460
Re-imagining “Celtic Tiger” Ireland 462
Old Materials, New Contexts, Irish Cosmopolitanism 465
‘Community’—Challenging the Hegemony of ‘Economy’ 465
Conclusion 468
Notes 469
Chapter 29 473
Bail Out—From Now to Never—\nA Rhetorical Analysis of Two Songs About Economic Crisis 473
Reggae as Protest Music 474
Artists and Background 475
Walter Rodney and International Debt Relief and Economic Crisis in Jamaica 476
International Debt Relief and Economic Crisis in Greece 478
Big Youth Bail Out 479
Now To Never by One Drop Forward 482
Conclusion 486
Notes 487
Chapter 30 489
The Cacophony of Critique 489
New Model Army: A Tradition of Protest 491
Protest and Critique 492
NMA’s Lyrics 497
Conclusion 504
Notes 505
Ideology and the Performer 507
Chapter 31 509
“Aesthetics of Resistance”1 509
Social Protest 510
Song as a Mechanism of Protest 511
Billy Bragg 512
Ideology 514
Meritocracy: A Fair and Equitable Society? 516
Ideology: A Reading 517
Conclusions 520
Notes 522
Chapter 32 525
Straight to Hell 525
“Something about England” 526
Broadway 530
Lost in the Supermarket 535
Up in Heaven (Not Only Here) 537
Conclusion 539
Notes 540
Chapter 33 541
The Truth Must be Told So I’ll Tell It 541
Paddy’s Lamentation 542
Ewan MacColl and the British Folk Revival 544
Woody Guthrie and the US Protest Tradition 549
Conclusion: the Transmission of Tradition as Radical Praxis 555
Notes 556
Discography/ Filmography 561
Bibliography 571
Index 650
Contributors 670