BOOK
Neuroradiology
Juan E. Small | Daniel L. Noujaim | Daniel T. Ginat | Hillary R. Kelly | Pamela W. Schaefer
(2018)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Acquire a better understanding of disease evolution and treatment response with Neuroradiology Spectrum and Evolution of Disease. The unique format includes carefully chosen clinical images that depict the pathologic evolution of disease from initial presentation across the continuum of progression. Colorful graphics plot characteristic changes, helping you visualize how normal and abnormal variations alter over time. Extensive illustrations and concise descriptions distill complex concepts, making this first-of-its-kind resource an excellent tool for imaging interpretation and clinical problem solving.
- Presents neurologic disease from a novel imaging perspective, emphasizing evolutionary development and pointing out patterns to recognize.
- Provides a state-of-the-art understanding of image interpretation based on early, middle, and late imaging characteristics; typical and atypical variants; and pre-treatment, post-treatment, progression, and regression characteristics.
- Guides you through the progression of disease with chronological indicators, additional clinical images and descriptions, and annotations that highlight atypical findings – for an easy-to-digest, visually memorable presentation.
- Helps you correctly interpret specific imaging characteristics you have never seen, even when the disease process is one you are familiar with.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | cover | ||
Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
Neuroradiology | i | ||
Copyright Page | iv | ||
Dedication | v | ||
Contributors | vi | ||
Preface | viii | ||
Acknowledgments | ix | ||
Table Of Contents | x | ||
I Brain | 1 | ||
Parenchymal Hemorrhage and Trauma | 1 | ||
1 Brain Parenchymal Hematoma Evolution | 1 | ||
Introduction | 1 | ||
Temporal Evolution: Overview | 1 | ||
Temporal Evolution: in Greater Depth | 1 | ||
A Note on Gradient Echo Sequences | 1 | ||
Suggested Reading | 5 | ||
2 Subdural Hemorrhage and Posttraumatic Hygroma | 6 | ||
Introduction | 6 | ||
Subdural Hematoma Evolution: Overview | 7 | ||
Subdural Hematoma Evolution: In Greater Depth | 12 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 12 | ||
Suggested Reading | 19 | ||
Disorders of Cerebral Vascular Autoregulation | 20 | ||
3 Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome | 20 | ||
Introduction | 20 | ||
Evolution: Overview | 20 | ||
Imaging Appearance | 20 | ||
Complications | 29 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 30 | ||
Suggested Reading | 32 | ||
Arteriopathy | 32 | ||
4 Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy | 32 | ||
Introduction | 32 | ||
Epidemiology, Pathology, and Clinical Presentation | 32 | ||
Clinical and Imaging Features | 33 | ||
Overview | 33 | ||
In Greater Depth | 33 | ||
Hemorrhagic Manifestations of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy | 33 | ||
Nonhemorrhagic Manifestations of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy | 33 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 35 | ||
Risk Factors and Treatment | 35 | ||
References | 40 | ||
Metabolic Disorders | 41 | ||
5 Wernicke Encephalopathy | 41 | ||
Introduction | 41 | ||
Wernicke Encephalopathy Imaging Evolution: Overview | 41 | ||
Wernicke Encephalopathy Imaging Variants | 41 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 41 | ||
References | 46 | ||
6 Central Pontine Myelinolysis | 46 | ||
Introduction | 46 | ||
Imaging Pattern | 47 | ||
Temporal Evolution: Overview | 47 | ||
Acute Phase | 47 | ||
Subacute Phase | 48 | ||
Chronic Phase | 48 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 48 | ||
Suggested Reading | 50 | ||
Infection | 50 | ||
7 Herpes Simplex Encephalitis | 50 | ||
Introduction | 50 | ||
Temporal Evolution: Overview | 51 | ||
Temporal Evolution: in Greater Depth | 51 | ||
Atypical Presentations | 53 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 53 | ||
Acute Cerebral Ischemia-Infarction | 53 | ||
Limbic Encephalitis | 53 | ||
Human Herpesvirus 6 Encephalitis | 53 | ||
Postictal Changes | 55 | ||
References | 55 | ||
8 Toxoplasmosis | 56 | ||
Introduction | 56 | ||
Imaging Findings | 56 | ||
Evolution of Disease | 56 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 57 | ||
References | 60 | ||
9 Neurocysticercosis | 61 | ||
Introduction | 61 | ||
Life Cycle | 61 | ||
Parenchymal Neurocysticercosis Evolution: Overview | 61 | ||
Noncystic | 61 | ||
Vesicular | 61 | ||
Colloidal Vesicular | 61 | ||
Granular-Nodular Stage | 62 | ||
Calcified Nodular Stage | 65 | ||
Classification According to Location | 65 | ||
Parenchymal | 69 | ||
Subarachnoid-Cisternal | 69 | ||
Intraventricular | 69 | ||
Spinal | 69 | ||
Muscular | 69 | ||
Orbital | 69 | ||
Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 69 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 69 | ||
Clinical Manifestations | 80 | ||
Summary | 80 | ||
References | 80 | ||
Autoimmune/Inflammatory Disorders | 80 | ||
10 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis | 80 | ||
Introduction | 80 | ||
Pathophysiology and Histology | 81 | ||
Imaging Appearance | 81 | ||
Variants | 88 | ||
Multiphasic Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis | 88 | ||
Tumefactive Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis | 88 | ||
Acute Hemorrhagic Encephalomyelitis (Weston-Hurst Disease) | 88 | ||
Poststreptococcal Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis | 88 | ||
Complications | 88 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 88 | ||
Multiple Sclerosis | 88 | ||
Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy | 92 | ||
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome | 92 | ||
Encephalitis/Encephalopathy | 92 | ||
Vascular Causes | 92 | ||
Suggested Reading | 96 | ||
11 Autoimmune Encephalitis | 96 | ||
Introduction | 96 | ||
Autoimmune Encephalitis Subtypes: Overview | 96 | ||
Imaging Findings | 97 | ||
Limbic Encephalitis | 97 | ||
Cerebellitis | 98 | ||
Basal Ganglia Encephalitis | 98 | ||
BrainStem Encephalitis | 98 | ||
Other Imaging Findings | 101 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 101 | ||
Conclusion | 102 | ||
References | 103 | ||
12 Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy | 103 | ||
Introduction | 103 | ||
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Imaging Evolution | 103 | ||
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Imaging Variants | 104 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 104 | ||
References | 107 | ||
13 Central Nervous System–Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome | 108 | ||
Introduction | 108 | ||
Central Nervous System–Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Imaging Spectrum | 108 | ||
Rare Forms of Central Nervous System–Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome | 110 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 112 | ||
References | 114 | ||
14 Neurosarcoidosis | 115 | ||
Introduction | 115 | ||
Neurosarcoidosis: In Greater Depth | 115 | ||
Neuroimaging Evolution: Overview | 116 | ||
Brain Involvement | 117 | ||
Cranial Nerve Involvement | 117 | ||
Leptomeningeal Involvement | 117 | ||
Pachymeningeal Involvement | 117 | ||
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Involvement | 117 | ||
Spine | 117 | ||
Bones | 127 | ||
Complications | 127 | ||
Vascular | 127 | ||
Hydrocephalus | 127 | ||
Infection | 131 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 131 | ||
Summary | 132 | ||
References | 135 | ||
Suggested Readings | 135 | ||
Tumors | 136 | ||
15 Treated Gliomas | 136 | ||
Introduction | 136 | ||
Surgical and Therapeutic Options: Overview | 136 | ||
Intraoperative Imaging | 136 | ||
Postsurgical Changes | 136 | ||
Immediate Postoperative Period: Pearls and Pitfalls | 136 | ||
Laser-Induced Thermotherapy | 137 | ||
Local Chemotherapy or Brachytherapy | 137 | ||
Foreign Body Reactions and Textilomas | 139 | ||
Radiation-Related Abnormalities | 139 | ||
Early Postradiation Changes (Pseudoprogression) | 139 | ||
Definition and Epidemiology | 139 | ||
Pathophysiology | 141 | ||
Imaging Findings | 141 | ||
Delayed Postradiation Changes | 142 | ||
Definition and Epidemiology | 142 | ||
Pathophysiology | 142 | ||
Radiation Necrosis | 142 | ||
Radiation Vasculopathy | 142 | ||
Strokelike Migraine Attacks After Radiation Therapy Syndrome | 142 | ||
Useful Advanced Imaging Techniques and Protocols | 142 | ||
Changes Related to Antiangiogenic Therapies | 146 | ||
Background | 146 | ||
Pseudoresponse | 146 | ||
Patterns of Failure During Antiangiogenic Treatment | 146 | ||
Optimal Imaging Techniques and Protocols | 146 | ||
Other Changes Related to Antiangiogenic Therapies | 147 | ||
Immunotherapy, Checkpoint Inhibitors, and Other Therapeutic Options | 147 | ||
Immunotherapy-Related Changes | 147 | ||
Introduction | 147 | ||
Pseudoprogression and Other Reported Abnormalities | 149 | ||
Checkpoint Inhibitors | 149 | ||
Introduction | 149 | ||
Pseudoprogression and Autoimmunity | 149 | ||
Summary | 149 | ||
References | 152 | ||
16 Hemangioblastoma | 153 | ||
Background | 153 | ||
Types of Hemangioblastoma | 153 | ||
Imaging Appearance | 153 | ||
Stages of Evolution in Hemangioblastoma | 154 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 154 | ||
Conclusion | 154 | ||
Suggested Reading | 157 | ||
Ventricular System Alterations | 158 | ||
17 Intracranial Hypotension | 158 | ||
Introduction | 158 | ||
Evolution: Overview | 158 | ||
Evolution: In Greater Depth | 160 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 160 | ||
References | 162 | ||
18 Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri) | 163 | ||
Introduction | 163 | ||
Evolution: Overview | 163 | ||
Evolution: in Greater Depth | 164 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 164 | ||
References | 166 | ||
Pituitary Abnormalities | 167 | ||
19 Partially Empty Sella | 167 | ||
Introduction | 167 | ||
II Spine | 189 | ||
Degenerative Disease | 189 | ||
23 Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament | 189 | ||
Introduction | 189 | ||
Pathophysiology and Natural History: Overview | 189 | ||
Evolution | 189 | ||
Distribution | 189 | ||
Pathologic Classification and Imaging Features | 189 | ||
Rate of Progression | 189 | ||
Pathophysiology | 189 | ||
Treatment and Complications | 191 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 197 | ||
Suggested Reading | 199 | ||
24 Lumbar Interbody Fusion | 199 | ||
Introduction | 199 | ||
Overview | 199 | ||
Interbody Fusion Approaches and Techniques | 199 | ||
Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion | 200 | ||
Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion | 200 | ||
Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion | 201 | ||
Lumbar Interbody Fusion Devices | 201 | ||
Natural Evolution in Depth | 201 | ||
Computed Tomography Evaluation of Interbody Fusion | 202 | ||
Computed Tomography Evaluation of Posterolateral Fusion | 204 | ||
Overall Assessment and Complications | 204 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 204 | ||
Suggested Reading | 208 | ||
Posttraumatic Effects | 208 | ||
25 Kummel Disease | 208 | ||
Introduction | 208 | ||
Stages of Evolution: Overview | 208 | ||
Kummel Disease Evolution: in Greater Depth | 208 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 208 | ||
Summary | 213 | ||
Suggested Reading | 213 | ||
Infection | 213 | ||
26 Discitis-Osteomyelitis | 213 | ||
Introduction | 213 | ||
Imaging Evolution: Overview | 214 | ||
Imaging Evolution: in Greater Depth | 214 | ||
Early Disease (1 to 3 Weeks) | 214 | ||
Late Disease (Weeks to Months) | 214 | ||
Posttreatment and Follow-Up | 215 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 216 | ||
Suggested Reading | 221 | ||
27 Tuberculous Spinal Infection | 222 | ||
Introduction | 222 | ||
Imaging Evolution: Overview | 222 | ||
Imaging Evolution: in Greater Depth | 224 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 225 | ||
Suggested Reading | 226 | ||
Bone Lesions | 226 | ||
28 Chordoma | 226 | ||
Introduction | 226 | ||
Evolution: Overview | 226 | ||
Spectrum: Overview | 227 | ||
Spectrum: in Greater Depth | 228 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 228 | ||
References | 232 | ||
29 Vertebral Hemangioma | 232 | ||
Introduction | 232 | ||
Evolution: Overview | 232 | ||
Evolution: in Greater Depth | 232 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 235 | ||
References | 236 | ||
Cord Lesions | 236 | ||
30 Syringohydromyelia | 236 | ||
Introduction | 236 | ||
Imaging: Overview | 237 | ||
Pathophysiology | 237 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 239 | ||
References | 240 | ||
31 Spinal Cord Infarction | 241 | ||
Introduction | 241 | ||
Evolution: Overview | 241 | ||
Vascular Anatomy | 241 | ||
Clinical Syndromes | 242 | ||
Evolution: in Greater Depth | 244 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 246 | ||
References | 249 | ||
32 Subacute Progressive Ascending Myelopathy | 250 | ||
Introduction | 250 | ||
Temporal Evolution: Overview | 250 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 251 | ||
Suggested Readings | 254 | ||
Cord Tumors | 254 | ||
33 Spinal Cord Ependymoma | 254 | ||
Introduction | 254 | ||
Spectrum of Disease | 254 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 254 | ||
Treatment and Temporal Evolution | 255 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 256 | ||
Suggested Reading | 266 | ||
34 Spinal Cord Astrocytoma | 266 | ||
Introduction | 266 | ||
Evolution: Overview | 266 | ||
Evolution: in Greater Depth | 271 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 272 | ||
Suggested Reading | 277 | ||
Spine Deformity | 277 | ||
35 Hirayama Disease | 277 | ||
Introduction | 277 | ||
Overview | 277 | ||
In Greater Depth | 278 | ||
Neutral Position Imaging Findings | 278 | ||
Natural History of Hirayama Disease | 281 | ||
Differential Diagnosis | 282 | ||
Suggested Readings | 282 | ||
36 Dorsal Thoracic Arachnoid Abnormalities | 282 | ||
Introduction | 282 | ||
Anatomic Principles of the Spinal Meninges | 282 | ||
Arachnoid-Related Abnormalities in Greater Depth | 283 | ||
Arachnoid Cysts and Pouches | 283 | ||
Arachnoid Bands and Webs | 285 | ||
Natural History and Evolution | 286 | ||
Mimics | 287 | ||
Neurenteric Cyst | 287 | ||
Epidermoid Cyst | 287 | ||
Neurocysticercosis | 288 | ||
Arachnoiditis | 289 | ||
Ventral Cord Herniation | 289 | ||
Summary | 290 | ||
Suggested Readings | 290 | ||
III Head and Neck | 291 | ||
Infection | 291 | ||
37 Orbital Infection | 291 | ||
Introduction | 291 | ||
Periorbital Cellulitis | 292 | ||
Orbital Cellulitis | 292 | ||
Subperiosteal Abscess | 292 | ||
Intraorbital Abscess | 292 | ||
Dacryocystitis | 293 | ||
Dacryoadenitis | 293 | ||
Endophthalmitis | 294 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 294 | ||
Periorbital Cellulitis | 294 | ||
Orbital Cellulitis | 294 | ||
Intraorbital Abscess | 294 | ||
Subperiosteal Abscess | 296 | ||
Dacryocystitis | 296 | ||
Dacryoadenitis | 297 | ||
Endophthalmitis | 297 | ||
Suggested Readings | 297 | ||
38 Recurrent Suppurative Thyroiditis Due to Piriform Sinus Fistula | 298 | ||
Introduction | 298 | ||
Temporal Evolution: Overview | 298 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 298 | ||
Suggested Readings | 302 | ||
Inflammatory Disorders | 302 | ||
39 Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy | 302 | ||
Introduction | 302 | ||
Evolution: Overview | 302 | ||
Evolution: In Greater Depth | 302 | ||
Pathogenesis: In Depth | 304 | ||
Variant: Isolated Orbital Adipose Expansion | 306 | ||
Variant: Lacrimal Gland | 306 | ||
Posttreatment: Decompression | 306 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 306 | ||
Mimic: Orbital Pseudotumor | 307 | ||
References | 307 | ||
40 IgG4-Related Disease in the Head and Neck | 308 | ||
Introduction | 308 | ||
Background | 308 | ||
Epidemiology | 308 | ||
Histopathology | 308 | ||
Boston Criteria | 309 | ||
Japanese Criteria | 309 | ||
Temporal Evolution: Overview | 309 | ||
Temporal Evolution: in Greater Depth | 309 | ||
Küttner Tumor (Localized Salivary) | 309 | ||
Mikulicz Disease (Diffuse/Multiglandular Salivary) | 309 | ||
Orbit | 309 | ||
Thyroid (Riedel Thyroiditis) | 309 | ||
Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis | 310 | ||
Diagnosis and Differential | 310 | ||
Küttner Tumor (Localized Salivary) | 310 | ||
Mikulicz Disease (Diffuse Salivary and Lacrimal) | 310 | ||
Orbit | 310 | ||
Thyroid (Riedel Thyroiditis) | 311 | ||
Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis | 314 | ||
Other Head and Neck Manifestations of IgG4-Related Disease | 316 | ||
Suggested Reading | 317 | ||
References | 317 | ||
41 Sjögren Syndrome | 318 | ||
Introduction | 318 | ||
Temporal Evolution: Overview | 318 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 319 | ||
Suggested Readings | 321 | ||
42 Cholesteatoma | 322 | ||
Introduction | 322 | ||
Temporal Evolution: Overview | 322 | ||
Temporal Evolution: in Greater Depth | 322 | ||
Pars Flaccida | 322 | ||
Pars Tensa | 324 | ||
Congenital Cholesteatoma | 325 | ||
External Auditory Canal | 325 | ||
Autoatticotomy and Automastoidectomy | 327 | ||
Recurrent Cholesteatoma and the “Chronic Ear” | 327 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 327 | ||
References | 331 | ||
43 Labyrinthitis | 331 | ||
Introduction | 331 | ||
Temporal Evolution: Overview | 331 | ||
Temporal Evolution: in Greater Depth | 332 | ||
Acute Labyrinthitis | 332 | ||
Chronic Labyrinthitis | 332 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 336 | ||
References | 338 | ||
Tumors | 339 | ||
44 Paraganglioma | 339 | ||
Introduction | 339 | ||
Imaging | 340 | ||
Temporal Evolution and Treatment | 342 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 342 | ||
Glomus Vagale and Carotid Body Tumor Mimics | 342 | ||
Glomus Tympanicum Mimics | 345 | ||
Glomus Jugulare Mimics | 345 | ||
Suggested Readings | 346 | ||
45 Esthesioneuroblastoma | 346 | ||
Introduction | 346 | ||
Temporal Evolution: Overview | 348 | ||
Temporal Evolution: in Greater Depth | 348 | ||
Posttherapy Evaluation | 349 | ||
Craniofacial Resection | 349 | ||
Radiation Change | 351 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 351 | ||
Papilloma | 352 | ||
Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 353 | ||
Sarcoma | 353 | ||
Lymphoma | 353 | ||
Melanoma | 353 | ||
Meningioma | 353 | ||
Invasive Fungal Sinusitis | 356 | ||
References | 356 | ||
Posttraumatic Effects | 357 | ||
46 Vocal Cord Augmentation/Injection Laryngoplasty | 357 | ||
Introduction | 357 | ||
Temporal Evolution: Overview | 357 | ||
Teflon Granuloma: in Greater Depth | 361 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 361 | ||
Suggested Readings | 362 | ||
Bone Lesions | 363 | ||
47 Otospongiosis | 363 | ||
Introduction | 363 | ||
Pretreatment and Posttreatment Imaging | 364 | ||
Pretreatment Imaging | 364 | ||
Posttreatment Imaging | 364 | ||
Temporal Evolution: Overview | 364 | ||
By Location | 364 | ||
By Phase of Disease | 365 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 367 | ||
Suggested Reading | 368 | ||
48 Paget’s Disease | 368 | ||
Introduction | 368 | ||
Temporal Evolution: Overview | 368 | ||
Complications | 371 | ||
Temporal Evolution: in Greater Depth | 371 | ||
Specific Neuroimaging-Related Appearances | 376 | ||
Skull | 376 | ||
Spine | 376 | ||
Suggested Reading | 381 | ||
Vascular Lesions | 381 | ||
49 Carotid Blowout Syndrome | 381 | ||
Introduction | 381 | ||
Temporal Evolution: Overview | 383 | ||
Management | 386 | ||
Mimics and Differential Diagnosis | 386 | ||
Suggested Reading | 387 | ||
Index | 388 | ||
A | 388 | ||
B | 388 | ||
C | 389 | ||
D | 390 | ||
E | 390 | ||
F | 391 | ||
G | 391 | ||
H | 391 | ||
I | 392 | ||
J | 392 | ||
K | 392 | ||
L | 392 | ||
M | 393 | ||
N | 393 | ||
O | 393 | ||
P | 394 | ||
R | 394 | ||
S | 395 | ||
T | 395 | ||
U | 396 | ||
V | 396 | ||
W | 396 | ||
X | 396 | ||
Inside Back Cover | ibc1 |