Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The Gunner Goggles Series is the first exam prep resource written by a high-scoring peer group of medical students, ensuring the most practical and efficient study guidance. It organizes topics around the USMLE and NBME content outlines for the required shelf exams and features state-of-the-art Augmented Reality (AR) mobile application to extend learning beyond the book. This innovative series features AR opportunities throughout the text for an integrated print-mobile experience that maximizes learning and test preparation. The Gunner Goggle function allows you to scan pages for integrated AR links, unlocking animations, visuals, and 3D models that clarify complex anatomy, conditions, and concepts in a remarkably effective and unique manner.
Gunner Goggles Series: Pediatrics is one of seven authoritative exam preparation guides that use cutting-edge AR technology to fully prepare you for the NBME clinical shelf exams, the USMLE Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) exam, and successful clinical rotations.
- Topics are organized around the USMLE and NBME content outlines for specific shelf exams, and information is presented in a highly templated, concise manner.
- The Augmented Reality application allows you to efficiently study and learn using an integrated print-mobile approach. In addition to unlocking animations and other visuals, AR app access also includes additional content, links to provide feedback to the authors, community pages, and more.
- All test topics are covered in just enough detail to help you hone in on key points you must know for exam success.
- Unique! Every disease is described by its stem clues (buzzwords that appear in question stems) and prophylactic measures (PPx), mechanism (MoD), diagnostic tests (Dx) and treatment/management principles (Tx/Mgmt) – the four "Physician Tasks" that the NBME requires students to know about each disease.
- You’ll also get real-world tips for your clinical rotations from your peers – information that won’t show up on the shelf exam but is ideal for maximum impact when on rounds (knowing the prognosis for a specific disease, for example).
- Plus … effective study techniques, sample study schedules, tips and tricks to better retain information learned from review questions, and methods to self-generate mnemonics.
- Edited, written, and crowdsourced by high-performing medical students and residents and reviewed by experts in the field to ensure accuracy, relevancy, and accessibility.
Titles in the Gunner Goggles series:
Family Medicine • Print ISBN: 978-0-323-51034-9 • e-Book ISBN: 978-0-323-52756-9
Medicine • Print ISBN: 978-0-323-51035-6 • e-Book ISBN: 978-0-323-52758-3
Neurology • Print ISBN: 978-0-323-51036-3 • e-Book ISBN: 978-0-323-52760-6
Ob-Gyn • Print ISBN: 978-0-323-51037-0 • e-Book ISBN: 978-0-323-52768-2
Pediatrics • Print ISBN: 978-0-323-51038-7 • e-Book ISBN: 978-0-323-52763-7
Psychiatry • Print ISBN: 978-0-323-51039-4 e-Book ISBN: 978-0-323-52765-1
Surgery • Print ISBN: 978-0-323-51040-0 • e-Book ISBN: 978-0-323-52767-5
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| IFC | ES1 | ||
| Gunner Goggles\r | i | ||
| GUNNER GOGGLES Pediatrics | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Gunner Goggles Honors Shelf Review Series | v | ||
| Contributors | vi | ||
| Acknowledgments | x | ||
| Contents | xi | ||
| 1 - Introduction | 1 | ||
| I. Gunner’s Guide to a Better Test Score | 1 | ||
| II. Augmented Reality: A New Paradigm for Shelf Exam Test Prep | 2 | ||
| Presentation | 2 | ||
| Evaluation | 3 | ||
| Community Engagement | 4 | ||
| Augmented Reality Frequently Asked Questions | 4 | ||
| III. Study Smart: Mnemonics and Gunner Study Tips | 5 | ||
| Understand the Organizing Principle | 5 | ||
| Create Effective Mnemonics | 5 | ||
| Devise a Study Schedule and Stick to It | 7 | ||
| Distinguish Rotation Knowledge From Shelf Knowledge | 7 | ||
| IV. Intro to the National Board of Medical Examiners Clinical Science Pediatrics Subject Exam | 8 | ||
| 2 - Normal Development | 11 | ||
| Introduction | 11 | ||
| Normal Neonate Exam | 11 | ||
| Normal Developmental Milestones | 12 | ||
| Neonatal Skin Exam | 12 | ||
| Puberty | 14 | ||
| Female Puberty | 16 | ||
| Male Puberty | 16 | ||
| 3 - Immunologic Disorders | 24 | ||
| Immunodeficiency | 25 | ||
| Deficiency Primarily of Humoral Immunity | 25 | ||
| Common Variable Immunodeficiency | 25 | ||
| Hyper-Immunoglobulin M Syndrome | 26 | ||
| X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (Bruton) | 27 | ||
| Autosomal Recessive Agammaglobulinemia | 28 | ||
| Selective Immunoglobulin A Deficiency | 28 | ||
| Selective Immunoglobulin M Deficiency | 29 | ||
| Immunoglobulin G Subclass Deficiency | 30 | ||
| Selective Immunoglobulin E Deficiency | 31 | ||
| Cell Mediated | 32 | ||
| Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease | 32 | ||
| DiGeorge Syndrome (Old Name; Now Part of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome) | 34 | ||
| Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome | 35 | ||
| Deficiencies of the Innate Immune System | 37 | ||
| Chediak–Higashi Syndrome | 37 | ||
| Chronic Granulomatous Disease | 38 | ||
| Schwachman-Diamond Syndrome | 38 | ||
| Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency | 39 | ||
| Complement Deficiency | 40 | ||
| C1 Esterase Inhibitory Deficiency | 40 | ||
| Immunologically Mediated Disorders | 41 | ||
| Multisystem Infectious Disorders | 41 | ||
| Lyme Disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) | 41 | ||
| Toxic Shock Syndrome | 43 | ||
| Rickettsiosis (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever) | 43 | ||
| Viral | 44 | ||
| Infectious Mononucleosis (aka “Mono”) | 44 | ||
| Vasculitides | 45 | ||
| Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) | 45 | ||
| Kawasaki Disease | 46 | ||
| Autoimmune Disorders | 48 | ||
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (aka Lupus) | 48 | ||
| 4 - Diseases of the Blood and Blood-Forming Organs | 55 | ||
| Introduction | 55 | ||
| Immunologic and Inflammatory Disorders of the Blood | 56 | ||
| Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura | 56 | ||
| Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura | 58 | ||
| Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome | 58 | ||
| Neoplasms | 59 | ||
| Acute (Precursor Cell) Leukemia (White Blood Cell Disease) | 59 | ||
| Burkitt Lymphoma | 60 | ||
| Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | 60 | ||
| Tumor Lysis Syndrome | 61 | ||
| Anemia, Cytopenias, and Polycythemia (Fig. 4.3) | 61 | ||
| Decreased Production | 61 | ||
| Iron-Deficiency Anemia | 61 | ||
| Anemia of Chronic Disease | 62 | ||
| Hemolysis (Increased Breakdown) | 63 | ||
| Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia | 63 | ||
| Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency | 64 | ||
| Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency | 65 | ||
| Disorders of Hemoglobin, Heme, or RBC Membrane | 66 | ||
| Hereditary Spherocytosis/Elliptocytosis | 66 | ||
| Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria | 66 | ||
| Methemoglobinemia, Acquired and Congenital | 67 | ||
| Sickle Cell Disease | 68 | ||
| Sideroblastic Anemia | 69 | ||
| Thalassemias | 69 | ||
| Other Causes of Anemia | 70 | ||
| Blood Loss, Acute and Chronic | 70 | ||
| Platelet Disorders | 71 | ||
| Glanzmann Thrombasthenia and Bernard–Soulier Syndrome | 71 | ||
| Thrombocytopenia/Absent Radius | 71 | ||
| Cytopenias | 72 | ||
| Aplastic Anemia | 72 | ||
| Lymphopenia | 73 | ||
| Neutropenia | 73 | ||
| Congenital Agranulocytosis (Kostmann Syndrome) | 75 | ||
| Polycythemia | 75 | ||
| Polycythemia Vera/Secondary Polycythemia | 75 | ||
| Coagulation Disorders | 76 | ||
| Hypocoagulable | 76 | ||
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation | 76 | ||
| Hemophilia | 76 | ||
| Von Willebrand Disease | 77 | ||
| Hypercoagulable | 78 | ||
| Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia | 78 | ||
| Antithrombin III Deficiency | 79 | ||
| Protein C/Protein S Deficiency | 79 | ||
| Factor V Leiden | 80 | ||
| Antiphospholipid Antibodies (Anticardiolipin Antibodies, Lupus Anticoagulant) | 80 | ||
| Prothrombin G20210A Mutation | 81 | ||
| Reactions to Blood Components | 81 | ||
| ABO Incompatibility | 81 | ||
| Rh Incompatibility | 82 | ||
| Hemolysis, Delayed | 83 | ||
| Febrile Nonhemolytic Transfusion Reaction | 83 | ||
| Infection Related to Blood Product Transfusion | 84 | ||
| Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury | 84 | ||
| Anaphylactoid Reaction (Immunoglobulin A Deficiency) | 85 | ||
| Traumatic, Mechanical, and Vascular Disorders | 85 | ||
| Mechanical Injury to Erythrocytes | 85 | ||
| Kasabach–Merritt Syndrome (Fig. 4.6) | 86 | ||
| Disorders of the Spleen | 87 | ||
| Splenic Rupture/Laceration | 87 | ||
| Splenic Infarct | 87 | ||
| Splenic Abscess | 88 | ||
| Effects/Complications of Splenectomy (e.g., Sepsis Due to Encapsulated Bacteria) | 88 | ||
| Hypersplenism | 89 | ||
| Notes | 91 | ||
| 5 - Mental Disorders | 95 | ||
| Adjustment Disorders in Children | 95 | ||
| Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy/Early Childhood | 95 | ||
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children | 96 | ||
| Acute Stress Disorder in Children | 97 | ||
| Separation Anxiety Disorder | 98 | ||
| Major Depressive Disorder (>2 Weeks) | 98 | ||
| Eating Disorders in Children | 99 | ||
| Pica | 99 | ||
| Rumination Disorder | 99 | ||
| Anorexia Nervosa | 100 | ||
| Bulimia Nervosa | 101 | ||
| Incontinence in Children | 102 | ||
| Encopresis | 102 | ||
| Enuresis | 102 | ||
| Learning Disorders | 103 | ||
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | 103 | ||
| Learning Disorders, Not Otherwise Specified | 105 | ||
| Selective Mutism | 105 | ||
| Tourette Syndrome | 106 | ||
| Intellectual Disability | 107 | ||
| Disruptive Disorders in Pediatric Populations | 107 | ||
| Oppositional Defiant Disorder | 107 | ||
| Conduct Disorder | 108 | ||
| Pervasive Developmental Disorders | 109 | ||
| Autism Spectrum Disorder | 109 | ||
| Rett Disorder | 111 | ||
| Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (Heller Syndrome) | 111 | ||
| Genetic Disorders | 112 | ||
| Prader-Willi Syndrome | 112 | ||
| Angelman Syndrome | 112 | ||
| Fragile X Syndrome | 112 | ||
| Trisomy 21 | 113 | ||
| Neurofibromatosis 1 | 113 | ||
| Hurler Syndrome | 113 | ||
| Smith-Magenis Syndrome | 113 | ||
| Williams Syndrome | 113 | ||
| Cornelia de Lange Syndrome | 113 | ||
| CHARGE Syndrome | 113 | ||
| Infectious Diseases in Pediatric Populations | 113 | ||
| Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated With Streptococcal Infections | 113 | ||
| 6 - Diseases of the Nervous System and Special Senses | 119 | ||
| Introduction | 119 | ||
| Infectious Diseases | 120 | ||
| Meningitis | 120 | ||
| Bacterial | 120 | ||
| Listeria monocytogenes | 121 | ||
| Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus) | 121 | ||
| Escherichia coli | 121 | ||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 121 | ||
| Haemophilus influenza | 122 | ||
| Neisseria meningitides | 122 | ||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 122 | ||
| Viral | 123 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis | 124 | ||
| Spirochetal Diseases | 124 | ||
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 124 | ||
| Treponema pallidum | 125 | ||
| Protozoal Diseases | 125 | ||
| Naegleria fowleri | 125 | ||
| Congenital Toxoplasma gondii | 126 | ||
| Immunologic and Inflammatory Disorders | 126 | ||
| Myasthenia Gravis, Including Thymoma | 126 | ||
| Multiple Sclerosis | 128 | ||
| Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) | 128 | ||
| Seizure Disorders | 129 | ||
| Tuberous Sclerosis (Tuberous Sclerosis Complex) | 129 | ||
| Sturge–Weber Syndrome | 130 | ||
| Partial Seizure | 130 | ||
| Simple Partial Seizure (Focal Seizure) | 130 | ||
| Complex Partial Seizure (Focal Seizure With Consciousness Disturbance) | 131 | ||
| Generalized Seizures | 131 | ||
| Absence Seizure (Petit Mal) | 131 | ||
| Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy | 132 | ||
| Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy | 132 | ||
| Cranial and Peripheral Nerve Disorders | 132 | ||
| Bell Palsy (CN VII) | 132 | ||
| Vestibular Neuritis, Labyrinthitis | 133 | ||
| Peripheral Nerve/Plexus Injury/Disorders | 133 | ||
| Infant Botulism | 133 | ||
| Peripheral Nerve Injury | 134 | ||
| Brachial Plexus Injury | 134 | ||
| Sleep Disorders | 134 | ||
| Narcolepsy | 134 | ||
| Sleep Terror Disorder | 135 | ||
| Sleepwalking | 135 | ||
| Traumatic and Mechanical Disorders and Disorders of Increased Intracranial Pressure | 136 | ||
| Epidural Hematoma (Cerebral and Spinal) | 136 | ||
| Subdural Hematoma (Cerebral and Spinal) | 136 | ||
| Subarachnoid Hemorrhage | 137 | ||
| Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (aka Pseudotumor Cerebri) | 137 | ||
| Hydrocephalus | 138 | ||
| Traumatic Brain Injury | 139 | ||
| Headache | 140 | ||
| Migraine | 140 | ||
| Congenital Disorders | 141 | ||
| Friedreich Ataxia | 141 | ||
| Neural Tube Defects | 142 | ||
| Holoprosencephaly | 143 | ||
| Anencephaly | 144 | ||
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | 144 | ||
| Becker Muscular Dystrophy | 145 | ||
| Neoplasms of the Nervous System | 145 | ||
| Meningioma | 145 | ||
| Von Hippel-Lindau Disease | 145 | ||
| Neurofibromatosis I (aka Von Recklinghausen Disease) | 146 | ||
| Neurofibromatosis II (aka Vestibular Schwannomas) | 146 | ||
| Craniopharyngioma | 147 | ||
| Pituitary Adenoma | 147 | ||
| Pilocytic Astrocytoma | 148 | ||
| Malignant Neoplasms | 148 | ||
| Medulloblastoma | 148 | ||
| Ependymoma | 148 | ||
| Disorders of the Eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat | 149 | ||
| Ophthalmologic Disorders | 149 | ||
| Retinoblastoma | 149 | ||
| Strabismus | 149 | ||
| Amblyopia | 150 | ||
| Cellulitis (Preseptal and Orbital) | 150 | ||
| Disorders of the Ear | 151 | ||
| Otitis | 151 | ||
| Notes | 153 | ||
| 7 - Cardiovascular Disorders | 155 | ||
| Introduction | 155 | ||
| Development | 155 | ||
| Embryonic Development | 155 | ||
| Atria | 156 | ||
| Ventricles | 156 | ||
| Fetal Maturation | 156 | ||
| Perinatal Transitional Changes | 156 | ||
| Congenital Disorders | 156 | ||
| Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery | 156 | ||
| Atrial Septal Defect | 158 | ||
| Coarctation of the Aorta | 158 | ||
| Endocardial Cushion Defect | 158 | ||
| Patent Foramen Ovale | 159 | ||
| Patent Ductus Arteriosus | 159 | ||
| Tetralogy of Fallot | 159 | ||
| Transposition of the Great Arteries | 160 | ||
| Ventricular Septal Defect | 160 | ||
| Notes | 163 | ||
| 8 - Diseases of the Respiratory System | 168 | ||
| Introduction | 168 | ||
| Need-to-Know Embryology | 168 | ||
| Infectious, Immunologic, and Inflammatory Disorders of the Upper Airways | 169 | ||
| Acute Upper Respiratory Infection | 169 | ||
| Influenza (“Flu”) | 170 | ||
| Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease | 171 | ||
| Bacterial Sinusitis | 171 | ||
| Epiglottitis | 172 | ||
| Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) | 173 | ||
| Acute Laryngitis | 173 | ||
| Bacterial Tracheitis | 173 | ||
| Streptococcal Pharyngitis | 174 | ||
| Viral Pharyngitis | 174 | ||
| Peritonsillar Abscess | 174 | ||
| Allergic Rhinitis | 175 | ||
| Infectious, Immunologic, and Inflammatory Disorders of the Lower Airways | 175 | ||
| Pneumonia | 175 | ||
| Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia | 176 | ||
| Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia | 176 | ||
| Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) | 176 | ||
| Typical Community-Acquired Pneumonia | 176 | ||
| Atypical Community-Acquired Pneumonia | 176 | ||
| Fungal Infections | 177 | ||
| Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis | 177 | ||
| Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia (PJP) | 177 | ||
| Acute Bronchiolitis | 178 | ||
| Bordetella pertussis: “Whooping Cough” | 178 | ||
| Pulmonary Tuberculosis | 179 | ||
| Benign Neoplasms | 179 | ||
| Vocal Cord Nodules/Polyps | 179 | ||
| Nasal Polyps | 180 | ||
| Juvenile Papillomatosis | 180 | ||
| Obstructive Airway Disease | 180 | ||
| Asthma | 180 | ||
| Classifications of Asthma | 181 | ||
| Traumatic and Mechanical Disorders | 182 | ||
| Upper Airways | 182 | ||
| Epistaxis | 182 | ||
| Laryngeal/Pharyngeal Obstruction | 183 | ||
| Tracheoesophageal Fistula | 183 | ||
| Tracheal Stenosis | 184 | ||
| Tracheomalacia | 184 | ||
| Foreign-Body Aspiration | 185 | ||
| Lower Airways and Pleura | 186 | ||
| Atelectasis | 186 | ||
| Diaphragmatic Rupture | 186 | ||
| Drowning and Near Drowning | 187 | ||
| Penetrating Chest Wounds/Chest Trauma | 187 | ||
| Tension Pneumothorax | 187 | ||
| Pericardial Tamponade | 187 | ||
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 188 | ||
| Congenital Disorders | 188 | ||
| Cystic Fibrosis | 188 | ||
| Bronchogenic Cysts | 190 | ||
| Congenital Cysts | 190 | ||
| Thyroglossal Duct Cyst | 190 | ||
| Branchial Cleft Cyst | 191 | ||
| Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia | 191 | ||
| Pulmonary Sequestration | 192 | ||
| Immotile Cilia Syndrome = Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia = Kartagener Syndrome | 192 | ||
| 9 - Nutrition and Digestive Disorders | 202 | ||
| Introduction | 202 | ||
| Embryonic Development, Fetal Maturation, Perinatal Changes | 203 | ||
| Infectious Disorders | 203 | ||
| Bacterial | 203 | ||
| Pseudomembranous Colitis | 203 | ||
| Enteritis/Enteric Infections | 204 | ||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 204 | ||
| Escherichia coli | 205 | ||
| Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome | 206 | ||
| Listeria Monocytogenes | 206 | ||
| Yersinia enterocolitica | 207 | ||
| Campylobacter spp | 207 | ||
| Vibrio cholera | 208 | ||
| Salmonella Species | 208 | ||
| Shigella spp | 208 | ||
| Viral | 209 | ||
| Hepatitis A | 209 | ||
| Hepatitis B | 209 | ||
| Hepatitis C | 210 | ||
| Hepatitis D | 211 | ||
| Hepatitis E | 211 | ||
| Non-Polio Enterovirus Enteritis/Colitis (Echovirus, Coxsackievirus) | 212 | ||
| Rotavirus Enteritis | 212 | ||
| Mumps | 213 | ||
| Herpetic Gingivostomatitis | 214 | ||
| Fungal | 214 | ||
| Thrush (Oropharyngeal Candidiasis) | 214 | ||
| Parasitic | 215 | ||
| Entamoeba histolytica | 215 | ||
| Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) | 215 | ||
| Immunologic and Inflammatory Disorders | 216 | ||
| Celiac Disease (Gluten-Sensitivity Enteropathy) | 216 | ||
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | 216 | ||
| Crohn Disease | 217 | ||
| Ulcerative Colitis | 217 | ||
| Disorders of the Oral Cavity | 219 | ||
| Dental Caries | 219 | ||
| Teething Syndrome | 219 | ||
| Disorders of the Stomach, Small intestine, and Colon | 219 | ||
| Appendicitis | 219 | ||
| Peptic Ulcer Disease | 220 | ||
| Hirschsprung Disease | 221 | ||
| Intussusception | 221 | ||
| Functional Abdominal Pain | 223 | ||
| Necrotizing Enterocolitis | 223 | ||
| Malrotation with Midgut Volvulus | 224 | ||
| Milk Protein Allergy | 225 | ||
| Disorders of Liver | 226 | ||
| Dubin-Johnson Syndrome | 226 | ||
| Rotor Syndrome | 227 | ||
| Gilbert Syndrome | 227 | ||
| Crigler-Najjar | 227 | ||
| Congenital Disorders | 229 | ||
| Biliary Atresia | 229 | ||
| Esophageal Atresia | 229 | ||
| Meckel Diverticulum | 230 | ||
| Pyloric Stenosis | 230 | ||
| Duodenal Atresia | 231 | ||
| Disorders of Jaundice | 231 | ||
| Physiologic Jaundice | 231 | ||
| Breastfeeding Jaundice | 232 | ||
| Breast Milk Jaundice | 233 | ||
| 10 - Gynecologic Disorders | 241 | ||
| Introduction | 241 | ||
| Infectious, Immunologic and Inflammatory Disorders | 241 | ||
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | 241 | ||
| Human Papillomavirus | 242 | ||
| Toxic Shock Syndrome | 242 | ||
| Menstrual and Endocrine Disorders | 243 | ||
| Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (aka Stein-Leventhal Syndrome) | 243 | ||
| Mittelschmerz | 244 | ||
| Ovarian/Adnexal Torsion | 244 | ||
| Ectopic Pregnancy | 245 | ||
| Congenital Disorders | 246 | ||
| Müllerian Agenesis (aka Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome) | 246 | ||
| Bicornuate Uterus, Uterine Didelphys | 247 | ||
| Notes | 249 | ||
| 11 - Renal, Urinary, and Male Reproductive System | 252 | ||
| Introduction | 252 | ||
| Embryonic Development, Fetal Maturation, and Perinatal Changes | 253 | ||
| Infectious Disorders of Kidney, Urinary Tract, and Male Reproductive System | 253 | ||
| Urinary Tract Infection (Cystitis/Pyelonephritis) | 254 | ||
| Urethritis | 255 | ||
| Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) | 255 | ||
| Genital Herpes | 256 | ||
| Human Papillomavirus Infection | 256 | ||
| Neisseria Gonorrhoeae (Gonorrheal Urethritis) | 257 | ||
| Chlamydia Trachomatis (Chlamydial Urethritis) | 257 | ||
| Syphilis (Primary and Congenital) | 258 | ||
| Balanitis | 259 | ||
| Epididymitis | 259 | ||
| Orchitis | 260 | ||
| Glomerular Disorders | 260 | ||
| Alport Syndrome (Hereditary Nephritis) | 260 | ||
| Post-Infectious (aka Post-Streptococcal) Glomerulonephritis | 262 | ||
| Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy | 262 | ||
| Minimal Change Disease | 263 | ||
| Malignant Neoplasms | 263 | ||
| Wilms Tumor | 263 | ||
| Renal Cell Carcinoma | 264 | ||
| Renal Tumors Associated With Congenital/Hereditary Conditions | 264 | ||
| Congenital Disorders of the Kidney | 265 | ||
| Double Ureters/Ureteral Duplication/Double Collecting System | 265 | ||
| Horseshoe Kidney | 265 | ||
| Renal Agenesis | 265 | ||
| Renal Hypoplasia | 266 | ||
| Renal Dysplasia | 267 | ||
| Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease | 268 | ||
| Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease | 268 | ||
| Traumatic and Mechanical Disorders | 269 | ||
| Testicular Torsion | 269 | ||
| Penile Trauma (Blast Injuries, Burns, Penile Fracture, Urethral Injury) | 269 | ||
| Varicocele/Hydrocele/Spermatocele | 270 | ||
| Complications of Circumcision | 270 | ||
| Congenital Disorders of the Male Reproductive System | 271 | ||
| Hypospadias | 271 | ||
| Klinefelter Syndrome | 271 | ||
| Cryptorchidism | 272 | ||
| Channelopathies in the Kidney | 273 | ||
| 12 - Disorders of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Puerperium | 278 | ||
| Introduction | 278 | ||
| Disorders of Ambiguous Genitalia | 278 | ||
| Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome | 278 | ||
| 5-Alpha Reductase Deficiency | 279 | ||
| Aromatase Deficiency | 279 | ||
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | 280 | ||
| XY Gonadal Dysgenesis (aka Swyer Syndrome) | 281 | ||
| Aneuploidy Disorders | 282 | ||
| Trisomy 21 | 282 | ||
| Trisomy 18 (Edwards Syndrome) | 283 | ||
| Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome) | 283 | ||
| Turner Syndrome | 284 | ||
| Congenital Infection | 285 | ||
| Miscellaneous Disorders of the Newborn | 286 | ||
| Gastroschisis and Omphalocele | 286 | ||
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome | 286 | ||
| 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (aka DiGeorge Syndrome, aka Velocardiofacial Syndrome, aka Conotruncal Anomaly Face Syndrome) | 286 | ||
| 13 - Disorders of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissues | 293 | ||
| Infectious Disorders and Infestations | 293 | ||
| Cellulitis | 293 | ||
| Erysipelas | 294 | ||
| Impetigo | 294 | ||
| Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome | 295 | ||
| Leprosy | 295 | ||
| Scarlet Fever | 296 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 | 296 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 | 297 | ||
| Molluscum Contagiosum | 297 | ||
| Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease | 297 | ||
| Herpangina | 298 | ||
| Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease) | 298 | ||
| Chickenpox (Varicella) | 298 | ||
| Rubella | 299 | ||
| Measles | 299 | ||
| Roseola (Sixth Disease, Exanthem Subitum) | 300 | ||
| Verruca Vulgaris (Common Warts) | 300 | ||
| Cutaneous Candidiasis | 300 | ||
| Dermatophytosis (Tinea Infections) | 301 | ||
| Tinea Versicolor (Pityriasis Versicolor) | 302 | ||
| Diaper Dermatitis | 302 | ||
| Cutaneous Larva Migrans | 302 | ||
| Hymenoptera (Bees, Hornets, Wasps, Fire Ants) Stings and Bites | 303 | ||
| Scabies | 303 | ||
| Lice | 303 | ||
| Immunologic and Inflammatory Disorders | 304 | ||
| Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) | 304 | ||
| Pityriasis Rosea | 304 | ||
| Urticaria (Hives) | 304 | ||
| Erythema Multiforme | 305 | ||
| Stevens–Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis | 305 | ||
| Vitiligo | 306 | ||
| Disorders of the Hair and Hair Follicles | 306 | ||
| Seborrheic Dermatitis | 306 | ||
| Infectious Folliculitis | 307 | ||
| Disorders of Sweat and Sebaceous Glands | 307 | ||
| Acne Vulgaris | 307 | ||
| Hidradenitis Suppurativa (Acne Inversa) | 308 | ||
| Hyperhidrosis | 308 | ||
| Ichthyosis Vulgaris | 308 | ||
| Congenital Disorders | 309 | ||
| Xeroderma Pigmentosum | 309 | ||
| Congenital Melanocytic Nevus | 309 | ||
| 14 - Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue | 315 | ||
| Introduction | 315 | ||
| Embryonic Development, Fetal Maturation, and Perinatal Changes | 315 | ||
| Autoimmune Disorders | 316 | ||
| Juvenile Dermatomyositis | 317 | ||
| Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies | 317 | ||
| Ankylosing Spondylitis | 317 | ||
| Reactive Arthritis (Formerly Reiter Syndrome) | 317 | ||
| Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis | 319 | ||
| Inflammatory Disorders | 319 | ||
| Osteochondritis Dissecans | 319 | ||
| Transient Synovitis (Toxic Synovitis) | 320 | ||
| Septic Arthritis | 320 | ||
| Osteomyelitis | 321 | ||
| Neoplasms | 322 | ||
| Benign Neoplasms | 322 | ||
| Osteoid Osteoma | 322 | ||
| Osteoblastoma | 322 | ||
| Osteochondroma | 323 | ||
| Enchondroma | 323 | ||
| Malignant Neoplasms of Bone and Muscle | 324 | ||
| Osteosarcoma | 324 | ||
| Ewing Sarcoma | 324 | ||
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | 325 | ||
| Degenerative Disorders | 325 | ||
| Patellofemoral Syndrome (Formerly Patellar Chondromalacia) | 325 | ||
| Legg–Calvé–Perthes Disease | 326 | ||
| Osgood-Schlatter Disease | 327 | ||
| Spondylolisthesis/Spondylosis (Degenerative) | 327 | ||
| Traumatic and Mechanical Disorders | 328 | ||
| Dislocations | 328 | ||
| Subluxation of the Radial Head (Nursemaid Elbow) | 328 | ||
| Anterior Dislocation of the Shoulder | 328 | ||
| Fractures | 329 | ||
| Scoliosis | 329 | ||
| Flexible Kyphosis and Scheuermann Kyphosis | 330 | ||
| Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis | 331 | ||
| Brachial Plexus Injury (Erb Palsy/Klumpke Palsy) | 331 | ||
| Congenital Disorders | 332 | ||
| Achondroplasia/Dwarfism | 332 | ||
| Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip | 332 | ||
| Leg Deformities | 333 | ||
| Tibia Vara (Blount Disease) | 333 | ||
| Foot Deformities | 334 | ||
| Metatarsus Adductus | 334 | ||
| Talipes Equinovarus (Club Foot) | 334 | ||
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta | 334 | ||
| Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne and Becker) | 335 | ||
| Notes | 339 | ||
| 15 - Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders | 344 | ||
| Introduction | 344 | ||
| Diabetes and Hyperinsulinism | 344 | ||
| Type I Diabetes | 345 | ||
| Type II Diabetes | 346 | ||
| Acute Complications of Diabetes Mellitus | 347 | ||
| Hyperinsulinism | 348 | ||
| Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders | 348 | ||
| Hypothyroidism (See Below for Congenital Hypothyroidism) | 348 | ||
| Graves Disease | 349 | ||
| Thyroid Mass | 349 | ||
| Hyperparathyroidism | 349 | ||
| Hypoparathyroidism | 350 | ||
| Adrenal Disorders | 351 | ||
| Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison Disease) | 351 | ||
| Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency | 352 | ||
| Cushing Disease | 352 | ||
| Cushing Syndrome | 353 | ||
| Adrenal Neuroblastoma | 354 | ||
| Pheochromocytoma | 354 | ||
| Delayed and Precocious Puberty | 355 | ||
| Growth and Pituitary Disorders | 357 | ||
| Acromegaly/Gigantism | 357 | ||
| Diabetes Insipidus | 357 | ||
| Growth Hormone Deficiency | 357 | ||
| Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion | 358 | ||
| Pituitary Adenoma | 359 | ||
| Prolactinoma/Hyperprolactinemia | 360 | ||
| Craniopharyngioma | 360 | ||
| Hypogonadism, Primary and Secondary | 360 | ||
| Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN1, MEN2) | 362 | ||
| Congenital Disorders | 363 | ||
| Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia | 363 | ||
| Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome | 364 | ||
| Congenital Hypothyroidism | 364 | ||
| Metabolic Disorders | 365 | ||
| Inborn Errors of Metabolism | 365 | ||
| Galactosemia | 367 | ||
| Hereditary Fructose Intolerance | 367 | ||
| Glycogen Storage Disorders | 367 | ||
| Fatty Acid Oxidation Defects | 368 | ||
| Lysosomal Storage Disorders | 369 | ||
| 16 - Gunner Jim’s Guide to Exam Day Success | 376 | ||
| “Master One Review Book” | 376 | ||
| “Do As Many Quality Questions As You Can” | 377 | ||
| “Excel Like a Gunner” | 378 | ||
| Index | 379 | ||
| A | 379 | ||
| B | 380 | ||
| C | 381 | ||
| D | 383 | ||
| E | 384 | ||
| F | 385 | ||
| G | 385 | ||
| H | 386 | ||
| I | 388 | ||
| J | 389 | ||
| K | 390 | ||
| L | 390 | ||
| M | 390 | ||
| N | 392 | ||
| O | 392 | ||
| P | 393 | ||
| Q | 394 | ||
| R | 394 | ||
| S | 395 | ||
| T | 397 | ||
| U | 397 | ||
| V | 398 | ||
| W | 398 | ||
| X | 398 | ||
| Y | 398 | ||
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