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Community Care Practice and the Law

Community Care Practice and the Law

Michael Mandelstam

(2005)

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Book Details

Abstract

This third edition of Community Care Practice and the Law has been substantially rewritten and restructured to reflect the rapid legal and policy changes affecting the community care field. It provides comprehensive and jargon-free explanations of both community care legislation and other areas of the law directly relevant to practitioners. Topics covered include:

• assessment and eligibility criteria (`fair access to care') and waiting times

• placing people in care homes

• non-residential, domiciliary and home care services

• carers' assessments and services

• home adaptations and disabled facilities grants

* direct payments

* continuing health care and health services generally, including community equipment services

* joint working between local authorities and the NHS

* single assessment process, intermediate care

* decision making capacity and incapacity

* information sharing

* adult protection

* human rights and disability discrimination

* health and safety at work legislation including manual handling

people subject to immigration control, including asylum seekers

care standards.

Numerous examples of legal cases and ombudsman investigations clearly illustrate the practical impact of legislation on community care. A separate chapter provides an at-a-glance view of the whole range of legislation underpinning the everyday work of practitioners. The author also identifies the underlying mechanisms, tensions and problems affecting community care law and practice. Primarily covering England in detail, much of the legal case law covered and the legal principles involved are of general relevance across the United Kingdom, and where material is not directly applicable to Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, short summaries offer general pointers for the position in these three countries.

This book is an essential guide for practitioners and managers in both the statutory and voluntary sectors, policy makers in local and central government, advocates, lawyers and social work students.


The test of this kind of book is whether it does its job as an authoritative reference tool. I tried it out by looking up a few random areas – direct payments for carers, information sharing, statutory duty to provide accommodation, the legal status of care plans. Moreover topics could be easily pinpointed equally well from the index or the contents page.

The book is in five parts; part one provides an overview and covers underlying mechanisms, legal principles, good administration and remedies; part two considers community care legislation and guidance; part three covers housing adaptations, housing adaptations, NHS services and joint working; part four explores adult protection, decision making capacity, information sharing, human rights and disability discrimination and part five covers health and safety at work, negligence, contract and national regulation of care provision. Community Care Practice and the Law proves itself to be comprehensive and monumentally authoritative.


Tony Gillam, Mental Health Practice
It meets the challenge of being extensive (it is difficult to capture this topic comprehensively due to its vastness and ever-changing nature) and up to date, and has been revised due to the substantial legal and policy changes that affect the community care field. It is well referenced and provides examples of legal cases and ombudsman investigations that facilitate an understanding of the law, and will allow psychotherapists to reflect on real-life experiences. The main strength of this book is that information is easy to access.
Journal of Physiotherapy, March 2007
Not only should it be of use to students, current managers and practitioners will find it of use as reference…The author is an acknowledged and widely-published authority on these matters, and manages in 500-plus pages to give not only definitive legal advice for England, but also general pointers to the position in the other three countries in the UK.
Care and Health Magazine
Michael Mandelstam's book, Community Care Practice and the Law, is superb- the more you look at it, the more you will find it of relevance. Care home providers and managers need to know and understand the law, especially when dealing with local authorities and other outside bodies such as Commission for Social Care Inspection. I've put this book to the test and it comes through with flying colours.
Caring Times
Author Michael Mandelstam provides a refreshing account of community care practice in an enlightening, highly informative way. The use of case law is helpful in explaining and making sense of the law, which can be complex, daunting and difficult to understand. The book's diversity is also welcome, addressing issues relating to people from different backgrounds and circumstances on account of age,gender, race and disability. The information in Mandelstam's text is retreiveable, lively and up-to-date. The structure is supported by the use of 'key points', background information and an overview and context in which the subject area is discussed. Subjects include placement in care homes, assessment, adaptations and services, information sharing, human rights and much more.
Community Practitioner
The third edition of Community Care Practice and the Law has been substantially reworked from the previous edition... This book is essential reading for practitioners, managers and students who need a practical guide to the law as it applies to community care practice... it is an ideal book to dip into and is easy to navigate.
British Journal of Occupational Therapy
This book is set out coherently and with clear cross referencing… Mandelstam achieves the difficult task of providing an adequate description of legal issues with detailed analysis and thorough application; this is to his credit. It will appeal to and should be considered an essential text reference for specialist practitioners and managers in health and social care.
Journal of Community Nursing
Michael Mandelstam has worked independently since 1995 providing legal training, advice and consultancy to local authorities, the NHS and voluntary organisations. Previously he worked for ten years at the Disabled Living Foundation, a national voluntary organisation, before moving to the Social Services Inspectorate at the Department of Health. He has published various other books, including An A-Z of Community Care Law, Equipment for Older or Disabled People and the Law, and Manual Handling in Health and Social Care: An A-Z of law and practice, all published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. He holds postgraduate qualifications in law, information studies, and history of science and medicine.
An extensive guide to the law for service users and providers in the community, this book in primarily aimed at those working in social services and primary care trusts.
Nursing Standard

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Community Care Practice and the Law\rThird Edition 3
CONTENTS 5
Acknowledgements 13
Note 14
Part I.\r Introduction, Overview, Underlying Mechanisms, Legal Principles and Good Administration, Remedies 15
1.\r\rIntroduction 17
1.1 HOWTO USE THE BOOK 17
1.2WHOM THE BOOK IS FOR 18
1.3 FUNCTION OF THE BOOK 18
1.4 SCOPE OF THE BOOK 19
1.5 CHANGES FROM THE SECOND EDITION 21
2.\r\rOverview 23
2.1 OUTLINE AND IMPLICATIONS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK 24
2.2. LIST OF LEGISLATION RELEVANT TO COMMUNITY CARE 30
3.\r\rUnderlying mechanisms 35
3.1 UNCERTAINTIES IN COMMUNITY CARE 36
3.2 COMMUNITY CARE LEGISLATION: FRAGMENTATION 40
3.3 COMMUNITY CARE GUIDANCE 45
3.4 ALLOCATION OF SCARCE RESOURCES: RATIONING 47
3.5 TRANSPARENCY OF LEGISLATION AND POLICY 49
3.6 LOCAL AUTHORITY POLICIES, PROCEDURES AND PRACTICE 53
3.7 JUDICIAL REVIEW AND THE LOCAL OMBUDSMEN 54
3.8 GOOD ADMINISTRATION: LOCAL GOVERNMENT OMBUDSMEN 56
3.9 GOOD PRACTICE AND THE LAW 56
4.\r\rLegal principles and good\radministration 61
4.1 LEGISLATION (AND GUIDANCE): DUTIES AND POWERS 62
4.2 LAWCOURTS AND JUDICIAL REVIEW 65
4.3 OMBUDSMEN: PRINCIPLES OF GOOD ADMINISTRATION 70
5\rRemedies 75
5.1 INFORMAL REMEDIES 76
5.2 COUNCILLORS, MPS, NEWSPAPERS 77
5.3 LOCAL AUTHORITY MONITORING OFFICERS 80
5.4 DISTRICT AUDITORS 80
5.5 LOCAL AUTHORITY SOCIAL SERVICES COMPLAINTS PROCEDURE 81
5.6 SECRETARY OF STATE’S DEFAULT POWERS 89
5.7 SECRETARY OF STATE’S GENERAL AND SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS 91
5.8 SECRETARY OF STATE’S INQUIRIES 92
5.9 LOCAL GOVERNMENT OMBUDSMEN 92
5.10 NHS COMPLAINTS PROCEDURE 94
5.11 HEALTH SERVICE OMBUDSMAN 94
5.12 NHS DEFAULT POWERS 95
5.13 JUDICIAL REVIEW 95
5.14 NEGLIGENCE, BREACH OF STATUTORY DUTY/CONTRACT 99
Part\r II. Community care legislation and guidance 101
6\rAssessment 103
6.1 OVERALL DUTY OF ASSESSMENT: NHS AND COMMUNITY CARE\rACT 1990 107
6.2 DUTY TO ASSESS DISABLED PEOPLE 110
6.3 REFERRAL, SCREENING AND INITIAL ASSESSMENT 112
6.4 LEVEL OF ASSESSMENT 113
6.5 HEALTH AND HOUSING NEEDS IDENTIFIED DURING ASSESSMENT 116
6.6 COMMUNITY CARE SERVICES 116
6.7 NEEDS CALLING FOR SERVICE PROVISION 116
6.8 ASSESSMENT OF PREFERENCES AS OPPOSED TO NEEDS\r 117
6.9 ABSOLUTE DUTY TO MEET ELIGIBLE NEEDS 120
6.10 MEETING NEED COST-EFFECTIVELY 126
6.11 FAIR ACCESS TO CARE: ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 129
6.12 TAKING ACCOUNT OF LEGALLY RELEVANT FACTORS IN\rASSESSMENTS 132
6.13 GIVING EXPLANATIONS AND REASONS 134
6.14 SELF-ASSESSMENT 135
6.15 REVIEW AND REASSESSMENT 135
6.16 URGENCY 149
6.17 ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN WHEN THEY LEAVE SCHOOL 150
6.18WAITING TIMES FOR ASSESSMENT 152
7.\r\rCare plans and provision of\rservices 160
7.1 CARE PLANS 161
7.2 PROVISION OF COMMUNITY CARE SERVICES: CONTRACTS 166
7.3WAITING TIMES FOR SERVICES 173
8.\r\rResidential accommodation 177
8.1 NEED FOR CARE AND ATTENTION 178
8.2 DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESIDENTIALACCOMMODATION 183
8.3 DUTIES AND POWERS TO PROVIDE RESIDENTIAL\rACCOMMODATION 187
8.4 ORDINARY RESIDENCE 188
8.5 CHOICE OF RESIDENTIAL ACCOMMODATION 188
8.6 CARE HOME PLACEMENTS: OTHER ARRANGEMENTS 193
9.\r Charging for residential accommodation 195
9.1 OVERALL DUTY TO CHARGE 197
9.2 PERSONAL EXPENSES ALLOWANCE 198
9.3 TEMPORARY RESIDENTS 199
9.4 LESS-DEPENDENT RESIDENTS 200
9.5 ASSESSMENT OF COUPLES 200
9.6 ASSESSMENT OF CAPITAL 201
9.7 NOTIONAL CAPITAL 204
9.8 ASSESSMENT OF REAL PROPERTY (HOUSE OR LAND) 207
9.9 ASSESSMENT OF INCOME 211
9.10 RESPONSIBILITY FOR PAYMENT OF FEES 213
9.11 PURSUIT OF DEBT 213
9.12 PLACING A CHARGE ON LAND OR PROPERTY 214
9.13 INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS 214
9.14 CARE HOMES: PERSONAL FINANCIAL ISSUES 215
10.\r Non-residential services 217
10.1 NATIONAL ASSISTANCE ACT 1948, S.29: NON-RESIDENTIAL\rSERVICES FOR DISABLED PEOPLE 219
10.2 CHRONICALLY SICK AND DISABLED PERSONS ACT 1970, S.2:\rNON-RESIDENTIAL SERVICES FOR DISABLED PEOPLE 226
10.3 HEALTH SERVICES AND PUBLIC HEALTH ACT 1968, S.45:\rNON-RESIDENTIAL SERVICES FOR OLDER PEOPLE 234
10.4 NHS ACT 1977, S.21 AND SCHEDULE 8: NON-RESIDENTIAL\rSERVICES 235
10.5 MENTAL HEALTH ACT 1983, S.117: AFTERCARE SERVICES 237
11.\r\rCharging for non-residential\rservices 244
11.1 LEGAL POWER TO CHARGE FOR SERVICES 246
11.2 SERVICES EXCLUDED FROM CHARGING 246
11.3 REASONABLENESS OF CHARGES 247
11.4 REASONABLE PRACTICABILITY OF PAYING THE CHARGE 249
11.5 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH GUIDANCE ON CHARGING 250
11.6 CONSULTATIONWITH SERVICE USERS ABOUT CHARGING 254
11.7 CHARGING AND PERSONAL INJURY COMPENSATION PAYMENTS 254
11.8 PLACING A CHARGE ON THE HOUSE 255
11.9 CLEAR POLICY ON CHARGING 255
11.10 PEOPLE WHO REFUSE TO PAY 255
11.11 GENERAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEGISLATION AND CHARGING 256
12.\r\rDirect payments, carers, families\rwith children in need, and other\rspecific groups of people 257
12.1 DIRECT PAYMENTS: OVERALL PURPOSE 259
12.2 VOUCHERS 268
12.3 INDEPENDENT LIVING FUND 269
12.4 INFORMAL CARERS 270
12.5 CHILDREN IN NEED AND THEIR FAMILIES 275
12.6 LEAVING CARE: CHILDREN PREVIOUSLY LOOKED AFTER 278
12.7 OTHER SPECIFIC GROUPS OF PEOPLE 279
12.8 DRUGS AND ALCOHOL 280
13.\r\rAsylum seekers and other people\rsubject to immigration control 282
13.1 IMMIGRATION CONTROL: BACKGROUND 283
13.2 IMMIGRATION CONTROL: SOCIAL SERVICES, PRESENT POSITION 284
13.3 NHS SERVICES AND OVERSEAS VISITORS 296
14.\r\rResidence and eligibility for\rservices 298
14.1 RESIDENCE: OVERVIEW 299
14.2 ORDINARY RESIDENCE: SOCIAL SERVICES 299
14.3 NHS: RESPONSIBLE COMMISSIONER 304
14.4 RESIDENCE: CROSS-BORDER RESPONSIBILITIES 305
14.5 RESIDENCE AND DISABLED FACILITIES GRANTS 307
PART III\rHousing, home adaptations,\rNHS services\rand joint working 309
15.\r\rHousing and home adaptations 311
15.1 PROVISION OF HOUSING ACCOMMODATION 313
15.2 COOPERATION BETWEEN HOUSING AND SOCIAL SERVICES\rAUTHORITIES 313
15.3 SUPPORTING PEOPLE 314
15.4 HOME ADAPTATIONS: DISABLED FACILITIES GRANTS (DFGS) 315
15.5 HOME ADAPTATIONS: REGULATORY REFORM ASSISTANCE 336
15.6 HOME ADAPTATIONS AND SOCIAL SERVICES AUTHORITIES 337
15.7 HOME ADAPTATIONS: GENERAL 341
16.\r\rNHS services and joint working 346
16.1 NHS BASIC DUTIES AND RESOURCES 350
16.2 GENERAL PRACTITIONERS 351
16.3 NHS LEGAL CASES AND SCARCE RESOURCES 351
16.4 NHS LEGAL CHALLENGES ON GROUNDS OTHER THAN\rRESOURCES 353
16.5 NHS DIRECTIONS AND GUIDANCE 355
16.6 NHS HEALTH SERVICE OMBUDSMAN INVESTIGATIONS AND\rRESOURCES 355
16.7 CONTINUING NHS HEALTH CARE 355
16.8 FREE REGISTERED NURSING CARE 367
16.9 PROVISION OF COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES IN CARE HOMES\rAND PEOPLE’S OWN HOMES 369
16.10 DISCHARGE OF PEOPLE FROM HOSPITAL 371
16.11 HOSPITAL DISCHARGE PRACTICE 375
16.12 INTERMEDIATE CARE 379
16.13 COMMUNITY EQUIPMENT SERVICES 380
16.14 CONTINENCE SERVICES AND EQUIPMENT 383
16.15 SINGLE ASSESSMENT PROCESS 387
16.16 NATIONAL SERVICE FRAMEWORKS 388
16.17 CARE PROGRAMME APPROACH: MENTAL HEALTH 390
16.18 MENTAL HEALTH ACT 1983 391
16.19 JOINTWORKING BETWEEN NHS AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES 391
16.20 NHS AND CHARGES FOR SERVICES 397
PART IV\rAdult protection,\rdecision-making capacity,\rinformation sharing,\rhuman rights,\rdisability discriminatio 399
17. \r\rAdult protection 401
17.1 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH GUIDANCE 403
17.2 SOCIAL SERVICES LEGISLATION 404
17.3 PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE ADULTS LIST 405
17.4 CRIMINAL RECORD CERTIFICATES 410
17.5 INTERVENTIONS 412
17.6 CRIME AND DISORDER STRATEGIES 423
17.7 MULTI-AGENCY PUBLIC PROTECTION ARRANGEMENTS (MAPPA) 424
17.8 ASSAULT, BATTERY AND SEXUAL OFFENCES 425
17.9 VULNERABLEWITNESSES AND SUSPECTS 428
17.10 HARASSMENT 430
17.11 NON-MOLESTATION ORDERS 431
17.12 OCCUPATION ORDERS 432
17.13 CIVIL TORTS 433
17.14 PHYSICAL RESTRAINT 434
17.15 FINANCIAL ABUSE 435
17.16 PROCEDURES AND INVESTIGATIONS 443
17.17 CARE STANDARDS AND ADULT PROTECTION 447
18\rDecision-making capacity 448
18.1 BACKGROUND 449
18.2 HEALTH ORWELFARE DECISIONS 450
18.3 APPOINTEES, POWER OF ATTORNEY, COURT OF PROTECTION 451
18.4 ASCERTAINING DECISION-MAKING CAPACITY 453
18.5 BEST INTERESTS 458
18.6 INFORMAL DECISION MAKING 459
18.7 NECESSARY GOODS AND SERVICES 460
18.8 INHERENT JURISDICTION OF THE COURTS 460
18.9 ADVANCE DECISIONS TO REFUSE TREATMENT 465
18.10 ADVOCACY 466
19.\r\rInformation sharing 467
19.1 COMMON LAWOF CONFIDENTIALITY AND HUMAN RIGHT 468
19.2 DATA PROTECTION ACT 1998 470
19.3 LEGISLATION SPECIFICALLY REFERRING TO INFORMATION\rDISCLOSURE 473
19.4 CALDICOTT GUARDIANS 474
19.5 LOSS OF INFORMATION 474
19.6 ACCESS TO NON-PERSONAL PUBLIC INFORMATION 474
20.\r\rHuman rights 476
20.1 HUMAN RIGHTS ACT 1998 477
20.2 EUROPEANCONVENTIONONHUMANRIGHTS 479
21.\r\rDisability discrimination 488
21.1 DEFINITION OF DISABILITY 489
21.2 PROVISION OF GOODS AND SERVICES TO THE PUBLIC 490
21.3 MANAGEMENT AND LETTING OF PREMISES 492
21.4 EDUCATION 494
21.5 RELATIONSHIP OF DDA TO OTHER LEGISLATION 495
PART V\rHealth and safety at work,\rnegligence, contract,\rnational regulation of care provision 497
22.\r\rHealth and safety at work\rlegislation 499
22.1 REASONABLE PRACTICABILITY IN HEALTH AND SAFETY 500
22.2 DUTIES TO EMPLOYEES 502
22.3 DUTIES OF EMPLOYEES 504
22.4 DUTY OF SELF-EMPLOYED PEOPLE 504
22.5 DUTY OF EMPLOYERS TO NON-EMPLOYEES 504
23.\r\rNegligence 506
23.1 BASIC RULES OF NEGLIGENCE 506
23.2 PROTECTION OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES FROM NEGLIGENCE 507
23.3WEIGHING UP RISKS AND BENEFITS 511
24.\r Regulation of care provision 513
24.1 REGULATION OF CARE PROVIDERS 514
24.2 DEFINITIONS OF CARE HOME AND DOMICILIARY CARE AGENCY 514
24.3 REGISTRATION AUTHORITIES 514
24.4 REGULATIONS 515
REFERENCES\r 522
LEGAL CASES 522
LOCAL GOVERNMENT OMBUDSMAN CASES 530
HEALTH SERVICE OMBUDSMAN CASES 534
ACTS OF PARLIAMENT\r(AND NORTHERN IRELAND ORDERS) 536
BILLS 539
STATUTORY INSTRUMENTS 539
CENTRAL GOVERNMENT GUIDANCE AND DIRECTIONS 540
OTHER REFERENCES 545
Index 549