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Essays on Toleration

Essays on Toleration

Peter Jones

(2018)

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Abstract

The diverse make-up of modern societies has long been a major preoccupation of political philosophy. It has also been a prominent focus for public policy. How should a society provide for the differences exhibited by its population? Should it view them with indifference, or seek to diminish them in the interest of social cohesion, or view them as positive goods that it should facilitate or promote? The answer cannot be simple, partly because the differences captured by the terms ‘difference’ or ‘diversity’ are themselves so diverse.

The essays brought together in this volume focus on one sort of response to difference: toleration. They were written at different times and deal with different aspects of toleration, but they are characterised by a number of common themes.
Peter Jones is one of the most important and influential contemporary thinkers on questions of toleration. His originality, sophisticated and nuanced thinking, and sensitivity to both the theoretical and the applied, has justifiably led to this prominence. Essays on Toleration is a key text for all those grappling with the complex politics of contemporary religious and cultural diversity.
Peter Balint, Senior Lecturer in International and Political Studies, UNSW Canberra
Peter Jones is Emeritus Professor of Political Philosophy at Newcastle University.
The meaning and relevance of toleration – the forbearing to interfere in some practice to which one objects – are both hotly disputed. In this important work, Peter Jones presents a compelling case for the significance of a political conception of toleration. At a time when cultural and religious differences threaten to overwhelm us, this robust defence of a liberal democratic toleration could hardly be more important.
Matt Matravers, Director of the Morrell Centre for Toleration, University of York
a thoughtful, well-argued book.... Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty.
This long-awaited collection of essays confirms Peter Jones’s status as a pioneer in the political philosophy of toleration. Toleration, Jones insists, is not simply a positive virtue, as it implies disapproval and dislike. What follows are sharp, lucid, and startlingly original analyses of the tolerant state, the grounds of religious accommodation, free speech and offense, the ambiguities of cultural recognition and the relationship between liberalism and pluralism. If you read just one volume on the philosophical challenges of toleration today, read this.
Cécile Laborde, Nuffield Chair in Political Theory, University of Oxford
Those of us who over the years have admired the keen forensic intelligence displayed in Peter Jones’s writing on toleration, cultural identity and the place of religion in a liberal society will be delighted to find these essays conveniently in one place. They combine the very highest level of argument with a strong commitment to liberal ideals. They are also written is a style that is, quite simply, a delight to read.
Albert Weale, University College London

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Essays on Toleration i
Essays on Toleration iii
Copyright iv
Contents vii
Acknowledgements ix
Preface xi
Introduction 1
Chapter 1 17
Making Sense of Political Toleration 17
Can There Be Liberal Democratic Toleration? 19
From Rulers to Rules 21
Upholding an Ideal of Toleration 22
Disapproval and Neutrality 23
Can a State Promote Toleration? 26
Agents, Observers, and Toleration 29
Agents, Patients, and Intolerance 31
Toleration and Compossibility 34
Conclusion 36
Notes 37
Chapter 2 43
Toleration and Neutrality 43
Toleration and Neutrality: Mutual Exclusion? 44
First- and Second-Order Reasons 46
Toleration and Orders of Reason 48
Tolerant Persons and Neutral Citizens 50
Rawlsian Tolerance and Second-Order Reasons 52
The Significance of Democratic Toleration 54
Notes 57
Chapter 3 61
Legalizing Toleration 61
Acknowledgement 66
Notes 66
References 66
Chapter 4 69
Toleration, Religion, and Accommodation 69
Religious Toleration: Unnecessary and Moribund? 70
Toleration and Liberal Democracy 72
Toleration and Accommodation 75
Toleration and the ECHR, Article 9 76
Toleration and Exemption 77
Toleration and Indirect Religious Discrimination 79
Conclusion 87
Notes 88
References 91
Chapter 5 93
Beliefs and Identities 93
From Beliefs to Identities or From Identities to Beliefs? 95
Beliefs, Embeddedness, and Choice 97
The Value of Identity 98
Beliefs and the Politics of Identity 100
Identities and Liberties 104
Taking Beliefs Seriously 108
Conclusion 109
Notes 110
Chapter 6 113
Toleration, the Rushdie Affair, and the Perils of Identity 113
Notes 125
Chapter 7 129
Toleration, Recognition, and Identity 129
Galeotti on Toleration as Recognition 130
Toleration and Negative Appraisal 132
The Idea of Recognition 133
Political Recognition and Majority Disapproval 135
Combining Recognition and Disapproval 137
Honneth and Taylor on Recognizing Particularity 141
Galeotti on Recognizing Difference 142
Should We Tolerate Identities? 145
Notes 148
Chapter 8 153
Liberalism, Belief, and Doubt 153
I 154
II 158
III 167
IV 172
Notes 174
Chapter 9 177
Toleration, Value-Pluralism, and the Fact of Pluralism 177
Terms of Reference 178
Toleration and the Demands of Value-pluralism 181
Value-pluralism and Reasonable Disagreement 186
Value-pluralism and the Fact of Pluralism 189
Acknowledgements 196
Notes 196
References 201
Chapter 10 203
Can Speech Be Intolerant? 203
Toleration, Intolerance, and Speech 203
Prevention and Speech 206
Criticism, Disapproval, and Dislike 208
Offensive Speech and Persecution 212
Social Disapproval and Hate Speech 213
Proselytism and Conversion 217
Conclusion 219
Notes 219
Chapter 11 223
International Toleration and the ‘War on Terror’ 223
The Possibility of International Toleration 225
Reasons for Toleration 226
Toleration and Respecting Persons 227
Rawls and the Society of Peoples 229
Groups: Corporate and Collective 231
Tolerating Cultural Difference 233
Democracy and Popular Sovereignty 237
Moral Equality and Social Inequality 238
Social Dissensus and the Limits of International Toleration 239
Notes 240
Index 243
About the Author 249