Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
The increasing interest in graphene, due to its unique properties and potential applications, is sparking intense research into chemically derived graphene. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the recent and state-of-the-art research on chemically derived graphene materials for different applications.
Starting with a brief introduction on chemically derived graphene, subsequent chapters look at various fascinating applications such as electrode materials for fuel cells, Li/Na-ion batteries, metal–air batteries and Li-S batteries, photocatalysts for degradation of pollutants and solar-to-fuels conversion, biosensing platforms, and anti-corrosion coatings. The emphasis throughout this book is on experimental studies and the unique aspects of chemically derived graphene in these fields, including novel functionalization methods, particular physicochemical properties and consequently enhanced performance.
With contributions from key researchers, the book provides a detailed resource on the latest progress and the future directions of chemically derived graphene for students and researchers across materials science, chemistry, nanoengineering and related fields.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Chemically Derived Graphene: Functionalization, Properties and Applications | i | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Contents | xi | ||
| Chapter 1 - Introduction to Chemically Derived Graphene | 1 | ||
| 1.1 General Background of Graphite and Its Derivatives | 1 | ||
| 1.2 Preparation Methods and State-of-the-art Research Progress | 4 | ||
| 1.2.1 Chemical Oxidation–Exfoliation–Reduction of Graphite | 4 | ||
| 1.2.2 Liquid Exfoliation | 6 | ||
| 1.2.3 Solid Exfoliation by Ball Milling | 7 | ||
| 1.2.4 Intercalation–Exfoliation | 8 | ||
| 1.2.5 Large-scale Manufacturing Processes | 9 | ||
| 1.3 Properties of Chemically Derived Graphene | 10 | ||
| 1.3.1 Physical Properties | 10 | ||
| 1.3.2 Chemical Properties | 11 | ||
| 1.3.2.1 Functionalization with Polymers | 11 | ||
| 1.3.2.2 Functionalization with Ceramic Matrices | 11 | ||
| 1.3.2.3 Functionalization with Metals | 12 | ||
| 1.3.2.4 Functionalization with Metal Oxides | 13 | ||
| 1.3.3 Thermal Properties | 14 | ||
| 1.3.4 Electrical Properties | 16 | ||
| 1.3.5 Electrochemical Properties | 17 | ||
| 1.3.6 Mechanical Properties | 19 | ||
| 1.4 Challenges for the Development of Chemically Derived Graphene | 20 | ||
| 1.4.1 Technical Challenges | 20 | ||
| 1.4.2 Economic Challenges | 21 | ||
| 1.4.3 Environmental and Safety Challenges | 22 | ||
| References | 23 | ||
| Chapter 2 - Preparation and Characteristics of Edge-functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelets and Their Applications | 30 | ||
| 2.1 Introduction | 30 | ||
| 2.2 Preparation of EFGnPs | 32 | ||
| 2.2.1 EFGnPs by Friedel–Crafts Acylation | 33 | ||
| 2.2.2 EFGnPs by Mechanochemical Reaction | 34 | ||
| 2.3 Edge-selectivity of EFGnPs | 36 | ||
| 2.4 Tuning the Multifunctionality of EFGnPs | 39 | ||
| 2.5 Dispersibility and Average Layer Number of EFGnPs | 41 | ||
| 2.6 Applications of EFGnPs | 42 | ||
| 2.6.1 Plastic Additives | 43 | ||
| 2.6.2 Flame Retardants | 43 | ||
| 2.6.3 Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts in Fuel Cells | 45 | ||
| 2.6.4 Counter-electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells | 50 | ||
| 2.6.5 Anode Materials for Li-ion Batteries | 55 | ||
| 2.6.6 Electrode Materials for Vanadium Redox-flow Batteries | 59 | ||
| 2.6.7 Electrode Materials for Electrical Double-layer Capacitors (EDLCs) | 60 | ||
| 2.7 Perspective | 61 | ||
| 2.8 Summary | 62 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 63 | ||
| References | 63 | ||
| Chapter 3 - Functionalization of Chemically Derived Graphene as Electrode Materials for Fuel Cells | 68 | ||
| 3.1 Introduction | 68 | ||
| 3.2 Graphene-supported Pt and Pt-alloys as Highly Efficient Catalysts | 71 | ||
| 3.2.1 Pt/Graphene-based Electrode Materials for the HOR | 72 | ||
| 3.2.2 Pt/Graphene-based Electrode Materials for the ORR | 73 | ||
| 3.2.3 Pt/Graphene-based Electrode Materials for the MOR | 75 | ||
| 3.3 Graphene-based Composites as Non-noble Metal Electrocatalysts | 84 | ||
| 3.3.1 Graphene-based Non-noble Metal Composites for the HOR | 85 | ||
| 3.3.2 Graphene-based Non-noble Metal Composites for the ORR | 85 | ||
| 3.4 Concluding Remarks | 92 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 93 | ||
| References | 94 | ||
| Chapter 4 - Functionalization of Chemically Derived Graphene for Solar Energy Conversion | 102 | ||
| 4.1 Functionalized Graphene: Properties and Basic Principles for the Enhancement of Its Properties | 102 | ||
| 4.2 Functionalization of Graphene for Solar Energy Harvesting | 104 | ||
| 4.3 Applications of Functionalized Graphene for Solar-to-energy Conversion | 107 | ||
| 4.3.1 Photovoltaic Systems | 107 | ||
| 4.3.2 Photochemical Systems | 111 | ||
| 4.3.3 Photoelectrochemical Systems | 117 | ||
| 4.4 Conclusions and Outlook | 122 | ||
| Acknowledgement | 123 | ||
| References | 123 | ||
| Chapter 5 - Functionalization of Chemically Derived Graphene for Photocatalysis | 128 | ||
| 5.1 Introduction | 128 | ||
| 5.2 Fundamental Roles of Chemically Derived Graphene in Photocatalysis | 131 | ||
| 5.2.1 Photocatalysts | 131 | ||
| 5.2.2 Conductive Support | 131 | ||
| 5.2.3 Adsorbents | 133 | ||
| 5.2.4 Photosensitizers | 134 | ||
| 5.2.5 Cocatalysts | 134 | ||
| 5.2.6 General View of Chemically Derived Graphene in Photocatalysis | 135 | ||
| 5.3 Design and Synthesis of Graphene-based Composite Photocatalysts | 136 | ||
| 5.3.1 Synthesis of Graphene–Inorganic Semiconductor Composites | 136 | ||
| 5.3.2 Synthesis of Graphene–Organic Semiconductor Composites | 139 | ||
| 5.3.3 Synthesis of Graphene–Plasmonic Metal Composites | 141 | ||
| 5.3.4 Synthesis of Graphene-based Ternary Composites | 142 | ||
| 5.4 Photocatalytic Applications of Graphene-based Composites | 142 | ||
| 5.4.1 Degradation of Pollutants | 142 | ||
| 5.4.2 Photocatalytic Water Splitting | 145 | ||
| 5.4.3 Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 | 147 | ||
| 5.5 Conclusions and Outlook | 149 | ||
| Acknowledgement | 150 | ||
| References | 150 | ||
| Chapter 6 - Graphene-based Materials as Electrodes for Li/Na-ion Batteries | 155 | ||
| 6.1 Introduction | 155 | ||
| 6.2 Graphene-based Materials as Electrodes for LIBs | 157 | ||
| 6.2.1 Graphene and Heteroatom-doped Graphene as Anodes for LIBs | 158 | ||
| 6.2.2 Graphene-containing Materials as Electrodes for LIBs | 165 | ||
| 6.2.2.1 Graphene-containing Materials as Anodes for LIBs | 165 | ||
| 6.2.2.2 Graphene-containing Materials as Cathodes for LIBs | 174 | ||
| 6.2.2.3 Graphene-containing Materials as Electrodes for LIB Full Cells | 175 | ||
| 6.3 Graphene-based Materials as Electrodes for SIBs | 177 | ||
| 6.3.1 Graphene and Heteroatom-doped Graphene as Anodes for SIBs | 180 | ||
| 6.3.2 Graphene-containing Composites for SIBs | 182 | ||
| 6.3.2.1 Graphene-containing Materials as Anodes for SIBs | 182 | ||
| 6.3.2.2 Graphene-containing Materials as Cathodes for SIBs | 187 | ||
| 6.4 Conclusions and Perspectives | 187 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 190 | ||
| References | 191 | ||
| Chapter 7 - Functionalization of Chemically Derived Graphene as Electrode Materials for Metal–Air Batteries | 199 | ||
| 7.1 Introduction | 199 | ||
| 7.2 Application of Graphene in Li–O2 Batteries | 200 | ||
| 7.2.1 Pristine Graphene | 202 | ||
| 7.2.2 Heteroatom-doped Graphene | 203 | ||
| 7.2.3 Graphene/Noble Metals or Transition Metal Oxides | 206 | ||
| 7.2.4 Recent Breakthroughs with Graphene | 209 | ||
| 7.2.5 Investigated Electrochemistry Mechanisms with Graphene | 210 | ||
| 7.2.6 Brief Introduction to the Application of Graphene in Li–CO2 Batteries | 212 | ||
| 7.3 Application of Graphene in Na–Air Batteries | 212 | ||
| 7.4 Application of Graphene in Other Metal (Zn, Al, Mg)–Air Batteries | 213 | ||
| 7.5 Summary and Outlook | 214 | ||
| References | 216 | ||
| Chapter 8 - Application of Graphene Derivatives in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries | 222 | ||
| 8.1 Introduction | 222 | ||
| 8.2 Cathode | 225 | ||
| 8.2.1 Graphene as a Cathode Composite | 226 | ||
| 8.2.2 Graphene as Interlayer | 229 | ||
| 8.3 Separator | 229 | ||
| 8.4 Anode | 232 | ||
| 8.4.1 Graphene as an Active Li-ion Host | 233 | ||
| 8.4.2 Graphene as an Artificial SEI | 235 | ||
| 8.5 Conclusions | 235 | ||
| References | 236 | ||
| Chapter 9 - Functionalization of Chemically Derived Graphene for High-performance Supercapacitors | 242 | ||
| 9.1 Introduction | 242 | ||
| 9.2 Surface and Structural Functionalization of CDG | 245 | ||
| 9.2.1 Modification of Graphene Sheets | 245 | ||
| 9.2.2 Formation of Graphene Networks with Different Structures | 249 | ||
| 9.3 Functionalization of CDG with Additional Materials | 255 | ||
| 9.3.1 Functionalization of CDG Sheets with a Spacer | 255 | ||
| 9.3.2 Functionalization of CDG with Pseudocapacitive Materials | 261 | ||
| 9.4 Conclusions | 270 | ||
| Acknowledgement | 271 | ||
| References | 271 | ||
| Chapter 10 - Functionalization of Chemically Derived Graphene for Flexible and Wearable Fiber Energy Devices | 279 | ||
| 10.1 Introduction | 279 | ||
| 10.2 Chemically Derived Graphene for Graphene Fibers: Synthesis and Properties | 280 | ||
| 10.2.1 Synthesis of Chemically Derived Graphene | 280 | ||
| 10.2.2 Reduction of Graphene Oxide | 282 | ||
| 10.2.3 Fabrications and Properties of Graphene and Their Composite Fibers | 282 | ||
| 10.3 Graphene-based Fibers for Flexible and Wearable Energy Devices | 288 | ||
| 10.3.1 Graphene-based Fibers for Flexible and Wearable Solar Cells | 288 | ||
| 10.3.2 Graphene-based Fibers for Flexible and Wearable Supercapacitors | 292 | ||
| 10.3.3 Graphene-based Fibers for Flexible and Wearable Batteries | 294 | ||
| 10.4 Graphene-based Wearable Fiber-shaped Integrated Energy Devices | 296 | ||
| 10.5 Conclusions and Outlook | 298 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 299 | ||
| References | 299 | ||
| Chapter 11 - Chemically Derived Graphene for Water Purification and Gas Separation | 303 | ||
| 11.1 Introduction | 303 | ||
| 11.2 NPG-based Membranes | 305 | ||
| 11.2.1 Water Purification | 305 | ||
| 11.2.2 Gas Separation | 310 | ||
| 11.3 GO-based Membranes | 316 | ||
| 11.3.1 Water Purification | 316 | ||
| 11.3.2 Gas Separation | 318 | ||
| 11.4 Conclusions | 321 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 322 | ||
| References | 322 | ||
| Chapter 12 - Chemically Derived Graphene for Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensing | 328 | ||
| 12.1 Introduction | 328 | ||
| 12.2 Label-free Biosensing Based on SPR | 330 | ||
| 12.3 Linking Layers Based on CDG for Biosensing Interfaces of Label-free SPR Biosensors | 333 | ||
| 12.3.1 Deposition of Graphene-based Linking Layers on Biosensing Surfaces | 333 | ||
| 12.3.2 Optical Properties of Graphene and GO Linking Layers | 336 | ||
| 12.4 Surface Chemistry of Graphene-based Linking Layers | 339 | ||
| 12.4.1 Immobilisation Methods for Label-free Graphene Biosensors | 339 | ||
| 12.4.2 Comparison of the Adsorption Capacity of Graphene-based Linking Layers with Existing Linking-layers of SPR Biosensors Base... | 342 | ||
| 12.5 Investigation of Biomolecular Interactions Using SPR Graphene Biosensors | 344 | ||
| 12.5.1 Protein Interactions | 344 | ||
| 12.5.2 DNA Interactions | 345 | ||
| 12.5.3 Small-molecule Sensing | 347 | ||
| 12.5.4 Nanoparticle-assisted Signal Amplification | 348 | ||
| 12.6 Conclusion | 349 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 351 | ||
| References | 351 | ||
| Chapter 13 - Principle, Properties, and Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide as Anticorrosion Coating Materials | 354 | ||
| 13.1 Introduction | 354 | ||
| 13.2 Direct Application as Anticorrosion Coating | 356 | ||
| 13.3 Application as Nanofiller Additive in Anticorrosion Coatings | 365 | ||
| 13.4 Functionalized Graphene in Anticorrosion Coatings | 367 | ||
| 13.5 Use of Graphene as an Interlayer in Layer-by-layer Self-assembled Multilayer Films | 375 | ||
| 13.6 Summary and Outlook | 379 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 379 | ||
| References | 379 | ||
| Subject Index | 384 |