Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Salient Features
- Systemize presentation of text in Question-Answer format helps in revision and self-assessment before examination
- Extensively revised, updated, and strengthened to keep up with the latest changes in the standard books of physiology
- Thoroughly revised topics like blood; nerve and muscle; cardiovascular system; and central nervous system
- Large number of diagrams, tables and flowcharts to facilitate quick learning and greater retention of knowledge
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Front matter | iii | ||
| Physiology Prep Manual for Undergraduates Sixth Edition | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Foreword | vii | ||
| Preface to the sixth edition | ix | ||
| Preface to the first edition | x | ||
| 1 The cell and general physiology | 1 | ||
| Cell and cell organelles | 1 | ||
| Cell division | 2 | ||
| Cell death | 4 | ||
| Homeostasis | 4 | ||
| Transport across cell membrane | 7 | ||
| Simple diffusion | 8 | ||
| Facilitated diffusion | 9 | ||
| Active transport | 11 | ||
| Primary active transport | 11 | ||
| Mechanism of pump (fig. 1.6): | 11 | ||
| Secondary active transport | 12 | ||
| Mechanism of cotransport | 12 | ||
| Mechanism of countertransport | 13 | ||
| Pinocytosis and phagocytosis | 13 | ||
| Osmosis and osmotic pressure* | 14 | ||
| Resting membrane potential | 15 | ||
| 2 Blood | 18 | ||
| Body fluids | 18 | ||
| Measurements of volumes of different fluids | 19 | ||
| Blood | 22 | ||
| Blood volume | 23 | ||
| Blood pH | 25 | ||
| Plasma proteins | 25 | ||
| Nonprotein nitrogenous substances | 28 | ||
| Blood cells | 28 | ||
| Haemopoiesis – formation of blood cells | 28 | ||
| Red blood cells | 28 | ||
| Haemoglobin | 32 | ||
| Metabolism of B₁₂ | 34 | ||
| Metabolism of iron | 34 | ||
| Anaemia | 35 | ||
| Polycythaemia | 38 | ||
| Lifespan and fate of RBC | 38 | ||
| Fragility | 39 | ||
| ESR | 39 | ||
| Jaundice | 40 | ||
| White blood cells | 41 | ||
| Formation of WBCs | 44 | ||
| Abnormalities | 46 | ||
| Platelets | 48 | ||
| Clotting of blood | 50 | ||
| Anticoagulants | 54 | ||
| Diseases | 55 | ||
| Methods for determination of defects in blood clotting | 56 | ||
| Clot lysis | 56 | ||
| Blood groups | 57 | ||
| Blood transfusion | 58 | ||
| Rh blood group system | 60 | ||
| Lymphatic system | 61 | ||
| 3 Immunity | 65 | ||
| Introduction | 65 | ||
| Classification | 65 | ||
| Nonspecific immunity | 65 | ||
| Specific immunity | 66 | ||
| Humoral immunity | 67 | ||
| Cell-mediated immunity | 70 | ||
| Factors affecting resistance to infection | 72 | ||
| Allergy | 73 | ||
| AIDS | 73 | ||
| 4 Digestion and absorption | 75 | ||
| Introduction | 75 | ||
| Gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) | 75 | ||
| Mastication | 76 | ||
| Salivary glands | 77 | ||
| Deglutition | 80 | ||
| Anatomy of stomach | 82 | ||
| Functions of stomach | 82 | ||
| Motor functions | 82 | ||
| Control of pyloric sphincter | 84 | ||
| Vomiting | 85 | ||
| Secretory function | 86 | ||
| Small intestine | 93 | ||
| Structure | 93 | ||
| Secretion | 94 | ||
| Movements | 95 | ||
| Pancreas | 96 | ||
| Bile | 98 | ||
| Large intestine | 102 | ||
| Digestion and absorption | 104 | ||
| 5 Excretory system | 109 | ||
| Introduction | 109 | ||
| Structure of nephron | 109 | ||
| Blood flow to kidneys | 111 | ||
| Formation of urine | 112 | ||
| Glomerular filtration | 113 | ||
| Reabsorption | 117 | ||
| Secretion | 120 | ||
| Tubular load, tubular maximum | 120 | ||
| Plasma clearance | 122 | ||
| Formation of dilute or concentrated urine | 124 | ||
| Regulation of electrolyte balance | 126 | ||
| Regulation of pH of body fluids | 129 | ||
| Renal function tests | 133 | ||
| Micturition | 134 | ||
| Dialysis | 136 | ||
| 6 Temperature regulation | 137 | ||
| Introduction | 137 | ||
| Mechanisms of heat production | 137 | ||
| Mechanisms of heat loss | 138 | ||
| Regulation of body temperature | 139 | ||
| Abnormalities in temperature regulation | 142 | ||
| Skin and its functions | 142 | ||
| 7 Respiratory system | 144 | ||
| Introduction | 144 | ||
| Pulmonary circulation | 146 | ||
| Mechanism of respiration | 148 | ||
| Pulmonary pressures | 150 | ||
| Intrapleural pressure | 150 | ||
| Intra-alveolar pressure | 153 | ||
| Transpulmonary pressure | 153 | ||
| Applied aspect | 153 | ||
| Compliance | 154 | ||
| Applied aspect | 155 | ||
| Work of breathing | 155 | ||
| Ventilation | 156 | ||
| Dead space air | 161 | ||
| Alveolar ventilation | 163 | ||
| VA/Q ratio | 163 | ||
| Applied aspect | 165 | ||
| Diffusion of gases | 166 | ||
| Respiratory membrane | 166 | ||
| Factors affecting diffusion of gases | 166 | ||
| Diffusing capacity of lungs | 168 | ||
| Transport of gases | 168 | ||
| Transport of oxygen | 168 | ||
| Transport of carbon dioxide | 172 | ||
| Respiratory exchange ratio | 174 | ||
| Applied aspect | 175 | ||
| Regulation of respiration | 175 | ||
| Nervous regulation | 176 | ||
| Chemical regulation | 178 | ||
| Periodic breathing | 180 | ||
| Important respiratory reflexes | 181 | ||
| Receptors in the airway | 181 | ||
| Terms used for altered respiration | 182 | ||
| Hypoxia | 183 | ||
| Acclimatization | 185 | ||
| Mountain sickness | 186 | ||
| Hyperbaric oxygen therapy | 186 | ||
| Cyanosis | 186 | ||
| Artificial respiration | 187 | ||
| Exposure to low atmospheric pressure | 187 | ||
| Exposure to high atmospheric pressure | 188 | ||
| Cardiorespiratory changes during exercise | 188 | ||
| 8 Special senses | 192 | ||
| Vision | 192 | ||
| Eye | 192 | ||
| Aqueous humour | 194 | ||
| Vitreous humour | 195 | ||
| Refraction | 195 | ||
| Errors of refraction | 197 | ||
| Accommodation | 199 | ||
| Visual acuity | 201 | ||
| Depth perception | 202 | ||
| Retina | 203 | ||
| Receptors | 204 | ||
| Photochemistry of rods | 205 | ||
| Photochemistry of cones (colour vision) | 207 | ||
| Dark and light adaptation | 208 | ||
| Neuronal connections in retina | 210 | ||
| Visual pathway | 212 | ||
| Field of vision | 215 | ||
| Muscles of eye and eye movements | 218 | ||
| Pupillary reflexes | 219 | ||
| Horner syndrome | 220 | ||
| Hearing | 220 | ||
| Introduction | 220 | ||
| Structure and functions of external (outer) and middle ear | 221 | ||
| Structure and functions of inner ear (cochlea) | 223 | ||
| Auditory pathway | 228 | ||
| Deafness | 230 | ||
| Taste | 232 | ||
| Smell | 234 | ||
| Equilibrium | 236 | ||
| Structure and functions of vestibular apparatus | 236 | ||
| Vestibular pathway | 239 | ||
| Nystagmus | 240 | ||
| Vestibular function tests | 240 | ||
| 9 Endocrinology | 241 | ||
| Introduction | 241 | ||
| Hormones | 242 | ||
| Anterior pituitary gland | 245 | ||
| Growth hormone | 246 | ||
| Posterior pituitary gland | 248 | ||
| Thyroid gland | 250 | ||
| Actions of thyroid hormones | 251 | ||
| Regulation of thyroid hormones | 254 | ||
| Thyroid function tests | 255 | ||
| Applied | 255 | ||
| Adrenal cortex and medulla | 257 | ||
| Adrenal medullary hormones | 257 | ||
| Applied | 260 | ||
| Adrenocortical hormones | 260 | ||
| Mineralocorticoids: | 261 | ||
| Regulation | 262 | ||
| Glucocorticoids | 263 | ||
| Regulation | 264 | ||
| Other hormones | 266 | ||
| Applied | 266 | ||
| Pancreas | 267 | ||
| Insulin | 268 | ||
| Actions of insulin | 268 | ||
| Regulation | 270 | ||
| Applied | 271 | ||
| Glucagon | 273 | ||
| Actions of glucagon | 273 | ||
| Regulation | 273 | ||
| Somatostatin | 273 | ||
| Parathyroid | 274 | ||
| Calcium and phosphate metabolism | 274 | ||
| Composition and formation of bone | 275 | ||
| Parathyroid hormone | 277 | ||
| Actions | 277 | ||
| Regulation | 278 | ||
| Vitamin D | 278 | ||
| Calcitonin | 278 | ||
| Control of calcium ion concentration | 279 | ||
| Tetany | 279 | ||
| Hypercalcaemia | 280 | ||
| Hypoparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism | 280 | ||
| Rickets | 280 | ||
| Osteomalacia | 281 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 281 | ||
| 10 Reproduction | 282 | ||
| Male reproductive system | 282 | ||
| Male sex organs | 282 | ||
| Spermatogenesis | 282 | ||
| Seminal vesicles and prostate | 285 | ||
| Semen | 286 | ||
| Capacitation | 286 | ||
| Fertilization of ovum | 286 | ||
| Effect of temperature on spermatogenesis | 287 | ||
| Hormones of testis | 287 | ||
| Puberty and male climacteric | 289 | ||
| Female reproductive system | 290 | ||
| Female sex organs | 290 | ||
| Hormones | 291 | ||
| Menstrual cycle | 291 | ||
| Ovarian hormones | 291 | ||
| Pregnancy | 299 | ||
| Parturition | 303 | ||
| Lactation | 303 | ||
| Circulatory changes at birth | 304 | ||
| Contraception | 305 | ||
| 11 Nerve and muscle | 307 | ||
| Nerve | 307 | ||
| Introduction and classification | 307 | ||
| Stimulus | 308 | ||
| Initiation of action potential | 309 | ||
| Propagation of action potential | 309 | ||
| Recording of action potential | 311 | ||
| Properties of nerve fibre | 314 | ||
| Degeneration of nerve | 316 | ||
| Reaction of degeneration | 317 | ||
| Muscle | 317 | ||
| Introduction | 317 | ||
| Structure of skeletal muscle | 318 | ||
| Excitation–contraction coupling | 321 | ||
| Muscle contraction | 321 | ||
| Energetics of muscle contraction | 324 | ||
| Muscle tension | 325 | ||
| Types of skeletal muscle fibres | 327 | ||
| Properties of skeletal muscle | 328 | ||
| Tetanus | 329 | ||
| Fatigue | 330 | ||
| Common terms used | 330 | ||
| EMG | 332 | ||
| Neuromuscular junction | 333 | ||
| Structure | 333 | ||
| Transmission of impulse | 334 | ||
| Drugs affecting neuromuscular junction | 334 | ||
| Myasthenia gravis | 335 | ||
| Muscle rigour | 335 | ||
| Functions of skeletal muscles | 335 | ||
| Comparison of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles | 336 | ||
| Smooth muscle | 340 | ||
| 12 Cardiovascular system | 342 | ||
| Introduction | 342 | ||
| Cardiac muscle | 343 | ||
| Initiation and conduction of cardiac impulse | 344 | ||
| Applied aspect | 349 | ||
| Nervous control of heart rhythm | 349 | ||
| Cardiac cycle | 350 | ||
| Heart sounds | 355 | ||
| Electrocardiogram | 357 | ||
| Abnormalities in rate and rhythms* | 363 | ||
| Haemodynamics | 364 | ||
| Pulse | 369 | ||
| Venous system | 369 | ||
| Capillary system | 370 | ||
| Control of blood flow | 372 | ||
| Nervous control of blood flow | 374 | ||
| Blood pressure | 375 | ||
| Vasomotor centre | 375 | ||
| Short-term mechanisms regulating blood pressure | 377 | ||
| Long-term mechanisms regulating blood pressure | 381 | ||
| Cardiac output | 382 | ||
| Shock | 384 | ||
| Regulation of blood flow through skeletal muscle | 387 | ||
| Heart rate | 387 | ||
| Cardiac failure* | 388 | ||
| Coronary circulation | 390 | ||
| Cerebral circulation | 393 | ||
| Pulmonary circulation | 394 | ||
| 13 Central nervous system | 395 | ||
| Introduction | 395 | ||
| Levels of CNS function | 395 | ||
| Types of cells in nervous system | 396 | ||
| Nerve-fibres classification | 397 | ||
| Synapse | 397 | ||
| Definition | 398 | ||
| Types | 398 | ||
| Structure | 398 | ||
| Synaptic transmission | 399 | ||
| EPSP | 400 | ||
| IPSP | 400 | ||
| Properties of synapse | 401 | ||
| Neurotransmitters | 404 | ||
| Important neurotransmitters | 404 | ||
| Sensory system | 405 | ||
| Introduction | 405 | ||
| Classification of sensations | 406 | ||
| Receptors | 406 | ||
| Classification | 406 | ||
| Properties | 407 | ||
| Receptor potential | 409 | ||
| Cutaneous sensations | 409 | ||
| Sensory pathway | 410 | ||
| Ascending tracts | 410 | ||
| Physiology of pain | 414 | ||
| Reflexes | 419 | ||
| Classification | 419 | ||
| Properties of reflex action | 421 | ||
| Important reflexes | 422 | ||
| Stretch reflex | 422 | ||
| Applied aspect | 426 | ||
| Golgi tendon reflex | 426 | ||
| Withdrawal reflex | 427 | ||
| Difference in monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex | 427 | ||
| Spinal cord | 427 | ||
| Spinal reflexes | 429 | ||
| Motor system | 430 | ||
| Introduction | 430 | ||
| Descending tracts | 431 | ||
| Pyramidal (corticospinal tract) | 431 | ||
| Extrapyramidal tracts | 432 | ||
| Difference between lateral and medial motor systems | 435 | ||
| Difference between pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems | 435 | ||
| Transection of spinal cord | 436 | ||
| Brainstem | 438 | ||
| Muscle tone | 440 | ||
| Abnormalities | 442 | ||
| Posture and equilibrium | 443 | ||
| Decorticate preparation | 446 | ||
| Hypothalamus | 446 | ||
| Structure | 446 | ||
| Connections | 447 | ||
| Functions | 448 | ||
| Limbic system | 450 | ||
| Reticular formation | 451 | ||
| Thalamus | 453 | ||
| Structure | 453 | ||
| Connections | 454 | ||
| Functions | 455 | ||
| Applied aspect | 455 | ||
| Basal ganglia | 455 | ||
| Structure | 455 | ||
| Connections | 456 | ||
| Functions | 459 | ||
| Effects of damage* | 460 | ||
| Cerebellum | 461 | ||
| Structure | 461 | ||
| Connections | 463 | ||
| Structural unit | 465 | ||
| Functions* | 466 | ||
| Cerebellar damage* | 468 | ||
| Cerebral cortex | 468 | ||
| Structure | 468 | ||
| Control of voluntary movements | 470 | ||
| Frontal lobe | 470 | ||
| Connections and functions | 470 | ||
| Occipital lobe | 475 | ||
| Index | 489 | ||
| A | 489 | ||
| B | 490 | ||
| C | 490 | ||
| D | 492 | ||
| E | 492 | ||
| F | 493 | ||
| G | 493 | ||
| H | 494 | ||
| I | 495 | ||
| J | 495 | ||
| L | 495 | ||
| M | 496 | ||
| N | 496 | ||
| O | 497 | ||
| P | 497 | ||
| Q | 498 | ||
| R | 498 | ||
| S | 499 | ||
| T | 500 | ||
| U | 501 | ||
| V | 501 | ||
| W | 502 | ||
| Z | 502 |