Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Covering the field’s latest trends and treatments, Psychiatric Nursing, 8th Edition provides you with the solid, therapeutic skills you need to deliver safe and effective psychiatric nursing care. This new edition features a unique, three-pronged approach to psychotherapeutic management which emphasizes the nurse’s three primary tools: themselves and their relationship with patients, medications, and the environment. Written in a friendly, approachable style, this text clearly defines the nurse’s role in caring for individuals with psychiatric disorders like no other book on the market!
- Unique! A practical, three-pronged approach to psychotherapeutic management includes: 1) the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship, 2) psychopharmacology, and 3) milieu management.
- Unique! Norm’s Notes offer helpful tips from the lead author, Norman Keltner, at the beginning of each chapter, making it easier to understand difficult topics
- DSM-5 information is integrated throughout the text, along with updated content and NANDA content.
- Patient and Family Education boxes highlight information that the nurse should provide to patients and families.
- Nursing care plans highlight the nurse’s role in psychiatric care, emphasizing assessment, planning, nursing diagnoses, implementation, and evaluation for specific disorders.
- Case studies depict psychiatric disorders and show the development of effective nursing care strategies.
- NEW! Chapter on Models for Working with Psychiatric Patients revised as new chapter on Emotional Focused Model of Behavior.
- NEW! Update to various chapters within Unit III: Medication: Psychopharmacology, include the latest drugs used for managing psychiatric disorders.
- NEW! Update to Communicate Professionally chapter includes methods of communication including social media and other current forms of technology.
- NEW! Update to Variables Affecting The Therapeutic Environment: Violence and Suicide chapter reorganizes how the five-phase assault cycle is presented so it flows better and is easier to comprehend.
- NEW! Several of the clinical disorders chapters such as the Schizophrenia, Depressive Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders updated with the latest information on treatments and drugs.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ES2 | ||
| Psychiatric Nursing | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Reviewers | vi | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Teaching And Learning Resources | viii | ||
| For Instructors | viii | ||
| For Students | viii | ||
| Acknowledgments | ix | ||
| Contents | x | ||
| UNIT I: The Basics | 1 | ||
| Chapter 1: Me, Meds, Milieu | 1 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic management | 1 | ||
| One Size Does Not Fit All! | 2 | ||
| Application of Psychotherapeutic Management Interventions | 2 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic management: three interventions | 2 | ||
| Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship | 2 | ||
| Psychopharmacology | 3 | ||
| Milieu Management | 3 | ||
| Other Important Components of Understanding Psychiatric Nursing | 4 | ||
| Psychopathology: The Key to Psychotherapeutic Management | 4 | ||
| Special Populations | 4 | ||
| Continuum of care: all the places to implement me, meds, and milieu | 4 | ||
| Hospital-Based Care | 5 | ||
| Long-Term Care (Residential Services) | 5 | ||
| Traditional Outpatient Services | 6 | ||
| Day Treatment Programs | 6 | ||
| Self-Help Groups | 6 | ||
| Other Outpatient Programs | 7 | ||
| Primary care | 7 | ||
| Use of the Nursing Process in the Community | 7 | ||
| Study notes | 7 | ||
| References | 8 | ||
| Chapter 2: Historical Issues | 9 | ||
| Benchmarks in psychiatric history | 9 | ||
| Benchmark I: Period of Enlightenment | 11 | ||
| Asylum | 11 | ||
| Benchmark II: Period of Scientific Study | 11 | ||
| Early Scientists | 12 | ||
| Benchmark III: Period of Psychotropic Drugs | 12 | ||
| Benchmark IV: Period of Community Mental Health | 12 | ||
| Deinstitutionalization | 13 | ||
| Shifting the Cost of Mental Illness or ``Follow the Money´´ | 13 | ||
| Depopulation of State Hospitals | 13 | ||
| Community Effects: From Deinstitutionalization to Transinstitutionalization | 13 | ||
| Benchmark V: Decade of the Brain | 14 | ||
| Issues that affect the delivery of psychiatric care | 15 | ||
| Paradigm Shift in Psychiatric Care | 15 | ||
| Homelessness | 15 | ||
| Community-Based Care | 16 | ||
| Diagnostic Bible of Psychiatry | 16 | ||
| Psychiatric Nursing Education: Three Firsts | 17 | ||
| First Psychiatric Nurse | 17 | ||
| First Psychiatric Nursing Textbook | 17 | ||
| First Psychiatric Nursing Theorist | 17 | ||
| Current and future historical issues | 17 | ||
| Summary | 17 | ||
| Study notes | 18 | ||
| References | 18 | ||
| Chapter 3: Legal Issues | 20 | ||
| Sources of Law | 21 | ||
| Common Law | 21 | ||
| Statutory Law | 22 | ||
| Administrative Law | 22 | ||
| Torts (Civil Law) | 22 | ||
| Negligence | 22 | ||
| Duty to Care | 22 | ||
| Reasonable Care (Standard of Care) | 23 | ||
| Breach of Duty | 23 | ||
| Proximate Cause or Causation | 23 | ||
| Malpractice | 23 | ||
| Nursing Implications | 23 | ||
| Duty to Warn Others | 23 | ||
| Nursing Implications | 24 | ||
| Assault, Battery, and False Imprisonment | 24 | ||
| Assault | 24 | ||
| Battery | 24 | ||
| False Imprisonment | 24 | ||
| Commitment Issues | 24 | ||
| Voluntary Patients | 24 | ||
| Involuntary Patients (Commitment) | 25 | ||
| Emergency Care | 25 | ||
| Nursing Implications | 25 | ||
| Short-Term Observation and Treatment | 25 | ||
| UNIT II: Me: Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship | 64 | ||
| Chapter 7: Models for Working With Psychiatric Patients | 64 | ||
| Recovery model | 64 | ||
| Key Concepts | 64 | ||
| Relevance to Nursing Practice | 65 | ||
| Attachment theory | 66 | ||
| UNIT III: Meds: Psychopharmacology | 115 | ||
| Chapter 12: Introduction to Psychotropic Drugs | 115 | ||
| Nursing Responsibilities | 116 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics: what the body does to the drug | 117 | ||
| Absorption | 117 | ||
| Distribution | 117 | ||
| Metabolism | 117 | ||
| Monoamine Oxidase System | 118 | ||
| Cytochrome Enzyme System | 118 | ||
| Half-Life of Drugs | 119 | ||
| Excretion | 119 | ||
| Pharmacodynamics: what the drug does to the body | 119 | ||
| Downregulation | 119 | ||
| Pharmacodynamic Tolerance | 119 | ||
| Drug-Drug Interactions | 120 | ||
| The blood-brain barrier | 120 | ||
| Neurons and neurotransmitters | 121 | ||
| Receptors | 121 | ||
| Patient education | 124 | ||
| Study notes | 126 | ||
| References | 127 | ||
| Chapter 13: Antiparkinsonian Drugs | 128 | ||
| Parkinson disease and extrapyramidal side effects | 128 | ||
| Specific Extrapyramidal Side Effects | 130 | ||
| Anticholinergics to treat extrapyramidal side effects | 131 | ||
| Pharmacologic Effects | 132 | ||
| Side Effects | 132 | ||
| Nursing Implications for Anticholinergic Drugs | 133 | ||
| Therapeutic Versus Toxic Dose Levels | 133 | ||
| Use During Pregnancy | 133 | ||
| Use in Older Adults | 133 | ||
| Side Effect Interventions | 134 | ||
| Interactions With Anticholinergic Drugs | 134 | ||
| Teaching Patients | 134 | ||
| Selected Anticholinergic Drugs | 134 | ||
| Benztropine | 134 | ||
| Diphenhydramine | 134 | ||
| Trihexyphenidyl | 134 | ||
| Other treatment options for extrapyramidal side effects | 134 | ||
| Drugs | 134 | ||
| Vitamins | 134 | ||
| Prevention | 134 | ||
| Study notes | 135 | ||
| References | 135 | ||
| Chapter 14: Antipsychotic Drugs | 136 | ||
| Classification systems: first-generation antipsychotics, second-generation antipsychotics, and third-generation antipsycho ... | 137 | ||
| Neurochemical theory of schizophrenia | 138 | ||
| Overview | 139 | ||
| Pharmacologic Effects | 139 | ||
| Psychiatric Symptoms Modified by Antipsychotic Drugs | 139 | ||
| Alterations of Perception | 140 | ||
| Alterations of Thought | 140 | ||
| Alterations of Activity | 140 | ||
| Alterations in Consciousness | 140 | ||
| Alterations in Personal Relationships | 140 | ||
| Alterations of Affect | 140 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics | 140 | ||
| Formulations | 141 | ||
| Oral | 141 | ||
| Long-acting injectables | 141 | ||
| Side Effects | 141 | ||
| Anticholinergic Effects: Constipation, Decreased Sweating, Dilated Pupils, Dry Mouth, Slowed Bowel, and Bladder | 141 | ||
| Nursing alert: anticholinergic effects | 142 | ||
| Antiadrenergic Effects: Decrease in Blood Pressure | 142 | ||
| Cardiac Effects: Arrhythmias? | 142 | ||
| Extrapyramidal Side Effects: Akathisia, Akinesia, Dystonia, Parkinsonism, and Tardive Dyskinesia | 142 | ||
| Akathisia: restlessness | 142 | ||
| Akinesia and bradykinesia: slow motion | 142 | ||
| Dystonia: freezing | 142 | ||
| Parkinsonism: bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor | 142 | ||
| Tardive dyskinesia: irreversible? | 142 | ||
| Pisa syndrome | 143 | ||
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome | 143 | ||
| Endocrine Side Effects | 143 | ||
| Metabolic Syndrome | 143 | ||
| Sexual Side Effects | 143 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Effects | 143 | ||
| Other Side Effects | 143 | ||
| Nursing Implications | 144 | ||
| Therapeutic Versus Toxic Levels | 144 | ||
| Use During Pregnancy | 144 | ||
| Use in Older Adults | 144 | ||
| Side Effects | 144 | ||
| Interactions | 144 | ||
| Prescription drugs | 145 | ||
| Nonprescription drugs | 145 | ||
| Teaching Patients | 145 | ||
| First-generation antipsychotics (traditional): introduced in 1950 | 145 | ||
| Low-Potency First-Generation Antipsychotics: Chlorpromazine | 145 | ||
| Moderate-Potency First-Generation Antipsychotics: Perphenazine | 146 | ||
| High-Potency First-Generation Antipsychotics: Fluphenazine and Haloperidol | 146 | ||
| Fluphenazine | 146 | ||
| Haloperidol | 146 | ||
| Second-generation antipsychotics (atypical): introduced in 1990 | 146 | ||
| Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A) Antagonism | 146 | ||
| Fast-Off Theory | 147 | ||
| Potential Negative Effects of Second-Generation Antipsychotics | 147 | ||
| Older second-generation antipsychotics: 1990 to 2000 | 147 | ||
| Clozapine | 147 | ||
| Risperidone and Paliperidone | 148 | ||
| Olanzapine | 148 | ||
| Quetiapine | 149 | ||
| Ziprasidone | 149 | ||
| Effects of 5-HT1A Agonism by Ziprasidone | 149 | ||
| Newer second-generation antipsychotics: 2000 to present | 149 | ||
| Asenapine | 149 | ||
| Iloperidone | 149 | ||
| Lurasidone | 149 | ||
| Third-generation antipsychotics (atypical): introduced in 2002 | 149 | ||
| Aripiprazole | 150 | ||
| Brexpiprazole | 150 | ||
| Cariprazine | 150 | ||
| A new theory of schizophrenia | 151 | ||
| Study Notes | 151 | ||
| Bibliography | 152 | ||
| References | 152 | ||
| Chapter 15: Antidepressant Drugs | 153 | ||
| Biochemical theory of depression | 153 | ||
| UNIT IV: Environment: Milieu Management | 212 | ||
| Chapter 20: Introduction to Milieu Management | 212 | ||
| Historical overview | 213 | ||
| The joint commission: environment of care issues | 213 | ||
| Nursing and the therapeutic environment | 214 | ||
| Elements of the treatment environment | 214 | ||
| Safety | 214 | ||
| Structure | 215 | ||
| Norms | 216 | ||
| Limit Setting | 216 | ||
| Balance | 217 | ||
| The nurse as manager of the treatment environment | 217 | ||
| Study Notes | 218 | ||
| References | 218 | ||
| Chapter 21: Variables Affecting the Therapeutic Environment: Violence and Suicide | 220 | ||
| Current trends | 220 | ||
| Aggression and Violence | 221 | ||
| Management of inpatient aggression | 221 | ||
| Nursing interventions based on the assault cycle | 222 | ||
| Triggering Phase | 222 | ||
| Escalation Phase | 222 | ||
| Crisis Phase | 223 | ||
| Seclusion | 224 | ||
| Restraint | 224 | ||
| Care of Patients in Seclusion or Restraints | 224 | ||
| Recovery and Postcrisis Depression Phase | 225 | ||
| Suicide | 226 | ||
| Risk factors | 226 | ||
| Assessment of suicidal patients | 227 | ||
| Suicide interventions | 227 | ||
| Burnout and secondary traumatization | 229 | ||
| Clinical supervision for psychiatric nurses | 230 | ||
| Effective functioning in the acute psychiatric setting | 231 | ||
| Study Notes | 231 | ||
| References | 232 | ||
| Chapter 22: Therapeutic Environment in Various Treatment Settings | 234 | ||
| Inpatient settings | 234 | ||
| Treatment Activities | 234 | ||
| Occupational Therapy | 234 | ||
| Recreational Therapy | 235 | ||
| Psychoeducation | 235 | ||
| Group Therapy | 235 | ||
| Spirituality Groups | 236 | ||
| Community Meetings | 236 | ||
| Inpatient Psychiatric Environments | 236 | ||
| Intensive Care or Acute Psychiatric Units (Locked Units) | 236 | ||
| Child-Adolescent Inpatient Units | 236 | ||
| Acute Substance Abuse Treatment Centers | 237 | ||
| Co-Occurring Disorders Inpatient Units | 237 | ||
| Medical-psychiatric hospital units | 237 | ||
| Geropsychiatric Units | 238 | ||
| State Psychiatric Hospitals | 238 | ||
| State Forensic Hospitals | 238 | ||
| Community treatment settings | 239 | ||
| Group Homes | 239 | ||
| Partial Hospitalization | 240 | ||
| Day Treatment | 240 | ||
| Day Treatment Center for Patients With Co-Occurring Disorders | 240 | ||
| Summary | 241 | ||
| Study Notes | 241 | ||
| References | 241 | ||
| UNIT V: Putting It All Together (Psychopathology) | 243 | ||
| Chapter 23: Introduction to Psychopathology | 243 | ||
| Behavior | 245 | ||
| Etiology | 245 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic management | 245 | ||
| Nurses need to understand psychopathology | 245 | ||
| Study Notes | 246 | ||
| References | 246 | ||
| Chapter 24: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders | 247 | ||
| Schizophrenia | 247 | ||
| Historical Perspective | 249 | ||
| Course of Illness | 249 | ||
| DSM-5 Terminology and Criteria | 250 | ||
| Positive Versus Negative Schizophrenia | 251 | ||
| Behavior | 252 | ||
| Two Objective Signs | 252 | ||
| 1. Alterations in personal relationships | 252 | ||
| 2. Alterations of activity | 252 | ||
| Four Subjective Symptoms | 253 | ||
| 1. Altered perception | 253 | ||
| 2. Alterations of thought | 253 | ||
| 3. Altered consciousness | 254 | ||
| 4. Alterations of affect | 255 | ||
| Etiology | 255 | ||
| Biologic Theories: Biochemical, Neurostructural, Genetic, and Perinatal Factors | 255 | ||
| Biochemical theories | 255 | ||
| Neurostructural theories | 256 | ||
| Ventricular brain ratios | 256 | ||
| Brain atrophy | 256 | ||
| Cerebral blood flow | 256 | ||
| Genetic theories | 256 | ||
| Perinatal risk factors | 257 | ||
| Psychodynamic Theories | 257 | ||
| Developmental theories of schizophrenia | 257 | ||
| Family theories of schizophrenia | 257 | ||
| Vulnerability-Stress Model of Schizophrenia | 258 | ||
| Special issues related to schizophrenia | 258 | ||
| Comorbid Medical Illnesses | 259 | ||
| Families of Schizophrenic Individuals | 259 | ||
| Depression and Suicide in Schizophrenia | 259 | ||
| Cognitive Dysfunction | 260 | ||
| Relapse | 260 | ||
| Stress | 260 | ||
| Substance Abuse in People With Schizophrenia | 260 | ||
| Work | 260 | ||
| Psychosis-Induced Polydipsia | 260 | ||
| Continuum of care for people with schizophrenia | 261 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic management | 261 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship | 261 | ||
| Psychopharmacology | 263 | ||
| Milieu Management | 263 | ||
| Other schizophrenia spectrum disorders | 264 | ||
| Delusional Disorder | 264 | ||
| Brief Psychotic Disorder | 265 | ||
| Schizophreniform Disorder | 265 | ||
| Schizoaffective Disorder | 265 | ||
| Future directions | 265 | ||
| Study Notes | 267 | ||
| References | 268 | ||
| Chapter 25: Depressive Disorders | 269 | ||
| Depressive disorders | 269 | ||
| Major depressive disorder | 270 | ||
| Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder | 270 | ||
| Persistent depressive disorder | 271 | ||
| Premenstrual dysphoric disorder | 272 | ||
| Depressive Disorder Specifiers | 272 | ||
| Occurrence in Specific Populations | 272 | ||
| Adults | 272 | ||
| Children and Adolescents | 273 | ||
| Culture, Age, and Gender | 273 | ||
| Behavioral symptoms of depression | 273 | ||
| Objective Signs | 274 | ||
| Alterations of Activity | 274 | ||
| Altered Social Interactions | 274 | ||
| Subjective Symptoms | 274 | ||
| Alterations of Affect | 274 | ||
| Alterations of Cognition | 275 | ||
| Alterations of a Physical Nature | 275 | ||
| Alterations of Perception | 275 | ||
| Etiology of depression | 275 | ||
| Biologic Theories of Depression | 275 | ||
| Neurochemical Theories | 275 | ||
| Genetic Theories | 276 | ||
| Endocrine Theories | 276 | ||
| Circadian Rhythm Theories | 277 | ||
| Changes in Brain Anatomy | 277 | ||
| Psychological Theories of Depression | 277 | ||
| Debilitating Early Life Experiences | 277 | ||
| Intrapsychic Conflict | 278 | ||
| Reactions to Life Events (Stress) | 278 | ||
| Assessment of depression | 278 | ||
| Cultural Issues and Assessing Depression | 279 | ||
| Assessment of Depression | 279 | ||
| Depression in Older Adults | 279 | ||
| Nonbiologic Assessment Measures | 279 | ||
| Biologic Assessment Measures | 280 | ||
| Dexamethasone suppression test | 280 | ||
| Growth hormone assessment | 280 | ||
| Polysomnographic measurements | 280 | ||
| Putting it all together | 280 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Management | 280 | ||
| Nurse-Patient Relationship | 280 | ||
| Psychopharmacology | 281 | ||
| Milieu Management | 282 | ||
| For Patients With a Negative View of Self | 282 | ||
| For Withdrawn Patients | 282 | ||
| For Anorectic Patients | 282 | ||
| For Patients With Sleep Disturbances | 283 | ||
| Somatic Therapies | 283 | ||
| Electroconvulsive Therapy | 283 | ||
| Modern Electroconvulsive Therapy | 284 | ||
| How Does It Work-Rebooting, Rebalancing, Rebuilding? | 284 | ||
| Number of Treatments Needed for Effectiveness | 284 | ||
| Indications for Electroconvulsive Therapy: Major Depression | 285 | ||
| Contraindications to Electroconvulsive Therapy | 285 | ||
| Advantages of Electroconvulsive Therapy | 285 | ||
| Disadvantages of Electroconvulsive Therapy | 285 | ||
| Provision of Only Temporary Relief | 285 | ||
| Memory Loss | 286 | ||
| Adverse Physiologic Effects | 286 | ||
| Other Somatic Therapies | 286 | ||
| Vagus Nerve Stimulation | 286 | ||
| Bright Light Therapy | 286 | ||
| Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | 286 | ||
| Suicide and Depression | 287 | ||
| Suicide Nomenclature | 287 | ||
| Suicide Risk Assessment | 287 | ||
| Plan | 287 | ||
| Method | 287 | ||
| Rescue | 287 | ||
| Summary | 287 | ||
| Suicide Victims | 287 | ||
| Study Notes | 289 | ||
| References | 290 | ||
| Chapter 26: Bipolar Disorders | 292 | ||
| General description of bipolar disorder | 292 | ||
| DSM-5 Terminology and criteria | 293 | ||
| Manic Episodes | 294 | ||
| Hypomanic Episodes | 296 | ||
| Depressive Episodes | 296 | ||
| Bipolar Disorders | 297 | ||
| Bipolar Diagnoses | 297 | ||
| Bipolar I Disorder | 297 | ||
| Bipolar II Disorder | 297 | ||
| Cyclothymic Disorder | 297 | ||
| Behavior | 297 | ||
| Objective Behavior | 297 | ||
| Disturbed speech patterns | 298 | ||
| Altered social, interpersonal, and occupational relationships | 298 | ||
| Alterations in activity and appearance | 299 | ||
| Subjective Behavior | 299 | ||
| Alterations of affect | 299 | ||
| Alterations of perception | 299 | ||
| Etiology | 299 | ||
| Psychosocial theories | 299 | ||
| Neurotransmitter and Structural Hypotheses | 299 | ||
| Genetic Considerations | 300 | ||
| Comorbidity | 300 | ||
| Putting it all together | 301 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Management | 301 | ||
| Nurse-Patient Relationship | 301 | ||
| Psychopharmacology | 301 | ||
| Milieu Management | 303 | ||
| Mood Disorder Rating Scales | 304 | ||
| Study Notes | 305 | ||
| References | 306 | ||
| Chapter 27: Anxiety-Related, Obsessive-Compulsive, Trauma- and Stressor-Related, Somatic, and Dissociative Disorders | 307 | ||
| Stress | 307 | ||
| Selye Stress Adaptation Model | 307 | ||
| Alarm | 307 | ||
| Resistance | 308 | ||
| Exhaustion | 308 | ||
| Lazarus Interactional Model | 308 | ||
| Anxiety | 309 | ||
| Anxiety-related disorders | 310 | ||
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 310 | ||
| Etiology and Course | 311 | ||
| Putting it all together | 312 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Management | 312 | ||
| Nurse-Patient Relationship | 312 | ||
| Psychopharmacology | 312 | ||
| Milieu Management | 313 | ||
| Panic Disorder | 313 | ||
| Research Article: Facing Adversity: Authentic Stories of Living and Working With Panic Attacks | 313 | ||
| Etiology | 313 | ||
| Putting it all together | 314 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Management | 314 | ||
| Nurse-Patient Relationship | 314 | ||
| Psychopharmacology | 315 | ||
| Milieu Management | 315 | ||
| Agoraphobia | 315 | ||
| Specific Phobias | 315 | ||
| Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) | 315 | ||
| Etiology | 315 | ||
| Putting it all together | 315 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Management | 315 | ||
| Nurse-Patient Relationship | 315 | ||
| Psychopharmacology | 316 | ||
| Milieu Management | 316 | ||
| Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders | 316 | ||
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 316 | ||
| Body Dysmorphic Disorder | 316 | ||
| Hoarding Disorder | 316 | ||
| Trichotillomania (Hair Pulling) | 317 | ||
| Excoriation (Skin Picking) | 317 | ||
| Putting it all together | 317 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Management | 317 | ||
| Nurse-Patient Relationship | 317 | ||
| Psychopharmacology | 317 | ||
| Milieu Management | 317 | ||
| Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders | 318 | ||
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder | 318 | ||
| Neurochemical Basis of Acute Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders | 319 | ||
| Adjustment Disorder | 319 | ||
| Putting it all together | 319 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Management | 319 | ||
| Nurse-Patient Relationship | 320 | ||
| Psychopharmacology | 320 | ||
| Milieu Management | 321 | ||
| Community Resources | 321 | ||
| Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders | 321 | ||
| Somatic Symptom Disorder | 322 | ||
| Illness Anxiety Disorder | 322 | ||
| Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurologic Symptom Disorder) | 323 | ||
| Factitious Disorder | 323 | ||
| Putting it all together | 323 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Management | 323 | ||
| Nurse-Patient Relationship | 323 | ||
| Psychopharmacology | 323 | ||
| Milieu Management | 323 | ||
| Dissociative Disorders | 324 | ||
| Dissociative Amnesia | 324 | ||
| Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder | 325 | ||
| Dissociative Identity Disorder | 325 | ||
| Putting it all together | 326 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Management | 326 | ||
| Nurse-Patient Relationship | 326 | ||
| Psychopharmacology | 326 | ||
| Milieu Management | 326 | ||
| Study Notes | 327 | ||
| References | 327 | ||
| Chapter 28: Neurocognitive Disorders | 330 | ||
| Delirium | 330 | ||
| Dementia | 331 | ||
| Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Alzheimer Disease | 333 | ||
| Stages of Alzheimer Disease | 333 | ||
| Causes of Alzheimer Disease | 334 | ||
| Alzheimer disease most likely has multiple etiologies | 334 | ||
| Neuronal loss | 334 | ||
| Neurofibrillary tangles | 334 | ||
| β-Amyloid plaques | 334 | ||
| Brain atrophy | 334 | ||
| Genetics | 334 | ||
| Alzheimer disease—early onset or young onset. | 334 | ||
| Alzheimer disease—late onset | 335 | ||
| Hormones | 335 | ||
| Nontraditional Findings | 336 | ||
| Classic Behaviors | 337 | ||
| Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder | 338 | ||
| Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder | 338 | ||
| Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Parkinson Disease | 339 | ||
| Neurocognitive Disorder With Lewy Bodies | 339 | ||
| Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Traumatic Brain Injury | 340 | ||
| Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Prion Disease | 340 | ||
| Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection | 341 | ||
| Alcohol-Induced Neurocognitive Disorder | 341 | ||
| Neurocognitive Disorders Due to Huntington Disease | 341 | ||
| Other Dementias | 342 | ||
| Putting it all together | 342 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Management | 342 | ||
| Nurse-Patient Relationship | 342 | ||
| Communication strategies | 343 | ||
| Scheduling Strategies | 343 | ||
| Nutritional Strategies | 343 | ||
| Toileting Strategies | 343 | ||
| Wandering Strategies | 343 | ||
| Psychopharmacology | 344 | ||
| Drugs for Alzheimer Disease | 344 | ||
| Milieu Management | 345 | ||
| Memory Aids | 345 | ||
| Study Notes | 347 | ||
| References | 348 | ||
| Chapter 29: Personality Disorders | 350 | ||
| Personality | 350 | ||
| Etiology: contemporary views | 352 | ||
| Personality disorder clusters | 352 | ||
| Cluster A: odd-eccentric | 352 | ||
| Paranoid Personality Disorder | 352 | ||
| UNIT VI: Special Populations | 417 | ||
| Chapter 33: Survivors of Violence and Trauma | 417 | ||
| Trauma | 417 | ||
| Violence | 418 | ||
| Recovery From Violence and Trauma | 418 | ||
| Impact | 419 | ||
| Recoil | 419 | ||
| Reorganization | 419 | ||
| Putting it all together | 419 | ||
| Psychotherapeutic Management | 419 | ||
| Nurse-Patient Relationship | 419 | ||
| Psychopharmacology | 419 | ||
| Milieu Management | 420 | ||
| Terrorism | 420 | ||
| Appendix : NANDA-Approved Nursing Diagnoses 2018-2020 | 480 | ||
| Retired Diagnoses | 482 | ||
| Glossary | 483 | ||
| Index | 492 |