Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
‘This new edition of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics was really very helpful when I was doing an MSc course in Advancing Pharmacy Practice and it was really very helpful in all the clinical diseases I have to read for my PBL. I also used it as one of my most reliable reference books for the in-course simulation ward rounds and other clinical case studies. It is a great book to have as a practising clinical or hospital pharmacist or even community pharmacist. It will also be of great use to anyone doing a course in pharmacotherapy. This book will always be of use to you throughout your studentship or when practising after graduation. It is also more portable than most other pharmacotherapy textbooks with the same amount of information.’
Now in its sixth edition, this best-selling, multi-disciplinary textbook continues to draw on the skills of pharmacists, clinicians and nurses to present optimal drug regimens. The authors integrate an understanding of the disease processes with an appreciation of the pathophysiological processes, clinical pharmacy and the evidence base. Each chapter is co-written by a pharmacist and a clinician, and each chapter begins with key points and ends with cases to test understanding. The sixth edition is now on StudentConsult for the first time, giving online access to the full text.
- Key points boxes at the beginning of each chapter
- Case-study boxes throughout the chapters
- Each chapter co-written by a pharmacist and a clinician
- In-depth treatment of therapeutics to support pharmaceutical prescribing
- Logical order and format: key points, epidemiology, aetiology, disease, clinical manifestations, investigations and treatment, drugs used in treatment.
- Dosage reference sources given where appropriate, along with useful websites and further reading for each chapter.
- New co-editor, Karen Hodson
- Over 10 new authors
- Now in 4-colour
- On StudentConsult for the first time
- New chapter on Dementia
- Many new and revised illustrations
- Chapters revised to include advances in therapeutics and changes to dose regimens and licensed indications
- Updated case studies
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | Cover | ||
| IFC | ES1 | ||
| CLINICAL PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS | i | ||
| CLINICAL PHARMACY AND\rTHERAPEUTICS | iii | ||
| Copyright | iv | ||
| Preface | v | ||
| Acknowledgements | vi | ||
| List of Contributors | vii | ||
| Contents | xiii | ||
| 1 - GENERAL | 1 | ||
| 1 - Clinical Pharmacy Practice | 2 | ||
| Development of clinical practice in pharmacy | 2 | ||
| Pharmaceutical care | 3 | ||
| Medication-related problems | 3 | ||
| Medicines optimisation | 4 | ||
| Pharmaceutical consultation | 5 | ||
| Medicines-taking behaviour | 5 | ||
| Consultation process | 6 | ||
| Clinical pharmacy functions and knowledge | 6 | ||
| Step 1. Establishing the need for drug therapy | 6 | ||
| Step 1.1. Relevant patient details | 7 | ||
| Step 1.2. Medication history | 7 | ||
| Step 1.3. Deprescribing | 8 | ||
| Step 2. Selecting the medicine | 8 | ||
| Step 2.1. Identify drug–patient interactions | 8 | ||
| Step 2.2. Identify drug–disease interactions | 9 | ||
| Step 2.3. Drug–drug interactions | 9 | ||
| Step 3. Administering the medicine | 9 | ||
| Step 3.1. Calculating the appropriate dose | 9 | ||
| Step 3.2. Selecting an appropriate regimen | 9 | ||
| Step 4. Providing the medicine | 10 | ||
| Step 5. Monitoring therapy | 10 | ||
| Step 6. Patient advice and education | 10 | ||
| Step 7. Evaluating effectiveness | 10 | ||
| References | 13 | ||
| 2 - Prescribing | 14 | ||
| Rational and effective prescribing | 14 | ||
| What is meant by rational and effective prescribing? | 14 | ||
| Pharmacists as prescribers and the legal framework | 15 | ||
| Evolution of non-medical prescribing | 15 | ||
| Supplementary prescribing | 15 | ||
| Non-medical independent prescribing | 16 | ||
| Accountability | 16 | ||
| Ethical framework | 17 | ||
| Autonomy | 17 | ||
| Non-maleficence | 17 | ||
| Beneficence | 18 | ||
| Justice and veracity | 18 | ||
| Professional frameworks for prescribing | 18 | ||
| Off-label and unlicensed prescribing | 18 | ||
| Prescribing across the interface between primary and secondary care | 19 | ||
| Clinical governance | 19 | ||
| Competence and competency frameworks | 20 | ||
| The prescribing process | 20 | ||
| Consultation | 20 | ||
| Building relationships | 22 | ||
| Providing structure | 23 | ||
| Initiating the session | 23 | ||
| Gathering information | 23 | ||
| Physical examination | 23 | ||
| Explanation and planning | 23 | ||
| Closing the session | 24 | ||
| Communicating risks and benefits of treatment | 24 | ||
| Adherence | 25 | ||
| Medication review | 26 | ||
| Factors that influence prescribers | 27 | ||
| Patients and prescribing decisions | 27 | ||
| The informed patient | 28 | ||
| Healthcare policy | 28 | ||
| Colleagues | 29 | ||
| Pharmaceutical industry | 29 | ||
| Cognitive factors | 29 | ||
| Strategies to influence prescribing | 30 | ||
| Managerial approaches to influence prescribing | 30 | ||
| Local and national guidelines | 30 | ||
| Incentives | 30 | ||
| Provision of comparative (benchmarking) information | 30 | ||
| Support and education | 31 | ||
| Conclusion | 31 | ||
| References | 31 | ||
| 3 - Practical Pharmacokinetics | 34 | ||
| General applications | 34 | ||
| Time to maximal response | 34 | ||
| Need for a loading dose | 34 | ||
| Dosage alterations | 34 | ||
| Choosing a formulation | 34 | ||
| Application to therapeutic drug monitoring | 34 | ||
| Basic concepts | 35 | ||
| Volume of distribution | 35 | ||
| Elimination | 36 | ||
| Absorption | 37 | ||
| Dosing regimens | 38 | ||
| Peak and trough levels | 38 | ||
| Interpretation of drug concentration data | 38 | ||
| Sampling times | 38 | ||
| Dosage adjustment | 38 | ||
| Capacity limited clearance | 38 | ||
| Increasing clearance | 39 | ||
| Therapeutic range | 39 | ||
| Clinical applications | 39 | ||
| Estimation of creatinine clearance | 39 | ||
| Digoxin | 39 | ||
| Action and uses | 39 | ||
| Plasma concentration–response relationship | 39 | ||
| 2 - LIFE STAGES | 131 | ||
| 9 - Neonates | 132 | ||
| Drug disposition | 132 | ||
| Absorption | 132 | ||
| Distribution | 133 | ||
| Metabolism | 133 | ||
| Elimination | 133 | ||
| Major clinical disorders | 133 | ||
| Respiratory distress syndrome | 133 | ||
| Patent ductus arteriosus | 134 | ||
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 134 | ||
| Bacterial infection | 135 | ||
| Viral infections | 135 | ||
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 136 | ||
| Apnoea | 136 | ||
| Hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy | 136 | ||
| Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn | 137 | ||
| Principles and goals of therapy | 137 | ||
| Rapid growth | 137 | ||
| Therapeutic drug monitoring | 137 | ||
| Avoiding harm | 137 | ||
| Time scale of clinical changes | 138 | ||
| Patient and parent care | 138 | ||
| Reference | 139 | ||
| Further reading | 139 | ||
| 10 - Paediatrics | 140 | ||
| Demography | 140 | ||
| Congenital anomalies | 140 | ||
| Cancer | 141 | ||
| Asthma, eczema and allergy | 141 | ||
| Infections | 141 | ||
| Mental health disorders | 141 | ||
| Drugs, smoking and alcohol | 142 | ||
| Nutrition and exercise | 142 | ||
| The normal child | 142 | ||
| Drug disposition | 143 | ||
| Pharmacokinetic factors | 143 | ||
| Absorption | 143 | ||
| Distribution | 144 | ||
| Drug metabolism | 145 | ||
| Renal excretion | 145 | ||
| Other factors | 145 | ||
| Drug therapy in children | 145 | ||
| Dosage | 145 | ||
| Choice of preparation | 146 | ||
| Buccal route | 146 | ||
| Oral route | 146 | ||
| Nasogastric, gastrostomy and jejunostomy administration | 147 | ||
| Rectal route | 147 | ||
| Parenteral route | 147 | ||
| Pulmonary route | 148 | ||
| Dose regimen selection | 149 | ||
| Medicines optimisation | 149 | ||
| Medicines in schools | 150 | ||
| Policies and guidance | 150 | ||
| Responsibility for common medicines | 150 | ||
| Special schools | 150 | ||
| Monitoring parameters | 150 | ||
| Assessment of renal function | 150 | ||
| Adverse drug reactions | 152 | ||
| Medication errors | 152 | ||
| Licensing medicines for children | 153 | ||
| Medicines licensing process | 153 | ||
| Unlicensed and ‘off-label’ medicines | 153 | ||
| Legislation on medicines for children | 153 | ||
| Further reading | 156 | ||
| Useful websites | 157 | ||
| 11 - Geriatrics | 158 | ||
| Pharmacokinetics | 158 | ||
| Absorption | 159 | ||
| First-pass metabolism | 159 | ||
| Distribution | 159 | ||
| Renal clearance | 159 | ||
| Hepatic clearance | 159 | ||
| Pharmacodynamics | 159 | ||
| Reduced homeostatic reserve | 160 | ||
| Orthostatic circulatory responses | 160 | ||
| Postural control | 160 | ||
| Thermoregulation | 160 | ||
| Cognitive function | 160 | ||
| Visceral muscle function | 160 | ||
| Age-related changes in specific receptors and target sites | 160 | ||
| α-Adrenoceptors | 160 | ||
| β-Adrenoceptors | 160 | ||
| Cholinergic system | 160 | ||
| Benzodiazepines | 161 | ||
| Warfarin | 161 | ||
| Digoxin | 161 | ||
| Common clinical disorders | 161 | ||
| Dementia | 161 | ||
| Parkinsonism | 162 | ||
| Stroke | 162 | ||
| Treatment of acute stroke | 162 | ||
| Secondary prevention | 163 | ||
| Primary prevention | 163 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 163 | ||
| Prevention | 163 | ||
| Treatment | 163 | ||
| Arthritis | 165 | ||
| Hypertension | 165 | ||
| Treatment of hypertension | 165 | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 166 | ||
| Cardiac failure | 166 | ||
| Leg ulcers | 166 | ||
| Urinary incontinence | 166 | ||
| Stress incontinence | 166 | ||
| Overflow incontinence | 167 | ||
| Detrusor instability | 167 | ||
| Constipation | 167 | ||
| Gastro-intestinal ulceration and bleeding | 168 | ||
| Principles and goals of drug therapy in older people | 168 | ||
| Avoid unnecessary drug therapy | 168 | ||
| Effect of treatment on quality of life | 168 | ||
| Treat the cause rather than the symptom | 168 | ||
| Drug history | 168 | ||
| Concomitant medical illness | 168 | ||
| Choosing the drug | 168 | ||
| Dose titration | 168 | ||
| Choosing the right dosage form | 168 | ||
| Packaging and labelling | 168 | ||
| Good record keeping | 168 | ||
| Regular supervision and review of treatment | 168 | ||
| Adverse drug reactions | 169 | ||
| Adherence | 169 | ||
| Conclusion | 169 | ||
| References | 170 | ||
| 3 - THERAPEUTICS | 173 | ||
| 12 - Dyspepsia, Peptic Ulcer Disease and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease | 174 | ||
| Epidemiology | 174 | ||
| Pathophysiology | 174 | ||
| Peptic ulcer disease | 174 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori | 175 | ||
| Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 175 | ||
| Selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors | 176 | ||
| Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease | 176 | ||
| Drug-related causes of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease | 176 | ||
| Functional dyspepsia | 177 | ||
| Patient assessment and clinical manifestations | 177 | ||
| Peptic ulcer disease | 177 | ||
| Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease | 177 | ||
| Investigations | 177 | ||
| Endoscopy | 177 | ||
| Radiology | 178 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori detection | 178 | ||
| Treatment | 178 | ||
| Undiagnosed dyspepsia | 178 | ||
| Peptic ulcer disease | 180 | ||
| Acute bleeding peptic ulcer | 180 | ||
| Uncomplicated peptic ulcer disease | 180 | ||
| Treatment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-associated ulcers | 183 | ||
| Prophylaxis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ulceration | 183 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori and prevention of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug–related ulcers | 184 | ||
| Prophylaxis of gastro-intestinal bleeding during anti-platelet therapy | 184 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori–negative, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug–negative ulcers | 184 | ||
| Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease | 185 | ||
| Functional dyspepsia | 186 | ||
| Pyloric stenosis | 187 | ||
| Zollinger–Ellison syndrome | 187 | ||
| Stress ulcers | 187 | ||
| Drugs for dyspepsia | 188 | ||
| Proton pump inhibitors | 188 | ||
| Adverse drug reactions | 188 | ||
| 4 - APPENDICES | 1035 | ||
| 1 - Medical Abbreviations | 1036 | ||
| 2 - Glossary | 1047 | ||
| INDEX | 1053 | ||
| B | 1058 | ||
| C | 1059 | ||
| D | 1064 | ||
| E | 1067 | ||
| F | 1068 | ||
| G | 1070 | ||
| H | 1071 | ||
| I | 1073 | ||
| J | 1075 | ||
| K | 1075 | ||
| L | 1075 | ||
| M | 1077 | ||
| N | 1079 | ||
| O | 1080 | ||
| P | 1081 | ||
| Q | 1086 | ||
| R | 1086 | ||
| S | 1087 | ||
| T | 1090 | ||
| U | 1092 | ||
| V | 1092 | ||
| W | 1093 | ||
| X | 1094 | ||
| Y | 1094 | ||
| Z | 1094 | ||
| IBC | ES2 | ||
| IBC | ES3 |