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Alan Turing and his Contemporaries

Alan Turing and his Contemporaries

Simon Lavington | Chris Burton | Martin Campbell-Kelly | Roger Johnson | Simon Lavington

(2012)

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Abstract

Secret wartime projects in code-breaking, radar and ballistics produced a wealth of ideas and technologies that kick-started the development of digital computers. This is the story of the people and projects that flourished in the post-war period. By 1955 computers had begun to appear in the market-place. The Information Age was dawning and Alan Turing and his contemporaries held centre stage. Their influence is still discernable deep down within today’s hardware and software.
Secret wartime projects in code-breaking, radar and ballistics produced a wealth of ideas and technologies that kick-started the development of digital computers. Alan Turing took an early lead on the theory side, along with fellow mathematicians on both sides of the Atlantic. This is the story of the people and projects that flourished in the post-war period. By 1955 the computers produced by companies such as Ferranti, English Electric, Elliott Brothers and the British Tabulating Machine Co. had begun to appear in the market-place. The Information Age was dawning. Before the market passed to the Americans, for a brief period Alan Turing and his contemporaries held centre stage. Their influence is still discernable deep down within today’s hardware and software.
Chris Burton is one of the world's leading restorers of historic computers. Professor Martin Campbell-Kelly is the UK’s foremost computer historian. Dr Roger Johnson is a past President of the British Computer Society. Professor Simon Lavington is the Computer Conservation Society’s digital Archivist. All are committee members of the Computer Conservation Society.
A practical, clearly written tour through those early years.
Erica Wagner

There can be no doubt that Alan Turing was a brilliant man who changed the course of history in countless ways, but there were many other brilliant minds involved in bringing computer science to life and ultimately into our homes. This fascinating book reminds us of the importance of their contribution. A fitting tribute to those who gave the world so much.


Kate Russell

Fantastic! This is an excellent romp through early computer history, placing Alan Turing’s work in a broader context and introducing the reader to some of the significant machines and personalities that created our digital world. The myth of a lone inventor is rarely true - this book leads the reader through complex but intriguing stories of the sung and unsung heroes and machines of a pioneering computing industry.


Dr Tilly Blyth

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Copyright iv
CONTENTS v
AUTHORS ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xi
PREFACE xiii
1 THE IDEAS MEN 1
SCIENCE AT WAR 1
THE MOORE SCHOOL: THE CRADLE OF ELECTRONIC COMPUTING 3
THE UNIVERSAL TURING MACHINE 5
PRACTICAL PROBLEMS, 1945-7 8
THE RICH TAPESTRY OF PROJECTS, 1948-54 8
2 ACES AND DEUCES 11
TURING'S FIRST COMPUTER DESIGN 11
TOIL AND TROUBLE 13
INTELLIGENCE AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 14
PILOT ACE ARRIVES AT LAST 17
3 IVORY TOWERS AND TEA ROOMS 21
MAURICE WILKES AND THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY MATHEMATICAL LABORATORY 21
POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION AND THE STORED-PROGRAM COMPUTER 22
A MEMORY FOR EDSAC 23
EDSAC, ACE AND LEO 24
NOT JUST EDSAC 26
FIRST STEPS IN PROGRAMMING 28
WILKES, WHEELER AND GILL 31
THE LAST DAYS OF THE EDSAC 31
4 THE MANCHESTER MACHINES 33
MEMORIES ARE MADE OF THIS... 33
THE BABY COMPUTER 37
THE BABY GROWS UP 38
FERRANTI ENTERS THE PICTURE 41
A SUPERCOMPUTER 43
PROGRAMS AND USERS 43
WHAT CAME NEXT? 45
5 MEANWHILE, IN DEEPEST HERTFORDSHIRE 47
THE ADMIRALTY'S SECRET 47
INNOVATIONS AT BOREHAMWOOD 50
SWORDS INTO PLOUGHSHARES 53
THE COMING OF AUTOMATION 55
6 ONE MAN IN A BARN 59
X-RAY CALCULATIONS 59
THE CHALLENGE OF MEMORY 61
COMPUTERS FOR ALL! 62
THE BOOTH MUTIPLIER 64
COMMERCIAL SUCCESS 65
7 INTO THE MARKETPLACE 69
OUT OF THE LABORATORY 69
DEFENCE AND THE COLD WAR 69
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 71
THE WORLD OF COMMERCE AND BUSINESS 74
THE MARKET GROWS AND THE MANUFACTURERS SHRINK 76
8 HINDSIGHT AND FORESIGHT: THE LEGACY OF TURING AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES 79
WHO DID WHAT, AND WHEN? 79
TURING AS SEEN BY HIS CONTEMPORARIES 80
TURING'S REPUTATION BY 1984 83
APPENDIX A: TECHNICAL COMPARISON OF FIVE EARLY BRITISH COMPUTERS 85
THE MANCHESTER SMALL-SCALE EXPERIMENTAL MACHINE (SSEM), KNOWN AS THE 'BABY' 88
INSTRUCTION FORMAT FOR THE ENGLISH ELECTRIC DEUCE 92
APPENDIX B: TURING AND COMPUTING: A TIMELINE 95
ALAN TURING AT NPL, 1945-8 95
ALAN TURING AT MANCHESTER, 1948-54 98
APPENDIX C: FURTHER READING 105
GENERAL ACCOUNTS OF THE PERIOD 1945-60 106
CHAPTER-SPECIFIC BOOKS 106
INDEX 109
Back Cover 112