BOOK
Brief History Of Bacteria, A: The Everlasting Game Between Humans And Bacteria
Chen Daijie | Qian Xiuping | Hu Youjia
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Contents | xi | ||
| Foreword | v | ||
| Preface | vii | ||
| Chapter One: Introducing Bacteria | 1 | ||
| What do Bacteria Look Like? | 2 | ||
| Coccus | 2 | ||
| Bacillus | 3 | ||
| Helicobacter | 4 | ||
| How Big are Bacteria? | 5 | ||
| Biggest bacterium | 6 | ||
| Smallest bacterium | 7 | ||
| The Little Fairy Everywhere | 8 | ||
| Bacteria in human bodies | 8 | ||
| Mouth | 9 | ||
| Nostril | 10 | ||
| Intestines | 10 | ||
| Skin | 13 | ||
| Bacteria in water | 14 | ||
| Bacteria in soil | 16 | ||
| Bacteria in the air | 16 | ||
| Do Bacteria Have “Internal Organs”? | 18 | ||
| Pili: the beard | 19 | ||
| Flagellum: the braid | 19 | ||
| Capsular: the bulletproof vest | 19 | ||
| DNA: the egg yolk | 19 | ||
| Cell wall: the eggshell | 19 | ||
| Cell membrane: the candy wrapper | 22 | ||
| Cytoplasmic inclusions | 22 | ||
| Ribosome: place for protein synthesis | 22 | ||
| Spore: the dormant body | 23 | ||
| How Bacteria Reproduce? | 23 | ||
| Colony: The Bacteria Army Visible to the Eyes | 24 | ||
| How Did Humans Discover and Understand Bacteria | 25 | ||
| Originator: Leeuwenhoek | 25 | ||
| Founding father of microbiology: Pasteur | 27 | ||
| Life comes from life | 29 | ||
| Secret of sour wine | 31 | ||
| Why do silkworms get sick? | 33 | ||
| Turning “evil” bacteria into vaccines | 33 | ||
| Pioneer of bacteriology: Koch | 34 | ||
| Pathogens “hunter” | 35 | ||
| ”Koch’s postulates” | 36 | ||
| Chapter Two: Friend or Foe? | 39 | ||
| Bacteria are Our Beloved Friends | 39 | ||
| Friendly coexistence with the human body | 39 | ||
| Credits in modern industry | 41 | ||
| Antibiotics | 41 | ||
| Vitamins | 42 | ||
| Amino acids | 44 | ||
| Organic acids and organic solvents | 44 | ||
| Nucleotides | 45 | ||
| Enzymes | 45 | ||
| Microecological preparations | 47 | ||
| Biological pigment | 49 | ||
| Petroleum exploration | 50 | ||
| Petroleum extraction | 50 | ||
| Metal smelting | 51 | ||
| Contributions to savory food | 52 | ||
| Vinegar | 52 | ||
| Dairy products | 53 | ||
| Brewery | 54 | ||
| Working magic in modern agriculture | 54 | ||
| Nonpolluting biological pesticides | 54 | ||
| Biochemical pesticides with low toxicity and high effectiveness | 57 | ||
| Bio-fertilizers | 58 | ||
| Diazotroph | 59 | ||
| Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria | 59 | ||
| Potassium bacteria | 60 | ||
| Contribution to environmental management and protection | 61 | ||
| Activated sludge: a large army combating wastewater | 61 | ||
| Bacteria specifically used for green plastic bags | 64 | ||
| Bacteria specializing in soil remediation | 65 | ||
| New energy in the post-oil age | 68 | ||
| Cheap marsh gas | 70 | ||
| Biohydrogen products | 70 | ||
| Ethanol fuel | 72 | ||
| Biodiesel | 72 | ||
| Bacteria friends awaiting discovery and invention | 74 | ||
| Bacteria used in powder metallurgy | 74 | ||
| Bacteria feeding on Asadin | 75 | ||
| Engineered bacteria: “cell factory” at our service | 77 | ||
| Bacteria that conquer tumors | 77 | ||
| Bacteria Are Our Detestable Enemy | 80 | ||
| The dreadful “white powder”: Bacillus anthracis | 81 | ||
| Disease of the 19th century: cholera | 84 | ||
| Black demon: the plague | 85 | ||
| White plague: Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 87 | ||
| Is leprosy the curse of God? | 89 | ||
| Typhoid Mary | 91 | ||
| Disease that is fading from memory: diphtheria | 95 | ||
| Pyogenic bacteria | 96 | ||
| Staphylococcus aureus | 96 | ||
| Staphylococcus epidermidis | 97 | ||
| β-Hemolytic streptococcus | 97 | ||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 98 | ||
| Streptococcus mutans | 98 | ||
| Neisseria meningitidis | 98 | ||
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 99 | ||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 100 | ||
| Gastrointestinal pathogens | 100 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori | 100 | ||
| Shigella dysenteriae | 102 | ||
| Salmonella | 103 | ||
| Clostridium perfringens | 105 | ||
| Toxigenic obligate anaerobic bacillus | 105 | ||
| Clostridium tetani | 105 | ||
| Campylobacter jejuni | 106 | ||
| Clostridium botulinum | 107 | ||
| Zoonotic pathogens | 108 | ||
| Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae | 108 | ||
| Listeria | 108 | ||
| Brucella | 109 | ||
| Francisella tularensis | 109 | ||
| Streptococcus suis | 110 | ||
| Legionella hidden in water pipes | 111 | ||
| New enemies: Escherichia coli O157, Escherichia coli O104:H4, “superbug”, … | 112 | ||
| Escherichia coli variant O157 | 112 | ||
| EHEC O104:H4 | 114 | ||
| Superbug | 114 | ||
| New culprit of obesity: Enterobacter | 115 | ||
| Chapter Three: A Silent Battle in the Body | 117 | ||
| “Route” of Bacteria’s Invasion into Human Body | 117 | ||
| From the respiratory tract | 117 | ||
| Invasion from digestive tract | 117 | ||
| Invasion from skin wounds | 118 | ||
| Invasion from urogenital tract | 118 | ||
| Invasion through insects | 119 | ||
| Bacteria’s Invasion Strategy | 119 | ||
| Assault on “camp” by pili the “whiskers” | 119 | ||
| Defense against attacks from “our army” with the “bulletproof vest” capsule | 120 | ||
| Release Enzyme “missiles” to penetrate our “fortress” | 120 | ||
| Hyaluronidase | 120 | ||
| Collagenase | 121 | ||
| Streptokinase | 121 | ||
| Streptodornase | 122 | ||
| Hemolysin | 122 | ||
| How do Bacteria Cause Disease—Lethal Weapons | 123 | ||
| Exotoxin | 123 | ||
| Tetanus toxin | 124 | ||
| Botulinum toxin | 124 | ||
| Diphtheria toxin | 125 | ||
| Cholerae toxin | 125 | ||
| Endotoxin | 125 | ||
| Human Immune System—Brave Attack on the “Invaders” | 127 | ||
| ”First line of defense” against bacteria invasion | 129 | ||
| A natural barrier hard to penetrate—skin and mucous | 129 | ||
| Guard of central nervous system—blood–brain barrier | 130 | ||
| Guardian of new lives—blood placental barrier | 131 | ||
| ”Second line of defense” against bacteria invasion | 132 | ||
| Bloody “body fight”—phagocytes’’ ability of phagocytosis | 132 | ||
| Catching the slipping invaders—antimicrobial substances in body fluids and tissues | 134 | ||
| Initial defensive response—inflammation | 134 | ||
| ”Third line of defense” against bacteria invasion | 136 | ||
| War against toxins — Antibody's neutralization of toxins | 137 | ||
| Siege—cell immunity | 139 | ||
| End of the Immunity “War” | 140 | ||
| Chapter Four: A History of the Hard and Difficult War Against Bacteria | 145 | ||
| Antimicrobial Treatment during the Stone Age | 145 | ||
| Why ancient humans were fond of silver and copper? | 145 | ||
| Why silver chopsticks? | 145 | ||
| Why make copper utensils? | 148 | ||
| Why hang wormwood for dragon boat festival? | 151 | ||
| Guasha and acupuncture | 155 | ||
| Guasha therapy | 155 | ||
| Acupuncture | 157 | ||
| The Great Contribution of Immunological Prevention | 159 | ||
| Precursor of immunological prevention—vaccination | 159 | ||
| Less “poisonous” enemies are our friends | 162 | ||
| Cholera vaccine | 162 | ||
| Anthrax vaccine | 163 | ||
| Rabies vaccine | 166 | ||
| Make the “enemy” works for us | 167 | ||
| Genetically engineered vaccine | 169 | ||
| DNA vaccine | 170 | ||
| Protein vaccine | 170 | ||
| Peptide vaccine | 170 | ||
| The Discovery of Sulfonamides | 171 | ||
| The scientist forced to give up Nobel Prize | 171 | ||
| Red dye—”Prontosil” | 173 | ||
| The highest reward—saving daughter’s life | 174 | ||
| The persistent fighting power of sulfonamides family | 175 | ||
| The Invincible Penicillin | 176 | ||
| Opportunity favors the prepared | 176 | ||
| Doctor dedicated to bactericide research | 176 | ||
| An accidental discovery | 178 | ||
| Make publication | 180 | ||
| Florey and Chain—rediscoverer of penicillin | 181 | ||
| Meeting of the three scientists | 182 | ||
| External environment is an indispensable catalyzes to success | 183 | ||
| Twists and turns in the fate of penicillin | 183 | ||
| Wartime needs | 184 | ||
| Development of fermentation industry | 184 | ||
| The invincible penicillin | 186 | ||
| A great and ordinary man | 187 | ||
| Significance of Streptomycin | 188 | ||
| Discovery of a magical medicine and a hostility of the\rscientific community | 189 | ||
| Interest of scientists in extensive research | 195 | ||
| Application of streptomycin | 198 | ||
| Actinomycetes—the most Important Resource for\rAntibiotics Production | 198 | ||
| The Golden era of Antibiotics Treatment | 201 | ||
| New antibacterial weapons emerge endlessly | 202 | ||
| Double the power of the weapons | 203 | ||
| Reorganization of penicillin | 203 | ||
| Structural modification of cephalosporins | 203 | ||
| Structural modification of tetracyclines and aminoglycosides | 204 | ||
| Structural modification of erythromycin | 205 | ||
| Medicines are toxic somehow | 207 | ||
| Adverse effects of antibacterial drugs | 207 | ||
| Penicillin and anaphylactic shock | 208 | ||
| Streptomycin and nervous system damage | 209 | ||
| Erythromycin and occasional gastrointestinal irritation | 209 | ||
| Tetracycline and “tetracycline teeth” | 210 | ||
| Quinolones and cartilage developmental disorders | 210 | ||
| An extreme example—thalidomide | 211 | ||
| Chapter Five: A Protracted Tug of War | 215 | ||
| ”Strategy and Tactics” for Drugs to Kill Bacteria\rPrecise knowledge of self and the threat leads to victory | 215 | ||
| Destroy the castle wall bricks of the bacteria | 218 | ||
| Strangling bacteria’s “choke points” | 219 | ||
| Occupying bacteria “headquarters” | 220 | ||
| Destruction of “secret codes” | 223 | ||
| Ambushing protein “Factory” | 224 | ||
| Siege the protein synthesis | 224 | ||
| Destruction of the protein factory | 225 | ||
| Intercept “resource transporters” of bacteria | 225 | ||
| Bacteria’s Fight Back Against the Drugs — Resistance | 226 | ||
| The emerging and development of resistant bacteria | 227 | ||
| Abuse use of antibiotics is responsible for bacterial resistance | 229 | ||
| ”Substitution” causes “superbugs” | 234 | ||
| Strategies and tactics one — to change the material for building bacterial cell wall | 238 | ||
| Strategies and tactics two — develop new cell wall “architect” | 238 | ||
| Strategies and tactics three — destroy the power of the bullets | 239 | ||
| Strategies and tactics four — feign attack points so that the attack will misfile | 240 | ||
| Strategies and tactics five — strengthen the defense of main path; reduce the bullet entering the cell | 242 | ||
| Strategies and tactics six — Manufacture efflux pump to bring bullets outside of the cell | 243 | ||
| Strategies and tactics seven — gather together to produce invulnerable bullet-proof jacket | 244 | ||
| Chapter Six: Who will be the Winner? The War Continues | 247 | ||
| Strict Surveillance to Know the Enemies Promptly | 249 | ||
| Action projects in the United States | 249 | ||
| The surveillance report in China | 250 | ||
| Staphylococcus | 250 | ||
| Enterococcus | 250 | ||
| Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae | 251 | ||
| Enterobacter cloacae | 252 | ||
| Nonfermenting Gram-negative Bacilli | 252 | ||
| Non-neglected potential threat: drug resistance of the subepidemic strains | 252 | ||
| Rational Use of Powers to Block the Spreading of the Enemy | 253 | ||
| Global strategy on bacterial resistance by World Health Organization | 253 | ||
| Rational use of powers to block the spreading of the enemy | 256 | ||
| Prevent from the starting point of food chain: reduce the use of antibiotics in animals | 258 | ||
| Continuous Discovery of New Weapons to Defeat the Enemy | 260 | ||
| Strategy 1: expand microbial resources to search for new antibiotics | 260 | ||
| Screening of new antibiotics from microbes living in extreme environments | 260 | ||
| Screening of new antibiotics from marine microorganisms | 261 | ||
| Screening of new antibiotics from plant endophytes | 265 | ||
| Strategy 2: screening of new antibiotics from plants | 266 | ||
| Strategy 3: screening of new antibiotics from animals | 268 | ||
| Strategy 4: chemical synthesis of new chemical structure of antibacterial drugs | 270 | ||
| Strategy 5: disarm the bacteria attacking the drugs | 271 | ||
| Development of new antimicrobial drugs related to resistant-bacteria-produced hydrolase | 272 | ||
| Development of new antimicrobial drugs related to resistant-bacteria-produced antibiotics-inactivating enzymes | 273 | ||
| Development of new antimicrobial drugs related to change of attacking site of resistant bacteria | 273 | ||
| Development of new antimicrobial drugs related to change of barrier in resistant bacteria | 274 | ||
| Development of new antimicrobial drugs related to drug efflux pump of resistant bacteria | 275 | ||
| Strategy 6: look for antimicrobial drugs with multi-killing mechanisms and new acting targets | 275 | ||
| Antibiotics with multi-killing mechanisms | 275 | ||
| Looking for new drug targets | 276 | ||
| Strategy 7: discover new antibiotics by using genomics results | 276 | ||
| Index | 279 |