BOOK
Modern Thoracic Oncology (In 3 Volumes)
Cameron Robert Brian | Olevsky Olga | Gage Diana
(2018)
Additional Information
Book Details
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Volume 1\r | 1:C | ||
| Contents | 1:vii | ||
| Foreword | 1:v | ||
| List of Contributors | 1:xi | ||
| A. Anatomy and Embryology | 1:1 | ||
| Embryology and Anatomy of the Chest | 1:3 | ||
| Early Development — The First Two Weeks of Gestation | 1:3 | ||
| Embryonic Germ Layers — Week 3 | 1:4 | ||
| Somites, Lateral Mesoderm, and the Neural Tube — Week 4 | 1:5 | ||
| Heart and Cardiovascular System — Weeks 3 to 8 | 1:5 | ||
| Gut, Esophagus, Trachea, and Lungs — Week 3 to 8 Years | 1:6 | ||
| Pharyngeal Arches and Thymus, Weeks 4 to 12 | 1:8 | ||
| Thoracic Walls — Weeks 4 to 8 | 1:9 | ||
| References | 1:10 | ||
| B. Medical Evaluation of Thoracic Oncology Patients | 1:11 | ||
| Pulmonary Evaluation of Thoracic Oncology Patients | 1:13 | ||
| References | 1:17 | ||
| Cardiac Evaluation of Thoracic Oncology Patients | 1:21 | ||
| Introduction | 1:21 | ||
| Cardiotoxicity of Cancer Therapies: Implications of Chemotherapy and Radiation | 1:21 | ||
| Cardiac Assessment Prior to Surgical Therapy | 1:23 | ||
| Pre-Operative Evaluation: Cardiac Risk Factors and Functional Status | 1:23 | ||
| Pre-operative Coronary Revascularization: Indications and Management | 1:24 | ||
| Perioperative Cardiac Medication Management | 1:25 | ||
| References | 1:25 | ||
| Evaluation of Elderly Patients | 1:29 | ||
| Introduction | 1:29 | ||
| Geriatric Assessment of Cancer Patients | 1:30 | ||
| Assessment of Older Patients Needing Surgery | 1:31 | ||
| References | 1:32 | ||
| C. Imaging of the Thorax | 1:35 | ||
| Standard Radiography | 1:37 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 1:39 | ||
| References | 1:40 | ||
| Positron Emission Tomography (and PET/CT) | 1:43 | ||
| References | 1:47 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Thoracic Malignancies | 1:49 | ||
| MRI Protocol for Thoracic Malignancies | 1:49 | ||
| Indications | 1:50 | ||
| Characterization and Staging of Mediastinal Tumors | 1:50 | ||
| Characterization and Staging of Pleural Tumors | 1:53 | ||
| Characterization and Staging of Chest Wall Tumors | 1:56 | ||
| Osseous, cartilaginous, and muscular tumors | 1:56 | ||
| Vascular tumors | 1:58 | ||
| Neurogenic tumors | 1:59 | ||
| Adipose tumors | 1:60 | ||
| Characterization and Staging of Superior Sulcus Tumors | 1:61 | ||
| Functional Assessment of Diaphragm | 1:62 | ||
| Assessment of Pulmonary Vasculature and Cardiac Function in Preparation for Surgery | 1:63 | ||
| MRI assessment of local tumor invasion | 1:63 | ||
| Cardiac MRI | 1:66 | ||
| References | 1:69 | ||
| Ultrasonography | 1:73 | ||
| Reference | 1:74 | ||
| Imaging’s Contribution to Staging Thoracic Tumors | 1:75 | ||
| Reference | 1:77 | ||
| D. Principles of Thoracic Surgical Oncology | 1:79 | ||
| Choosing Appropriate Resection for Operable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer | 1:81 | ||
| References | 1:89 | ||
| Thoracic Surgical Lymphadenectomy | 1:93 | ||
| Defined Techniques of Complete Nodal Dissection | 1:94 | ||
| Video-Assisted and Robotically Assisted Node Dissection | 1:95 | ||
| Cervical Approaches: VAMLA/TEMLA | 1:96 | ||
| Data on Lymph Node Sampling versus Complete Lymphadenectomy | 1:97 | ||
| References | 1:98 | ||
| The Role of Minimally Invasive Surgery | 1:101 | ||
| Definition | 1:101 | ||
| Lung Cancer | 1:102 | ||
| Esophageal Cancer | 1:103 | ||
| Thymic Malignancies | 1:105 | ||
| Robotics | 1:105 | ||
| Summary | 1:106 | ||
| References | 1:106 | ||
| E. Principles of Thoracic Radiation Oncology | 1:111 | ||
| Radiation Treatment Planning and Delivery | 1:113 | ||
| Introduction | 1:113 | ||
| Simulation | 1:114 | ||
| Treatment Planning | 1:115 | ||
| Contouring | 1:115 | ||
| Treatment Planning Strategies | 1:119 | ||
| Target Dose and Normal Tissue Constraints | 1:121 | ||
| Conventionally Fractionated Radiotherapy | 1:121 | ||
| Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy | 1:122 | ||
| Motion Management Strategies | 1:123 | ||
| Quality Assurance and Patient Safety | 1:130 | ||
| Image Guided Treatment Delivery | 1:130 | ||
| Conclusion | 1:131 | ||
| References | 1:131 | ||
| Biological Basis of Clinical Radiation Oncology | 1:135 | ||
| Introduction to Fractionation Radiobiology | 1:135 | ||
| Biophysical Interpretation of Radiation Actions | 1:136 | ||
| Altered Fractionation Strategies | 1:140 | ||
| Dose Response Relationships | 1:142 | ||
| Tissue Organization | 1:143 | ||
| Heterogeneous Dose Distribution | 1:144 | ||
| Precision-Oriented Radiation Therapy | 1:145 | ||
| Special Considerations for Thoracic Irradiation | 1:148 | ||
| References | 1:150 | ||
| Radiation Toxicities and Management | 1:153 | ||
| Introduction | 1:153 | ||
| Acute versus late effects | 1:153 | ||
| Pathophysiology of Normal Tissue Injury | 1:154 | ||
| Lungs | 1:154 | ||
| Esophagus | 1:156 | ||
| Heart | 1:157 | ||
| Brachial plexus and spinal cord | 1:158 | ||
| Other normal tissue considerations | 1:159 | ||
| Consequences of Concurrent Chemotherapy | 1:160 | ||
| Mitigators of Normal Tissue Toxicity | 1:161 | ||
| Minimizing target volumes | 1:162 | ||
| Setting dose limits to normal structures | 1:163 | ||
| Radioprotectants | 1:164 | ||
| Amifostine | 1:164 | ||
| Angiotensin inhibitors | 1:165 | ||
| Concurrent smoking | 1:166 | ||
| Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SBRT/SABR) | 1:166 | ||
| Caution with central tumors | 1:169 | ||
| Other reports with modest hypofractionation | 1:169 | ||
| Managing Toxicities | 1:170 | ||
| Pulmonary | 1:170 | ||
| Esophageal | 1:170 | ||
| Cardiac | 1:171 | ||
| References | 1:171 | ||
| F. Principles of Thoracic Medical Oncology | 1:181 | ||
| Principles of Precision Medicine in Lung Cancer | 1:183 | ||
| Introduction | 1:183 | ||
| Driver Mutations in Lung Cancer | 1:183 | ||
| Targeted Therapies | 1:189 | ||
| Immunotherapy | 1:191 | ||
| Response Assessment — Traditional Outcomes and Advancing Technologies | 1:192 | ||
| Prevention | 1:194 | ||
| References | 1:194 | ||
| Commonly used Cytotoxic Agents in Thoracic Oncology | 1:197 | ||
| Platina Salts | 1:197 | ||
| Gemcitabine (dFdC) 2′, 2′-Difluorodeoxycytidine | 1:199 | ||
| Pemetrexed | 1:200 | ||
| Taxanes | 1:201 | ||
| Vinorelbine | 1:202 | ||
| Irinotecan | 1:202 | ||
| Topotecan | 1:203 | ||
| References | 1:204 | ||
| Targeted Biological Agents and Mechanisms | 1:211 | ||
| References | 1:215 | ||
| PD-1 Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer | 1:217 | ||
| Introduction | 1:217 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 1:217 | ||
| Anti PD-1 and Anti PD-L1 Therapies in Advanced, Relapsed NSCLC | 1:218 | ||
| Anti PD-1 as Frontline Treatment in Advanced NSCLC | 1:220 | ||
| Toxicity of PD1/PDL-1 Blockade in NSCLC | 1:220 | ||
| Conclusion | 1:221 | ||
| References | 1:221 | ||
| Adverse Effects Induced by EGFR-TKIs: Rash and Diarrhea — Their Management | 1:223 | ||
| Effects of EGFR-TKI Inhibition on the Epidermis | 1:223 | ||
| Dermatological Adverse Events Induced by EGFR-TKIs | 1:223 | ||
| Acneiform Rash | 1:224 | ||
| Local Care Management Strategies | 1:224 | ||
| Pharmacologic Management Strategies | 1:225 | ||
| Paronychia | 1:226 | ||
| Local Care Management Strategies | 1:227 | ||
| Pharmacologic Management Strategies | 1:227 | ||
| Summary | 1:227 | ||
| Diarrhea Induced by EGFR-TKIs | 1:228 | ||
| Grading and Assessment of Diarrhea | 1:228 | ||
| Management of Diarrhea | 1:229 | ||
| Conclusion | 1:230 | ||
| References | 1:230 | ||
| G. Principles of Other Therapeutic Modalities | 1:233 | ||
| Percutaneous Image-Guided Ablative Therapy | 1:235 | ||
| Radiofrequency Ablation | 1:235 | ||
| Outcomes | 1:238 | ||
| Microwave Ablation | 1:238 | ||
| Outcomes | 1:240 | ||
| Cryoablation | 1:241 | ||
| Outcomes | 1:241 | ||
| Conclusion | 1:242 | ||
| References | 1:243 | ||
| Photodynamic Therapy | 1:247 | ||
| Introduction | 1:247 | ||
| History | 1:247 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 1:248 | ||
| The Double-Edged Sword of Requiring Visible Light | 1:248 | ||
| FDA-Approved PDT Applications in Thoracic Oncology | 1:249 | ||
| Investigational Applications of PDT in Thoracic Oncology | 1:250 | ||
| Conclusion and Future Challenges | 1:250 | ||
| References | 1:251 | ||
| H. Principles of Supportive and Palliative Care | 1:253 | ||
| Nutrition | 1:255 | ||
| Prevalence and Significance of Malnutrition | 1:255 | ||
| Nutritional Screening and Assessment | 1:256 | ||
| Nutritional Support | 1:256 | ||
| Oral Nutrition | 1:257 | ||
| Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition | 1:257 | ||
| Palliative Surgery and Intraluminal Stents | 1:258 | ||
| Future Directions — Potential for Protein Anabolism | 1:258 | ||
| References | 1:259 | ||
| Chinese Herbal Medicine as Adjunct Therapy in Patients with Lung Cancer | 1:261 | ||
| Practice Guidelines | 1:261 | ||
| Data from Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) | 1:261 | ||
| Mechanisms of Therapeutic and Palliative Action | 1:262 | ||
| Clinical Reasoning | 1:263 | ||
| Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies | 1:263 | ||
| Study Quality | 1:264 | ||
| Summary | 1:264 | ||
| References | 1:264 | ||
| Integrative and Multidisciplinary Approaches to Pain Management in Lung Cancer | 1:269 | ||
| The Impact of Pain on Lung Cancer Survival and Quality of Life | 1:269 | ||
| Understanding the Multifactorial Nature of Pain | 1:269 | ||
| Surgical and Radiologic Interventions | 1:270 | ||
| Pharmacologic Interventions | 1:270 | ||
| Acupuncture | 1:271 | ||
| Manual Therapies | 1:271 | ||
| Summary | 1:272 | ||
| References | 1:272 | ||
| Acupuncture and the Needs of Patients with Lung Cancer | 1:275 | ||
| Mechanisms of Action — Acupuncture | 1:275 | ||
| Mechanisms of Action — Electroacupuncture | 1:276 | ||
| Clinical Evidence Relevant to Lung Cancer | 1:276 | ||
| Summary | 1:276 | ||
| References | 1:277 | ||
| End-of-Life Care | 1:279 | ||
| Advance Care Planning | 1:280 | ||
| Hemoptysis | 1:281 | ||
| Superior Vena Cava Syndrome | 1:282 | ||
| Malignant Airway Obstruction | 1:282 | ||
| References | 1:283 | ||
| Index | 1:287 | ||
| Volume 2 | 2:C | ||
| Contents | 2:vii | ||
| Foreword | 2:v | ||
| List of Contributors | 2:xi | ||
| Part 1. Trachea and Lung Neoplasms | 2:1 | ||
| A. Tracheal Neoplasms \r | 2:3 | ||
| Epidemiology of Tracheal Neoplasms \r | 2:3 | ||
| References | 2:3 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Tracheal Neoplasms | 2:5 | ||
| References | 2:7 | ||
| Pathology and Staging of Tracheal Neoplasms | 2:9 | ||
| Epidemiology | 2:9 | ||
| Etiology — Premalignant Lesions | 2:9 | ||
| Prognosis | 2:11 | ||
| Histology — WHO Classification | 2:11 | ||
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 2:12 | ||
| Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma | 2:13 | ||
| Secondary Tumors | 2:13 | ||
| Staging — TNM Classification | 2:15 | ||
| References | 2:15 | ||
| Treatment of Tracheal Neoplasms by Surgery | 2:17 | ||
| Introduction | 2:17 | ||
| Primary and Metastatic Tumors | 2:17 | ||
| Histologic Types | 2:18 | ||
| Presentation | 2:18 | ||
| Evaluation | 2:20 | ||
| Treatment | 2:21 | ||
| Preparation | 2:21 | ||
| Approach | 2:21 | ||
| Resection | 2:22 | ||
| Post-Operative Care | 2:22 | ||
| Operative complications | 2:22 | ||
| Adjuvant Therapy | 2:23 | ||
| Results | 2:23 | ||
| Conclusion | 2:23 | ||
| References | 2:24 | ||
| Treatment of Tracheal Neoplasms by Radiation Therapy | 2:25 | ||
| References | 2:27 | ||
| Prognosis and Surveillance of Tracheal Neoplasms | 2:29 | ||
| References | 2:31 | ||
| B. Non-Small Cell Lung Neoplasms | 2:33 | ||
| Biological Basis of Non-Small Cell Lung Neoplasms | 2:33 | ||
| Molecular Epidemiology and Etiology | 2:33 | ||
| Genomic Classification of Lung Cancer | 2:34 | ||
| Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor Genes, and Signaling Pathways in Lung Cancer | 2:35 | ||
| Hallmark: Sustaining Proliferative Signaling | 2:35 | ||
| EGFR/HER2/MET Signaling | 2:35 | ||
| RAS/RAF/MAPK Pathway | 2:38 | ||
| Pl3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway | 2:39 | ||
| Insulin Growth Factor (IGF) Pathway and ROS1 | 2:40 | ||
| Other Fusion Proteins: EML4-ALK and RET | 2:40 | ||
| Hallmark: Resisting Cell Death and Evading Growth Suppressors | 2:40 | ||
| MYC | 2:40 | ||
| The 3p Tumor Suppressor Genes (TSGs) — Regulators of Apoptosis | 2:41 | ||
| The p53 Pathway | 2:41 | ||
| The p16INK4a-RB Pathway | 2:41 | ||
| Hallmark: Enabling Replicative Immortality | 2:42 | ||
| Hallmark: Inducing Angiogenesis | 2:42 | ||
| Hallmark: Activation Invasion and Metastasis | 2:42 | ||
| Hallmark: Avoiding Immune Destruction | 2:43 | ||
| Lineage-Dependent Oncogenes: SOX2 and NKX2-1 (TITF1) | 2:43 | ||
| Lung Cancer Stem Cells | 2:44 | ||
| Translation of Molecular Data to the Clinic | 2:45 | ||
| References | 2:45 | ||
| Epidemiology of Non-Small Cell Lung Neoplasms | 2:61 | ||
| References | 2:64 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Neoplasms | 2:67 | ||
| Symptoms Related to Primary Tumor | 2:69 | ||
| Symptoms Related to Metastases | 2:69 | ||
| Constitutional Symptoms and Symptoms Related to Paraneoplastic Syndromes | 2:70 | ||
| Diagnosis and Staging of Lung Cancer | 2:70 | ||
| Radiology studies | 2:70 | ||
| Diagnostic biopsy | 2:71 | ||
| References | 2:72 | ||
| Imaging of Non-Small Cell Lung Neoplasms: Lung Cancer Screening | 2:73 | ||
| Background | 2:73 | ||
| Low dose chest computed tomography (CT) | 2:74 | ||
| Non-randomized control (observational) trials | 2:74 | ||
| Randomized control trials | 2:75 | ||
| DANTE | 2:75 | ||
| NLST | 2:76 | ||
| NELSON | 2:77 | ||
| Risks of Screening | 2:78 | ||
| False positive results in the NLST | 2:78 | ||
| Invasive diagnostic procedures and complications | 2:79 | ||
| Overdiagnosis | 2:81 | ||
| False negative results | 2:82 | ||
| Radiation exposure | 2:83 | ||
| Risk Assessment | 2:84 | ||
| Smoking Cessation | 2:86 | ||
| Recommendations and Coverage | 2:86 | ||
| Implementation and Cost Effectiveness | 2:88 | ||
| Conclusion | 2:95 | ||
| References | 2:96 | ||
| Imaging of Non-Small Cell Lung Neoplasms | 2:101 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 2:101 | ||
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 2:103 | ||
| Large Cell Carcinoma | 2:103 | ||
| Comparisons to Small Cell Carcinomas and Bronchopulmonary Carcinoid Tumors | 2:104 | ||
| Imaging and Cell Type | 2:105 | ||
| References | 2:105 | ||
| Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Neoplasms by Surgery | 2:107 | ||
| Introduction | 2:107 | ||
| Stage I (T1-2 N0) | 2:107 | ||
| Stage II (T1-2 N1, T3N0) | 2:108 | ||
| Stage IIIA (T1-3N2, T3N1) | 2:110 | ||
| Stage IIIB (T4/N3) Stage IV (M1) | 2:111 | ||
| Conclusion | 2:112 | ||
| References | 2:112 | ||
| Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Neoplasms by Radiation Therapy | 2:117 | ||
| Radiation Therapy for Early-Stage NSCLC | 2:117 | ||
| Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced NSCLC | 2:119 | ||
| Consolidation/Palliative Radiation in Metastatic NSCLC | 2:121 | ||
| References | 2:121 | ||
| Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Neoplasms by Durg Therapy | 2:127 | ||
| Introduction | 2:127 | ||
| Staging | 2:127 | ||
| Stage I and Stage II NSCLC | 2:128 | ||
| Stage III NSCLC | 2:129 | ||
| Stage IV NSCLC | 2:130 | ||
| Histology | 2:130 | ||
| Targeted Therapy | 2:130 | ||
| Group A: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation Positive | 2:131 | ||
| Group B: Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Mutation Positive | 2:133 | ||
| Group C: Mutation Status Negative or Unknown | 2:133 | ||
| Anti-Angiogenic Agents | 2:135 | ||
| Squamous Histology | 2:136 | ||
| Immunotherapy | 2:137 | ||
| Conclusion | 2:138 | ||
| References | 2:138 | ||
| Prognosis and Surveillance of Non-Small Cell Lung Neoplasms | 2:143 | ||
| Introduction | 2:143 | ||
| Recurrence | 2:144 | ||
| Second Primary Lung Cancer | 2:145 | ||
| Surveillance Modalities | 2:146 | ||
| Clinical Follow-Up | 2:147 | ||
| Radiologic Surveillance | 2:148 | ||
| Low-Dose CT | 2:148 | ||
| Diagnostic CT versus CXR | 2:149 | ||
| PET | 2:149 | ||
| Biomarkers | 2:150 | ||
| Surveillance Team | 2:152 | ||
| Conclusions | 2:152 | ||
| References | 2:153 | ||
| C. Small Cell Lung Neoplasms | 2:157 | ||
| Biological Basis of Small Cell Lung Neoplasms | 2:157 | ||
| Introduction | 2:157 | ||
| Interplay between Loss of Retinoblastoma and TP53 and Neuroendocrine Signaling | 2:157 | ||
| The Role of Transcription Factors in SCLC Pathogenesis | 2:158 | ||
| Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling | 2:159 | ||
| Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Control | 2:160 | ||
| DNA Repair Pathways | 2:161 | ||
| Conclusions | 2:161 | ||
| References | 2:162 | ||
| Epidemiology of Small Cell Lung Neoplasms | 2:165 | ||
| References | 2:167 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Small Cell Lung Neoplasms | 2:171 | ||
| References | 2:174 | ||
| Imaging of Small Cell Lung Neoplasms | 2:177 | ||
| References | 2:179 | ||
| Pathology and Staging of Small Cell Lung Neoplasms | 2:181 | ||
| Introduction | 2:181 | ||
| Gross/Microscopic Pathology | 2:181 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 2:183 | ||
| Low/Intermediate Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (Typical/Atypical Carcinoid) | 2:184 | ||
| Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (LCNEC) | 2:184 | ||
| Extrapulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma | 2:185 | ||
| Staging | 2:185 | ||
| References | 2:187 | ||
| Treatment of Small Cell Lung Neoplasms by Surgery | 2:189 | ||
| References | 2:193 | ||
| Treatment of Small Cell Lung Neoplasms by Radiation Oncology | 2:197 | ||
| Conflict of Interest | 2:202 | ||
| Acknowledgments | 2:202 | ||
| References | 2:203 | ||
| Treatment of Small Cell Lung Neoplasms by Drug Therapy | 2:205 | ||
| Limited Stage SCLC (T1-T2N0M0) | 2:205 | ||
| Limited Stage SCLC (T1-4N1-3M0, Except T3-4 Due to Additional Lung Nodules) | 2:206 | ||
| Extensive Stage SCLC (T1-4N1-3M1a-b) | 2:206 | ||
| References | 2:208 | ||
| Prognosis and Surveillance of Small Cell Lung Neoplasms | 2:209 | ||
| Limited-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer | 2:209 | ||
| Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer | 2:211 | ||
| Recurrent Small Cell Lung Cancer | 2:212 | ||
| Prognosis | 2:212 | ||
| References | 2:215 | ||
| Part 2. Pleural Neoplasms | 2:219 | ||
| A. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma | 2:221 | ||
| Biological Basis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma | 2:221 | ||
| General Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis | 2:221 | ||
| Selected Molecular Pathways | 2:223 | ||
| Epigenetic Changes | 2:223 | ||
| Apoptotic Dysregulation | 2:223 | ||
| Other Oncogene and Tumor Suppressor Pathways | 2:223 | ||
| Recent Advances | 2:224 | ||
| Selected References | 2:225 | ||
| References | 2:225 | ||
| Epidemiology of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma | 2:231 | ||
| References | 2:232 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma | 2:235 | ||
| Clinical Presentations | 2:235 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2:236 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry (IHC) | 2:237 | ||
| References | 2:238 | ||
| Imaging of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma | 2:243 | ||
| Conventional Chest Radiograph | 2:243 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 2:244 | ||
| Positron Emission Tomography and PET/CT | 2:245 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 2:246 | ||
| Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) | 2:249 | ||
| References | 2:250 | ||
| Pathology and Staging of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma | 2:251 | ||
| Macroscopic Appearance | 2:251 | ||
| Cytologic Evaluation | 2:252 | ||
| Microscopic Evaluation | 2:253 | ||
| WHO Classification of Diffuse Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma | 2:255 | ||
| Epithelioid Mesothelioma | 2:255 | ||
| Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma | 2:256 | ||
| Desmoplastic Mesothelioma | 2:257 | ||
| Biphasic Mesothelioma | 2:258 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 2:259 | ||
| Staging of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma | 2:260 | ||
| References | 2:262 | ||
| Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma by Surgery | 2:267 | ||
| Introduction | 2:267 | ||
| Mesothelioma Characteristics Favoring Surgery | 2:267 | ||
| Mesothelioma Characteristics Against Surgery | 2:268 | ||
| Surgical Rationale | 2:269 | ||
| Types of Surgical Procedures | 2:270 | ||
| Thorascopic Pleurodesis | 2:270 | ||
| Pleurectomy and Decortication (P/D) | 2:270 | ||
| Extended Pleurectomy and Decortication (Extended P/D) | 2:273 | ||
| Partial Pleurectomy | 2:273 | ||
| Extrapleural Pneumonectomy (EPP) | 2:274 | ||
| Outcomes and Survival | 2:275 | ||
| Summary | 2:278 | ||
| References | 2:278 | ||
| Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma by Radiation Therapy | 2:283 | ||
| Introduction | 2:283 | ||
| Radiotherapy After Extrapleural Pneumonectomy | 2:284 | ||
| Adjuvant Radiotherapy Following Pleurectomy with Decortication | 2:287 | ||
| Radiotherapy for Inoperable Patients | 2:291 | ||
| Prophylactic Irradiation of Chest Wall Incision Sites | 2:292 | ||
| Palliative Care | 2:293 | ||
| References | 2:293 | ||
| Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma by Drug Therapy | 2:299 | ||
| Conclusion | 2:307 | ||
| References | 2:307 | ||
| Prognosis and Surveillance of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma | 2:311 | ||
| References | 2:318 | ||
| Index | 2:325 | ||
| Volume 3\r | 3:C | ||
| Contents | 3:vii | ||
| Foreword | 3:v | ||
| List of Contributors | 3:xi | ||
| Part 1. Esophageal Neoplasms | 3:1 | ||
| A. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus | 3:3 | ||
| Biological Basis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 3:3 | ||
| Genetic Alterations | 3:3 | ||
| Epigenetic Changes | 3:4 | ||
| References | 3:5 | ||
| Epidemiology of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 3:7 | ||
| Occupational Factors and ESCC | 3:8 | ||
| Tobacco Use and Alcohol Consumption As Main Risk Factors for ESCC | 3:8 | ||
| Risk of ESCC and Diet | 3:9 | ||
| Animal Contact, Oral Hygiene, Socioeconomic Status and Other Factors | 3:9 | ||
| Infection Factors | 3:10 | ||
| Genetic Susceptibility to ESCC | 3:10 | ||
| References | 3:12 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 3:17 | ||
| Introduction | 3:17 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 3:17 | ||
| Diagnosis | 3:19 | ||
| References | 3:21 | ||
| Imaging of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 3:23 | ||
| Pre-Treatment Tumor Staging | 3:23 | ||
| M Stage | 3:23 | ||
| N Stage | 3:24 | ||
| T Stage | 3:25 | ||
| References | 3:26 | ||
| Screening for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 3:27 | ||
| Identification of High-Risk Population | 3:27 | ||
| Endoscopic Screening | 3:27 | ||
| Chromoendoscopy | 3:28 | ||
| Image-Enhanced Endoscopy | 3:28 | ||
| Non-Endoscopic Screening | 3:30 | ||
| References | 3:30 | ||
| Pathology and Staging of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 3:33 | ||
| References | 3:36 | ||
| Treatment of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Surgery | 3:39 | ||
| Introduction | 3:39 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 3:39 | ||
| Lymphadenectomy | 3:40 | ||
| Reconstruction | 3:41 | ||
| Summary | 3:41 | ||
| References | 3:41 | ||
| Treatment of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Radiation Therapy | 3:43 | ||
| Introduction | 3:43 | ||
| Definitive Chemoradiotherapy | 3:43 | ||
| Pre-Operative Chemoradiotherapy | 3:44 | ||
| Pre-Operative Chemoradiotherapy versus Surgery Alone | 3:44 | ||
| Pre-Operative Chemoradiotherapy versus Definitive Chemoradiotherapy | 3:45 | ||
| Radiation Therapy Technique | 3:46 | ||
| References | 3:48 | ||
| Treatment of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Drug Therapy | 3:51 | ||
| Advanced Disease | 3:51 | ||
| Neoadjuvant Treatment | 3:52 | ||
| Adjuvant Treatment | 3:53 | ||
| References | 3:53 | ||
| Prognosis and Surveillance of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 3:57 | ||
| Prognosis | 3:57 | ||
| Response to Chemoradiation | 3:58 | ||
| Patterns of Failure | 3:59 | ||
| Surveillance | 3:59 | ||
| References | 3:60 | ||
| B. Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus | 3:63 | ||
| Biological Basis of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma | 3:63 | ||
| Disease Progression | 3:63 | ||
| Targeted Therapy | 3:65 | ||
| References | 3:67 | ||
| Epidemiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma | 3:69 | ||
| Introduction | 3:69 | ||
| Descriptive Epidemiology | 3:69 | ||
| Risk Factors | 3:70 | ||
| Barrett’s Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 3:70 | ||
| Obesity and Body Size | 3:70 | ||
| Tobacco Smoking | 3:71 | ||
| Helicobacter pylori Infection | 3:71 | ||
| Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs | 3:72 | ||
| Diet | 3:72 | ||
| Conclusions | 3:72 | ||
| References | 3:72 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma | 3:79 | ||
| References | 3:80 | ||
| Imaging of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma | 3:81 | ||
| Pretreatment Imaging | 3:81 | ||
| Primary Tumor | 3:81 | ||
| Lymph node metastases | 3:85 | ||
| Distant Metastases | 3:87 | ||
| Posttreatment Imaging and Surveillance | 3:88 | ||
| Conclusions | 3:89 | ||
| References | 3:89 | ||
| Screening for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma | 3:91 | ||
| Introduction | 3:91 | ||
| Rationale for Screening | 3:91 | ||
| Challenges to Screening | 3:92 | ||
| Advances in Screening Techiniques | 3:93 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Screening Techniques | 3:93 | ||
| Imaging-Based Techniques | 3:94 | ||
| Identifying the Target Population for Screening | 3:95 | ||
| Stratification of Barrett’s Esophagus Cancer Risk | 3:96 | ||
| Demographic and Endoscopic Risk Factors | 3:96 | ||
| Histologic and Molecular Risk Factors | 3:97 | ||
| Summary | 3:98 | ||
| References | 3:98 | ||
| Pathology and Staging of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma | 3:107 | ||
| Pathology | 3:107 | ||
| Barrett’s Esophagus | 3:107 | ||
| Dysplasia | 3:109 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 3:109 | ||
| Screening | 3:112 | ||
| Staging | 3:112 | ||
| References | 3:115 | ||
| Treatment of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by Endoscopic Therapies | 3:117 | ||
| Introduction to Endoscopic Eradication Therapy | 3:117 | ||
| Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) | 3:118 | ||
| Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) | 3:120 | ||
| Cryotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) | 3:121 | ||
| Summary | 3:122 | ||
| References | 3:123 | ||
| Treatment of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by Surgery | 3:125 | ||
| Introduction | 3:125 | ||
| When is Surgery Necessary? | 3:125 | ||
| Type of Surgery | 3:126 | ||
| Pre-Operative Evaluation | 3:127 | ||
| Tumor Location | 3:128 | ||
| Brief Operative Details | 3:129 | ||
| Complications | 3:131 | ||
| Conclusion | 3:131 | ||
| References | 3:131 | ||
| Treatment of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by Radiation Therapy | 3:135 | ||
| Radiation Therapy as a Single Modality | 3:135 | ||
| Dual-Modality Therapy: Adjuvant or Pre-Operative Radiation Therapy with Surgery | 3:136 | ||
| Dual-Modality Therapy: Chemoradiation | 3:136 | ||
| Tri-Modality Therapy: Surgery with Chemoradiation | 3:138 | ||
| Radiation Therapy Delivery Techniques | 3:139 | ||
| References | 3:143 | ||
| Treatment of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma by Drug Therapy | 3:149 | ||
| References | 3:153 | ||
| Prognosis and Surveillance of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma | 3:157 | ||
| Prognosis | 3:157 | ||
| Pathologic Response | 3:157 | ||
| Imaging Response | 3:159 | ||
| Surveillance | 3:160 | ||
| References | 3:162 | ||
| Stage-Specific Treatment of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma | 3:165 | ||
| Early-Stage Disease and Endoscopic Therapy | 3:165 | ||
| Early-Stage Disease and Primary Surgery | 3:166 | ||
| Locally Advanced Disease (Neoadjuvant Treatment) | 3:166 | ||
| Surgery | 3:168 | ||
| Adjuvant Treatment | 3:169 | ||
| Advanced Disease | 3:169 | ||
| Alternatives to Surgery | 3:170 | ||
| References | 3:171 | ||
| Part 2. Mediastinal Neoplasms | 3:175 | ||
| A. Thymic Neoplasms | 3:177 | ||
| Epidemiology of Thymic Neoplasms | 3:177 | ||
| References | 3:178 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Thymic Neoplasms | 3:181 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 3:181 | ||
| Diagnosis | 3:182 | ||
| References | 3:185 | ||
| Imaging of Thymic Neoplasms | 3:187 | ||
| References | 3:191 | ||
| Pathology and Staging of Thymic Neoplasms | 3:193 | ||
| Introduction | 3:193 | ||
| Benign Conditions | 3:193 | ||
| Thymic Hyperplasia | 3:193 | ||
| Thymic Hyperplasia with Lymphoepithelial Sialadenitis-Like Features | 3:194 | ||
| Thymic Cysts | 3:194 | ||
| Thymolipoma/Thymofibrolipoma | 3:194 | ||
| Malignant Tumors | 3:195 | ||
| Thymoma | 3:195 | ||
| Thymic Carcinoma | 3:197 | ||
| Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Thymus | 3:199 | ||
| References | 3:201 | ||
| Treatment of Thymic Neoplasms by Surgery | 3:205 | ||
| Introduction | 3:205 | ||
| Principles of Surgery for Thymic Neoplasms | 3:206 | ||
| General Principles | 3:206 | ||
| Surgical Approach | 3:206 | ||
| Extent of Resection | 3:212 | ||
| Lymph Node Dissection | 3:214 | ||
| Cytoreductive Surgery | 3:215 | ||
| Summary | 3:216 | ||
| References | 3:217 | ||
| Treatment of Thymic Neoplasms by Radiation Therapy | 3:221 | ||
| Indications | 3:221 | ||
| Consensus Guidelines for PORT in Thymoma | 3:223 | ||
| Radiation Therapy Technique and Toxicity | 3:223 | ||
| Alternative Radiation Therapy Modalities — Hemithoracic Radiation Therapy | 3:225 | ||
| References | 3:226 | ||
| Treatment of Thymic Neoplasms by Drug Therapy | 3:229 | ||
| Introduction | 3:229 | ||
| Chemotherapy as Part of Curative Intent | 3:229 | ||
| Chemotherapy with Surgery | 3:229 | ||
| Chemotherapy with Radiation | 3:230 | ||
| Palliative Chemotherapy | 3:232 | ||
| Anthracyclines | 3:232 | ||
| Non-Anthracyclines | 3:232 | ||
| Amrubicin | 3:233 | ||
| Targeted Therapies | 3:233 | ||
| Octreotide | 3:234 | ||
| mTOR (Mammalian Target of Rapamycin) | 3:234 | ||
| c-KIT and Multi-Targeted TKIs | 3:235 | ||
| Epigenetic Modification | 3:235 | ||
| Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF-1R) | 3:236 | ||
| Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors | 3:236 | ||
| EGFR Inhibitors, Src Inhibitors, and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) Inhibitors | 3:237 | ||
| Conclusions | 3:237 | ||
| References | 3:238 | ||
| Prognosis and Surveillance of Thymic Neoplasms | 3:243 | ||
| References | 3:244 | ||
| B. Germ Cell Neoplasms | 3:247 | ||
| Epidemiology of Mediastinal Germ Cell Neoplasms | 3:247 | ||
| Introduction | 3:247 | ||
| Epidemiology of Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors | 3:247 | ||
| References | 3:248 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Mediastinal Germ Cell Neoplasms\r | 3:249 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis | 3:249 | ||
| Rare Presentations of Primary Mediastinal Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumors | 3:250 | ||
| Conclusion | 3:251 | ||
| References | 3:251 | ||
| Treatment of Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors by Surgery | 3:253 | ||
| Mature Teratoma | 3:253 | ||
| Primary Mediastinal Seminoma | 3:253 | ||
| Primary Mediastinal Non-Seminoma | 3:253 | ||
| References | 3:258 | ||
| Treatment of Mediastinal Germ Cell Neoplasms by Radiation Therapy\r | 3:259 | ||
| Radiotherapy Alone for Mediastinal Seminoma: A Historical Perspective | 3:259 | ||
| The Emergence of Chemotherapy: Rationale and Evidence | 3:261 | ||
| Summary and Modern Role for Radiotherapy | 3:261 | ||
| Selected References | 3:262 | ||
| References | 3:262 | ||
| Prognosis and Surveillance of Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors | 3:265 | ||
| Conclusions | 3:267 | ||
| References | 3:268 | ||
| Neurogenic Tumors | 3:269 | ||
| Radiological Indications in Neurogenic Tumors | 3:269 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis in Neurogenic Tumors | 3:270 | ||
| Neurogenic Tumors that Originate from Neural Sheath | 3:270 | ||
| Neurolemmoma | 3:271 | ||
| Melanotic schwannoma | 3:271 | ||
| Neurofibroma | 3:273 | ||
| Granular cell tumor | 3:273 | ||
| Neurosarcoma | 3:273 | ||
| Neurogenic Tumors that Originate from Sympathetic Ganglia | 3:274 | ||
| Ganglioneuroma | 3:274 | ||
| Neuroblastoma | 3:276 | ||
| Ganglioneuroblastoma | 3:276 | ||
| Neurogenic Tumors that Originate from Paraganglial Cells | 3:277 | ||
| Chemodectoma | 3:277 | ||
| Phaeochromocytoma | 3:277 | ||
| Tumors that Originate from Neuroectoderm | 3:277 | ||
| Melanotic progonoma | 3:278 | ||
| Askin tumor | 3:278 | ||
| Surgery of Neurogenic Tumors | 3:278 | ||
| References | 3:280 | ||
| Part 3. Chest Wall and Diaphragm Neoplasms | 3:283 | ||
| A. Bony and Soft Tissue Sarcomas | 3:285 | ||
| Treatment of Bony and Soft Tissue Sarcomas by Surgery | 3:285 | ||
| References | 3:291 | ||
| Treatment of Bony and Soft Tissue Sarcomas by Radiation Therapy | 3:293 | ||
| Tumor Location as a Risk Factor | 3:294 | ||
| The Impact of Surgical Margin and Tumor Size | 3:294 | ||
| Histological Grade as a Risk Factor | 3:295 | ||
| Unresectable Tumors: Is There a Role for Definitive Radiation Therapy? | 3:295 | ||
| The Sequencing of Radiation Delivery | 3:296 | ||
| Radiation Treatment Planning | 3:296 | ||
| Summary | 3:297 | ||
| References | 3:298 | ||
| Treatment of Bony and Soft Tissue Sarcomas by Drug Therapy | 3:303 | ||
| Overview | 3:303 | ||
| Etiology and Genetics | 3:303 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis | 3:304 | ||
| Imaging | 3:305 | ||
| Staging | 3:305 | ||
| Biopsy | 3:306 | ||
| Pathology | 3:306 | ||
| Histologic Classification | 3:307 | ||
| Prognosis | 3:307 | ||
| Treatment of Localized Disease | 3:308 | ||
| Surgery | 3:308 | ||
| Residual Disease | 3:308 | ||
| Radiation Therapy | 3:309 | ||
| Chemotherapy | 3:309 | ||
| Neoadjuvant | 3:310 | ||
| Adjuvant Chemotherapy | 3:311 | ||
| Metastatic Disease | 3:311 | ||
| Surgery for Metastatic Disease | 3:312 | ||
| Surveillance | 3:313 | ||
| References | 3:313 | ||
| Prognosis and Surveillance of Bony and Soft Tissue Sarcomas | 3:317 | ||
| References | 3:319 | ||
| Diaphragm Neoplasms | 3:321 | ||
| References | 3:324 | ||
| B. Cardiac Neoplasms | 3:325 | ||
| Primary Cardiac Tumors | 3:325 | ||
| Biological Basis of the Disease | 3:325 | ||
| Epidemiology | 3:325 | ||
| Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis | 3:326 | ||
| Imaging | 3:327 | ||
| Staging | 3:329 | ||
| Surgical Treatment | 3:329 | ||
| Chemotherapy | 3:330 | ||
| Prognosis | 3:330 | ||
| References | 3:330 | ||
| C. Metastatic Neoplasms of the Chest | 3:333 | ||
| Treatment of Thoracic Metastases by Surgery | 3:333 | ||
| Introduction | 3:333 | ||
| Common Criteria for Pulmonary Metastasectomy | 3:333 | ||
| International Registry of Lung Metastasis | 3:334 | ||
| Oliogoprogression | 3:335 | ||
| Surgical Techniques | 3:335 | ||
| Open versus Minimally Invasive Surgery | 3:335 | ||
| Unilateral versus Bilateral Exploration | 3:336 | ||
| Mediastinal Lymph Node Evaluation | 3:336 | ||
| Conclusion | 3:337 | ||
| References | 3:337 | ||
| Treatment of Thoracic Metastases by Radiation Therapy | 3:339 | ||
| References | 3:342 | ||
| Index | 3:345 |