Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Anti-infection Handbook is a concise A–Z guide to diagnosis and management of most infectious diseases and related conditions found in Australia and worldwide. The handbook makes it easy to find an infection or a pathogen, and to determine what tests are needed for diagnosis and what antimicrobials should be chosen for the treatment.
- All-in-one: contains most infections found in Australia and worldwide, with more than 275 infectious diseases and conditions related to bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites and insects
- A-Z: infections are arranged in alphabetical order for easy searching
- Immunisation (including travel vaccination): integrated in the relevant diseases and appendices
- Full eBook on ExpertConsult with print purchase.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| IFC_Expert Consult page | IFC1 | ||
| Anti‐Infection Handbook | i | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Table Of Contents | v | ||
| Preface | x | ||
| Features | x | ||
| How to use this book | xi | ||
| About the author | xii | ||
| A | 1 | ||
| Acne | 1 | ||
| Causes | 1 | ||
| Treatment | 1 | ||
| Mild acne (comedones with some papules and pustules) | 1 | ||
| Moderate acne (widespread papules and pustules +/– mild scarring) | 1 | ||
| Severe acne (nodular abscesses and cysts + extensive scarring) | 2 | ||
| Maintenance | 2 | ||
| Co-care of the skin | 2 | ||
| Actinomycetoma | 2 | ||
| Pathogens | 2 | ||
| Distribution | 2 | ||
| Clinical | 2 | ||
| Diagnosis | 2 | ||
| Treatment | 2 | ||
| Prognosis | 3 | ||
| Actinomycosis | 3 | ||
| Pathogens | 3 | ||
| Distribution | 3 | ||
| Clinical | 3 | ||
| Laboratory | 3 | ||
| Treatment | 4 | ||
| Mild infection | 4 | ||
| Moderate to severe cervicofacial and thoracic actinomycosis | 4 | ||
| Moderate to severe abdominal and pelvic actinomycosis | 4 | ||
| Adenovirus | 4 | ||
| Pathogens | 4 | ||
| Transmission | 4 | ||
| Incubation | 4 | ||
| Adenovirus-associated human diseases | 5 | ||
| Laboratory | 5 | ||
| Treatment | 5 | ||
| Immunity | 5 | ||
| Prevention | 5 | ||
| Amoebiasis | 5 | ||
| Pathogens | 5 | ||
| Transmission | 5 | ||
| Incubation | 5 | ||
| Clinical | 6 | ||
| Laboratory | 6 | ||
| Treatment | 6 | ||
| For amoebic colitis (dysentery) | 6 | ||
| For extra-intestinal amoebiasis (e.g. amoebic liver abscess) | 6 | ||
| Asymptomatic carrier | 6 | ||
| Other species of entamoeba | 7 | ||
| Amoebic Meningitis | 7 | ||
| Pathogens | 7 | ||
| Distribution | 7 | ||
| Transmission | 7 | ||
| Incubation | 7 | ||
| Clinical | 7 | ||
| Treatment | 8 | ||
| Prevention | 8 | ||
| Anthrax | 8 | ||
| Pathogens | 8 | ||
| Transmission | 8 | ||
| Incubation | 8 | ||
| Clinical | 8 | ||
| Laboratory | 8 | ||
| Treatment | 9 | ||
| For cutaneous anthrax | 9 | ||
| For inhalational anthrax | 9 | ||
| Post-exposure prophylaxis | 9 | ||
| For children, if bacteria are susceptible | 9 | ||
| Aphthous Ulcers | 9 | ||
| Causes and risk factors | 9 | ||
| Clinical | 10 | ||
| Laboratory | 10 | ||
| Treatment | 10 | ||
| For mild ulcers | 10 | ||
| For more severe ulcers | 10 | ||
| For major aphthous ulceration (only) | 10 | ||
| For severe ulceration in immunocompromised patient | 10 | ||
| Aspergillosis | 11 | ||
| Pathogens | 11 | ||
| It may cause | 11 | ||
| 1. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis | 11 | ||
| B | 15 | ||
| Babesiosis | 15 | ||
| Pathogens | 15 | ||
| Transmission | 15 | ||
| Incubation | 15 | ||
| Clinical | 15 | ||
| High risk | 15 | ||
| Laboratory | 15 | ||
| Treatment | 15 | ||
| Prevention | 16 | ||
| Balanitis and Balanoposthitis | 16 | ||
| 1. Bacterial infection | 16 | ||
| Pathogen | 16 | ||
| Treatment | 16 | ||
| 2. Candida infection | 17 | ||
| Pathogen | 17 | ||
| C | 34 | ||
| Campylobacter enteritis | 34 | ||
| Pathogens | 34 | ||
| Transmission | 34 | ||
| Incubation | 34 | ||
| Clinical | 34 | ||
| Laboratory | 34 | ||
| Treatment | 34 | ||
| For bacteraemia | 35 | ||
| Candida Oesophagitis | 35 | ||
| Pathogen | 35 | ||
| Risk factors | 35 | ||
| Clinical | 35 | ||
| Laboratory | 35 | ||
| Treatment | 35 | ||
| For susceptible strains | 35 | ||
| For itraconazole-resistant Candida spp | 36 | ||
| For azole-resistant Candida spp | 36 | ||
| For immunocompromised patients | 36 | ||
| Candida Sepsis | 36 | ||
| Pathogens | 36 | ||
| Risk factors | 36 | ||
| Laboratory | 36 | ||
| Treatment | 36 | ||
| Empirical treatment (to cover fluconazole-resistant spp) | 37 | ||
| For C. albicans and other susceptible strains | 37 | ||
| For fluconazole-resistant Candida spp (e.g. C. krusei, C. glabrata) | 37 | ||
| For neutropenic patients with hepatosplenic candidiasis or eye infection | 37 | ||
| Candida Vaginitis | 37 | ||
| 1. Acute Albicans Vulvovaginal candidiasis | 37 | ||
| Pathogen | 37 | ||
| Clinical | 37 | ||
| Treatment | 37 | ||
| Antifungal intravaginal preparations (choose one of the following) | 37 | ||
| If prefer oral therapy or intolerant of topical therapy | 38 | ||
| Note | 38 | ||
| 2. Non-albicans (atypical) vulvovaginal candidiasis | 38 | ||
| Pathogens | 38 | ||
| Clinical | 38 | ||
| Treatment | 38 | ||
| 3. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis | 39 | ||
| Definition | 39 | ||
| Predisposing factors | 39 | ||
| Treatment | 39 | ||
| Induce symptom remission | 39 | ||
| Maintain remission | 39 | ||
| 4. Antibiotic or HRT-predisposed candidiasis | 39 | ||
| 5. Management of male partners | 39 | ||
| Candidiasis—Oral | 40 | ||
| Pathogens | 40 | ||
| Forms of oral candidiasis | 40 | ||
| Predisposing factors and risk groups | 40 | ||
| Clinical | 40 | ||
| Laboratory | 41 | ||
| Treatment | 41 | ||
| Mild case—use any of the following | 41 | ||
| Severe case, especially in the immunocompromised | 41 | ||
| Candiduria and Candida Cystitis | 41 | ||
| Causes and risk factors | 41 | ||
| Clinical | 42 | ||
| Laboratory | 42 | ||
| Treatment | 42 | ||
| Indication for antifungal therapy | 42 | ||
| Antifungal therapy | 42 | ||
| Patients undergoing urological procedures | 42 | ||
| Patients with Candida pyelonephritis | 42 | ||
| Bladder irrigation (if indicated) | 42 | ||
| For fluconazole-resistant or non-albicans candiduria | 42 | ||
| Cat-Scratch Disease | 42 | ||
| Pathogens | 42 | ||
| Transmission | 43 | ||
| Incubation | 43 | ||
| Clinical | 43 | ||
| Diagnosis | 43 | ||
| Treatment | 43 | ||
| Antifungal therapy | 43 | ||
| For Bartonella endocarditis | 43 | ||
| For infection in AIDS or other immunocompromised patients | 43 | ||
| Cellulitis | 44 | ||
| Pathogens | 44 | ||
| Risk factors | 44 | ||
| Clinical | 44 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 44 | ||
| Treatment | 44 | ||
| Prevention of recurrent severe cellulitis | 45 | ||
| Cervical Lymphadenitis | 46 | ||
| Causes | 46 | ||
| Viral | 46 | ||
| Bacterial | 46 | ||
| Clinical | 46 | ||
| Treatment | 46 | ||
| Mycobacterial lymphadenitis | 47 | ||
| Cervicitis | 47 | ||
| Pathogens | 47 | ||
| Transmission | 47 | ||
| Clinical | 47 | ||
| Laboratory | 47 | ||
| Treatment | 48 | ||
| Empirical treatment—covers both Chlamydia and gonococci | 48 | ||
| Chlamydia infection | 48 | ||
| Gonococcal infection | 48 | ||
| Mycoplasma genitalium infection or no response to above treatment | 48 | ||
| For disseminated gonococcal sepsis | 48 | ||
| Note | 48 | ||
| Chancroid | 49 | ||
| Pathogens | 49 | ||
| Transmission | 49 | ||
| Incubation | 49 | ||
| Clinical | 49 | ||
| Laboratory | 49 | ||
| Compare to chancre | 49 | ||
| Treatment | 49 | ||
| Prevention | 50 | ||
| Chickenpox | 50 | ||
| Pathogens | 50 | ||
| Incubation | 50 | ||
| Clinical | 50 | ||
| Complications | 50 | ||
| Treatment | 50 | ||
| Indications for antiviral therapy (not indicated for normal children) | 50 | ||
| Antiviral therapy | 50 | ||
| Post-exposure prophylaxis | 51 | ||
| Immunisation (if no past history of chickenpox or negative varicella serology) | 51 | ||
| Chikungunya Fever | 51 | ||
| Pathogen | 51 | ||
| Transmission | 51 | ||
| Distribution | 52 | ||
| Incubation | 52 | ||
| Clinical | 52 | ||
| Laboratory | 52 | ||
| Treatment | 52 | ||
| Prevention | 52 | ||
| Chlamydia Conjunctivitis and Trachoma | 52 | ||
| Pathogens | 52 | ||
| Transmission | 52 | ||
| Clinical | 53 | ||
| Laboratory | 53 | ||
| Treatment | 53 | ||
| For conjunctivitis | 53 | ||
| For neonates | 53 | ||
| For trachoma | 53 | ||
| Prevention | 53 | ||
| Chlamydia STI | 53 | ||
| Pathogen | 53 | ||
| Transmission | 54 | ||
| Clinical | 54 | ||
| Chlamydia screening | 54 | ||
| Laboratory | 54 | ||
| Treatment | 54 | ||
| Cholangitis—Ascending | 55 | ||
| Pathogens | 55 | ||
| Clinical | 55 | ||
| Laboratory | 55 | ||
| Treatment | 55 | ||
| Antibiotic therapy | 55 | ||
| Prevention of recurrent cholangitis | 56 | ||
| Cholecystitis | 56 | ||
| Pathogens | 56 | ||
| Clinical | 56 | ||
| Complications | 56 | ||
| Laboratory | 56 | ||
| Treatment | 57 | ||
| Cholera | 57 | ||
| Pathogens | 57 | ||
| Transmission | 58 | ||
| Incubation | 58 | ||
| Clinical | 58 | ||
| Laboratory | 58 | ||
| Treatment | 58 | ||
| Vaccination | 58 | ||
| Cirrhosis and Hepatic Encephalopathy | 59 | ||
| 1. Antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy | 59 | ||
| Prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy | 59 | ||
| 2. Antibiotic prophylaxis in cirrhotic patients with GIT bleeding | 59 | ||
| Indication for prophylaxis | 59 | ||
| Aim of prophylaxis | 59 | ||
| Short-term prophylaxis (to reduce quinolone resistance) | 59 | ||
| Clostridium difficile | 59 | ||
| Pathogens | 59 | ||
| Risk factors | 59 | ||
| Clinical | 60 | ||
| Laboratory | 60 | ||
| Treatment | 60 | ||
| Common Cold | 61 | ||
| Pathogens | 61 | ||
| Transmission | 61 | ||
| Incubation | 61 | ||
| Clinical | 61 | ||
| Complications | 61 | ||
| Treatment of common cold | 61 | ||
| Antibiotics are not indicated for common cold | 62 | ||
| Antibiotics are indicated only for the following conditions | 62 | ||
| Compound Fracture | 62 | ||
| Pathogens | 62 | ||
| Treatment | 62 | ||
| Empirical prophylaxis/early treatment | 62 | ||
| For ‘clean’ open fractures (prophylaxis) | 62 | ||
| For severely soiled or damaged wounds or with soft-tissue infection | 62 | ||
| For water-contaminated wounds | 63 | ||
| Conjunctivitis | 63 | ||
| 1. Viral conjunctivitis | 63 | ||
| Pathogens | 63 | ||
| Clinical | 63 | ||
| D | 76 | ||
| Dacryocystitis | 76 | ||
| Pathogens | 76 | ||
| Clinical | 76 | ||
| Treatment | 76 | ||
| 1. Acute dacryocystitis | 76 | ||
| 2. Chronic dacryocystitis | 76 | ||
| 3. Infantile dacryocystitis | 76 | ||
| Dengue Fever | 77 | ||
| Pathogens | 77 | ||
| Distribution | 77 | ||
| Transmission | 77 | ||
| Incubation | 77 | ||
| Clinical | 77 | ||
| Laboratory | 77 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 78 | ||
| Treatment | 78 | ||
| Prevention | 78 | ||
| Dental Infection | 78 | ||
| Dental infections | 78 | ||
| 1. Dental caries | 78 | ||
| Pathogens | 78 | ||
| Prevention of caries | 78 | ||
| 2. Pulpitis and periapical abscess | 79 | ||
| E | 89 | ||
| Encephalitis—Viral | 89 | ||
| Pathogens | 89 | ||
| 1. Herpesviruses | 89 | ||
| 2. Enteroviruses | 89 | ||
| 3. Arboviruses | 89 | ||
| 4. Other viruses | 89 | ||
| Clinical | 90 | ||
| Some clues suggest specific viral encephalitis | 90 | ||
| Diagnosis | 90 | ||
| Travel | 90 | ||
| Animal exposure | 90 | ||
| Laboratory | 91 | ||
| Treatment | 91 | ||
| 1. HSV encephalitis | 91 | ||
| 2. VZV | 92 | ||
| 3. CMV | 92 | ||
| 4. EBV | 92 | ||
| 5. HHV-6 | 92 | ||
| 6. Enteroviruses (including EV71) | 92 | ||
| Endocarditis—Empirical Therapy | 92 | ||
| Management | 92 | ||
| 1. Native valve endocarditis | 93 | ||
| Empirical therapy | 93 | ||
| 2. Prosthetic valve and pacemaker iead endocarditis | 93 | ||
| Pathogens | 93 | ||
| Management | 93 | ||
| F | 119 | ||
| Flea Bites | 119 | ||
| Pathogens | 119 | ||
| Transmission | 119 | ||
| Clinical | 119 | ||
| Treatment | 119 | ||
| Prevention | 120 | ||
| Folliculitis | 120 | ||
| Pathogens and risk factors | 120 | ||
| Laboratory | 120 | ||
| Treatment | 120 | ||
| Fungal Infection | 121 | ||
| Superficial and cutaneous fungal infection | 121 | ||
| 1. Tinea (skin) | 121 | ||
| 2. Piedra (hair) (exothrix/endothrix) | 121 | ||
| Subcutaneous, systemic and opportunistic fungal infection | 121 | ||
| 1. Dimorphic fungi | 121 | ||
| 2. Yeast-like fungi | 121 | ||
| 3. Mould-like/filamentous fungi | 122 | ||
| 4. Other/unsorted | 122 | ||
| G | 123 | ||
| Gangrene | 123 | ||
| Classification of wet gangrene | 123 | ||
| Necrotising cellulitis | 123 | ||
| Necrotising fasciitis | 123 | ||
| Myonecrosis (gas gangrene) | 123 | ||
| Fournier’s gangrene | 123 | ||
| Pathogens | 123 | ||
| Risk factors | 123 | ||
| Clinical | 124 | ||
| Laboratory | 124 | ||
| Treatment | 124 | ||
| Empirical therapy | 124 | ||
| For clostridial gas gangrene | 124 | ||
| For Streptococcus pyogenes necrotising fasciitis | 124 | ||
| For Staphylococcus aureus necrotising skin or soft-tissue infection | 124 | ||
| H | 139 | ||
| Haemorrhagic Fever—Viral | 139 | ||
| Incubation | 139 | ||
| 1. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) | 139 | ||
| I | 183 | ||
| Impetigo | 183 | ||
| Pathogens | 183 | ||
| Types of impetigo | 183 | ||
| Laboratory | 183 | ||
| Treatment | 183 | ||
| Mild or localised impetigo | 183 | ||
| Widespread or recurrent infections | 183 | ||
| Recurrent impetigo | 184 | ||
| Influenza | 184 | ||
| Pathogens | 184 | ||
| Transmission | 184 | ||
| Incubation | 184 | ||
| Laboratory | 185 | ||
| High-risk groups | 185 | ||
| Treatment | 185 | ||
| Prevention | 185 | ||
| 1. Post-exposure prophylaxis | 185 | ||
| 2. Influenza vaccination—annually before winter | 186 | ||
| National immunisation program | 186 | ||
| Quadrivalent influenza vaccines | 186 | ||
| Isospora belli Gastroenteritis | 187 | ||
| Pathogen | 187 | ||
| Distribution | 187 | ||
| Transmission | 187 | ||
| Incubation | 187 | ||
| Clinical | 187 | ||
| Diagnosis | 187 | ||
| Treatment | 187 | ||
| J | 188 | ||
| Japanese Encephalitis | 188 | ||
| Pathogen | 188 | ||
| Distribution | 188 | ||
| Transmission | 188 | ||
| Clinical | 188 | ||
| Laboratory | 188 | ||
| Treatment | 188 | ||
| Vaccination | 189 | ||
| K | 190 | ||
| Kawasaki Disease | 190 | ||
| Pathogens | 190 | ||
| Clinical | 190 | ||
| Complications | 190 | ||
| Diagnosis | 190 | ||
| Criteria of diagnosis | 190 | ||
| Treatment | 190 | ||
| Prognosis | 191 | ||
| Keratitis | 191 | ||
| Pathogens | 191 | ||
| Risk factors | 191 | ||
| 1. Bacterial keratitis | 191 | ||
| Clinical | 191 | ||
| Laboratory | 191 | ||
| Treatment | 192 | ||
| 2. Herpes simplex keratitis | 192 | ||
| Pathogen | 192 | ||
| Transmission | 192 | ||
| Clinical | 192 | ||
| Diagnosis | 192 | ||
| L | 197 | ||
| Laryngitis and Laryngeal Abscess | 197 | ||
| 1. Acute laryngitis | 197 | ||
| M | 211 | ||
| Malaria—Prophylaxis | 211 | ||
| The ABC of malaria prevention | 211 | ||
| Bite avoidance | 211 | ||
| Chemoprophylaxis | 211 | ||
| Stand-by emergency treatment | 212 | ||
| Malaria—Treatment | 212 | ||
| Pathogens | 212 | ||
| Incubation | 212 | ||
| Clinical | 213 | ||
| Laboratory | 213 | ||
| Treatment | 213 | ||
| 1. Uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria | 213 | ||
| 2. Severe P. falciparum malaria | 214 | ||
| 3. Other forms of malaria | 215 | ||
| Mastitis | 215 | ||
| Pathogen | 215 | ||
| Risk factors | 215 | ||
| Clinical | 216 | ||
| Differential diagnosis | 216 | ||
| Treatment | 216 | ||
| Mild-to-moderate infection | 216 | ||
| Severe infection | 216 | ||
| Measles | 216 | ||
| Pathogen | 216 | ||
| Transmission | 216 | ||
| Incubation | 217 | ||
| People at risk | 217 | ||
| Clinical | 217 | ||
| Complications | 217 | ||
| Diagnosis | 217 | ||
| Treatment | 217 | ||
| Normal human immunoglobulin (NHIG) | 217 | ||
| Vaccination during an outbreak | 218 | ||
| Mediastinitis | 218 | ||
| Causes and pathogens | 218 | ||
| Clinical | 218 | ||
| Diagnosis | 219 | ||
| Treatment | 219 | ||
| N | 247 | ||
| Needle-Stick Injuries and Blood Exposure | 247 | ||
| Type of injuries | 247 | ||
| Pathogens may be exposed | 247 | ||
| Management | 247 | ||
| 1. Hepatitis B | 247 | ||
| General principles | 247 | ||
| 2. Hepatitis C | 248 | ||
| General principles | 248 | ||
| 3. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | 248 | ||
| Investigation | 248 | ||
| Post-exposure prophylaxis | 248 | ||
| 4. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I | 250 | ||
| Neutropenic Sepsis | 250 | ||
| Indication for antibiotic therapy | 250 | ||
| Management | 250 | ||
| Antibiotic therapy | 250 | ||
| Empirical therapy | 250 | ||
| Nocardiosis | 251 | ||
| Pathogens | 251 | ||
| Clinical | 251 | ||
| Diagnosis | 251 | ||
| Treatment | 251 | ||
| Empirical therapy | 251 | ||
| Norovirus | 252 | ||
| Pathogens | 252 | ||
| Transmission | 252 | ||
| Incubation | 253 | ||
| Clinical | 253 | ||
| Laboratory | 253 | ||
| Treatment | 253 | ||
| Prevention | 253 | ||
| O | 254 | ||
| Orf | 254 | ||
| Pathogen | 254 | ||
| Transmission | 254 | ||
| Incubation | 254 | ||
| Clinical | 254 | ||
| Laboratory | 254 | ||
| Treatment | 254 | ||
| Osteomyelitis—Empirical Therapy | 255 | ||
| Pathogens | 255 | ||
| Clinical | 255 | ||
| Diagnosis | 255 | ||
| Treatment | 255 | ||
| Long-bone osteomyelitis and child vertebral osteomyelitis | 255 | ||
| Adult vertebral osteomyelitis | 256 | ||
| Osteomyelitis—Direct Therapy | 256 | ||
| 1. Mssa (methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus) | 256 | ||
| Treatment | 256 | ||
| 2. Mrsa (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) | 257 | ||
| P | 269 | ||
| Pancreatitis—Acute Necrotising | 269 | ||
| Pathogens | 269 | ||
| Diagnosis | 269 | ||
| Treatment | 269 | ||
| Antibiotic treatment | 269 | ||
| Paronychia and Whitlow—Acute | 270 | ||
| Pathogens | 270 | ||
| Clinical | 270 | ||
| Treatment | 270 | ||
| Paronychia—Chronic | 271 | ||
| Pathogens | 271 | ||
| Clinical | 271 | ||
| Treatment | 271 | ||
| Parotitis | 272 | ||
| Pathogen | 272 | ||
| Causes and risk factors | 272 | ||
| Clinical | 272 | ||
| Diagnosis | 272 | ||
| Treatment | 272 | ||
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | 273 | ||
| 1. Sexually acquired PID | 273 | ||
| Pathogens | 273 | ||
| Clinical | 273 | ||
| Laboratory | 273 | ||
| Treatment | 273 | ||
| Mild to moderate infection | 273 | ||
| Severe infection (treat in hospital) | 273 | ||
| 2. Non-sexually acquired PID | 274 | ||
| Pathogens | 274 | ||
| Risk factors | 274 | ||
| Clinical | 274 | ||
| Treatment | 274 | ||
| Mild to moderate infection | 275 | ||
| Severe infection (treat in hospital) | 275 | ||
| 3. Pelvic actinomycosis | 275 | ||
| Perianal Infection | 275 | ||
| 1. Perianal cellulitis | 275 | ||
| Pathogen | 275 | ||
| Laboratory | 275 | ||
| Q | 343 | ||
| Q Fever | 343 | ||
| Pathogen | 343 | ||
| Transmission | 343 | ||
| Incubation | 343 | ||
| Risk factors | 343 | ||
| Clinical features | 343 | ||
| Laboratory | 343 | ||
| Treatment | 343 | ||
| Post-exposure prophylaxis | 344 | ||
| Vaccination | 344 | ||
| R | 345 | ||
| Rabies and Australian Bat Lyssavirus | 345 | ||
| Pathogens | 345 | ||
| Distribution | 345 | ||
| Rabies | 345 | ||
| Australian bat lyssavirus | 345 | ||
| Transmission | 345 | ||
| Incubation | 345 | ||
| Clinical | 345 | ||
| Diagnosis | 346 | ||
| Management | 346 | ||
| 1. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) | 346 | ||
| 2. Post-exposure treatment | 346 | ||
| 3. Post-exposure vaccination | 347 | ||
| Retropharyngeal Abscess | 347 | ||
| Causes | 347 | ||
| Pathogens | 347 | ||
| Clinical | 347 | ||
| Complications | 348 | ||
| S | 356 | ||
| Salmonella Enteritis | 356 | ||
| Pathogen | 356 | ||
| Transmission | 356 | ||
| Incubation | 356 | ||
| Clinical | 356 | ||
| Complications | 356 | ||
| Laboratory | 356 | ||
| Treatment | 356 | ||
| SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) | 357 | ||
| Pathogen | 357 | ||
| Transmission | 357 | ||
| Incubation | 357 | ||
| Clinical | 357 | ||
| Alert case (in the absence of an alternative diagnosis) | 357 | ||
| Diagnosis | 357 | ||
| Management | 358 | ||
| Scabies | 358 | ||
| Pathogen | 358 | ||
| Risk groups | 358 | ||
| Clinical and diagnosis | 358 | ||
| Anti-scabetic treatment | 358 | ||
| Adult or child >6 months and in pregnancy and lactation | 358 | ||
| Child <6 months | 359 | ||
| Immunocompromised patient or if topical therapy fails | 359 | ||
| Note | 359 | ||
| Crusted (Norwegian) scabies | 360 | ||
| Oral ivermectin* | 360 | ||
| Frequent topical scabicide (together with oral ivermectin) | 360 | ||
| Topical keratolytics (to reduce scaling) | 361 | ||
| Note | 361 | ||
| Scarlet Fever | 361 | ||
| Pathogen | 361 | ||
| Incubation | 361 | ||
| Clinical | 361 | ||
| Complications | 361 | ||
| Diagnosis | 362 | ||
| Treatment | 362 | ||
| Sepsis—Empirical Therapy | 362 | ||
| Initial management | 362 | ||
| 1. Empirical therapy for adults | 362 | ||
| Low-dose corticosteroid therapy (optional) | 362 | ||
| Empirical antibiotic therapy | 363 | ||
| 2. Empirical therapy for children | 363 | ||
| Child <2 months | 363 | ||
| Child ≥2 months | 363 | ||
| If not critically ill | 363 | ||
| If Critically ill | 364 | ||
| Sepsis—Biliary or Gi Tract Source | 364 | ||
| Pathogens | 364 | ||
| Antibiotic treatment | 364 | ||
| 1. Biliary source is suspected | 364 | ||
| 2. GI tract source is suspected | 365 | ||
| Sepsis—Female Genital Tract Source | 366 | ||
| Pathogens | 366 | ||
| Antibiotic treatment | 366 | ||
| Sepsis—Intravascular Device Source | 367 | ||
| T | 393 | ||
| Tetanus | 393 | ||
| Pathogen | 393 | ||
| Incubation | 393 | ||
| Clinical | 393 | ||
| Complications | 393 | ||
| Neonatal tetanus | 393 | ||
| Diagnosis | 393 | ||
| Treatment | 393 | ||
| Prophylaxis (see Table 20.1) | 393 | ||
| Antibiotic prophylaxis | 394 | ||
| Tetanus vaccination | 394 | ||
| Thrombophlebitis—Superficial | 395 | ||
| Risk factors | 395 | ||
| Pathogens | 395 | ||
| Complication | 395 | ||
| Treatment | 395 | ||
| Spontaneous superficial thrombophlebitis | 395 | ||
| IV-catheter related superficial thrombophlebitis | 395 | ||
| Tinea | 396 | ||
| Pathogens | 396 | ||
| 1. Tinea corporis and tinea cruris | 396 | ||
| Laboratory | 396 | ||
| Treatment | 396 | ||
| Topical antifungal therapy (for localised tinea) | 396 | ||
| Combination with hydrocortisone | 396 | ||
| Oral antifungal therapy | 396 | ||
| 2. Tinea capitis, kerion and tinea barbae | 397 | ||
| U | 418 | ||
| Ureaplasma | 418 | ||
| Pathogens | 418 | ||
| Transmission | 418 | ||
| Incubation | 418 | ||
| Clinical | 418 | ||
| Diagnosis | 418 | ||
| Treatment | 418 | ||
| Urethritis | 419 | ||
| Pathogens | 419 | ||
| Transmission | 419 | ||
| Clinical | 419 | ||
| Laboratory | 419 | ||
| Treatment | 419 | ||
| Note | 420 | ||
| UTI—Cystitis | 420 | ||
| Pathogens | 420 | ||
| In uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) | 420 | ||
| In complicated UTIs | 420 | ||
| Diagnosis | 421 | ||
| Treatment | 421 | ||
| Antibiotic treatment | 421 | ||
| Urine alkalisation (e.g. Ural) | 421 | ||
| High fluid intake and complete bladder emptying | 421 | ||
| 1. Cystitis in non-pregnant women | 421 | ||
| 2. Cystitis in pregnant women | 422 | ||
| 3. Cystitis in men | 422 | ||
| 4. Cystitis in children | 423 | ||
| Prophylaxis for recurrent UTIs in children | 423 | ||
| 5. Cystitis in elderly people | 424 | ||
| UTI—Acute Pyelonephritis | 424 | ||
| Pathogens | 424 | ||
| Risk factors | 424 | ||
| Laboratory | 425 | ||
| Treatment | 425 | ||
| 1. Mild infection (low-grade fever, no nausea or vomiting) | 425 | ||
| 2. Severe infection (with fever, rigors or vomiting) | 425 | ||
| UTI—Recurrent | 426 | ||
| Clinical | 426 | ||
| Treatment | 426 | ||
| Prophylaxis | 426 | ||
| Indication for prophylaxis | 426 | ||
| Methods of prophylaxis | 426 | ||
| Recurrent UTIs in children | 427 | ||
| UTI—Asymptomatic Bacteriuria | 427 | ||
| Treatment | 428 | ||
| 1. Pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria | 428 | ||
| 2. Patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria before urological procedures (e.g. TURP) | 428 | ||
| Adult | 428 | ||
| Child | 428 | ||
| UTI—Catheter-Associated | 428 | ||
| 1. Asymptomatic patients with urinary catheters | 428 | ||
| 2. Asymptomatic patients with urinary catheters who are high risk (pregnant women, organ transplant recipients, those with neutropenia and prior to urological or pelvic surgery) | 428 | ||
| 3. Symptomatic patients with urinary catheters (fever, rigors, unwell, agitation or confusion in the elderly) | 429 | ||
| Antibiotic treatment | 429 | ||
| Note | 429 | ||
| Prevention | 429 | ||
| For short-term catheters | 429 | ||
| For long-term catheters | 429 | ||
| UTI—Reflux Nephropathy | 430 | ||
| Causes | 430 | ||
| Pathogens | 430 | ||
| Clinical | 430 | ||
| Diagnosis | 430 | ||
| Treatment for recurrent UTIs | 430 | ||
| Prophylaxis | 430 | ||
| General management | 431 | ||
| V | 432 | ||
| Vaginitis | 432 | ||
| W | 437 | ||
| Wart | 437 | ||
| Pathogen | 437 | ||
| Clinical | 437 | ||
| Treatment | 437 | ||
| Wart—Genital | 438 | ||
| Pathogen | 438 | ||
| Transmission | 438 | ||
| Clinical | 438 | ||
| Acetowhitening examination | 438 | ||
| Treatment | 438 | ||
| Prognosis | 439 | ||
| Prevention | 439 | ||
| West Nile Virus | 439 | ||
| Pathogens | 439 | ||
| Distribution | 439 | ||
| Transmission | 439 | ||
| Incubation | 439 | ||
| Clinical | 439 | ||
| Y | 454 | ||
| Yaws | 454 | ||
| Z | 457 | ||
| Zika | 457 | ||
| Pathogen | 457 | ||
| Distribution | 457 | ||
| Transmission | 457 | ||
| Incubation | 457 | ||
| Clinical | 457 | ||
| Laboratory | 457 | ||
| Treatment | 457 | ||
| Prevention | 458 | ||
| Appendix 1 Aminoglycosides initial dosing and level monitoring | 459 | ||
| 1. Aminoglycosides Initial Dose and Further Dose Interval | 459 | ||
| Step 1: Check serum creatinine and calculate creatinine clearance (CrCl) | 459 | ||
| Step 2: Determine initial dose based on age and renal function | 459 | ||
| Step 3: Determine further empirical dosing intervals | 459 | ||
| 2. Aminoglycoside Blood Level Monitoring | 460 | ||
| Once-daily or less frequent dosing monitor (computerised AUC method) | 460 | ||
| For aminoglycoside direct therapy | 460 | ||
| Multiple daily dosing monitor (trough level monitor) | 460 | ||
| For aminoglycoside synergistic treatment (e.g. endocarditis) | 460 | ||
| Appendix 2 Vancomycin loading dose and blood level monitoring | 462 | ||
| 1. Intermittent Infusion | 462 | ||
| 2. Continuous Infusion | 462 | ||
| Appendix 3 National Immunisation Program Schedule | 464 | ||
| Immunisation Program Schedule—Individual Diseases | 465 | ||
| Diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis (DTPa) | 465 | ||
| Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) | 465 | ||
| Hepatitis A (hep A) | 465 | ||
| Hepatitis B (hep B) | 465 | ||
| Human papillomavirus (HPV) | 466 | ||
| Influenza | 466 | ||
| Measles/mumps/rubella (MMR) | 466 | ||
| Meningococcal C (MenCCV) | 466 | ||
| Meningococcal ACWY (4vMenCV) | 466 | ||
| Pneumococcal | 466 | ||
| Poliomyelitis (IPV) | 466 | ||
| Rotavirus | 466 | ||
| Varicella (chickenpox) (VZV) | 466 | ||
| Varicella zoster (herpes zoster) | 466 | ||
| Appendix 4 Vaccines and immunoglobulins | 467 | ||
| Australian Bat Lyssavirus | 467 | ||
| Appendix 5 Travel vaccination | 472 | ||
| Cholera | 472 | ||
| Diphtheria/Tetanus/Pertussis | 472 | ||
| Hepatitis A | 472 | ||
| Hepatitis B | 473 | ||
| Influenza | 473 | ||
| Japanese Encephalitis | 474 | ||
| Measles/Mumps/Rubella | 474 | ||
| Meningococcal Vaccine | 474 | ||
| Pneumococcal Vaccine | 475 | ||
| Poliomyelitis | 475 | ||
| Rabies | 475 | ||
| Rotavirus | 476 | ||
| Tick-Borne Encephalitis | 476 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 476 | ||
| Typhoid | 476 | ||
| Varicella | 477 | ||
| Yellow Fever | 477 | ||
| Appendix 6 Organism susceptibility to antibiotics | 478 | ||
| How to use | 478 | ||
| Appendix 7 School exclusion | 487 | ||
| Appendix 8 Abbreviations | 489 | ||
| Index | 494 | ||
| A | 494 | ||
| B | 497 | ||
| C | 498 | ||
| D | 503 | ||
| E | 504 | ||
| F | 506 | ||
| G | 507 | ||
| H | 508 | ||
| I | 510 | ||
| J | 511 | ||
| K | 511 | ||
| L | 511 | ||
| M | 511 | ||
| N | 513 | ||
| O | 514 | ||
| P | 515 | ||
| Q | 518 | ||
| R | 518 | ||
| S | 518 | ||
| T | 520 | ||
| U | 522 | ||
| V | 522 | ||
| W | 524 | ||
| Y | 524 | ||
| Z | 524 |