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An Oral History of the Palestinian Nakba

An Oral History of the Palestinian Nakba

Doctor Nahla Abdo | Nur Masalha

(2018)

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Abstract

In 2018, Palestinians mark the 70th anniversary of the Nakba, when over 750,000 people were uprooted and forced to flee their homes in the early days of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Even today, the bitterness and trauma of the Nakba remains raw, and it has become the pivotal event both in the shaping of Palestinian identity and in galvanising the resistance to occupation.

Unearthing an unparalleled body of rich oral testimony, An Oral History of the Palestinian Nakba tells the story of this epochal event through the voices of the Palestinians who lived it, uncovering remarkable new insights both into Palestinian experiences of the Nakba and into the wider dynamics of the ongoing conflict. Drawing together Palestinian accounts from 1948 with those of the present day, the book confronts the idea of the Nakba as an event consigned to the past, instead revealing it to be an ongoing process aimed at the erasure of Palestinian memory and history. In the process, each unique and wide-ranging contribution leads the way for new directions in Palestinian scholarship.


Nahla Abdo is professor of sociology at Carleton University, Canada. She has previously worked as a consultant on gender and women’s rights for the United Nations, the European Union, and the Palestinian Ministry for Women’s Affairs. Her previous books include Captive Revolution (2014) and Women in Israel: Gender, Race and Citizenship (Zed 2011).

Nur-eldeen (Nur) Masalha is a Palestinian historian and a member of the Centre for Palestine Studies at SOAS, University of London. He was previously a professor of religion and politics at St Mary's University, and a research fellow at the Institute for Palestine Studies in Washington D.C. His previous books include The Palestine Nakba (Zed 2012) and The Bible and Zionism (Zed 2007).


‘A passionate and ambitious work of politically engaged scholarship that positions itself as an actor in the fight to change the world. This is cultural activism at its best.’
Ahdaf Soueif, author of Cairo: My City, Our Revolution

'An impressive collection and a very significant contribution to the scholarly work on the oral history of the Nakba.'
Ilan Pappé, co-editor of Israel and South Africa: The Many Faces of Apartheid

‘Breathtaking in scope, its compelling essays complicate our understanding of the Nakba, rendering it both more visceral and historically profound. It is an invaluable contribution to oral history, gender studies and the broader genre of genocide studies.’
Sherna Berger Gluck, Director Emerita of the Oral History Program, California State University

‘Moving and acutely observed, this timely and necessary anthology is an indispensable addition for all readers concerned with the Israeli colonisation of Palestine.’
Ronit Lentin, author of Thinking Palestine

‘Reveals the full magnificence of Palestinian responses to Israel’s systematic post-1948 programme of memoricide. Abdo and Masalha are here establishing a new interdisciplinary field, Nakba Studies, in which Palestinians become subjects and agents in their own history.’
John Docker, University of Western Australia

‘A wide-ranging collection by leading oral historians, its moving first person narratives confirm the reparative force of listening to voices which have been silenced in the ongoing colonization of Palestine.’
Lila Abu-Lughod, Columbia University

‘A landmark intervention, this cross-disciplinary book provides innovative analytical frameworks for studying the persistent erasure of Palestine. This insightful and comprehensive work proposes alternative ways of knowing and telling, rearticulating the Nakba as an ongoing process of dispossession.’
Ella Shohat, NYU, and author of On the Arab-Jew, Palestine, and Other Displacements

'Apart from its prestige as an academic work that stays authentic to the voice of the Palestinian people, the book is also home to a simple truth…: “I am Palestinian, and I do not have another land".'
Middle East Monitor


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Title Page iii
Copyright iv
Contents v
Acknowledgments vii
Introduction 1
Part I: Theorizing the Nakba and oral history 5
1. Decolonizing methodology, reclaiming memory: Palestinian oral histories and memories of the Nakba 6
Typology of Palestinian oral histories and memories of the Nakba 11
Rethinking Palestinian collective and social memories 12
Palestinian collective versus shared memories of the Nakba 15
From memory to oral history: oral accounts, people’s voices and living practices 17
Oral histories and memories of the Nakba and Holocaust: Deir Yassin and Yad va-Shem 19
Palestinian oral/aural histories “from below” and archiving people’s voices 21
From memory to history: personal experiences, oral histories and memories of the Nakba 23
Palestinian women’s voices and refugee camp stories 28
Re-membering as a reuniting strategy 30
Indigenous memories and the creation of a Palestine memoryshare project 32
Notes 34
References 34
2. Feminism, indigenousness and settler colonialism: oral history, memory and the Nakba 40
Existing progressive feminisms: a critique 41
Feminism: historical and cultural specificity 42
Doing oral history among the marginalized: between the abstract and universal and the unique and essentialist 43
Feminist analysis of indigeneity and settler colonialism 46
Gender and class among indigenous Palestinians up to the Nakba 47
Women’s agency and resistance 50
The Nakba through indigenous Palestinian voices 52
Land and genocide: the essence for indigenousness and settler colonialism 58
Conclusion: towards an anti-colonial feminism of indigeneity 60
Notes 62
References 63
Part II: Between epistemology and ontology: Nakba embodiment 65
3. What bodies remember: sensory experience as historical counterpoint in the Nakba Archive 66
Displaced pasts 71
Genealogies of labour 76
“Two kilos and a box of songs”: Archive and poetic opacity 78
Dead letters 81
Notes 84
References 86
4. The time of small returns: affect and resistance during the Nakba 88
Accounting for the Nakba 90
Asymmetry and the geography of dispossession 92
Narratives of a moving trail 94
Small returns 97
The affective economy of dispossession 100
Affect and the idioms of collective memory 103
Between fact and memory work: a methodological note 106
Notes 108
References 110
Part III: Archiving the Nakba through Palestinian refugee women’s voices 113
5. Nakba silencing and the challenge of Palestinian oral history 114
Introduction 115
Nakba silencing 116
The challenge of Palestinian oral history 121
Activist oral history, reparative histories 126
Conclusion 129
Notes 130
References 131
6. Shu’fat refugee camp women authenticate an old “Nakba” and frame something “new” while narrating it 136
“Memory in the group”: an “old” logic reassigned as “new” 138
The Nakba genre: memories of memories 140
The persistence of reassigning a societal logic and social framework 142
Discussion: what do Nakba-generation women wish to pass to their children? 147
Those declared vulnerable are in fact resisting 150
Conclusion: demystifying the neutrality of social divisions 152
Notes 154
References 155
7. Gender representation of oral history: Palestinian women narrating the stories of their displacement 159
The living memory of Palestinian women 160
Women’s effectiveness: participation in the economy 164
Elements of strength 169
Conclusion 175
Notes 176
References 180
Part IV: The Nakba and 1948 Palestinians 181
8. The ongoing Nakba: urban Palestinian survival in Haifa 182
The ongoing Nakba 183
Everyday life in Haifa from its residents’ perspective 185
The Israeli military government 195
Conclusion 202
Notes 202
References 206
9. Saffourieh: a continuous tragedy 209
The Nakba of 1948 209
My father’s murder 216
Ongoing dispossession 220
Appendix 226
10. The sons and daughters of Eilaboun 227
The village of Eilaboun 228
When the war reached Eilaboun 228
The fall of Eilaboun 229
The massacre 230
The three-day march to Lebanon 232
In the process of becoming refugees 236
The UN truce supervision observers’ investigation 236
The men in the prisoner of war camps 237
The return 238
After the return 239
The beheaded soldiers 240
Conclusion 242
Notes 243
11. “This is your father’s land”: Palestinian Bedouin women encounter the Nakba in the Naqab 245
Israeli state displacement mechanisms: Bedouin displacement 247
Colonial and counter-colonial indigenous discourses on the Naqab: Bedouin women’s voices 250
Conclusion 258
Notes 260
References 260
Part V: Documenting Nakba narratives from the Gaza Strip and the Shatat 265
12. The young do not forget 266
The past is lived in the present 267
Testimonies of Gazan refugees 267
My personal testimony 272
But the Nakba was not over for us 274
My mother and Palestinian women’s resistance 274
Conclusion 276
Reference 276
13. Gaza remembers: narratives of displacement in Gaza’s oral history 277
Gaza after 1948: memories of Palestine 278
Preserving Palestinian oral history: success and failure 281
Emergence of new narratives 284
Future of oral history 287
Erasure narratives 289
Conclusion 291
Notes 292
References 293
14. “Besieging the cultural siege”: mapping narratives of Nakba through orality and repertoires of resistance 294
Destruction of Palestinian material culture central to Zionist conquest 296
Remembering and archiving the Nakba through orality 298
Cultural production as resistance 306
Notes 307
References 308
About the contributors 311