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Financial and Management Accounting

Financial and Management Accounting

Pauline Weetman

(2015)

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Book Details

Abstract

Financial & Management Accounting

An Introduction  seventh edition

Pauline Weetman      

 

The seventh edition of this well-respected and fully updated text retains all of the features that have contributed to the book’s popularity: focus on the accounting equation, student activities and real-life commentaries throughout each chapter, a clear and accessible writing style, and inclusion of real-world case studies. With a strong emphasis on the Conceptual Framework of the International Accounting Standards Board, Financial & Management Accounting: An Introduction guides students in understanding the ‘why’ and not just the ‘what’ of financial and management accounting.

 

 

Key features: 

  • New case studies containing examples from real-world companies
  • New coverage on fair value throughout
  • New coverage of the Strategic Report and Directors’ Report
  • Fully up-to-date with International Financial Reporting Standards, IFRS
  • Focuses on specific knowledge outcomes, with end-of-chapter self-evaluation
  • Questions are graded according to difficulty to test student understanding
  • Definitions and terminology is fully in-line with the revised IASB Conceptual Framework
  • Experience-driven conversations between two managers are included throughout, providing a practical examination of real life scenarios.

Financial & Management Accounting: An Introduction is aimed at first-level undergraduates on business studies degrees taking introductory financial and management accounting classes; first-level specialist accounting undergraduate students; introductory core accounting for MBA and postgraduate specialist Masters students, focusing on analysis through the accounting equation and a questioning approach to problem solving; and professional courses where accounting is introduced for the first time.  

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Pauline Weetman BA, BSc (Econ), PhD, CA, FRSE, is Professor Emerita of Accounting at the University of Edinburgh, and has extensive experience of teaching at undergraduate and postgraduate level, with previous chairs held at Stirling, Heriot-Watt, Strathclyde and Glasgow Universities. She received the Distinguished Academic Award of the British Accounting Association in 2005.  She has convened the examining board of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland and was formerly Director of Research at ICAS.

 


Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Tittle i
Copyright ii
Contents in brief iii
Contents v
Preface to the seventh edition xvii
Publisher's acknowledgements xxiii
Financial accounting 1
Part 1 A conceptual framework: setting the scene 3
Chapter 1 Who needs accounting? 4
Real World Case 4
Learning outcomes 6
1.1 Introduction 6
1.2 The development of a conceptual framework 7
1.3 The conceptual framework for financial reporting 8
1.4 Types of business entity 9
1.5 Users and their information needs 13
1.6 General purpose or specific purpose financial statements? 18
1.7 Stewards and agents 18
1.8 Who needs financial statements? 19
1.9 Summary 20
Further reading 21
Questions 21
A Test your understanding 21
B Application 22
C Problem solving and evaluation 22
Activities for study groups 23
Notes and references 24
Supplement: introduction to the terminology of business transactions 25
S Test your understanding 26
Chapter 2 A systematic approach to financial reporting: the accounting equation 27
Real World Case 27
Learning outcomes 29
2.1 Introduction 30
2.2 The accounting equation 30
2.3 Defining assets 32
2.4 Examples of assets 33
2.5 Recognition of assets 36
2.6 Measurement of assets 37
2.7 Defining liabilities 38
2.8 Examples of liabilities 39
2.9 Recognition of liabilities 41
2.10 Measurement of liabilities 42
2.11 Defining the ownership interest 42
2.12 Recognition of the ownership interest 43
2.13 Changes in the ownership interest 43
2.14 Assurance for users of financial statements 45
2.15 Summary 46
Further reading 48
Questions 48
A Test your understanding 48
B Application 49
C Problem solving and evaluation 49
Activities for study groups 50
Notes and references 50
Supplement: debit and credit bookkeeping 51
S Test your understanding 53
Chapter 3 Financial statements from the accounting equation 54
Real World Case 54
Learning outcomes 55
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 Who is in charge of the accounting system? 56
3.3 The accounting period 56
3.4 The statement of financial position (balance sheet) 57
3.5 The income statement (profit and loss account) 61
3.6 The statement of cash flows 63
3.7 Usefulness of financial statements 66
3.8 Summary 67
Questions 67
A Test your understanding 67
B Application 68
Activities for study groups 69
Supplement: using the accounting equation to analyse transactions 70
S Test your understanding 76
Chapter 4 Ensuring the quality of financial statements 77
Real World Case 77
Learning outcomes 79
4.1 Introduction 79
4.2 Qualitative characteristics of financial statements 80
4.3 Accounting principles 84
4.4 Applying prudence 87
4.5 Regulation of financial reporting 89
4.6 Reviewing published financial statements 101
4.7 Summary 106
Further reading 107
Questions 107
A Test your understanding 107
B Application 108
C Problem solving and evaluation 108
Activities for study groups 109
Notes and references 109
Part 2 Reporting the transactions of a business 111
Chapter 5 Accounting information for service businesses 112
Real World Case 112
Learning outcomes 114
5.1 Introduction 114
5.2 Analysing transactions using the accounting equation 115
5.3 Illustration of accounting for a service business 118
5.4 A process for summarising the transactions: a spreadsheet 122
5.5 Financial statements as a means of communication 124
5.6 Summary 127
Questions 127
A Test your understanding 127
B Application 128
Supplement: recording transactions in ledger accounts: a service business 129
S Test your understanding 141
Chapter 6 Accounting information for trading businesses 142
Real World Case 142
Learning outcomes 144
6.1 Introduction 144
6.2 Goods purchased for resale 144
6.3 Manufacturing goods for resale 147
6.4 Illustration of accounting for a trading business 150
6.5 A process for summarising the transactions: a spreadsheet 154
6.6 Financial statements of M. Carter, wholesaler 156
6.7 Summary 158
Questions 159
A Test your understanding 159
B Application 160
Supplement: Recording transactions in ledger accounts: a trading business 161
S Test your understanding 168
Part 3 Recognition in financial statements 169
Chapter 7 Published financial statements 170
Real World Case 170
Learning outcomes 173
7.1 Introduction 173
7.2 International influences 174
7.3 Accounting framework 176
7.4 Statement of financial position (balance sheet) 179
7.5 Income statement (profit and loss account) 184
7.6 Statement of cash flows 186
7.7 Group structure of companies 191
7.8 Group financial statements 193
7.9 Small and medium-sized entities (SMEs) 197
7.10 Beyond the annual report 198
7.11 Summary 202
Further reading 202
Useful websites 203
Questions 203
A Test your understanding 203
B Application 204
C Problem solving and evaluation 205
Activities for study groups 205
Notes and references 205
Supplement 7.1: information to be presented on the face of the statement of financial position, as required by IAS 1 206
Supplement 7.2: balance sheet format 1, as prescribed by theCompanies Act 2006 207
Supplement 7.3: information to be presented on the face of the income statement, as required by IAS 1 209
Supplement 7.4: UK Companies Act profit and loss account format1 – list of contents 210
Chapter 8 Non-current (fixed) assets 211
Real World Case 211
Learning outcomes 213
8.1 Introduction 214
8.2 Definitions 214
8.3 Recognition and measurement 217
8.4 Users' needs for information 219
8.5 Information provided in the financial statements 219
8.6 Usefulness of published information 221
8.7 Depreciation: an explanation of its nature 223
8.8 Reporting non-current (fixed) assets and depreciation in financial statements 228
8.9 Summary 236
Further reading 236
Questions 236
A Test your understanding 237
B Application 237
C Problem solving and evaluation 238
Activities for study groups 239
Notes and references 239
Supplement: recording non-current (fixed) assets and depreciation 240
S Test your understanding 249
Chapter 9 Current assets 250
Real World Case 250
Learning outcomes 252
9.1 Introduction 252
9.2 Definitions 253
9.3 The working capital cycle 253
9.4 Recognition and measurement 255
9.5 Users' needs for information 257
9.6 Information provided in the financial statements 258
9.7 Measurement and recording 262
9.8 Inventories (stocks) of raw materials and finished goods 262
9.9 Receivables (debtors) 266
9.10 Prepayments 268
9.11 Revenue recognition 269
9.12 Summary 271
Questions 272
A Test your understanding 272
B Application 273
C Problem solving and evaluation 274
Activities for study groups 275
Notes and references 275
Supplement: bookkeeping entries for (a) bad and doubtful debts; and (b) prepayments 276
S Test your understanding 280
Chapter 10 Current liabilities 281
Real World Case 281
Learning outcomes 283
10.1 Introduction 283
10.2 Definitions 284
10.3 Recognition and measurement 285
10.4 Users' needs for information 286
10.5 Information provided in the financial statements 287
10.6 Measurement and recording 288
10.7 Accruals and the matching concept 290
10.8 Liabilities for taxation 293
10.9 Summary 295
Questions 295
A Test your understanding 296
B Application 296
C Problem solving and evaluation 297
Activities for study groups 297
Notes and references 297
Supplement: bookkeeping entries for accruals 298
S Test your understanding 300
Chapter 11 Provisions and non-current (long-term) liabilities 301
Real World Case 301
Learning outcomes 303
11.1 Introduction 303
11.2 Users' needs for information 304
11.3 Information provided in the financial statements 305
11.4 Provisions 308
11.5 Deferred income 310
11.6 Non-current (long-term) liabilities 312
11.7 Summary 318
Questions 318
A Test your understanding 318
B Application 319
C Problem solving and evaluation 319
Activities for study groups 320
Notes and references 320
Supplement: bookkeeping entries for provisions and deferred income 321
S Test your understanding 322
Chapter 12 Ownership interest 323
Real World Case 323
Learning outcomes 325
12.1 Introduction 325
12.2 Definition and recognition 326
12.3 Presentation of ownership interest 326
12.4 Statement of changes in equity 334
12.5 Users' needs for information 335
12.6 Information provided in the financial statements 336
12.7 Dividends 340
12.8 Issue of further shares on the Stock Exchange 341
12.9 Summary 344
Questions 344
A Test your understanding 344
B Application 345
C Problem solving and evaluation 346
Activities for study groups 347
Notes and references 347
Supplement: A spreadsheet for adjustment to a trial balance at the end of the accounting period 348
S Test your understanding 352
Part 4 Analysis and issues in reporting 353
Chapter 13 Ratio analysis 354
Real World Case 354
Learning outcomes 356
13.1 Introduction 356
13.2 A note on terminology 357
13.3 Systematic approach to ratio analysis 357
13.4 Investors' views on risk and return 365
13.5 Pyramid of ratios 366
13.6 Use and limitations of ratio analysis 368
13.7 Worked example of ratio analysis 369
13.8 Linking ratios to the statement of cash flows 375
13.9 Combining ratios for interpretation 378
13.10 Summary 381
Questions 381
A Test your understanding 381
B Application 382
C Problem solving and evaluation 384
Notes and references 384
Chapter 14 Reporting corporate performance 385
Real World Case 385
Learning outcomes 387
14.1 Introduction 387
14.2 Strategy and performance 388
14.3 Other guidance in analysis 394
14.4 Segmental information 397
14.5 Off-balance sheet finance 402
14.6 Corporate social responsibility 404
14.7 Corporate governance 406
14.8 Meaning of 'fair presentation' and 'true and fair view' 409
14.9 Measurement of value 411
14.10 Risk reporting 414
14.11 Developing issues: how valid is the stakeholder model? 415
14.12 Summary 416
Further reading 417
Questions 418
A Test your understanding 418
B Application 419
C Problem solving and evaluation 419
Activities for study groups 419
Notes and references 420
Chapter 15 Reporting cash flows 421
Real World Case 421
Learning outcomes 422
15.1 Introduction 422
15.2 Cash and cash equivalents 423
15.3 The direct method and the indirect method 423
15.4 Preparing a statement of cash flows: the indirect method 427
15.5 Preparing a statement of cash flows: the direct method 435
15.6 Interpretation of cash flow information 436
15.7 Illustration 437
15.8 Summary 441
Further reading 441
Questions 441
A Test your understanding 442
B Application 442
C Problem solving and evaluation 443
Notes and references 445
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING 447
Part 5 Setting the scene and defining the basic tools of management accounting 449
Chapter 16 Functions of management accounting 450
Real World Case 450
Learning outcomes 452
16.1 Introduction 452
16.2 Meeting the needs of internal users 454
16.3 Management functions 455
16.4 Role of management accounting 460
16.5 Judgements and decisions: case study illustrations 463
16.6 The language of management accounting 468
16.7 Summary 469
Further reading 469
Questions 470
A Test your understanding 470
B Application 470
C Problem solving and evaluation 471
Activities for study groups 474
Notes and references 474
Chapter 17 Classification of costs 475
Real World Case 475
Learning outcomes 477
17.1 Definition of a cost 477
17.2 The need for cost classification 478
17.3 The meaning of 'activity' and 'output' 478
17.4 Variable costs and fixed costs 479
17.5 Direct costs and indirect costs 483
17.6 Product costs and period costs 485
17.7 Cost classification for planning, decision making and control 487
17.8 Cost coding 490
17.9 Cost selection and reporting 491
17.10 Summary 492
Further reading 493
Questions 493
A Test your understanding 493
B Application 494
C Problem solving and evaluation 496
Activities for study groups 496
Chapter 18 Product costs: materials, labour and overheads 498
Real World Case 498
Learning outcomes 500
18.1 Introduction 500
18.2 Accounting for materials costs 502
18.3 Accounting for labour costs 505
18.4 Production overheads: traditional approach 507
18.5 Activity-based costing (ABC) for production overheads 517
18.6 Comparing the traditional approach and ABC 526
18.7 Summary 527
Further reading 528
Questions 528
A Test your understanding 529
B Application 530
C Problem solving and evaluation 531
Activities for study groups 532
Notes and references 532
Part 6 Job costs and stock valuation 533
Chapter 19 Job costing 534
Real World Case 534
Learning outcomes 536
19.1 Introduction 536
19.2 Job-cost records: an illustration 537
19.3 Job costing: applying the accounting equation to transactions 541
19.4 Absorption costing and marginal costing 546
19.5 Moving forward 550
19.6 Summary 551
Questions 552
A Test your understanding 552
B Application 553
C Problem solving and evaluation 555
Activities for study groups 556
Part 7 Decision making 557
Chapter 20 Break-even analysis and short-term decision making 558
Real World Case 558
Learning outcomes 560
20.1 Introduction 560
20.2 Cost behaviour: fixed and variable costs 561
20.3 Break-even analysis 565
20.4 Using break-even analysis 569
20.5 Limitations of break-even analysis 571
20.6 Applications of cost–volume–profit analysis 572
20.7 Cases in short-term decision making 573
20.8 Pricing decisions 578
20.9 Summary 581
Questions 581
A Test your understanding 582
B Application 582
C Problem solving and evaluation 584
Activities for study groups 585
Part 8 Planning and control 587
Chapter 21 Preparing a budget 588
Real World Case 588
Learning outcomes 590
21.1 Introduction 590
21.2 Purpose and nature of a budget system 591
21.3 Administration of the budgetary process 594
21.4 The benefits of budgeting 598
21.5 Behavioural aspects of budgeting 601
21.6 Approaches to budgeting 604
21.7 Practical example – development of a budget 606
21.8 Shorter budget periods 615
21.9 Summary 618
Questions 619
A Test your understanding 619
B Application 620
C Problem solving and evaluation 622
Activities for study groups 625
Chapter 22 Standard costs 626
Real World Case 626
Learning outcomes 627
22.1 Introduction 628
22.2 Purpose of using standard costs 628
22.3 The level of output to be used in setting standards 629
22.4 The control process 630
22.5 Direct materials cost variance 631
22.6 Direct labour cost variance 633
22.7 Variable overhead cost variance 634
22.8 Fixed overhead expenditure variance 635
22.9 Case study: Allerdale Ltd 636
22.10 Investigating variances 641
22.11 Flexible budgets and variance analysis 642
22.12 Case study: Brackendale Ltd 642
22.13 Is variance analysis, based on standard costs, a useful exercise? 646
22.14 A broader view of applications of variance analysis 647
22.15 Summary 648
Questions 649
A Test your understanding 649
B Application 650
C Problem solving and evaluation 652
Activities for study groups 655
Notes and references 655
Chapter 23 Performance evaluation and feedback reporting 656
Real World Case 656
Learning outcomes 659
23.1 Introduction 659
23.2 Preparing performance reports 660
23.3 Performance evaluation 662
23.4 Benchmarking 667
23.5 Non-financial performance measures 668
23.6 The Balanced Scorecard 669
23.7 Management use of performance measurement 672
23.8 Summary 674
Further reading 675
Questions 675
A Test your understanding 675
B Application 676
C Problem solving and evaluation 676
Activities for study groups 678
Part 9 Capital investment appraisal and business strategy 681
Chapter 24 Capital investment appraisal 682
Real World Case 682
Learning outcomes 684
24.1 Purpose of capital investment appraisal 685
24.2 Payback method 687
24.3 Accounting rate of return 689
24.4 Net present value method 691
24.5 Internal rate of return 696
24.6 Mutually exclusive projects 699
24.7 Which methods are used in practice? 701
24.8 Control of investment projects: authorisation and review 702
24.9 Advanced manufacturing technologies 703
24.10 Summary 704
Further reading 705
Questions 705
A Test your understanding 705
B Application 706
C Problem solving and evaluation 707
Activities for study groups 710
Supplement: Table of discount factors 711
Chapter 25 Business strategy and management accounting 713
Real World Case 713
Learning outcomes 714
25.1 Introduction 715
25.2 Strategic management accounting 715
25.3 The just-in-time approach 716
25.4 Value chain analysis 717
25.5 Total quality management and cost of quality 718
25.6 Business process re-engineering 719
25.7 E-business and e-commerce 720
25.8 Summary 723
Further reading 724
Questions 724
A Test your understanding 724
B Application 725
C Problem solving and evaluation 725
Activities for study groups 725
Note and reference 726
Financial accounting terms defined G1
Management accounting terms defined G11
Appendices A1
I Information extracted from annual report of Safe and Sure Group plc, used throughout Financial Accounting A1
II Solutions to numerical and technical questions in Financial Accounting A16
III Solutions to numerical and technical questions in Management Accounting A42
Index I1