BOOK
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, International Edition, 4/e
(2014)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
For junior or senior undergraduate students in Electrical and Electronic Engineering.
This text covers the basics of emerging areas in power electronics and a broad range of topics such as power switching devices, conversion methods, analysis and techniques, and applications. Its unique approach covers the characteristics of semiconductor devices first, then discusses the applications of these devices for power conversions. Four main applications are included: flexible ac transmissions (FACTs), static switches, power supplies, dc drives, and ac drives.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Title | Title | ||
| Contents\r | 5 | ||
| Preface | 17 | ||
| About the Author\r | 23 | ||
| Chapter 1 Introduction\r | 25 | ||
| 1.1 Applications of Power Electronics\r | 26 | ||
| 1.2 History of Power Electronics\r | 28 | ||
| 1.3 Types of Power Electronic Circuits\r | 30 | ||
| 1.4 Design of Power Electronics Equipment\r | 34 | ||
| 1.5 Determining the Root-Mean-Square Values of Waveforms\r | 35 | ||
| 1.6 Peripheral Effects\r | 36 | ||
| 1.7 Characteristics and Specifications of Switches | 39 | ||
| 1.7.1 Ideal Characteristics\r | 39 | ||
| 1.7.2 Characteristics of Practical Devices\r | 40 | ||
| 1.7.3 Switch Specifications\r | 42 | ||
| 1.8 Power Semiconductor Devices\r | 43 | ||
| 1.9 Control Characteristics of Power Devices\r | 49 | ||
| 1.10 Device Choices \r | 49 | ||
| 1.11 Power Modules \r | 53 | ||
| 1.12 Intelligent Modules\r | 53 | ||
| 1.13 Power Electronics Journals and Conferences\r | 55 | ||
| Summary\r | 56 | ||
| References\r | 56 | ||
| Review Questions \r | 57 | ||
| Problems\r | 57 | ||
| PART I Power Diodes and Rectifiers \r | 59 | ||
| Chapter 2 Power Diodes and Switched RLC Circuits\r | 59 | ||
| 2.1 Introduction\r | 60 | ||
| 2.2 Semiconductor Basics\r | 60 | ||
| 2.3 Diode Characteristics\r | 62 | ||
| 2.4 Reverse Recovery Characteristics\r | 65 | ||
| 2.5 Power Diode Types \r | 68 | ||
| 2.5.1 General-Purpose Diodes\r | 68 | ||
| 2.5.2 Fast-Recovery Diodes\r | 69 | ||
| 2.5.3 Schottky Diodes\r | 70 | ||
| 2.6 Silicon Carbide Diodes\r | 70 | ||
| 2.7 Silicon Carbide Schottky Diodes\r | 71 | ||
| 2.8 Spice Diode Model\r | 72 | ||
| 2.9 Series-Connected Diodes\r | 73 | ||
| 2.10 Parallel-Connected Diodes\r | 77 | ||
| 2.11 Diode Switched RC Load \r | 78 | ||
| 2.12 Diode Switched RL Load \r | 80 | ||
| 2.13 Diode Switched LC Load \r | 82 | ||
| 2.14 Diode Switched RLC Load\r | 85 | ||
| 2.15 Frewheeling Diodes with Switched RL Load\r | 89 | ||
| 2.16 Recovery of Trapped Energy with a Diode\r | 92 | ||
| Summary \r | 96 | ||
| References\r | 96 | ||
| Review Questions\r | 97 | ||
| Problems\r | 97 | ||
| Chapter 3 Diode Rectifiers\r | 103 | ||
| 3.1 Introduction | 104 | ||
| 3.2 Performance Parameters\r | 104 | ||
| 3.3 Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifiers \r | 106 | ||
| 3.4 Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier with RL Load\r | 109 | ||
| 3.5 Single-Phase Full-Wave Rectifier with a Highly\rInductive Load \r | 116 | ||
| 3.6 Multiphase Star Rectifiers\r | 118 | ||
| 3.7 Three-Phase Bridge Rectifiers\r | 122 | ||
| 3.8 Three-Phase Bridge Rectifier with RL Load\r | 126 | ||
| 3.9 Three-Phase Rectifier with a Highly Inductive Load\r | 130 | ||
| 3.10 Comparisons of Diode Rectifiers\r | 132 | ||
| 3.11 Rectifier Circuit Design\r | 132 | ||
| 3.12 Output Voltage with LC Filter \r | 144 | ||
| 3.13 Effects of Source and Load Inductances\r | 148 | ||
| 3.14 Practical Considerations for Selecting Inductors and Capacitors\r | 151 | ||
| 3.14.1 AC Film Capacitors\r | 151 | ||
| 3.14.2 Ceramic Capacitors\r | 152 | ||
| 3.14.3 Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors\r | 152 | ||
| 3.14.4 Solid Tantalum Capacitors\r | 153 | ||
| 3.14.5 Supercapacitors \r | 153 | ||
| Summary \r | 153 | ||
| References\r | 153 | ||
| Review Questions\r | 154 | ||
| Problems\r | 154 | ||
| PART II Power Transistors and DC–DC Converters \r | 158 | ||
| Chapter 4 Power Transistors\r | 158 | ||
| 4.1 Introduction\r | 159 | ||
| 4.2 Silicon Carbide Transistors\r | 160 | ||
| 4.3 Power MOSFETs\r | 161 | ||
| 4.3.1 Steady-State Characteristics\r | 164 | ||
| 4.3.2 Switching Characteristics\r | 167 | ||
| 4.3.3 Silicon Carbide MOSFETs\r | 169 | ||
| 4.4 COOLMOS\r | 171 | ||
| 4.5 Junction Field-Effect Transistors (JFETs) \r | 173 | ||
| 4.5.1 Operation and Characteristics of JFETs\r | 173 | ||
| 4.5.2 Silicon Carbide JFET Structures\r | 177 | ||
| 4.6 Bipolar Junction Transistors\r | 180 | ||
| 4.6.1 Steady-State Characteristics\r | 181 | ||
| 4.6.2 Switching Characteristics\r | 185 | ||
| 4.6.3 Switching Limits\r | 192 | ||
| 4.6.4 Silicon Carbide BJTs \r | 193 | ||
| 4.7 IGBTs \r | 194 | ||
| 4.7.1 Silicon Carbide IGBTs\r | 197 | ||
| 4.8 SITs \r | 198 | ||
| 4.9 Comparisons of Transistors\r | 199 | ||
| 4.10 Power Derating of Power Transistors\r | 199 | ||
| 4.11 di/dt and dv/dt Limitations\r | 203 | ||
| 4.12 Series and Parallel Operation\r | 206 | ||
| 4.13 SPICE Models \r | 208 | ||
| 4.13.1 BJT SPICE Model\r | 208 | ||
| 4.13.2 MOSFET SPICE Model \r | 210 | ||
| 4.13.3 IGBT SPICE Model \r | 211 | ||
| 4.14 MOSFET Gate Drive \r | 213 | ||
| 4.15 JFET Gate Drives \r | 215 | ||
| 4.16 BJT Base Drive \r | 216 | ||
| 4.17 Isolation of Gate and Base Drives\r | 221 | ||
| 4.17.1 Pulse Transformers \r | 223 | ||
| 4.17.2 Optocouplers \r | 223 | ||
| 4.18 GATE-DRIVE ICs\r | 224 | ||
| Summary\r | 226 | ||
| References\r | 227 | ||
| Review Questions\r | 230 | ||
| Problems \r | 232 | ||
| Chapter 5 DC–DC Converters \r | 234 | ||
| 5.1 Introduction \r | 235 | ||
| 5.2 Performance Parameters of DC–DC Converters \r | 235 | ||
| 5.5 Principle of Step-Up Operation\r | 246 | ||
| 5.6 Step-Up Converter with a Resistive Load \r | 249 | ||
| 5.7 Frequency Limiting Parameters \r | 251 | ||
| 5.8 Converter Classification \r | 252 | ||
| 5.9 Switching-Mode Regulators \r | 256 | ||
| 5.9.1 Buck Regulators \r | 257 | ||
| 5.9.2 Boost Regulators\r | 261 | ||
| 5.9.3 Buck–Boost Regulators \r | 265 | ||
| 5.9.4 Cúk Regulators \r | 269 | ||
| 5.9.5 Limitations of Single-Stage Conversion \r | 275 | ||
| 5.10 Comparison of Regulators \r | 276 | ||
| 5.11 Multioutput Boost Converter \r | 277 | ||
| 5.12 Diode Rectifier-Fed Boost Converter \r | 280 | ||
| 5.13 Averaging Models of Converters\r | 282 | ||
| 5.14 State–Space Analysis of Regulators\r | 288 | ||
| 5.15 Design Considerations for Input Filter and Converters \r | 292 | ||
| 5.16 Drive IC for Converters \r | 297 | ||
| Summary \r | 299 | ||
| References\r | 301 | ||
| Review Questions \r | 303 | ||
| Problems \r | 303 | ||
| PART III Inverters \r | 306 | ||
| Chapter 6 DC–AC Converters \r | 306 | ||
| 6.1 Introduction \r | 307 | ||
| 6.2 Performance Parameters \r | 307 | ||
| 6.3 Principle of Operation \r | 309 | ||
| 6.4 Single-Phase Bridge Inverters \r | 313 | ||
| 6.5 Three-Phase Inverters \r | 319 | ||
| 6.5.1 180-Degree Conduction \r | 320 | ||
| 6.5.2 120-Degree Conduction \r | 327 | ||
| 6.6 Voltage Control of Single-Phase Inverters \r | 330 | ||
| 6.6.1 Multiple-Pulse-Width Modulation \r | 330 | ||
| 6.6.2 Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation \r | 333 | ||
| 6.6.3 Modified Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation \r | 336 | ||
| 6.6.4 Phase-Displacement Control \r | 339 | ||
| 6.7 Voltage Control of Three-Phase Inverters \r | 340 | ||
| 6.7.1 Sinusoidal PWM \r | 341 | ||
| 6.7.2 60-Degree PWM \r | 344 | ||
| 6.7.3 Third-Harmonic PWM \r | 344 | ||
| 6.7.4 Space Vector Modulation \r | 347 | ||
| 6.7.5 Comparison of PWM Techniques \r | 359 | ||
| 6.8 Harmonic Reductions \r | 359 | ||
| 6.9 Current-Source Inverters \r | 364 | ||
| 6.10 Variable DC-Link Inverter \r | 366 | ||
| 6.11 Boost Inverter \r | 368 | ||
| 6.12 Inverter Circuit Design \r | 373 | ||
| Summary \r | 378 | ||
| References\r | 378 | ||
| Review Questions \r | 380 | ||
| Problems \r | 380 | ||
| Chapter 7 Resonant Pulse Inverters \r | 385 | ||
| 7.1 Introduction \r | 386 | ||
| 7.2 Series Resonant Inverters \r | 386 | ||
| 7.2.1 Series Resonant Inverters with Unidirectional\rSwitches | 387 | ||
| 7.2.2 Series Resonant Inverters with Bidirectional Switches \r | 396 | ||
| 7.3 Frequency Response of Series Resonant Inverters \r | 402 | ||
| 7.3.1 Frequency Response for Series Loaded | 402 | ||
| 7.3.2 Frequency Response for Parallel Loaded\r | 405 | ||
| 7.3.3 Frequency Response for Series–Parallel Loaded \r | 407 | ||
| 7.4 Parallel Resonant Inverters \r | 408 | ||
| 7.5 Voltage Control of Resonant Inverters \r | 412 | ||
| 7.6 Class E Resonant Inverter \r | 414 | ||
| 7.7 Class E Resonant Rectifier\r | 418 | ||
| 7.8 Zero-Current-Switching Resonant Converters \r | 422 | ||
| 7.8.1 L-Type ZCS Resonant Converter \r | 423 | ||
| 7.8.2 M-Type ZCS Resonant Converter\r | 426 | ||
| 7.9 Zero-Voltage-Switching Resonant Converters \r | 426 | ||
| 7.10 Comparisons Between ZCS and ZVS Resonant Converters \r | 430 | ||
| 7.11 Two-Quadrant ZVS Resonant Converters \r | 431 | ||
| 7.12 Resonant DC-Link Inverters \r | 433 | ||
| Summary \r | 437 | ||
| References\r | 438 | ||
| Review Questions \r | 438 | ||
| Problems \r | 439 | ||
| Chapter 8 Multilevel Inverters \r | 441 | ||
| 8.1 Introduction \r | 441 | ||
| 8.2 Multilevel Concept \r | 442 | ||
| 8.3 Types of Multilevel Inverters \r | 444 | ||
| 8.4 Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverter \r | 444 | ||
| 8.4.1 Principle of Operation \r | 445 | ||
| 8.4.2 Features of Diode-Clamped Inverter \r | 446 | ||
| 8.4.3 Improved Diode-Clamped Inverter \r | 448 | ||
| 8.5 Flying-Capacitors Multilevel Inverter\r | 450 | ||
| 8.5.1 Principle of Operation \r | 450 | ||
| 8.5.2 Features of Flying-Capacitors Inverter \r | 452 | ||
| 8.6 Cascaded Multilevel Inverter \r | 453 | ||
| 8.6.1 Principle of Operation \r | 453 | ||
| 8.6.2 Features of Cascaded Inverter \r | 455 | ||
| 8.7 Applications \r | 457 | ||
| 8.7.1 Reactive Power Compensation \r | 457 | ||
| 8.7.2 Back-to-Back lntertie \r | 459 | ||
| 8.7.3 Adjustable Speed Drives \r | 459 | ||
| 8.8 Switching Device Currents\r | 460 | ||
| 8.9 DC-Link Capacitor Voltage Balancing \r | 461 | ||
| 8.10 Features of Multilevel Inverters \r | 462 | ||
| 8.11 Comparisons of Multilevel Converters \r | 463 | ||
| Summary \r | 464 | ||
| References \r | 464 | ||
| Review Questions \r | 465 | ||
| Problems \r | 465 | ||
| PART IV Thyristors and Thyristorized Converters\r | 467 | ||
| Chapter 9 Thyristors \r | 467 | ||
| 9.1 Introduction \r | 467 | ||
| 9.2 Thyristor Characteristics \r | 468 | ||
| 9.3 Two-Transistor Model of Thyristor \r | 471 | ||
| 9.4 Thyristor Turn-On \r | 473 | ||
| 9.5 Thyristor Turn-Off\r | 475 | ||
| 9.6 Thyristor Types \r | 477 | ||
| 9.6.1 Phase-Controlled Thyristors \r | 477 | ||
| 9.6.2 Bidirectional Phase-Controlled Thyristors \r | 478 | ||
| 9.6.3 Fast-Switching Asymmetrical Thyristors \r | 479 | ||
| 9.6.4 Light-Activated Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers \r | 480 | ||
| 9.6.5 Bidirectional Triode Thyristors \r | 480 | ||
| 9.6.6 Reverse-Conducting Thyristors \r | 481 | ||
| 9.6.7 Gate Turn-off Thyristors \r | 481 | ||
| 9.6.8 FET-Controlled Thyristors \r | 486 | ||
| 9.6.9 MTOs \r | 487 | ||
| 9.6.10 ETOs\r | 488 | ||
| 9.6.11 IGCTs \r | 489 | ||
| 9.6.12 MCTs \r | 490 | ||
| 9.6.13 SITHs \r | 493 | ||
| 9.6.14 Comparisons of Thyristors \r | 494 | ||
| 9.7 Series Operation of Thyristors\r | 499 | ||
| 9.8 Parallel Operation of Thyristors \r | 502 | ||
| 9.9 di/dt Protection \r | 503 | ||
| 9.10 dv/dt Protection \r | 504 | ||
| 9.11 SPICE Thyristor Model \r | 506 | ||
| 9.11.1 Thyristor SPICE Model \r | 506 | ||
| 9.11.2 GTO SPICE Model \r | 508 | ||
| 9.11.3 MCT SPICE Model\r | 510 | ||
| 9.11.4 SITH SPICE Model\r | 510 | ||
| 9.12 DIACs \r | 510 | ||
| 9.13 Thyristor Firing Circuits \r | 513 | ||
| 9.14 Unijunction Transistor \r | 516 | ||
| 9.15 Programmable Unijunction Transistor \r | 518 | ||
| Summary \r | 520 | ||
| References \r | 521 | ||
| Review Questions\r | 524 | ||
| Problems \r | 525 | ||
| Chapter 10 Controlled Rectifiers \r | 527 | ||
| 10.1 Introduction \r | 528 | ||
| 10.2 Single-Phase Full Converters \r | 528 | ||
| 10.2.1 Single-Phase Full Converter with RL Load \r | 532 | ||
| 10.3 Single-Phase Dual Converters \r | 535 | ||
| 10.4 Three-Phase Full Converters \r | 538 | ||
| 10.4.1 Three-Phase Full Converter with RL Load \r | 542 | ||
| 10.5 Three-Phase Dual Converters \r | 544 | ||
| 10.6 Pulse-Width-Modulation Control \r | 547 | ||
| 10.6.1 PWM Control \r | 548 | ||
| 10.6.2 Single-Phase Sinusoidal PWM \r | 550 | ||
| 10.6.3 Three-Phase PWM Rectifier \r | 551 | ||
| 10.7 Single-Phase Series Converters \r | 555 | ||
| 10.8 Twelve-Pulse Converters \r | 558 | ||
| 10.9 Design of Converter Circuits \r | 560 | ||
| 10.10 Effects of Load and Source Inductances\r | 566 | ||
| Summary\r | 568 | ||
| References \r | 568 | ||
| Review Questions \r | 570 | ||
| Problems \r | 570 | ||
| Chapter 11 AC Voltage Controllers \r | 576 | ||
| 11.1 Introduction \r | 577 | ||
| 11.2 Performance Parameters of AC Voltage Controllers \r | 578 | ||
| 11.3 Single-Phase Full-Wave Controllers with Resistive\rLoads \r | 579 | ||
| 11.4 Single-Phase Full-Wave Controllers with Inductive Loads \r | 583 | ||
| 11.5 Three-Phase Full-Wave Controllers \r | 587 | ||
| 11.6 Three-Phase Full-Wave Delta-Connected Controllers \r | 592 | ||
| 11.7 Single-Phase Transformer Connection Changers \r | 596 | ||
| 11.8 Cycloconverters \r | 601 | ||
| 11.8.1 Single-Phase Cycloconverters \r | 601 | ||
| 11.8.2 Three-Phase Cycloconverters \r | 604 | ||
| 11.8.3 Reduction of Output Harmonics \r | 605 | ||
| 11.9 AC Voltage Controllers with PWM Control \r | 608 | ||
| Part V Electronics Applications and Protections \r | 626 | ||
| Chapter 12 Flexible AC Transmission Systems\r | 626 | ||
| 12.1 Introduction \r | 627 | ||
| 12.2 Principle of Power Transmission \r | 628 | ||
| 12.3 Principle of Shunt Compensation\r | 630 | ||
| 12.4 Shunt Compensators \r | 632 | ||
| 12.4.1 Thyristor-Controlled Reactor \r | 632 | ||
| 12.4.2 Thyristor-Switched Capacitor \r | 633 | ||
| 12.4.3 Static VAR Compensator \r | 636 | ||
| 12.4.4 Advanced Static VAR Compensator \r | 637 | ||
| 12.5 Principle of Series Compensation \r | 639 | ||
| 12.6 Series Compensators \r | 641 | ||
| 12.6.1 Thyristor-Switched Series Capacitor \r | 641 | ||
| 12.6.2 Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor\r | 643 | ||
| 12.6.3 Forced-Commutation-Controlled Series Capacitor \r | 644 | ||
| 12.6.4 Series Static VAR Compensator \r | 645 | ||
| 12.6.5 Advanced SSVC \r | 645 | ||
| 12.7 Principle of Phase-Angle Compensation \r | 648 | ||
| 12.8 Phase-Angle Compensator \r | 651 | ||
| 12.9 Unified Power Flow Controller \r | 652 | ||
| 12.10 Comparisons of Compensators\r | 653 | ||
| Summary \r | 655 | ||
| References\r | 655 | ||
| Review Questions \r | 656 | ||
| Problems \r | 656 | ||
| Chapter 13 Power Supplies \r | 658 | ||
| 13.1 Introduction \r | 659 | ||
| 13.2 Dc Power Supplies \r | 659 | ||
| 13.2.1 Switched-Mode Dc Power Supplies \r | 660 | ||
| 13.2.2 Flyback Converter \r | 660 | ||
| 13.2.3 Forward Converter\r | 664 | ||
| 13.2.4 Push–Pull Converter \r | 669 | ||
| 13.2.5 Half-Bridge Converter \r | 671 | ||
| 13.2.6 Full-Bridge Converter \r | 674 | ||
| 13.2.7 Resonant Dc Power Supplies \r | 677 | ||
| 13.2.8 Bidirectional Power Supplies \r | 679 | ||
| 13.3 Ac Power Supplies \r | 679 | ||
| 13.3.1 Switched-Mode Ac Power Supplies \r | 681 | ||
| 13.3.2 Resonant Ac Power Supplies \r | 681 | ||
| 13.3.3 Bidirectional Ac Power Supplies\r | 682 | ||
| 13.4 Multistage Conversions \r | 683 | ||
| 13.5 Control Circuits \r | 684 | ||
| 13.6 Magnetic Design Considerations \r | 688 | ||
| 13.6.1 Transformer Design \r | 688 | ||
| 13.6.2 Dc Inductor \r | 692 | ||
| 13.6.3 Magnetic Saturation \r | 693 | ||
| Summary \r | 694 | ||
| References \r | 694 | ||
| Review Questions \r | 695 | ||
| Problems \r | 695 | ||
| Chapter 14 Dc Drives \r | 699 | ||
| 14.1 Introduction \r | 700 | ||
| 14.2 Basic Characteristics of Dc Motors \r | 701 | ||
| 14.2.1 Separately Excited Dc Motor \r | 701 | ||
| 14.2.2 Series-Excited Dc Motor \r | 704 | ||
| 14.2.3 Gear Ratio \r | 706 | ||
| 14.3 Operating Modes \r | 708 | ||
| 14.4 Single-Phase Drives \r | 710 | ||
| 14.4.1 Single-Phase Semiconverter Drives \r | 712 | ||
| 14.4.2 Single-Phase Full-Converter Drives \r | 713 | ||
| 14.4.3 Single-Phase Dual-Converter Drives\r | 714 | ||
| 14.5 Three-Phase Drives \r | 718 | ||
| 14.5.1 Three-Phase Semiconverter Drives \r | 718 | ||
| 14.5.2 Three-Phase Full-Converter Drives\r | 718 | ||
| 14.5.3 Three-Phase Dual-Converter Drives\r | 719 | ||
| 14.6 Dc–Dc Converter Drives \r | 722 | ||
| 14.6.1 Principle of Power Control \r | 722 | ||
| 14.6.2 Principle of Regenerative Brake Control\r | 724 | ||
| 14.6.3 Principle of Rheostatic Brake Control \r | 727 | ||
| 14.6.4 Principle of Combined Regenerative and Rheostatic Brake\rControl | 728 | ||
| 14.6.5 Two- and Four-Quadrant Dc–dc Converter Drives \r | 729 | ||
| 14.6.6 Multiphase Dc–dc Converters \r | 730 | ||
| 14.7 Closed-Loop Control of Dc Drives \r | 733 | ||
| 14.7.1 Open-Loop Transfer Function \r | 733 | ||
| 14.7.2 Open-Loop Transfer Function of Separately Excited Motors \r | 734 | ||
| 14.7.3 Open-Loop Transfer Function of Series Excited Motors\r | 737 | ||
| 14.7.4 Converter Control Models \r | 739 | ||
| 14.7.5 Closed-Loop Transfer Function \r | 741 | ||
| 14.7.6 Closed-Loop Current Control \r | 744 | ||
| 14.7.7 Design of Current Controller \r | 748 | ||
| 14.7.8 Design of Speed Controller \r | 749 | ||
| 14.7.9 Dc–dc Converter-Fed Drive \r | 753 | ||
| 14.7.10 Phase-Locked-Loop Control\r | 754 | ||
| 14.7.11 Microcomputer Control of Dc Drives \r | 756 | ||
| Summary \r | 758 | ||
| References \r | 758 | ||
| Review Questions \r | 759 | ||
| Problems \r | 760 | ||
| Chapter 15 Ac Drives \r | 764 | ||
| 15.1 Introduction \r | 765 | ||
| 15.2 Induction Motor Drives \r | 765 | ||
| 15.2.1 Performance Characteristics \r | 767 | ||
| 15.2.2 Torque–Speed Characteristics \r | 769 | ||
| 15.2.3 Stator Voltage Control \r | 774 | ||
| 15.2.4 Rotor Voltage Control \r | 778 | ||
| 15.2.5 Frequency Control \r | 787 | ||
| 15.2.6 Voltage and Frequency Control \r | 789 | ||
| 15.2.7 Current Control \r | 794 | ||
| 15.2.8 Constant Slip-Speed Control \r | 799 | ||
| 15.2.9 Voltage, Current, and Frequency Control \r | 800 | ||
| 15.3 Closed-Loop Control of Induction Motors \r | 802 | ||
| 15.4 Dimensioning the Control Variables \r | 806 | ||
| 15.5 Vector Controls \r | 808 | ||
| 15.5.1 Basic Principle of Vector Control \r | 808 | ||
| 15.5.2 Direct and Quadrature-Axis Transformation \r | 810 | ||
| 15.5.3 Indirect Vector Control\r | 815 | ||
| 15.5.4 Direct Vector Control\r | 819 | ||
| 15.6 Synchronous Motor Drives \r | 821 | ||
| 15.6.1 Cylindrical Rotor Motors \r | 822 | ||
| 15.6.2 Salient-Pole Motors \r | 825 | ||
| 15.6.3 Reluctance Motors \r | 826 | ||
| 15.6.4 Switched Reluctance Motors \r | 827 | ||
| 15.6.5 Permanent-Magnet Motors \r | 829 | ||
| 15.6.6 Closed-Loop Control of Synchronous Motors \r | 832 | ||
| 15.6.7 Brushless Dc and Ac Motor Drives \r | 834 | ||
| 15.7 Design of Speed Controller for Pmsm Drives \r | 836 | ||
| 15.7.1 System Block Diagram \r | 836 | ||
| 15.7.2 Current Loop \r | 838 | ||
| 15.7.3 Speed Controller \r | 839 | ||
| 15.8 Stepper Motor Control \r | 842 | ||
| 15.8.1 Variable-Reluctance Stepper Motors \r | 842 | ||
| 15.8.2 Permanent-Magnet Stepper Motors \r | 845 | ||
| 15.9 Linear Induction Motors \r | 849 | ||
| 15.10 High-Voltage IC for Motor Drives \r | 852 | ||
| Summary \r | 857 | ||
| References\r | 858 | ||
| Review Questions \r | 859 | ||
| Problems \r | 860 | ||
| Chapter 16 Introduction to Renewable Energy\r | 864 | ||
| 16.1 Introduction \r | 865 | ||
| 16.2 Energy and Power \r | 866 | ||
| 16.3 Renewable Energy Generation System \r | 867 | ||
| 16.3.1 Turbine \r | 868 | ||
| 16.3.2 Thermal Cycle \r | 869 | ||
| 16.4 Solar Energy Systems \r | 871 | ||
| 16.4.1 Solar Energy \r | 871 | ||
| 16.4.2 Photovoltaic \r | 874 | ||
| 16.4.3 Photovoltaic Cells \r | 874 | ||
| 16.4.4 PV Models \r | 875 | ||
| 16.4.5 Photovoltaic Systems \r | 881 | ||
| 16.5 Wind Energy \r | 884 | ||
| 16.5.1 Wind Turbines \r | 884 | ||
| 16.5.2 Turbine Power \r | 885 | ||
| 16.5.3 Speed and Pitch Control \r | 888 | ||
| 16.5.4 Power Curve\r | 889 | ||
| 16.5.5 Wind Energy Systems \r | 890 | ||
| 16.5.6 Doubly Fed Induction Generators \r | 893 | ||
| 16.5.7 Squirrel-Cage Induction Generators \r | 894 | ||
| 16.5.8 Synchronous Generators \r | 895 | ||
| 16.5.9 Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Generators \r | 896 | ||
| 16.5.10 Switched Reluctance Generator \r | 897 | ||
| 16.5.11 Comparisons of the Wind Turbine Power Configurations \r | 897 | ||
| 16.6 Ocean Energy \r | 898 | ||
| 16.6.1 Wave Energy\r | 898 | ||
| 16.6.2 Mechanism of Wave Generation \r | 899 | ||
| 16.6.3 Wave Power \r | 900 | ||
| 16.6.4 Tidal Energy\r | 903 | ||
| 16.6.5 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion \r | 905 | ||
| 16.7 Hydropower Energy \r | 906 | ||
| 16.7.1 Large-Scale Hydropower \r | 906 | ||
| 16.7.2 Small-Scale Hydropower \r | 907 | ||
| 16.8 Fuel Cells \r | 910 | ||
| 16.8.1 Hydrogen Generation and Fuel Cells \r | 911 | ||
| 16.8.2 Types of Fuel Cells \r | 912 | ||
| 16.8.3 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) \r | 913 | ||
| 16.8.4 Direct-Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC) \r | 914 | ||
| 16.8.5 Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC) \r | 916 | ||
| 16.8.6 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC)\r | 917 | ||
| 16.8.7 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC) \r | 918 | ||
| 16.8.8 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) \r | 919 | ||
| 16.8.9 Thermal and Electrical Processes of Fuel Cells \r | 920 | ||
| 16.9 Geothermal Energy \r | 924 | ||
| 16.10 Biomass Energy \r | 924 | ||
| Summary \r | 925 | ||
| References\r | 925 | ||
| Review Questions \r | 926 | ||
| Problems \r | 927 | ||
| Chapter 17 Protections of Devices and Circuits\r | 931 | ||
| 17.1 Introduction \r | 931 | ||
| 17.2 Cooling and Heat Sinks \r | 932 | ||
| 17.3 Thermal Modeling of Power Switching Devices \r | 937 | ||
| 17.3.1 Electrical Equivalent Thermal Model \r | 938 | ||
| 17.3.2 Mathematical Thermal Equivalent Circuit \r | 940 | ||
| 17.3.3 Coupling of Electrical and Thermal Components \r | 941 | ||
| 17.4 Snubber Circuits \r | 943 | ||
| 17.5 Reverse Recovery Transients \r | 944 | ||
| 17.6 Supply- and Load-Side Transients \r | 950 | ||
| 17.7 Voltage Protection by Selenium Diodes and Metaloxide Varistors \r | 953 | ||
| 17.8 Current Protections \r | 955 | ||
| 17.8.1 Fusing \r | 955 | ||
| 17.8.2 Fault Current with Ac Source \r | 958 | ||
| 17.8.3 Fault Current with Dc Source \r | 960 | ||
| 17.9 Electromagnetic Interference \r | 963 | ||
| 17.9.1 Sources of EMI \r | 964 | ||
| 17.9.2 Minimizing EMI Generation \r | 964 | ||
| 17.9.3 EMI Shielding \r | 965 | ||
| 17.9.4 EMI Standards\r | 965 | ||
| Summary \r | 966 | ||
| References \r | 967 | ||
| Review Questions \r | 967 | ||
| Problems \r | 968 | ||
| Appendix A Three-Phase Circuits\r | 971 | ||
| Appendix B Magnetic Circuits \r | 975 | ||
| Appendix C Switching Functions of Converters\r | 983 | ||
| Appendix D DC Transient Analysis \r | 989 | ||
| Appendix E Fourier Analysis \r | 993 | ||
| Appendix F Reference Frame Transformation \r | 996 | ||
| Bibliography \r | 1000 | ||
| Answers to Selected Problems \r | 1003 | ||
| Index \r | 1014 | ||
| A | 1014 | ||
| B | 1014 | ||
| C | 1014 | ||
| D | 1016 | ||
| F | 1016 | ||
| G | 1017 | ||
| H | 1017 | ||
| I | 1017 | ||
| J | 1018 | ||
| L | 1018 | ||
| M | 1018 | ||
| O | 1018 | ||
| P | 1018 | ||
| Q | 1019 | ||
| R | 1019 | ||
| S | 1020 | ||
| T | 1020 | ||
| U | 1021 | ||
| V | 1022 | ||
| W | 1022 | ||
| Z | 1022 |