Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
For non-electrical engineering majors taking the introduction to electrical engineering course.
Electrical Engineering: Concepts and Applications is the result of a multi-disciplinary effort at Michigan Technological University to create a new curriculum that is attractive, motivational, and relevant to students by creating many application-based problems; and provide the optimal level of both range and depth of coverage of EE topics in a curriculum package.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Contents | 7 | ||
| Preface | 17 | ||
| Acknowledgements | 19 | ||
| Chapter 1 Why Electrical Engineering? | 23 | ||
| 1.1 Introduction | 23 | ||
| 1.2 Electrical Engineering and a Successful Career | 24 | ||
| 1.3 What Do You Need to Know about EE? | 24 | ||
| 1.4 Real Career Success Stories | 25 | ||
| 1.5 Typical Situations Encountered on the Job | 26 | ||
| 1.5.1 On-the-Job Situation 1: Active Structural Control | 26 | ||
| 1.5.2 On-the-Job Situation 2: Chemical Process Control | 28 | ||
| 1.5.3 On-the-Job Situation 3: Performance of an Off-Road Vehicle Prototype | 30 | ||
| Further Reading | 34 | ||
| Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Electric Circuits | 35 | ||
| 2.1 Introduction | 35 | ||
| 2.2 Charge and Current | 37 | ||
| 2.3 Voltage | 39 | ||
| 2.4 Respective Direction of Voltage and Current | 40 | ||
| 2.5 Kirchhoff’s Current Law | 40 | ||
| 2.6 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law | 44 | ||
| 2.7 Ohm’s Law and Resistors | 49 | ||
| 2.7.1 Resistivity of a Resistor | 51 | ||
| 2.7.2 Nonlinear Resistors | 54 | ||
| 2.7.3 Time-Varying Resistors | 54 | ||
| 2.8 Power and Energy | 54 | ||
| 2.8.1 Resistor-Consumed Power | 58 | ||
| 2.9 Independent and Dependent Sources | 60 | ||
| 2.10 Analysis of Circuits Using PSpice | 64 | ||
| Bias Point Analysis | 67 | ||
| Time Domain (Transient) Analysis | 68 | ||
| Copy the Simulation Plot to the Clipboard to Submit Electronically | 69 | ||
| 2.11 What Did You Learn? | 75 | ||
| Problems | 76 | ||
| Chapter 3 Resistive Circuits | 83 | ||
| 3.1 Introduction | 83 | ||
| 3.2 Resistors in Parallel and Series and Equivalent Resistance | 84 | ||
| 3.3 Voltage and Current Division/Divider Rules | 93 | ||
| 3.3.1 Voltage Division | 93 | ||
| 3.3.2 Current Division | 96 | ||
| 3.4 Nodal and Mesh Analysis | 103 | ||
| 3.4.1 Nodal Analysis | 103 | ||
| 3.4.2 Mesh Analysis | 110 | ||
| 3.5 Special Conditions: Super Node | 114 | ||
| 3.6 Thévenin/Norton Equivalent Circuits | 121 | ||
| 3.6.1 Source Transformation | 130 | ||
| 3.7 Superposition Principle | 134 | ||
| 3.8 Maximum Power Transfer | 140 | ||
| 3.9 Analysis of Circuits Using PSpice | 144 | ||
| 3.10 What Did You Learn? | 147 | ||
| Problems | 148 | ||
| Chapter 4 Capacitance and Inductance | 157 | ||
| 4.1 Introduction | 157 | ||
| 4.2 Capacitors | 158 | ||
| 4.2.1 The Relationship Between Charge, Voltage, and Current | 160 | ||
| 4.2.2 Power | 162 | ||
| 4.2.3 Energy | 162 | ||
| 4.3 Capacitors in Series and Parallel | 163 | ||
| 4.3.1 Series Capacitors | 163 | ||
| 4.3.2 Parallel Capacitance | 164 | ||
| 4.4 Inductors | 169 | ||
| 4.4.1 The Relationship Between Voltage and Current | 169 | ||
| 4.4.2 Power and Stored Energy | 170 | ||
| 4.5 Inductors in Series and Parallel | 171 | ||
| 4.5.1 Inductors in Series | 172 | ||
| 4.5.2 Inductors in Parallel | 172 | ||
| 4.6 Applications of Capacitors and Inductors | 174 | ||
| 4.6.1 Fuel Sensors | 174 | ||
| 4.6.2 Vibration Sensors | 175 | ||
| 4.7 Analysis of Capacitive and Inductive Circuits Using PSpice | 178 | ||
| 4.8 What Did You Learn? | 180 | ||
| Problems | 181 | ||
| Chapter 5 Transient Analysis | 186 | ||
| 5.1 Introduction | 186 | ||
| 5.2 First-Order Circuits | 187 | ||
| 5.2.1 RC Circuits | 187 | ||
| 5.2.2 RL Circuits | 201 | ||
| 5.3 DC Steady State | 208 | ||
| 5.4 DC Steady State for Capacitive–Inductive Circuits | 210 | ||
| 5.5 Second-Order Circuits | 211 | ||
| 5.5.1 Series RLC Circuits with a DC Voltage Source | 211 | ||
| 5.5.2 Parallel RLC Circuits with a DC Voltage Source | 218 | ||
| 5.6 Transient Analysis with Sinusoid Forcing Functions | 220 | ||
| 5.7 Using PSpice to Investigate the Transient Behavior of RL and RC Circuits | 223 | ||
| 5.8 What Did You Learn? | 229 | ||
| Problems | 230 | ||
| Chapter 6 Steady-State AC Analysis | 237 | ||
| 6.1 Introduction: Sinusoidal Voltages and Currents | 237 | ||
| 6.1.1 Root-Mean-Square (rms) Values (Effective Values) | 242 | ||
| 6.1.2 Instantaneous and Average Power | 243 | ||
| 6.2 Phasors | 244 | ||
| 6.2.1 Phasors in Additive or (Subtractive) Sinusoids | 246 | ||
| 6.3 Complex Impedances | 247 | ||
| 6.3.1 The Impedance of a Resistor | 247 | ||
| 6.3.2 The Impedance of an Inductor | 247 | ||
| 6.3.3 The Impedance of a Capacitor | 248 | ||
| 6.3.4 Series Connection of Impedances | 250 | ||
| 6.3.5 Parallel Connection of Impedances | 251 | ||
| 6.4 Steady-State Circuit Analysis Using Phasors | 253 | ||
| 6.5 Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits with Phasors | 261 | ||
| 6.5.1 Thévenin Equivalent Circuits with Phasors | 261 | ||
| 6.5.2 Norton Equivalent Circuits with Phasors | 262 | ||
| 6.6 AC Steady-State Power | 265 | ||
| 6.6.1 Average Power | 267 | ||
| 6.6.2 Power Factor | 268 | ||
| 6.6.3 Reactive Power | 268 | ||
| 6.6.4 Complex Power | 269 | ||
| 6.6.5 Apparent Power | 271 | ||
| 6.6.6 Maximum Average Power Transfer | 274 | ||
| 6.6.7 Power Factor Correction | 276 | ||
| 6.7 Steady-State Circuit Analysis Using PSpice | 281 | ||
| 6.8 What Did You Learn? | 287 | ||
| Problems | 289 | ||
| Chapter 7 Frequency Analysis | 296 | ||
| 7.1 Introduction | 296 | ||
| 7.2 First-Order Filters | 297 | ||
| 7.2.1 Transfer Functions | 297 | ||
| 7.3 Low-Pass Filters | 298 | ||
| 7.3.1 Magnitude and Phase Plots | 302 | ||
| 7.3.2 Decibels | 302 | ||
| 7.3.3 Bode Plot | 304 | ||
| 7.4 High-Pass Filters | 307 | ||
| 7.4.1 Cascaded Networks | 309 | ||
| 7.5 Second-Order Filters | 311 | ||
| 7.5.1 Band-Pass Filters | 311 | ||
| 7.5.2 Band-Stop Filters | 313 | ||
| 7.6 MATLAB Applications | 315 | ||
| 7.7 Frequency Response Analysis Using PSpice | 322 | ||
| 7.8 What Did You Learn? | 331 | ||
| Problems | 332 | ||
| Chapter 8 Electronic Circuits | 338 | ||
| 8.1 Introduction | 338 | ||
| 8.2 P-Type and N-Type Semiconductors | 339 | ||
| 8.3 Diodes | 341 | ||
| 8.3.1 Diode Applications | 345 | ||
| 8.3.2 Different Types of Diodes | 351 | ||
| 8.3.3 AC-to-DC Converter | 357 | ||
| 8.4 Transistors | 360 | ||
| 8.4.1 Bipolar Junction Transistor | 360 | ||
| 8.4.2 Transistor as an Amplifier | 361 | ||
| 8.4.3 Transistors as Switches | 378 | ||
| 8.4.4 Field-Effect Transistors | 379 | ||
| 8.4.5 Design of NOT Gates Using NMOS Only for High-Density Integration | 389 | ||
| 8.4.6 Design of a Logic Gate Using CMOS | 391 | ||
| 8.5 Operational Amplifiers | 393 | ||
| 8.6 Using PSpice to Study Diodes and Transistors | 399 | ||
| 8.7 What Did You Learn? | 407 | ||
| Further Reading | 407 | ||
| Problems | 408 | ||
| Chapter 9 Power Systems and Transmission Lines | 417 | ||
| 9.1 Introduction | 417 | ||
| 9.2 Three-Phase Systems | 418 | ||
| 9.2.1 Introduction | 418 | ||
| 9.2.2 Phase Sequence | 420 | ||
| 9.2.3 Y-Connected Generators | 420 | ||
| 9.2.4 Y-Connected Loads | 420 | ||
| 9.2.5 ∆-Connected Loads | 423 | ||
| 9.2.6 ∆-Star and Star-∆ Transformations | 426 | ||
| 9.2.7 Power in Three-Phase Systems | 428 | ||
| 9.2.8 Comparison of Star and ∆ Load Connections | 433 | ||
| 9.2.9 Advantages of Three-Phase Systems | 433 | ||
| 9.3 Transmission Lines | 434 | ||
| 9.3.1 Introduction | 434 | ||
| 9.3.2 Resistance (R) | 436 | ||
| 9.3.3 Different Types of Conductors | 437 | ||
| 9.3.4 Inductance (L) | 438 | ||
| 9.3.5 Capacitance | 443 | ||
| 9.3.6 Transmission Line Equivalent Circuits | 446 | ||
| 9.4 Using PSpice to Study Three-Phase Systems | 454 | ||
| 9.5 What Did You Learn? | 457 | ||
| Further Reading | 457 | ||
| Problems | 458 | ||
| Chapter 10 Fundamentals of Logic Circuits | 462 | ||
| 10.1 Introduction | 462 | ||
| 10.2 Number Systems | 464 | ||
| 10.2.1 Binary Numbers | 464 | ||
| 10.2.2 Hexadecimal Numbers | 471 | ||
| 10.2.3 Octal Numbers | 472 | ||
| 10.3 Boolean Algebra | 473 | ||
| 10.3.1 Boolean Inversion | 473 | ||
| 10.3.2 Boolean AND Operation | 473 | ||
| 10.3.3 Boolean OR Operation | 474 | ||
| 10.3.4 Boolean NAND Operation | 474 | ||
| 10.3.5 Boolean NOR Operation | 474 | ||
| 10.3.6 Boolean XOR Operation | 474 | ||
| 10.3.7 Summary of Boolean Operations | 474 | ||
| 10.3.8 Rules Used in Boolean Algebra | 474 | ||
| 10.3.9 De Morgan’s Theorems | 475 | ||
| 10.3.10 Commutativity Rule | 476 | ||
| 10.3.11 Associativity Rule | 476 | ||
| 10.3.12 Distributivity Rule | 476 | ||
| 10.4 Basic Logic Gates | 481 | ||
| 10.4.1 The NOT Gate | 481 | ||
| 10.4.2 The AND Gate | 481 | ||
| 10.4.3 The OR Gate | 482 | ||
| 10.4.4 The NAND Gate | 482 | ||
| 10.4.5 The NOR Gate | 482 | ||
| 10.4.6 The XOR Gate | 485 | ||
| 10.4.7 The XNOR Gate | 485 | ||
| 10.5 Sequential Logic Circuits | 488 | ||
| 10.5.1 Flip-Flops | 488 | ||
| 10.5.2 Counter | 492 | ||
| 10.6 Using PSpice to Analyze Digital Logic Circuits | 496 | ||
| 10.7 What Did You Learn? | 503 | ||
| Reference | 504 | ||
| Problems | 505 | ||
| Chapter 11 Computer-Based Instrumentation Systems | 510 | ||
| 11.1 Introduction | 510 | ||
| 11.2 Sensors | 511 | ||
| 11.2.1 Pressure Sensors | 512 | ||
| 11.2.2 Temperature Sensors | 513 | ||
| 11.2.3 Accelerometers | 519 | ||
| 11.2.4 Strain-Gauges/Load Cells | 520 | ||
| 11.2.5 Acoustic Sensors | 522 | ||
| 11.2.6 Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDT) | 525 | ||
| 11.3 Signal Conditioning | 527 | ||
| 11.3.1 Amplifiers | 527 | ||
| 11.3.2 Active Filters | 527 | ||
| 11.4 Data Acquisition | 533 | ||
| 11.4.1 Analog Multiplexer | 533 | ||
| 11.4.2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion | 533 | ||
| 11.5 Grounding Issues | 536 | ||
| 11.5.1 Ground Loops | 536 | ||
| 11.6 Using PSpice to Demonstrate a Computer-Based Instrument | 538 | ||
| 11.7 What Did You Learn? | 541 | ||
| Further Reading | 541 | ||
| Problems | 541 | ||
| Chapter 12 Principles of Electromechanics | 546 | ||
| 12.1 Introduction | 546 | ||
| 12.2 Magnetic Fields | 547 | ||
| 12.2.1 Magnetic Flux and Flux Intensity | 548 | ||
| 12.2.2 Magnetic Field Intensity | 549 | ||
| 12.2.3 The Right-Hand Rule | 549 | ||
| 12.2.4 Forces on Charges by Magnetic Fields | 550 | ||
| 12.2.5 Forces on Current-Carrying Wires | 550 | ||
| 12.2.6 Flux Linkages | 552 | ||
| 12.2.7 Faraday’s Law and Lenz’s Law | 552 | ||
| 12.3 Magnetic Circuits | 552 | ||
| 12.3.1 Magnetomotive Force | 553 | ||
| 12.3.2 Reluctance | 554 | ||
| 12.4 Mutual Inductance and Transformers | 560 | ||
| 12.4.1 Mutual Inductance | 561 | ||
| 12.4.2 Transformers | 564 | ||
| 12.5 Different Types of Transformers | 569 | ||
| 12.6 Using PSpice to Simulate Mutual Inductance and Transformers | 569 | ||
| 12.7 What Did You Learn? | 574 | ||
| Problems | 574 | ||
| Chapter 13 Electric Machines | 579 | ||
| 13.1 Introduction | 579 | ||
| 13.1.1 Features of Electric Machines | 580 | ||
| 13.1.2 Classification of Motors | 580 | ||
| 13.2 DC Motors | 581 | ||
| 13.2.1 Principle of Operation | 581 | ||
| 13.2.2 Assembly of a Typical DC Motor | 581 | ||
| 13.2.3 Operation of a DC Motor | 582 | ||
| 13.2.4 Losses in DC Machines | 583 | ||
| 13.3 Different Types of DC Motors | 585 | ||
| 13.3.1 Analysis of a DC Motor | 585 | ||
| 13.3.2 Shunt-Connected DC Motor | 588 | ||
| 13.3.3 Separately Excited DC Motors | 589 | ||
| 13.3.4 Permanent Magnet (PM) DC Motor | 590 | ||
| 13.3.5 Series-Connected DC Motor | 593 | ||
| 13.3.6 Summary of DC Motors | 595 | ||
| 13.4 Speed Control Methods | 595 | ||
| 13.4.1 Speed Control by Varying the Field Current | 595 | ||
| 13.4.2 Speed Control by Varying the Armature Current | 597 | ||
| 13.5 DC Generators | 598 | ||
| 13.5.1 The Architecture and Principle of Operation of a DC Generator | 598 | ||
| 13.5.2 emf Equation | 599 | ||
| 13.6 Different Types of DC Generators | 600 | ||
| 13.6.1 Load Regulation Characteristics of DC Generators | 600 | ||
| 13.6.2 Separately Excited DC Generator | 601 | ||
| 13.6.3 Shunt-Connected DC Generator | 602 | ||
| 13.7 AC Motors | 602 | ||
| 13.7.1 Three-Phase Synchronous Motors | 603 | ||
| 13.7.2 Three-Phase Induction Motor | 606 | ||
| 13.7.3 Losses in AC Machines | 613 | ||
| 13.7.4 Power Flow Diagram for an AC Motor | 613 | ||
| 13.8 AC Generators | 614 | ||
| 13.8.1 Construction and Working | 615 | ||
| 13.8.2 Winding Terminologies for the Alternator | 615 | ||
| 13.8.3 The emf Equation of an Alternator | 617 | ||
| 13.9 Special Types of Motors | 619 | ||
| 13.9.1 Single-Phase Induction Motors | 619 | ||
| 13.9.2 Stepper Motors | 619 | ||
| 13.9.3 Brushless DC Motors | 621 | ||
| 13.9.4 Universal Motors | 622 | ||
| 13.10 How is the Most Suitable Motor Selected? | 624 | ||
| 13.11 Setup of a Simple DC Motor Circuit Using PSpice | 625 | ||
| 13.12 What Did You Learn? | 632 | ||
| Further Reading | 633 | ||
| Problems | 633 | ||
| Chapter 14 Electrical Measurement Instruments | 637 | ||
| 14.1 Introduction | 637 | ||
| 14.2 Measurement Errors | 638 | ||
| 14.3 Basic Measurement Instruments | 641 | ||
| 14.3.1 An Ammeter Built Using a Galvanometer | 641 | ||
| 14.3.2 A Voltmeter Built Using a Galvanometer | 642 | ||
| 14.3.3 An Ohmmeter Built Using a Galvanometer | 643 | ||
| 14.3.4 Multi-Meters | 643 | ||
| 14.4 Time Domain and Frequency Domain | 647 | ||
| 14.4.1 The Time Domain | 647 | ||
| 14.4.2 The Frequency Domain | 648 | ||
| 14.4.3 Time Domain Versus Frequency Domain | 649 | ||
| 14.5 The Oscilloscope | 650 | ||
| 14.6 The Spectrum Analyzer | 655 | ||
| 14.6.1 Adjusting the Spectrum Analyzer’s Display Window | 655 | ||
| 14.7 The Function Generator | 661 | ||
| 14.8 What Did You Learn? | 662 | ||
| Problems | 663 | ||
| Chapter 15 Electrical Safety | 668 | ||
| 15.1 Introduction | 668 | ||
| 15.2 Electric Shock | 668 | ||
| 15.2.1 Shock Effects | 669 | ||
| 15.2.2 Shock Prevention | 671 | ||
| 15.3 Electromagnetic Hazards | 671 | ||
| 15.3.1 High-Frequency Hazards | 671 | ||
| 15.3.2 Low-Frequency Hazards | 673 | ||
| 15.3.3 Avoiding Radio Frequency Hazards | 677 | ||
| 15.4 Arcs and Explosions | 677 | ||
| 15.4.1 Arcs | 677 | ||
| 15.4.2 Blasts | 679 | ||
| 15.4.3 Explosion Prevention | 679 | ||
| 15.5 The National Electric Code | 680 | ||
| 15.5.1 Shock Prevention | 680 | ||
| 15.5.2 Fire Prevention | 685 | ||
| 15.6 What Did You Learn? | 687 | ||
| References | 688 | ||
| Problems | 688 | ||
| Appendix A: Solving Linear Equations | 693 | ||
| Appendix B: Laplace Transform | 695 | ||
| Appendix C: Complex Numbers | 699 | ||
| Selected Solutions | 705 | ||
| Index | 709 | ||
| A | 709 | ||
| B | 709 | ||
| C | 709 | ||
| D | 710 | ||
| E | 710 | ||
| F | 710 | ||
| G | 710 | ||
| H | 711 | ||
| I | 711 | ||
| J | 711 | ||
| K | 711 | ||
| L | 711 | ||
| M | 711 | ||
| N | 712 | ||
| O | 712 | ||
| P | 712 | ||
| Q | 712 | ||
| R | 712 | ||
| S | 713 | ||
| T | 713 | ||
| U | 714 | ||
| V | 714 | ||
| W | 714 | ||
| X | 714 | ||
| Y | 714 | ||
| Z | 714 |