BOOK
Hydrological Design of Multipurpose Micro-catchment Rainwater Management
(2018)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Rainwater as a resource has been underrated due to scientific misunderstandings about its quality, the lack of hydrologic design tools for small catchments, such as roofs, the preference for large infrastructures, and the small number of successful cases reported. This book summarizes 17 years of scientific research, operational monitoring, and practical demonstration projects made at Seoul National University Rainwater Research Center.
A new paradigm of rainwater is proposed, which is to collect rainwater and use it, instead of draining it. Based on conventional hydrology and methodology, a hydrologic modelling method for micro-catchment is suggested. By incorporating several controllable measures into the design, the system can solve several water-related problems such as flooding, water conservation, emergency water storage, and groundwater recharge.
Now is the time to adapt. Many good examples are reported from around the world, including South Korea. Fifty-nine South Korean cities have announced regulations and commitment to become ‘Rain Cities’ by offering financial incentives to rainwater management systems or subsidizing them.
This book is written to give hope to those who seek to transform their community from a ‘Drain City’ to a ‘Rain City’. It has been prepared to clear the ambiguity about rainwater management and transform the experts as well as the citizens to become active proponents of rainwater. This book can be a guide to transform the world into Rain Cities, and become a viable solution toward Sustainable Development Goal Number 6.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cover | Cover | ||
| Contents | v | ||
| About the authors | ix | ||
| Preface from the chief author | xi | ||
| RAINWATER AND ME | xi | ||
| RESISTANCE | xii | ||
| ADAPTATION | xiii | ||
| TRANSFORMATION | xiv | ||
| BOOK CONTENTS | xiv | ||
| THANK YOU NOTE | xv | ||
| Chapter 1: A new paradigm of rainwater management | 1 | ||
| 1.1 RAINWATER: DRAIN OR COLLECT? | 1 | ||
| 1.1.1 Cities draining rainwater | 2 | ||
| Q1: Is acid rain safe? | 2 | ||
| Q2: Is rainwater clean? | 3 | ||
| Q3: Is rainwater safe to drink? | 3 | ||
| 1.1.2 A new paradigm of rainwater management | 4 | ||
| 1.2 CHALLENGES OF DRAIN CITY | 4 | ||
| 1.3 RAIN CITY AS A SOLUTION | 7 | ||
| 1.4 FROM DRAIN CITY TO RAIN CITY | 11 | ||
| 1.5 SUMMARY | 13 | ||
| Chapter 2: Modeling of micro-catchment hydrology | 15 | ||
| 2.1 INTRODUCTION | 15 | ||
| 2.2 COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL HYDROLOGY AND MICRO-CATCHMENT HYDROLOGY | 17 | ||
| 2.3 REVIEW OF CONVENTIONAL HYDROLOGY | 19 | ||
| 2.3.1 Rainfall modeling (i) | 19 | ||
| 2.3.1.1 Uniform distribution | 19 | ||
| 2.3.1.2 Alternating block method | 20 | ||
| 2.3.1.3 Chicago method | 21 | ||
| 2.3.1.4 Yen and Chow method | 22 | ||
| 2.3.1.5 Huff method | 22 | ||
| 2.3.2 Runoff modeling (Q) | 24 | ||
| 2.3.2.1 Rational method | 25 | ||
| 2.3.2.2 Unit hydrograph method | 25 | ||
| 2.3.2.3 Time-area method | 26 | ||
| 2.3.2.4 Comparing applicable area range of runoff models | 27 | ||
| 2.3.3 Discharge modeling (D) | 28 | ||
| 2.3.4 Verification from field data | 28 | ||
| 2.4 CONSIDERATIONS FOR MICRO-CATCHMENT HYDROLOGY MODELING | 29 | ||
| 2.4.1 Rainfall modeling (i) | 29 | ||
| 2.4.2 Runoff modeling (Q) | 31 | ||
| 2.4.3 Discharge modeling (D) | 33 | ||
| 2.5 CASE STUDY OF MICRO-CATCHMENT HYDROLOGY MODELING | 36 | ||
| 2.5.1 Design rainfall hyetograph for micro-catchment RWMS | 36 | ||
| Step 1: Find dominant rainfall type | 37 | ||
| Step 2: Select heaviest cumulative rainfall percent curve | 37 | ||
| Step 3: Total rainfall depth | 40 | ||
| Step 4: Construction of design rainfall hyetograph | 40 | ||
| 2.5.2 Verification of the runoff equation | 42 | ||
| 2.5.2.1 Results and discussion | 43 | ||
| 2.6 SUMMARY | 46 | ||
| REFERENCES | 46 | ||
| Chapter 3: Hydrological design of multipurpose micro-catchment rainwater management | 49 | ||
| 3.1 INTRODUCTION | 49 | ||
| 3.1.1 Development of rainwater management (RWM) models | 50 | ||
| 3.1.2 Procedure of hydrological modeling | 52 | ||
| Input data | 53 | ||
| Design data | 53 | ||
| Results | 54 | ||
| 3.1.3 Other considerations in micro-catchment hydrology | 54 | ||
| 3.2 RAINFALL-DISCHARGE (R-D) MODEL | 55 | ||
| 3.2.1 Modeling of R-D system | 56 | ||
| 3.2.1.1 Diagram | 56 | ||
| 3.2.1.2 Equations | 57 | ||
| Design rainfall | 57 | ||
| Runoff analysis | 57 | ||
| Methods | 58 | ||
| 3.2.2 Results and discussion | 58 | ||
| 3.3 RAINFALL-STORAGE-DISCHARGE (R-S-D) MODEL | 60 | ||
| 3.3.1 Modeling of R-S-D system | 61 | ||
| 3.3.1.1 Diagram | 61 | ||
| 3.3.1.2 Equations | 62 | ||
| 3.3.1.3 Flow chart | 62 | ||
| 3.3.2 Results and discussion | 64 | ||
| 3.3.2.1 TP (Tank volume – Peak runoff) curve | 64 | ||
| 3.3.2.2 TD (Tank volume – Design period) curve | 67 | ||
| 3.3.2.3 ES (Emergency Storage) | 67 | ||
| 3.4 RAINFALL-STORAGE-PUMP-DISCHARGE (R-S-P-D) MODEL | 68 | ||
| 3.5 RAINFALL-STORAGE-UTILIZATION-DISCHARGE (R-S-U-D) MODEL | 71 | ||
| 3.5.1 Modeling of R-S-U-D system | 72 | ||
| 3.5.1.1 Diagram | 72 | ||
| 3.5.1.2 Equations | 73 | ||
| 3.5.1.3 Flow chart | 73 | ||
| 3.5.2 Results and discussion | 75 | ||
| 3.5.2.1 TP (Tank volume – Peak runoff) curve | 75 | ||
| 3.5.2.2 TD (Tank volume – Design return period) curve | 76 | ||
| 3.5.2.3 Rainwater utilization ratio | 78 | ||
| 3.5.2.4 ES (Emergency Storage) | 79 | ||
| 3.6 RAINFALL-STORAGE-INFILTRATION-DISCHARGE (R-S-I-D) MODEL | 79 | ||
| 3.6.1 Modeling of R-S-I-D system | 80 | ||
| 3.6.1.1 Diagram | 80 | ||
| 3.6.1.2 Equations | 80 | ||
| 3.6.1.3 Flow chart | 83 | ||
| 3.6.2 Results and discussion | 83 | ||
| 3.6.2.1 TP (Tank volume – Peak runoff) curve | 83 | ||
| 3.6.2.2 TD (Tank volume – Design return period) curve | 86 | ||
| 3.6.2.3 Groundwater recharge ratio | 86 | ||
| 3.6.2.4 ES (Emergency Storage) | 87 | ||
| 3.7 RAINFALL-STORAGE-UTILIZATION-INFILTRATION-DISCHARGE (R-S-U-I-D) MODEL | 88 | ||
| 3.7.1 Modeling of R-S-U-I-D system | 89 | ||
| 3.7.1.1 Diagram | 89 | ||
| 3.7.1.2 Equations | 89 | ||
| 3.7.1.3 Flow chart | 93 | ||
| 3.7.2 Results and discussion | 93 | ||
| 3.7.2.1 TP (Tank volume – Peak runoff) curve | 93 | ||
| 3.7.2.2 TD (Tank volume – Design period) curves | 95 | ||
| 3.7.2.3 Rainwater utilization ratio and groundwater recharge ratio | 95 | ||
| 3.7.2.4 ES (Emergency Storage) | 97 | ||
| 3.8 DESIGN EXAMPLE OF RWMS FOR SEOUL CITY, KOREA | 98 | ||
| 3.8.1 Design procedure | 98 | ||
| 3.8.2 Example calculation | 99 | ||
| 3.9 SUMMARY | 102 | ||
| REFERENCES | 105 | ||
| Chapter 4: Hydrological design of rainwater harvesting system for water supply | 107 | ||
| 4.1 INTRODUCTION | 107 | ||
| 4.2 DAILY RAINFALL DATA MODEL | 110 | ||
| 4.2.1 Modeling method | 110 | ||
| 4.2.1.1 Equations | 110 | ||
| 4.2.1.2 Flow chart | 111 | ||
| 4.2.2 Design example for daily rainfall data model | 113 | ||
| 4.2.2.1 Design condition | 113 | ||
| 4.2.2.2 Results and discussion | 113 | ||
| 4.3 MONTHLY RAINFALL DATA MODEL (WHEN RAINFALL DATA IS INSUFFICIENT) | 115 | ||
| 4.3.1 Modeling method | 116 | ||
| 4.3.1.1 Uniform ‘monthly’ rainfall data (S1) | 117 | ||
| 4.3.1.2 One-day ‘monthly’ rainfall data (S2) | 117 | ||
| 4.3.1.3 Monthly rainfall data model (S3) | 117 | ||
| 4.3.2 Design example for monthly rainfall data model | 118 | ||
| 4.3.2.1 Design condition | 118 | ||
| 4.3.2.2 Results and discussion | 119 | ||
| 4.4 HOW TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF RWHS | 121 | ||
| 4.4.1 Variable demand model | 122 | ||
| 4.4.1.1 Flow chart | 124 | ||
| 4.4.2 Design example for RWHS performance improvement | 124 | ||
| 4.4.2.1 Design condition | 124 | ||
| 4.4.2.2 Results and discussion | 126 | ||
| 4.5 SUMMARY | 128 | ||
| REFERENCES | 129 | ||
| Chapter 5: Case studies | 131 | ||
| 5.1 DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A MULTIPURPOSE RWHM PROJECT IN AN URBAN AREA – CASE STUDY IN STAR CITY, SOUTH KOREA | 131 | ||
| 5.1.1 Introduction | 131 | ||
| 5.1.2 Materials and methods | 133 | ||
| 5.1.3 Results and discussion | 134 | ||
| 5.1.3.1 Water saving and flood mitigation potential | 134 | ||
| 5.1.3.2 Energy saved by using rainwater supply | 136 | ||
| 5.1.3.3 Social impact | 137 | ||
| 5.2 DESIGN AND OPERATION OF A RAINWATER FOR DRINKING (RFD) PROJECT IN A RURAL AREA – CASE STUDY IN CU KHE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, VIETNAM | 139 | ||
| 5.2.1 Introduction | 139 | ||
| 5.2.2 Materials and methods | 140 | ||
| 5.2.2.1 Site description | 140 | ||
| 5.2.2.2 Rainwater harvesting system | 140 | ||
| 5.2.2.3 Analysis of operational data | 141 | ||
| 5.2.3 Results and discussion | 142 | ||
| 5.2.3.1 Verification of monthly rainfall data model with operational data | 142 | ||
| 5.2.3.2 Water quality | 144 | ||
| 5.2.3.3 Public acceptance | 145 | ||
| 5.3 EFFECT OF FLOOD REDUCTION BY DECENTRALIZED RAINWATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DRWMS) – A CASE STUDY IN SUWON CITY, SOUTH KOREA | 147 | ||
| 5.3.1 Introduction | 147 | ||
| 5.3.2 Materials and methods | 148 | ||
| 5.3.3 Results and discussion | 149 | ||
| 5.4 SUMMARY | 151 | ||
| REFERENCES | 152 | ||
| Index | 155 |