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Inclusion and Exclusion in Europe

Inclusion and Exclusion in Europe

Olena Fedyuk | Paul Stewart

(2018)

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Book Details

Abstract

Recent decades have seen the EU grappling with a major struggle between the securitization of its external borders and demand for exploitable and disposable cheap workforce in various sectors. As a result, the EU has multiplied its borders by pushing them both outwards and inwards, and the distinction between migrants’ status as regular and irregular, legal and illegal, citizen and non-citizen, has been continuously portrayed as black and white. This produces and sustains an analytical, political and practical divide that often obscures commonalities in workers’ dispossession and is an obstacle to unified struggles to secure workers’ rights.

This volume moves beyond a perspective of migrants’ exclusion and inclusion as solely a product of migration processes. It contextualizes migration in the larger transformations of the local, national and transnational labour markets and relations that point to the ongoing precarization of working lives.

These processes of inclusion are methodologically approached through exclusion at macro, micro and meso levels. This positions the ethnographically documented experiences of immigrant labourers in the challenges of contemporary labour and migratory regimes, and traces new forms of collective response and contestation emerging in these reconfiguring contexts.
Olena Fedyuk is a Post-Doctoral Researcher in the Marie Curie ‘ChangingEmployment’ network at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow.

Paul Stewart is a Professor of Sociology of Work and Employment at the Department of Human Resource Management, University of Strathclyde in Glasgow. He is also a Coordinator of the Marie Curie Initial Training Network ‘ChangingEmployment.’
This is an important contribution that aims to uncover the broader aspects of migration in relation to work and employment. The chapters look at the edges of the social and the more hidden forms of work and exploitation, as well prompting us to think about and question the effectiveness of more established forms of responding to the issue of exclusion.
Miguel Martinez Lucio, Professor of International HRM and Comparative Industrial Relations, University of Manchester
This edited volume could not be more timely in its critical examination of the intersection of precarious work and migration. Importantly migration is contextualised in wider transformation of local, national and transnational labour markets. Based on qualitative research by young scholars it goes beyond viewing migrants as victims, but focuses on their collective struggles as part of or supported by trade unions and grassroots organisation.
Jane Hardy, Professor of Political Economy, University of Hertfordshire

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Inclusion and Exclusion in Europe i
ECPR Press ii
Inclusion and Exclusion in Europe: Migration, Work and Employment Perspectives iii
Contents v
Figures vii
Tables ix
Glossary xi
Abbreviations xiii
Preface xv
Reference xvi
Acknowledgements xvii
Introduction 1
Structure of the Book 7
References 12
Section I: Changes in Employment and Migration to the EU 15
Chapter I.1 17
Changes in Employment 17
The Development of Neoliberalism 18
Migration and the Neoliberal State 21
Neoliberal Employment Policies in the UK 22
The European Union and Neoliberal Employment Policies 26
The Transformation of Poland 29
Conclusion 31
References 32
Chapter I.2 35
The Political Economy \nof an Ongoing Crisis 35
Migrational Employment Relations in the Modern European Economy 37
Institutions Matter in Employment Relations 39
Developing a Multilevelled Understanding of Migrational Employment Relations 42
Discussion and Conclusions 50
Notes 53
References 53
Chapter I.3 57
Migration Policies and Their Underlying Threats 57
Citizenship and Multiple Borders in a Borderless European Union 58
The Pitfalls of the Utilitarian Assumptions Governing EU Migration Policies Towards TCNs 62
National Examples: the UK, Spain and Poland 67
Aren’t We All in the Same Boat? What Migration Policies Reveal About Neoliberal Governmentality 69
Notes 75
References 75
Spectrum of Migrants’ Inclusion and Exclusion 79
Chapter II.1 81
‘Hidden Injuries’ of Migration From CEE 81
Facets of Citizenship 82
The Making of a Neoliberal Citizen Through Migration 85
Self-management of a Neoliberal Citizen through Migration 92
The Unmaking of a Neoliberal Citizen 93
Discussion 96
Note 98
References 98
Chapter II.2 101
Non-EU Migrant Workers in For-profit Older-age Care Facilities in London 101
A Journey into Private Older-age Care Facilities 102
A Transnational Political Economy of Non-EU Migrants’ Routes into Care 103
Barriers and Enablers of Social Mobility 115
Conclusion 120
Notes 120
References 121
Chapter II.3 123
Female Migrants’ Agency 123
Female Polish Migration to the UK 124
The Interrelation of Gender, Work Trajectories and Agency: Experiences of Female Polish Migrant Workers in the UK 129
Conclusion 141
References 142
Chapter II.4 147
‘Once You See That It Can Be Otherwise, Then You Expect Something Else’ 147
Migration and Return After 2004 149
Research Design and Methodology 152
Research Results 153
Enhanced Earning Capacity 155
Workplace Relationships 157
Work–life Balance 158
Strategies of Coping with Work-related Tensions 159
Conclusion 164
Notes 165
References 166
COLLECTIVE PERSPECTIVES ON INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION 169
Chapter III.1 171
Trade Unions’ Responses at the Intersection of Class and Migration 171
Migration and Shifting Union Strategies 172
The Three Historical Dilemmas 173
‘Setting the Clock’ on Migrant Organising 173
Dilemmas in the Three Countries: Unions and Migrant Workers in England, Italy and Northern Ireland 175
Influencing Union Dilemmas: The Four Complexes of Factors 177
Power Position and Structure of National Trade Union Movement 177
Condition of the Economy and Labour Market 178
National Identity, Ideology and Institutions 179
Dominant Perceptions of Migrant Groups 180
Class and Identity Politics in Unions – a Fifth Complex of Factors? 180
Finding Class in Our Data: Between Migrant Work and Class Solidarity 183
Conclusion: Class, Competition and the State 191
References 195
Chapter III.2 197
The Social Articulation of the Crisis and Political Mobilisation in Spain 197
Housing, the Financial Market, and Migrant Workers 199
The Political Management of the ‘Financial Crisis’ in Spain and ‘Civil Society’s’ Response: the Case of the PAH 203
All Equal and Like a Family? Citizenism and Organicism in the PAH’s Discourse and Practice 213
Notes 216
References 217
Chapter III.3 221
Obstacles Before Struggles 221
Diagnosing Freedom of Movement 224
Freedom of Movement: In the Crib of Overexploitation and Exodus 228
Freedom of Movement: To Escape a Habit 233
Notes 235
References 236
Chapter III.4 239
Precariousness in Unlikely Places 239
Precariousness, High-skilled Migrant Workers and Migrant networks 240
Research Methods and Case Studies 248
Findings and Discussion 250
Conclusion 259
References 260
References 275
18 October 2015, Ross Priory, Scotland 278
Notes 291
Index 293
About the Contributors 299