BOOK
Environmental Conservation, Clean Water, Air & Soil (CleanWAS)
Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf | Wan Syaidatul Aqma
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
As we embark into the 21st century, we need to address new challenges ranging from population growth, climate change, and depletion of natural resources to providing better health care, food security and peace to humankind, while at the same time protecting natural ecosystems that provide the services which allow life to flourish on Earth. To meet those challenges, profound changes are required in the way that societies conduct their everyday affairs, ways that will lead to better preservation, protection and sustainable management of natural resources with long lasting impacts. The aim of CleanWAS 2016 is to provide productive opportunities for academics and practitioners from interdisciplinary fields of Environmental Sciences to meet, share and bring expertise and ideas in related disciplines. The CleanWAS conference was first organized in the year 2012. It is an annual event organised by the International Water, Air and Soil Conservation society (INWASCON) and is supported by various Malaysian (UKM, UMS, UIAM) and Chinese universities (CUG, NKU, SYSU).
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Cover | Cover | ||
Contents | v | ||
Preface | x | ||
Chairman’s Message | xii | ||
Part 1: Air and Water Environments | 1 | ||
Characterisations of airborne particulates (Inhalable & Respirable) at the National Museum Malaysia | 2 | ||
ABSTRACT | 2 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 2 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 3 | ||
2.1 Description of sampling site | 3 | ||
2.2 Sampling and instrumentation | 3 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS | 4 | ||
3.1 Physical characteristics of airborne particulates | 4 | ||
3.2 Particles number distribution | 4 | ||
3.3 Size distribution of airborne particulates | 5 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 5 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 6 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 6 | ||
Implementation of a short rotation buffer area to minimize reactive nitrogen percolation to groundwater | 8 | ||
ABSTRACT | 8 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 8 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 9 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 10 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 11 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 12 | ||
A multivariate statistical approach to evaluate the impact of tributaries on water quality of a tropical river | 13 | ||
ABSTRACT | 13 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 13 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 14 | ||
2.1 Study stretch and monitoring sites | 14 | ||
2.2 Data source and water quality variables | 14 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 15 | ||
3.1 Principal component analysis (PCA) | 15 | ||
3.2 Cluster analysis | 15 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 16 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 16 | ||
Effect of hydrological conditions on water quality in coastal lakes of the Southern Baltic Sea | 18 | ||
ABSTRACT | 18 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 19 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 19 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 20 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 21 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 21 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 21 | ||
A review on radioactivity of radionuclides in the Langat River, Malaysia | 23 | ||
ABSTRACT | 23 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 23 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 24 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 24 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 26 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 26 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 26 | ||
Analysing the impacts of urbanization on groundwater resources | 28 | ||
ABSTRACT | 28 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 28 | ||
1.1 Overview of Langat River Basin | 29 | ||
1.2 Urbanization in Langat River Basin | 29 | ||
1.3 Urbanization impacts on ground water resources in Langat River Basin | 30 | ||
2 CONCLUSION | 30 | ||
3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 31 | ||
4 REFERENCES | 31 | ||
Household involvement in pioneering payment for ecosystem services in Langat Basin, Malaysia | 32 | ||
ABSTRACT | 32 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 32 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 33 | ||
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION | 33 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 34 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 34 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 34 | ||
Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the air quality of Baoding city based on dynamic entropy weight | 35 | ||
ABSTRACT | 35 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 35 | ||
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS | 35 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 35 | ||
3.1 Evaluation standard | 36 | ||
3.2 Evaluation procedure | 36 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 36 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 37 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 37 | ||
Spatial analysis of influenza A(H7N9) cases based on spatial autocorrelation statistics, China, 2013–2014 | 38 | ||
ABSTRACT | 38 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 38 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 39 | ||
2.1 Data sources | 39 | ||
2.2 Spatial autocorrelation analysis | 39 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 39 | ||
3.1 Global autocorrelation analysis | 39 | ||
3.2 Cluster and outlier analysis | 39 | ||
3.3 Hot spot analysis | 39 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 40 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 40 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 41 | ||
An assessment of oxidative potential of indoor/outdoor airborne particulate matter at roadside and urban background sites in London | 42 | ||
ABSTRACT | 42 | ||
1 INTRODUCION | 42 | ||
2 MATERIAL & METHODS | 43 | ||
2.1 PM filter exposure, collection and extraction | 43 | ||
2.2 PM toxicity assessment | 43 | ||
2.3 Materials | 43 | ||
2.3.1 Chelex resin treated water | 43 | ||
2.3.2 Synthetic RTLF preparation | 43 | ||
2.3.3 Synthetic RTLF exposure | 44 | ||
2.4 Methods | 44 | ||
3 RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS | 44 | ||
3.1 Naturally ventilated school building (urban background) | 44 | ||
3.2 Mechanically ventilated office building (roadside site) | 46 | ||
3.3 Naturally ventilated school building | 47 | ||
3.3.1 Mechanically ventilated office building | 47 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 48 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 48 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 48 | ||
Chemometrical expertise of spatiotemporal dynamics of physiochemical characteristics of several coastal lakes in northern Poland | 50 | ||
ABSTRACT | 50 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 51 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 51 | ||
3 RESULTS | 51 | ||
4 DISCUSSION | 52 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 54 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 54 | ||
Simulation investigation of relationship between water level and surface area of Poyang Lake in typical hydrological years | 55 | ||
ABSTRACT | 55 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 55 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 56 | ||
2.1 Hydrodynamic model | 56 | ||
2.2 Poyang Lake hydrodynamic modeling methods and data sources | 56 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 56 | ||
3.1 Analysis of the relationship in dry hydrological year | 56 | ||
3.2 Analysis of the relationship in normal hydrological year | 57 | ||
3.3 Analysis of the relationship in wet hydrological year | 59 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 60 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 60 | ||
Comparison of the physical characteristics of airborne and inhaled coal dust samples | 61 | ||
ABSTRACT | 61 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 61 | ||
2 METHODS | 62 | ||
2.1 Sampling and instrumentation | 62 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS | 63 | ||
3.1 Comparison of the physical characteristics of airborne and inhaled coal dust samples | 63 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 65 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 66 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 66 | ||
Application of artificial neural network and regression analysis to recovery of missing hydrological data in Klang River Basin | 67 | ||
ABSTRACT | 67 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 67 | ||
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS | 68 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 69 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 70 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 70 | ||
The decomposition of 2,3-dichloropropionic acid in water by contact glow discharge electrolysis | 71 | ||
ABSTRACT | 71 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 71 | ||
2 EXPERIMENTAL | 72 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 73 | ||
3.1 Decomposition of 2,3-DCPA | 73 | ||
3.2 Products and decomposition mechanisms of 2,3-DCPA | 74 | ||
3.3 Kinetics of 2,3-DCPA decomposition | 74 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 75 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 75 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 76 | ||
Review of calcium looping process for CO2 capture | 77 | ||
ABSTRACT | 77 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 77 | ||
2 PROCESS DESCRIPTION | 78 | ||
3 EXPERIMENTS RESULTS OF CLP | 79 | ||
4 SIMULATION AND MODELING OF CLP | 79 | ||
4.1 Kinetic models | 79 | ||
4.2 Process simulation | 79 | ||
5 FUTURE RESEARCH WORKS | 80 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 80 | ||
Characteristics of Pelargonium radula as a mercury bioindicator for safety assessment of drinking water | 82 | ||
ABSTRACT | 82 | ||
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 82 | ||
2 REFERENCE | 82 | ||
Are you willing to pay for clean air? | 83 | ||
Atmospheric particulate mercury: Effect of meteorological parameters and source analysis | 84 | ||
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 84 | ||
Part 2: Soil and Solids | 85 | ||
Effect of soil pre treatment using landfill leachate for bioelectricity generation in Soil Based Microbial Fuel Cell (SBMFC) | 86 | ||
ABSTRACT | 86 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 86 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 87 | ||
2.1 MFC experimental set up | 87 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 87 | ||
3.1 Effect of soil location to the power, voltage and current generation | 87 | ||
3.2 Effect of landfill leachate as pre-treatment | 87 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 88 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 89 | ||
Influence of particles texture, and structure on rheological behaviour of fine sediment slurry | 90 | ||
ABSTRACT | 90 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 90 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 91 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 91 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 92 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 92 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 93 | ||
Depression internal wave with submerged plate | 94 | ||
ABSTRACT | 94 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 94 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 95 | ||
2.1 Problem setup and computational approach | 95 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 95 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 95 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 97 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 97 | ||
Sorption of tetracyclines and macrolieds on different sites sediments of Taihu Lake | 98 | ||
ABSTRACT | 98 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 98 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 99 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 99 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 101 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 101 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 101 | ||
Biomass growth and substrate removal in fish processing saline wastewater by aerobic biodegradation | 102 | ||
ABSTRACT | 102 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 102 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 103 | ||
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION | 103 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 104 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 105 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 105 | ||
The effect of powder activated carbon (PAC) addition on membrane bioreactor (MBR) for landfill leachate treatment | 106 | ||
ABSTRACT | 106 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 106 | ||
2 METHODOLOGY | 108 | ||
2.1 Leachate feed | 108 | ||
2.2 Process configuration and system design | 108 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 111 | ||
3.1 COD and BOD removal | 111 | ||
3.2 NH4–N and PO4–P removal | 111 | ||
3.3 CL-, SO4, EC (electrical conductivity) and turbidity removal | 112 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 114 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 114 | ||
Impact of paddy field operation on river flow rate focusing on the farming calendar: A case study from the Eai River watershed, Japan | 115 | ||
ABSTRACT | 115 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 115 | ||
2 STUDY SITE | 116 | ||
2.1 The Eai River watershed | 116 | ||
2.2 Field measurement at a paddy plot | 118 | ||
3 WATER BALANCE MODEL OF PADDY FIELD | 119 | ||
4 WATER CONTROL MODEL OF PADDY FIELD | 119 | ||
4.1 Algorithm of water control | 119 | ||
4.2 Results and discussion | 121 | ||
4.2.1 Water depth of paddy field | 121 | ||
4.2.2 Influence on the river flow rate | 121 | ||
4.2.3 Longitudinal variation of river flow rate under the drought year (no rainfall) | 122 | ||
5 CONCLUSIONS | 124 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 125 | ||
Biochar addition enhances phenanthrene retention in sediment | 126 | ||
ABSTRACT | 126 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 126 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 127 | ||
2.1 Marine sediment and biochar addition | 127 | ||
2.2 Chemical spiking | 127 | ||
2.3 Sediment incubation and sampling | 127 | ||
2.4 Chemical analysis | 128 | ||
2.5 Data analysis | 128 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 128 | ||
3.1 Desorption of phe from natural sediment | 128 | ||
3.2 Desorption of phe from biochar-added sediment | 129 | ||
3.3 Extraction of phe from natural and biochar-added sediment | 129 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 130 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 130 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 130 | ||
Applying the analytical hierarchy process to sand mining regarding environmental impacts | 132 | ||
ABSTRACT | 132 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 132 | ||
2 METHODOLOGY | 133 | ||
3 RESULTS | 135 | ||
4 DISCUSSION | 135 | ||
5 CONCLUSION | 137 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 138 | ||
A numerical simulation to determine the optimal working parameters for soil vapor extraction | 139 | ||
ABSTRACT | 139 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 139 | ||
2 NUMERICAL SIMULATION METHOD | 140 | ||
2.1 Equations | 140 | ||
2.2 Underground water table rise | 141 | ||
2.3 Numerical simulation step | 141 | ||
3 COMPARATIVE RESULTS | 141 | ||
3.1 Vacuum degree and vapor flow rate | 141 | ||
3.2 The vacuum degree varies with radial distance | 142 | ||
3.3 Effective radius of SVE | 142 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 143 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 143 | ||
The status of phosphorus in paddy soils of Xianning, Hubei province, China and its transformation relationship with soils’ physical-chemical properties | 144 | ||
ABSTRACT | 144 | ||
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 144 | ||
Part 3: Pollution and Hazardous Substances | 145 | ||
Efficient removal of Cr(VI) from water using layer double hydroxides | 146 | ||
ABSTRACT | 146 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 146 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 147 | ||
2.1 Synthesis of LDHs | 147 | ||
2.2 Characterization of LDHs | 147 | ||
2.3 Adsorption experiments of LDHs | 147 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 147 | ||
3.1 Characteristics of LDHs | 147 | ||
3.2 Adsorption performance of LDHs | 148 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 149 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 149 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 149 | ||
Analysis of heavy metals content as a key indicator to predict shallow slope failure | 150 | ||
ABSTRACT | 150 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 150 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 151 | ||
2.1 Study areas and sampling sites | 151 | ||
2.2 Method of soil sampling | 151 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS | 151 | ||
3.1 Heavy Metal Concentrations (Fe, Al, Cr, Zn, Pb) | 151 | ||
(a) Tanjung Malim-Perak | 151 | ||
(b) Selangor | 152 | ||
3.2 The relationship between heavy metal content, CEC, soil texture, organic carbon and shallow slope failure | 153 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 154 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 155 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 155 | ||
Nanostructured copper(II)-manganese(II)-binary oxide: A novel adsorbent for enhanced arsenic removal from drinking water | 156 | ||
ABSTRACT | 156 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 156 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 157 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 157 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 158 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 158 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 158 | ||
Ecohydrological impact shapes the structure of macrozoobenthos in southern Baltic coastal lakes | 159 | ||
ABSTRACT | 159 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 160 | ||
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS | 160 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 160 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 161 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 163 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 163 | ||
Rice husk derived engineered biochar for glyphosate removal in aqueous media engineered biochar for pesticides removal | 164 | ||
ABSTRACT | 164 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 164 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 165 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 165 | ||
3.1 Characteristics and effects of initial pH | 165 | ||
3.2 Adsorption kinetics | 165 | ||
3.3 Adsorption isotherm | 166 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 167 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 167 | ||
Integrated process of preparation of Zn powder by alkaline leaching and electrowinning for zinc dust in copper smelting | 168 | ||
ABSTRACT | 168 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 168 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 169 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 169 | ||
3.1 Industrial design | 170 | ||
3.2 Leaching section | 170 | ||
3.3 Purification section | 170 | ||
3.4 Electrolytic section | 171 | ||
3.5 Cleaning and drying section of zinc powder | 171 | ||
3.6 Finance evaluation | 171 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 171 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 171 | ||
6 REFRENCES | 171 | ||
Influence of the veterinary drug tetracycline on antioxidant capacity of red blood cells | 172 | ||
ABSTRACT | 172 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 172 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 173 | ||
2.1 Reagents and apparatus | 173 | ||
2.2 Determination of GSH in human RBCs | 173 | ||
2.3 Determination of ROS in human RBCs | 174 | ||
2.4 Statistical analysis | 174 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 174 | ||
3.1 Effect of TC on GSH in human RBCs | 174 | ||
3.2 Effect of TC on ROS level in human RBCs | 174 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 177 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 177 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 177 | ||
Effect of COD/SO42– ratio and alkalinity on COD removal and sulfate reduction in two-phase expanded granular sludge bed | 179 | ||
ABSTRACT | 179 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 179 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 180 | ||
2.1 Operation of two-phase anaerobic reactor | 180 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 180 | ||
3.1 Effect of COD/SO42– ratio | 180 | ||
3.2 Effect of alkalinity | 181 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 181 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 181 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 181 | ||
Start-up of a bench-scale UASB reactor treating real substitute natural gas wastewater with glucose addition | 182 | ||
ABSTRACT | 182 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 182 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 183 | ||
2.1 Experiment device | 183 | ||
2.2 Start-up | 183 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 183 | ||
3.1 Performance of start-up stage | 183 | ||
3.2 GC/MS analysis | 184 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 184 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 184 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 184 | ||
Component analysis of odor pollutants in kitchen garbage disposal process | 185 | ||
ABSTRACT | 185 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 185 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 186 | ||
2.1 Sampling points | 186 | ||
2.2 Method for samples analysis | 186 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 186 | ||
3.1 Composition and content | 186 | ||
3.2 Analysis of spectral components | 186 | ||
3.3 Characteristics of pollutants | 189 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 190 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 191 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 191 | ||
BiOI-TiO2 nanobelt P-N heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of reactive brilliant red and tetrabromobisphenol A under visible light irradiation | 192 | ||
ABSTRACT | 192 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 192 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 193 | ||
2.1 Preparation of photocatalysts | 193 | ||
2.2 Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation | 193 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS | 193 | ||
3.1 Characterization | 193 | ||
3.2 Photocatalytic activity | 195 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 196 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 196 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 196 | ||
Robust reverse logistics network design for the Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) under recovery uncertainty | 197 | ||
ABSTRACT | 197 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 197 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 198 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 200 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 200 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 200 | ||
The effect of COD/SO42– on sulfate reduction and anaerobic acidolysis combined process | 201 | ||
ABSTRACT | 201 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 201 | ||
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS | 201 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 202 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 202 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 203 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 203 | ||
Experimental study on anaerobic phase separation with sodium molybdate addition in an acidogenic reactor | 204 | ||
ABSTRACT | 204 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 204 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 205 | ||
2.1 The test device | 205 | ||
2.2 Test method | 205 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 205 | ||
3.1 Acidification reactor start-up test results and analysis | 205 | ||
3.2 The change characteristics of COD and VFA | 206 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 206 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 206 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 206 | ||
Two-dimensional electrochemical remediation of cadmium-contaminated natural soil enhanced by citric acid industrial wastewater | 207 | ||
ABSTRACT | 207 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 207 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 208 | ||
2.1 Soil and citric acid industrial wastewater | 208 | ||
2.2 Experimental apparatus | 208 | ||
2.3 Electrochemical experiments | 208 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 209 | ||
3.1 Soil pH before and after experiments | 209 | ||
3.2 Distribution of cadmium concentratin and voltage after experiments | 209 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 210 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 210 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 210 | ||
Geographical distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the ecosystem | 211 | ||
ABSTRACT | 211 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 211 | ||
2 FUTURE WORK | 212 | ||
3 CONCLUSIONS | 212 | ||
4 CONFLICT ON INTERESTS | 214 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 214 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 214 | ||
Autoaggregation potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6M2 in 3-chlorophenol | 215 | ||
ABSTRACT | 215 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 216 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 216 | ||
2.1 Microorganism and growth media | 216 | ||
2.2 Determination of aggregation index | 217 | ||
2.3 Measurement of hydrophobicity | 217 | ||
2.4 Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) | 217 | ||
2.5 Statistical analysis | 217 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 217 | ||
3.1 Formation of aggregates | 217 | ||
3.2 Bacterial cell Surface hydrophobicity | 218 | ||
3.3 Extracellular polymeric substance | 218 | ||
4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 220 | ||
5 CONCLUSION | 220 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 221 | ||
Preparation and characterization of Dibutyl-Disulfide Montmorillonite as novel adsorbent for the very effective removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution | 222 | ||
ABSTRACT | 222 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 222 | ||
2 EXPERIMENTAL | 223 | ||
2.1 Preparation of adsorbent | 223 | ||
2.2 General method | 223 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 223 | ||
3.1 Adsorbent characterization | 223 | ||
3.2 Effect of variables | 223 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 223 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 223 | ||
Part 4: Environmental Management and Monitoring | 225 | ||
A combined methodology to assess the intrinsic vulnerability of aquifers to pollution from agrochemicals | 226 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 226 | ||
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS | 227 | ||
2.1 LOS method | 227 | ||
2.2 SINTACS method | 227 | ||
2.3 DRASTIC and PESTICIDE DRASTIC methods | 228 | ||
2.4 GOD method | 228 | ||
2.5 AVI method | 228 | ||
2.6 Sensitivity analysis | 228 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 228 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 230 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 230 | ||
Parameter estimation of nonlinear Muskingum model with variable exponent using adaptive genetic algorithm | 231 | ||
ABSTRACT | 231 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 231 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 232 | ||
2.1 Nonlinear muskingum model with variable exponent parameter | 232 | ||
2.2 Applying adaptive genetic algorithm for parameter estimation of VEP-NLMM | 234 | ||
2.3 Selection, crossover and mutation operators | 234 | ||
2.4 Adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation | 234 | ||
2.4.1 Elite strategy | 234 | ||
2.5 Objective function | 235 | ||
2.6 Case study | 235 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 235 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 236 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 236 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 237 | ||
Evaluation of carbon reduction through integration of vertical and horizontal landscape design for hotel premises | 238 | ||
ABSTRACT | 238 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 238 | ||
2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 239 | ||
2.1 Case study at Empayar Muzafar hotel, Melaka | 239 | ||
2.2 CSR by plant materials with application of horizontal and vertical landscape design | 240 | ||
3 CONCLUSION | 241 | ||
4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | 242 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 242 | ||
Smart system for waste composition management in Malaysia | 243 | ||
ABSTRACT | 243 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 244 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 244 | ||
2.1 Smart system development | 244 | ||
2.2 Domain scope and task selection | 245 | ||
2.3 Solid waste modeling | 246 | ||
2.4 Data input | 246 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 248 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 248 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 249 | ||
Framework for sustainable urban asset management – assessment & indexing of urban water utilities | 250 | ||
ABSTRACT | 250 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 250 | ||
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS | 252 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS | 252 | ||
4 REFERENCES | 256 | ||
Mitigating environmental risks of wastewater reuse for agriculture | 257 | ||
ABSTRACT | 257 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 257 | ||
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS | 258 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 258 | ||
3.1 Soil metals concentrations | 258 | ||
3.2 Crop physicochemical analysis | 258 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 259 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 259 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 260 | ||
Sustainable living and environmental awareness as depicted by children | 261 | ||
ABSTRACT | 261 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 261 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 262 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 262 | ||
3.1 Sustainable routines at home | 262 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 263 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 263 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 263 | ||
State responsibility of the environmental law | 264 | ||
ABSTRACT | 264 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 264 | ||
1.1 The duty of the state to protection of environment | 265 | ||
1.1.1 The authority of the popular sovereignty | 265 | ||
1.1.2 The protection of the fundamental rights of human | 265 | ||
1.1.3 The rule of the law of the state | 266 | ||
1.2 The hard position of the responsibility of state | 266 | ||
1.2.1 The evaluation of the achievement of the local government by economic indicator | 266 | ||
1.2.2 The requirement of the entrepreneur’s protection obligation | 267 | ||
1.2.3 Less attention to the obligation of the state | 267 | ||
1.2.4 The absence of the accountability | 267 | ||
1.2.5 Un-multiplicity measures adopted on the environmental protection | 268 | ||
1.3 The suggestion of the environmental law on the responsibility of state | 268 | ||
1.3.1 The improvement of the environmental law and standards | 268 | ||
1.3.2 The definition of the content of the responsibility of state | 268 | ||
1.3.3 The improvement of the accountability system of state | 269 | ||
2 REFERENCES | 269 | ||
Study on sustainable development of modern forestry in HuBei Province | 270 | ||
ABSTRACT | 270 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 270 | ||
2 CURRENT SITUATION AND PROBLEMS | 270 | ||
3 THOUGHTS AND STRATEGIES | 271 | ||
3.1 Renew ideas, lead the modern trend of forestry development | 271 | ||
3.2 Build a modern system of forestry development | 271 | ||
4 MEASUREMENTS AND POLICIES | 272 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 272 | ||
DNA barcoding of selected endangered and commercial fishes of Pahang River basin | 273 | ||
ABSTRACT | 273 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 273 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 274 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 274 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 275 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 275 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 275 | ||
A research on the recognition of landscape ecological security patterns and function division in Fengjie county in China | 277 | ||
ABSTRACT | 277 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 277 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 278 | ||
2.1 Data sources | 278 | ||
2.2 Research methods | 278 | ||
2.2.1 Minimum cumulative resistance model | 278 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 279 | ||
3.1 The calculation and spatial distribution of ecological resistance factor | 279 | ||
3.2 The construction of minimum cumulative resistance surface and the identification of landscape ecological security patterns | 280 | ||
3.3 The division of the ecological functions of the landscape pattern | 280 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 281 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 282 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 282 | ||
Application of Landsat imagery and ground penetrating radar for the evolution of coastal dune fields in Guangdong province, China | 283 | ||
ABSTRACT | 283 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 283 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 284 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 285 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 287 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 288 | ||
Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite using nano zeolite modified carbon paste electrode | 289 | ||
ABSTRACT | 289 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 289 | ||
2 EXPERIMENTAL | 290 | ||
2.1 Apparatus and chemicals | 290 | ||
2.2 Electrode preparation | 290 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 290 | ||
3.1 Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite on the surface of Ni/NZMCPE | 290 | ||
3.2 The effect of potential scan rate | 290 | ||
3.3 Chronoamperometric studies | 292 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 292 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 292 | ||
Solutions for organic residues disposal with energy recovery as derived fuels and electricity | 294 | ||
ABSTRACT | 294 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 294 | ||
2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP | 295 | ||
2.1 Product | 295 | ||
2.2 Process | 295 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 295 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 298 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 298 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 298 | ||
Application of corn oil as the base fluid for the formulation of a pollution-free oil based drilling fluid | 299 | ||
ABSTRACT | 299 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 299 | ||
1.1 Materials and methodology | 300 | ||
2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 301 | ||
2.1 Effect of diluents on fluid loss reduction and rheology properties | 301 | ||
2.2 Effect of copolymer on fluid loss reduction | 302 | ||
3 CONCLUSION | 304 | ||
4 RECOMMENDATIONS | 304 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 304 | ||
Engaging the public in environmental mindfulness through collaborative design | 305 | ||
1 BACKGROUND AND GOAL OF THE STUDY | 305 | ||
2 AN INTEGRAL APPROACH BE UNDERTAKEN | 305 | ||
3 AROUSED CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM | 306 | ||
4 THE VALUE OF GENERATIVE DIALOGUES FOR COLLABORATIVE DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS | 307 | ||
5 A NEW ERA FOR CULTIVATING THE PUBLIC’S ENVIRONMENTAL MINDFULNESS | 307 | ||
6 CONCLUSION | 309 | ||
7 REFERENCES | 309 | ||
Wholeness praxis on environmental resilience and consilience approach in Tamsui creek | 310 | ||
1 BACKGROUND | 310 | ||
2 TWO THEORETICAL GROUNDS FOR PRACTICING ENVIRONMENTALISM | 310 | ||
3 ADAPTIVE RESILIENCE MODEL VS. ADAPTIVE CONSILIENCE MODEL | 311 | ||
4 INTEGRATING THE CONSILIENCE MODEL INTO WHOLENESS GREEN PRAXIS | 313 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 314 | ||
Development and evolution of environmental interpretation: The wholeness paradigm in action | 315 | ||
1 BACKGROUND | 315 | ||
2 EVOLVING TOWARD THE WHOLENESS PARADIGM OF ENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATION | 315 | ||
3 TWO EXAMPLES | 316 | ||
3.1 Hidden Taipei | 317 | ||
3.2 QingYang Farm activities | 317 | ||
4 DISCUSSION | 318 | ||
5 CONCLUSION | 318 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 319 | ||
Effects of building density and pavement albedo on the energy consumption in a typical residential district | 320 | ||
ABSTRACT | 320 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 320 | ||
2 METHODOLOGY | 321 | ||
2.1 Model and computational domain | 321 | ||
2.2 Computational settings and parameters | 323 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS | 325 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 327 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 327 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 327 | ||
Part 5: Plant Sciences and Agriculture | 329 | ||
Study on physical properties of (Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis) of plantation grown and natural regeneration | 330 | ||
ABSTRACT | 330 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 330 | ||
2 MATERIALS & METHODS | 331 | ||
2.1 Materials | 331 | ||
2.2 Samples preparation | 331 | ||
2.2.1 Specific gravity determination | 331 | ||
2.2.2 Moisture content determination | 332 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 332 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 334 | ||
5 REFERENCES | 334 | ||
Varietal germination, biochemical and growth responses of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) grown under different level of salt stress | 335 | ||
ORAL PRESENTATION | 335 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 335 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 336 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 336 | ||
4 CONCLUSIONS | 340 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 340 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 340 | ||
Efficacy and safety of some medicinal plants in type 2 diabetes | 343 | ||
ORAL PRESENTATION | 343 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 343 | ||
1.1 Diabetes | 344 | ||
1.2 Turmeric | 345 | ||
1.3 Black pepper | 346 | ||
1.4 Date seed | 346 | ||
2 CONCLUSION | 346 | ||
3 REFERENCES | 347 | ||
Cipangopaludina cathayensis polysaccharide extraction and pharmacological potential study in vitro | 348 | ||
ORAL PRESENTATION | 348 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 348 | ||
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS | 348 | ||
2.1 Polysacchride purification | 349 | ||
2.2 Antioxidant potential analysis | 349 | ||
2.3 Anti-tumor properties analysis | 349 | ||
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION | 349 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 350 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS | 350 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 350 | ||
Assessing the feasibility of phytoremediation for Alur Ilmu stormwater, UKM Bangi, Malaysia | 351 | ||
ORAL PRESENTATION | 351 | ||
1 INTRODUCTION | 351 | ||
2 METHODS | 352 | ||
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION | 353 | ||
4 CONCLUSION | 354 | ||
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT | 356 | ||
6 REFERENCES | 356 | ||
Index | 357 |