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Environmental Conservation, Clean Water, Air & Soil (CleanWAS)

Environmental Conservation, Clean Water, Air & Soil (CleanWAS)

Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf | Wan Syaidatul Aqma

(2017)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

As we embark into the 21st century, we need to address new challenges ranging from population growth, climate change, and depletion of natural resources to providing better health care, food security and peace to humankind, while at the same time protecting natural ecosystems that provide the services which allow life to flourish on Earth. To meet those challenges, profound changes are required in the way that societies conduct their everyday affairs, ways that will lead to better preservation, protection and sustainable management of natural resources with long lasting impacts. The aim of CleanWAS 2016 is to provide productive opportunities for academics and practitioners from interdisciplinary fields of Environmental Sciences to meet, share and bring expertise and ideas in related disciplines. The CleanWAS conference was first organized in the year 2012. It is an annual event organised by the International Water, Air and Soil Conservation society (INWASCON) and is supported by various Malaysian (UKM, UMS, UIAM) and Chinese universities (CUG, NKU, SYSU).

Table of Contents

Section Title Page Action Price
Cover Cover
Contents v
Preface x
Chairman’s Message xii
Part 1: Air and Water Environments 1
Characterisations of airborne particulates (Inhalable & Respirable) at the National Museum Malaysia 2
ABSTRACT 2
1 INTRODUCTION 2
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3
2.1 Description of sampling site 3
2.2 Sampling and instrumentation 3
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 4
3.1 Physical characteristics of airborne particulates 4
3.2 Particles number distribution 4
3.3 Size distribution of airborne particulates 5
4 CONCLUSIONS 5
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 6
6 REFERENCES 6
Implementation of a short rotation buffer area to minimize reactive nitrogen percolation to groundwater 8
ABSTRACT 8
1 INTRODUCTION 8
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 9
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 10
4 CONCLUSIONS 11
5 REFERENCES 12
A multivariate statistical approach to evaluate the impact of tributaries on water quality of a tropical river 13
ABSTRACT 13
1 INTRODUCTION 13
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 14
2.1 Study stretch and monitoring sites 14
2.2 Data source and water quality variables 14
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 15
3.1 Principal component analysis (PCA) 15
3.2 Cluster analysis 15
4 CONCLUSION 16
5 REFERENCES 16
Effect of hydrological conditions on water quality in coastal lakes of the Southern Baltic Sea 18
ABSTRACT 18
1 INTRODUCTION 19
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 19
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 20
4 CONCLUSION 21
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 21
6 REFERENCES 21
A review on radioactivity of radionuclides in the Langat River, Malaysia 23
ABSTRACT 23
1 INTRODUCTION 23
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 24
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 24
4 CONCLUSION 26
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 26
6 REFERENCES 26
Analysing the impacts of urbanization on groundwater resources 28
ABSTRACT 28
1 INTRODUCTION 28
1.1 Overview of Langat River Basin 29
1.2 Urbanization in Langat River Basin 29
1.3 Urbanization impacts on ground water resources in Langat River Basin 30
2 CONCLUSION 30
3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 31
4 REFERENCES 31
Household involvement in pioneering payment for ecosystem services in Langat Basin, Malaysia 32
ABSTRACT 32
1 INTRODUCTION 32
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 33
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 33
4 CONCLUSION 34
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 34
6 REFERENCES 34
Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the air quality of Baoding city based on dynamic entropy weight 35
ABSTRACT 35
1 INTRODUCTION 35
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 35
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 35
3.1 Evaluation standard 36
3.2 Evaluation procedure 36
4 CONCLUSION 36
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 37
6 REFERENCES 37
Spatial analysis of influenza A(H7N9) cases based on spatial autocorrelation statistics, China, 2013–2014 38
ABSTRACT 38
1 INTRODUCTION 38
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 39
2.1 Data sources 39
2.2 Spatial autocorrelation analysis 39
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 39
3.1 Global autocorrelation analysis 39
3.2 Cluster and outlier analysis 39
3.3 Hot spot analysis 39
4 CONCLUSION 40
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 40
6 REFERENCES 41
An assessment of oxidative potential of indoor/outdoor airborne particulate matter at roadside and urban background sites in London 42
ABSTRACT 42
1 INTRODUCION 42
2 MATERIAL & METHODS 43
2.1 PM filter exposure, collection and extraction 43
2.2 PM toxicity assessment 43
2.3 Materials 43
2.3.1 Chelex resin treated water 43
2.3.2 Synthetic RTLF preparation 43
2.3.3 Synthetic RTLF exposure 44
2.4 Methods 44
3 RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS 44
3.1 Naturally ventilated school building (urban background) 44
3.2 Mechanically ventilated office building (roadside site) 46
3.3 Naturally ventilated school building 47
3.3.1 Mechanically ventilated office building 47
4 CONCLUSIONS 48
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 48
6 REFERENCES 48
Chemometrical expertise of spatiotemporal dynamics of physiochemical characteristics of several coastal lakes in northern Poland 50
ABSTRACT 50
1 INTRODUCTION 51
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 51
3 RESULTS 51
4 DISCUSSION 52
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 54
6 REFERENCES 54
Simulation investigation of relationship between water level and surface area of Poyang Lake in typical hydrological years 55
ABSTRACT 55
1 INTRODUCTION 55
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 56
2.1 Hydrodynamic model 56
2.2 Poyang Lake hydrodynamic modeling methods and data sources 56
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 56
3.1 Analysis of the relationship in dry hydrological year 56
3.2 Analysis of the relationship in normal hydrological year 57
3.3 Analysis of the relationship in wet hydrological year 59
4 CONCLUSION 60
5 REFERENCES 60
Comparison of the physical characteristics of airborne and inhaled coal dust samples 61
ABSTRACT 61
1 INTRODUCTION 61
2 METHODS 62
2.1 Sampling and instrumentation 62
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 63
3.1 Comparison of the physical characteristics of airborne and inhaled coal dust samples 63
4 CONCLUSIONS 65
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 66
6 REFERENCES 66
Application of artificial neural network and regression analysis to recovery of missing hydrological data in Klang River Basin 67
ABSTRACT 67
1 INTRODUCTION 67
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 68
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 69
4 CONCLUSION 70
5 REFERENCES 70
The decomposition of 2,3-dichloropropionic acid in water by contact glow discharge electrolysis 71
ABSTRACT 71
1 INTRODUCTION 71
2 EXPERIMENTAL 72
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 73
3.1 Decomposition of 2,3-DCPA 73
3.2 Products and decomposition mechanisms of 2,3-DCPA 74
3.3 Kinetics of 2,3-DCPA decomposition 74
4 CONCLUSIONS 75
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 75
6 REFERENCES 76
Review of calcium looping process for CO2 capture 77
ABSTRACT 77
1 INTRODUCTION 77
2 PROCESS DESCRIPTION 78
3 EXPERIMENTS RESULTS OF CLP 79
4 SIMULATION AND MODELING OF CLP 79
4.1 Kinetic models 79
4.2 Process simulation 79
5 FUTURE RESEARCH WORKS 80
6 REFERENCES 80
Characteristics of Pelargonium radula as a mercury bioindicator for safety assessment of drinking water 82
ABSTRACT 82
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 82
2 REFERENCE 82
Are you willing to pay for clean air? 83
Atmospheric particulate mercury: Effect of meteorological parameters and source analysis 84
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 84
Part 2: Soil and Solids 85
Effect of soil pre treatment using landfill leachate for bioelectricity generation in Soil Based Microbial Fuel Cell (SBMFC) 86
ABSTRACT 86
1 INTRODUCTION 86
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 87
2.1 MFC experimental set up 87
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 87
3.1 Effect of soil location to the power, voltage and current generation 87
3.2 Effect of landfill leachate as pre-treatment 87
4 CONCLUSION 88
5 REFERENCES 89
Influence of particles texture, and structure on rheological behaviour of fine sediment slurry 90
ABSTRACT 90
1 INTRODUCTION 90
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 91
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 91
4 CONCLUSION 92
5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 92
6 REFERENCES 93
Depression internal wave with submerged plate 94
ABSTRACT 94
1 INTRODUCTION 94
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 95
2.1 Problem setup and computational approach 95
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 95
4 CONCLUSION 95
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 97
6 REFERENCES 97
Sorption of tetracyclines and macrolieds on different sites sediments of Taihu Lake 98
ABSTRACT 98
1 INTRODUCTION 98
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 99
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 99
4 CONCLUSION 101
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 101
6 REFERENCES 101
Biomass growth and substrate removal in fish processing saline wastewater by aerobic biodegradation 102
ABSTRACT 102
1 INTRODUCTION 102
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 103
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 103
4 CONCLUSION 104
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 105
6 REFERENCES 105
The effect of powder activated carbon (PAC) addition on membrane bioreactor (MBR) for landfill leachate treatment 106
ABSTRACT 106
1 INTRODUCTION 106
2 METHODOLOGY 108
2.1 Leachate feed 108
2.2 Process configuration and system design 108
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 111
3.1 COD and BOD removal 111
3.2 NH4–N and PO4–P removal 111
3.3 CL-, SO4, EC (electrical conductivity) and turbidity removal 112
4 CONCLUSION 114
5 REFERENCES 114
Impact of paddy field operation on river flow rate focusing on the farming calendar: A case study from the Eai River watershed, Japan 115
ABSTRACT 115
1 INTRODUCTION 115
2 STUDY SITE 116
2.1 The Eai River watershed 116
2.2 Field measurement at a paddy plot 118
3 WATER BALANCE MODEL OF PADDY FIELD 119
4 WATER CONTROL MODEL OF PADDY FIELD 119
4.1 Algorithm of water control 119
4.2 Results and discussion 121
4.2.1 Water depth of paddy field 121
4.2.2 Influence on the river flow rate 121
4.2.3 Longitudinal variation of river flow rate under the drought year (no rainfall) 122
5 CONCLUSIONS 124
6 REFERENCES 125
Biochar addition enhances phenanthrene retention in sediment 126
ABSTRACT 126
1 INTRODUCTION 126
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 127
2.1 Marine sediment and biochar addition 127
2.2 Chemical spiking 127
2.3 Sediment incubation and sampling 127
2.4 Chemical analysis 128
2.5 Data analysis 128
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 128
3.1 Desorption of phe from natural sediment 128
3.2 Desorption of phe from biochar-added sediment 129
3.3 Extraction of phe from natural and biochar-added sediment 129
4 CONCLUSIONS 130
5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 130
6 REFERENCES 130
Applying the analytical hierarchy process to sand mining regarding environmental impacts 132
ABSTRACT 132
1 INTRODUCTION 132
2 METHODOLOGY 133
3 RESULTS 135
4 DISCUSSION 135
5 CONCLUSION 137
6 REFERENCES 138
A numerical simulation to determine the optimal working parameters for soil vapor extraction 139
ABSTRACT 139
1 INTRODUCTION 139
2 NUMERICAL SIMULATION METHOD 140
2.1 Equations 140
2.2 Underground water table rise 141
2.3 Numerical simulation step 141
3 COMPARATIVE RESULTS 141
3.1 Vacuum degree and vapor flow rate 141
3.2 The vacuum degree varies with radial distance 142
3.3 Effective radius of SVE 142
4 CONCLUSION 143
5 REFERENCES 143
The status of phosphorus in paddy soils of Xianning, Hubei province, China and its transformation relationship with soils’ physical-chemical properties 144
ABSTRACT 144
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 144
Part 3: Pollution and Hazardous Substances 145
Efficient removal of Cr(VI) from water using layer double hydroxides 146
ABSTRACT 146
1 INTRODUCTION 146
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 147
2.1 Synthesis of LDHs 147
2.2 Characterization of LDHs 147
2.3 Adsorption experiments of LDHs 147
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 147
3.1 Characteristics of LDHs 147
3.2 Adsorption performance of LDHs 148
4 CONCLUSION 149
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 149
6 REFERENCES 149
Analysis of heavy metals content as a key indicator to predict shallow slope failure 150
ABSTRACT 150
1 INTRODUCTION 150
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 151
2.1 Study areas and sampling sites 151
2.2 Method of soil sampling 151
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 151
3.1 Heavy Metal Concentrations (Fe, Al, Cr, Zn, Pb) 151
(a) Tanjung Malim-Perak 151
(b) Selangor 152
3.2 The relationship between heavy metal content, CEC, soil texture, organic carbon and shallow slope failure 153
4 CONCLUSION 154
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 155
6 REFERENCES 155
Nanostructured copper(II)-manganese(II)-binary oxide: A novel adsorbent for enhanced arsenic removal from drinking water 156
ABSTRACT 156
1 INTRODUCTION 156
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 157
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 157
4 CONCLUSION 158
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 158
6 REFERENCES 158
Ecohydrological impact shapes the structure of macrozoobenthos in southern Baltic coastal lakes 159
ABSTRACT 159
1 INTRODUCTION 160
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 160
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 160
4 CONCLUSIONS 161
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 163
6 REFERENCES 163
Rice husk derived engineered biochar for glyphosate removal in aqueous media engineered biochar for pesticides removal 164
ABSTRACT 164
1 INTRODUCTION 164
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 165
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 165
3.1 Characteristics and effects of initial pH 165
3.2 Adsorption kinetics 165
3.3 Adsorption isotherm 166
4 CONCLUSIONS 167
5 REFERENCES 167
Integrated process of preparation of Zn powder by alkaline leaching and electrowinning for zinc dust in copper smelting 168
ABSTRACT 168
1 INTRODUCTION 168
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 169
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 169
3.1 Industrial design 170
3.2 Leaching section 170
3.3 Purification section 170
3.4 Electrolytic section 171
3.5 Cleaning and drying section of zinc powder 171
3.6 Finance evaluation 171
4 CONCLUSION 171
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 171
6 REFRENCES 171
Influence of the veterinary drug tetracycline on antioxidant capacity of red blood cells 172
ABSTRACT 172
1 INTRODUCTION 172
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 173
2.1 Reagents and apparatus 173
2.2 Determination of GSH in human RBCs 173
2.3 Determination of ROS in human RBCs 174
2.4 Statistical analysis 174
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 174
3.1 Effect of TC on GSH in human RBCs 174
3.2 Effect of TC on ROS level in human RBCs 174
4 CONCLUSION 177
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 177
6 REFERENCES 177
Effect of COD/SO42– ratio and alkalinity on COD removal and sulfate reduction in two-phase expanded granular sludge bed 179
ABSTRACT 179
1 INTRODUCTION 179
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 180
2.1 Operation of two-phase anaerobic reactor 180
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 180
3.1 Effect of COD/SO42– ratio 180
3.2 Effect of alkalinity 181
4 CONCLUSION 181
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 181
6 REFERENCES 181
Start-up of a bench-scale UASB reactor treating real substitute natural gas wastewater with glucose addition 182
ABSTRACT 182
1 INTRODUCTION 182
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 183
2.1 Experiment device 183
2.2 Start-up 183
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 183
3.1 Performance of start-up stage 183
3.2 GC/MS analysis 184
4 CONCLUSION 184
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 184
6 REFERENCES 184
Component analysis of odor pollutants in kitchen garbage disposal process 185
ABSTRACT 185
1 INTRODUCTION 185
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 186
2.1 Sampling points 186
2.2 Method for samples analysis 186
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 186
3.1 Composition and content 186
3.2 Analysis of spectral components 186
3.3 Characteristics of pollutants 189
4 CONCLUSION 190
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 191
6 REFERENCES 191
BiOI-TiO2 nanobelt P-N heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of reactive brilliant red and tetrabromobisphenol A under visible light irradiation 192
ABSTRACT 192
1 INTRODUCTION 192
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 193
2.1 Preparation of photocatalysts 193
2.2 Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation 193
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 193
3.1 Characterization 193
3.2 Photocatalytic activity 195
4 CONCLUSIONS 196
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 196
6 REFERENCES 196
Robust reverse logistics network design for the Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) under recovery uncertainty 197
ABSTRACT 197
1 INTRODUCTION 197
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 198
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 200
4 CONCLUSION 200
5 REFERENCES 200
The effect of COD/SO42– on sulfate reduction and anaerobic acidolysis combined process 201
ABSTRACT 201
1 INTRODUCTION 201
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 201
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 202
4 CONCLUSIONS 202
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 203
6 REFERENCES 203
Experimental study on anaerobic phase separation with sodium molybdate addition in an acidogenic reactor 204
ABSTRACT 204
1 INTRODUCTION 204
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 205
2.1 The test device 205
2.2 Test method 205
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 205
3.1 Acidification reactor start-up test results and analysis 205
3.2 The change characteristics of COD and VFA 206
4 CONCLUSION 206
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 206
6 REFERENCES 206
Two-dimensional electrochemical remediation of cadmium-contaminated natural soil enhanced by citric acid industrial wastewater 207
ABSTRACT 207
1 INTRODUCTION 207
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 208
2.1 Soil and citric acid industrial wastewater 208
2.2 Experimental apparatus 208
2.3 Electrochemical experiments 208
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 209
3.1 Soil pH before and after experiments 209
3.2 Distribution of cadmium concentratin and voltage after experiments 209
4 CONCLUSION 210
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 210
6 REFERENCES 210
Geographical distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the ecosystem 211
ABSTRACT 211
1 INTRODUCTION 211
2 FUTURE WORK 212
3 CONCLUSIONS 212
4 CONFLICT ON INTERESTS 214
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 214
6 REFERENCES 214
Autoaggregation potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6M2 in 3-chlorophenol 215
ABSTRACT 215
1 INTRODUCTION 216
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 216
2.1 Microorganism and growth media 216
2.2 Determination of aggregation index 217
2.3 Measurement of hydrophobicity 217
2.4 Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) 217
2.5 Statistical analysis 217
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 217
3.1 Formation of aggregates 217
3.2 Bacterial cell Surface hydrophobicity 218
3.3 Extracellular polymeric substance 218
4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 220
5 CONCLUSION 220
6 REFERENCES 221
Preparation and characterization of Dibutyl-Disulfide Montmorillonite as novel adsorbent for the very effective removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution 222
ABSTRACT 222
1 INTRODUCTION 222
2 EXPERIMENTAL 223
2.1 Preparation of adsorbent 223
2.2 General method 223
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 223
3.1 Adsorbent characterization 223
3.2 Effect of variables 223
4 CONCLUSION 223
5 REFERENCES 223
Part 4: Environmental Management and Monitoring 225
A combined methodology to assess the intrinsic vulnerability of aquifers to pollution from agrochemicals 226
1 INTRODUCTION 226
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 227
2.1 LOS method 227
2.2 SINTACS method 227
2.3 DRASTIC and PESTICIDE DRASTIC methods 228
2.4 GOD method 228
2.5 AVI method 228
2.6 Sensitivity analysis 228
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 228
4 CONCLUSIONS 230
5 REFERENCES 230
Parameter estimation of nonlinear Muskingum model with variable exponent using adaptive genetic algorithm 231
ABSTRACT 231
1 INTRODUCTION 231
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 232
2.1 Nonlinear muskingum model with variable exponent parameter 232
2.2 Applying adaptive genetic algorithm for parameter estimation of VEP-NLMM 234
2.3 Selection, crossover and mutation operators 234
2.4 Adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation 234
2.4.1 Elite strategy 234
2.5 Objective function 235
2.6 Case study 235
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 235
4 CONCLUSION 236
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 236
6 REFERENCES 237
Evaluation of carbon reduction through integration of vertical and horizontal landscape design for hotel premises 238
ABSTRACT 238
1 INTRODUCTION 238
2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 239
2.1 Case study at Empayar Muzafar hotel, Melaka 239
2.2 CSR by plant materials with application of horizontal and vertical landscape design 240
3 CONCLUSION 241
4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 242
5 REFERENCES 242
Smart system for waste composition management in Malaysia 243
ABSTRACT 243
1 INTRODUCTION 244
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 244
2.1 Smart system development 244
2.2 Domain scope and task selection 245
2.3 Solid waste modeling 246
2.4 Data input 246
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 248
4 CONCLUSION 248
5 REFERENCES 249
Framework for sustainable urban asset management – assessment & indexing of urban water utilities 250
ABSTRACT 250
1 INTRODUCTION 250
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 252
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 252
4 REFERENCES 256
Mitigating environmental risks of wastewater reuse for agriculture 257
ABSTRACT 257
1 INTRODUCTION 257
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 258
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 258
3.1 Soil metals concentrations 258
3.2 Crop physicochemical analysis 258
4 CONCLUSION 259
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 259
6 REFERENCES 260
Sustainable living and environmental awareness as depicted by children 261
ABSTRACT 261
1 INTRODUCTION 261
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 262
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 262
3.1 Sustainable routines at home 262
4 CONCLUSION 263
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 263
6 REFERENCES 263
State responsibility of the environmental law 264
ABSTRACT 264
1 INTRODUCTION 264
1.1 The duty of the state to protection of environment 265
1.1.1 The authority of the popular sovereignty 265
1.1.2 The protection of the fundamental rights of human 265
1.1.3 The rule of the law of the state 266
1.2 The hard position of the responsibility of state 266
1.2.1 The evaluation of the achievement of the local government by economic indicator 266
1.2.2 The requirement of the entrepreneur’s protection obligation 267
1.2.3 Less attention to the obligation of the state 267
1.2.4 The absence of the accountability 267
1.2.5 Un-multiplicity measures adopted on the environmental protection 268
1.3 The suggestion of the environmental law on the responsibility of state 268
1.3.1 The improvement of the environmental law and standards 268
1.3.2 The definition of the content of the responsibility of state 268
1.3.3 The improvement of the accountability system of state 269
2 REFERENCES 269
Study on sustainable development of modern forestry in HuBei Province 270
ABSTRACT 270
1 INTRODUCTION 270
2 CURRENT SITUATION AND PROBLEMS 270
3 THOUGHTS AND STRATEGIES 271
3.1 Renew ideas, lead the modern trend of forestry development 271
3.2 Build a modern system of forestry development 271
4 MEASUREMENTS AND POLICIES 272
5 REFERENCES 272
DNA barcoding of selected endangered and commercial fishes of Pahang River basin 273
ABSTRACT 273
1 INTRODUCTION 273
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 274
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 274
4 CONCLUSION 275
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 275
6 REFERENCES 275
A research on the recognition of landscape ecological security patterns and function division in Fengjie county in China 277
ABSTRACT 277
1 INTRODUCTION 277
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 278
2.1 Data sources 278
2.2 Research methods 278
2.2.1 Minimum cumulative resistance model 278
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 279
3.1 The calculation and spatial distribution of ecological resistance factor 279
3.2 The construction of minimum cumulative resistance surface and the identification of landscape ecological security patterns 280
3.3 The division of the ecological functions of the landscape pattern 280
4 CONCLUSION 281
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 282
6 REFERENCES 282
Application of Landsat imagery and ground penetrating radar for the evolution of coastal dune fields in Guangdong province, China 283
ABSTRACT 283
1 INTRODUCTION 283
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 284
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 285
4 CONCLUSIONS 287
5 REFERENCES 288
Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite using nano zeolite modified carbon paste electrode 289
ABSTRACT 289
1 INTRODUCTION 289
2 EXPERIMENTAL 290
2.1 Apparatus and chemicals 290
2.2 Electrode preparation 290
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 290
3.1 Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite on the surface of Ni/NZMCPE 290
3.2 The effect of potential scan rate 290
3.3 Chronoamperometric studies 292
4 CONCLUSION 292
5 REFERENCES 292
Solutions for organic residues disposal with energy recovery as derived fuels and electricity 294
ABSTRACT 294
1 INTRODUCTION 294
2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 295
2.1 Product 295
2.2 Process 295
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 295
4 CONCLUSIONS 298
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 298
6 REFERENCES 298
Application of corn oil as the base fluid for the formulation of a pollution-free oil based drilling fluid 299
ABSTRACT 299
1 INTRODUCTION 299
1.1 Materials and methodology 300
2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 301
2.1 Effect of diluents on fluid loss reduction and rheology properties 301
2.2 Effect of copolymer on fluid loss reduction 302
3 CONCLUSION 304
4 RECOMMENDATIONS 304
5 REFERENCES 304
Engaging the public in environmental mindfulness through collaborative design 305
1 BACKGROUND AND GOAL OF THE STUDY 305
2 AN INTEGRAL APPROACH BE UNDERTAKEN 305
3 AROUSED CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM 306
4 THE VALUE OF GENERATIVE DIALOGUES FOR COLLABORATIVE DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS 307
5 A NEW ERA FOR CULTIVATING THE PUBLIC’S ENVIRONMENTAL MINDFULNESS 307
6 CONCLUSION 309
7 REFERENCES 309
Wholeness praxis on environmental resilience and consilience approach in Tamsui creek 310
1 BACKGROUND 310
2 TWO THEORETICAL GROUNDS FOR PRACTICING ENVIRONMENTALISM 310
3 ADAPTIVE RESILIENCE MODEL VS. ADAPTIVE CONSILIENCE MODEL 311
4 INTEGRATING THE CONSILIENCE MODEL INTO WHOLENESS GREEN PRAXIS 313
5 REFERENCES 314
Development and evolution of environmental interpretation: The wholeness paradigm in action 315
1 BACKGROUND 315
2 EVOLVING TOWARD THE WHOLENESS PARADIGM OF ENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATION 315
3 TWO EXAMPLES 316
3.1 Hidden Taipei 317
3.2 QingYang Farm activities 317
4 DISCUSSION 318
5 CONCLUSION 318
6 REFERENCES 319
Effects of building density and pavement albedo on the energy consumption in a typical residential district 320
ABSTRACT 320
1 INTRODUCTION 320
2 METHODOLOGY 321
2.1 Model and computational domain 321
2.2 Computational settings and parameters 323
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 325
4 CONCLUSIONS 327
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 327
6 REFERENCES 327
Part 5: Plant Sciences and Agriculture 329
Study on physical properties of (Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis) of plantation grown and natural regeneration 330
ABSTRACT 330
1 INTRODUCTION 330
2 MATERIALS & METHODS 331
2.1 Materials 331
2.2 Samples preparation 331
2.2.1 Specific gravity determination 331
2.2.2 Moisture content determination 332
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 332
4 CONCLUSION 334
5 REFERENCES 334
Varietal germination, biochemical and growth responses of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) grown under different level of salt stress 335
ORAL PRESENTATION 335
1 INTRODUCTION 335
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 336
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 336
4 CONCLUSIONS 340
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 340
6 REFERENCES 340
Efficacy and safety of some medicinal plants in type 2 diabetes 343
ORAL PRESENTATION 343
1 INTRODUCTION 343
1.1 Diabetes 344
1.2 Turmeric 345
1.3 Black pepper 346
1.4 Date seed 346
2 CONCLUSION 346
3 REFERENCES 347
Cipangopaludina cathayensis polysaccharide extraction and pharmacological potential study in vitro 348
ORAL PRESENTATION 348
1 INTRODUCTION 348
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 348
2.1 Polysacchride purification 349
2.2 Antioxidant potential analysis 349
2.3 Anti-tumor properties analysis 349
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 349
4 CONCLUSION 350
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 350
6 REFERENCES 350
Assessing the feasibility of phytoremediation for Alur Ilmu stormwater, UKM Bangi, Malaysia 351
ORAL PRESENTATION 351
1 INTRODUCTION 351
2 METHODS 352
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 353
4 CONCLUSION 354
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 356
6 REFERENCES 356
Index 357