Environmental Conservation, Clean Water, Air &amp; Soil (CleanWAS)

Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf; Wan Syaidatul Aqma

BOOK

Environmental Conservation, Clean Water, Air & Soil (CleanWAS)

Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf | Wan Syaidatul Aqma

(2017)

Additional Information

Book Details

ISBN: 978-1-78040-816-3
Edition: 1
Language: English
Pages: 374
Subjects: The environment
Water supply & treatment
Mining technology & engineering

Abstract

As we embark into the 21st century, we need to address new challenges ranging from population growth, climate change, and depletion of natural resources to providing better health care, food security and peace to humankind, while at the same time protecting natural ecosystems that provide the services which allow life to flourish on Earth. To meet those challenges, profound changes are required in the way that societies conduct their everyday affairs, ways that will lead to better preservation, protection and sustainable management of natural resources with long lasting impacts. The aim of CleanWAS 2016 is to provide productive opportunities for academics and practitioners from interdisciplinary fields of Environmental Sciences to meet, share and bring expertise and ideas in related disciplines. The CleanWAS conference was first organized in the year 2012. It is an annual event organised by the International Water, Air and Soil Conservation society (INWASCON) and is supported by various Malaysian (UKM, UMS, UIAM) and Chinese universities (CUG, NKU, SYSU).

Section Title	Page	Action	Price
Cover	Cover
Contents	v
Preface	x
Chairman’s Message	xii
Part 1: Air and Water Environments	1
Characterisations of airborne particulates (Inhalable & Respirable) at the National Museum Malaysia	2
ABSTRACT	2
1 INTRODUCTION	2
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	3
2.1 Description of sampling site	3
2.2 Sampling and instrumentation	3
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS	4
3.1 Physical characteristics of airborne particulates	4
3.2 Particles number distribution	4
3.3 Size distribution of airborne particulates	5
4 CONCLUSIONS	5
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	6
6 REFERENCES	6
Implementation of a short rotation buffer area to minimize reactive nitrogen percolation to groundwater	8
ABSTRACT	8
1 INTRODUCTION	8
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	9
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	10
4 CONCLUSIONS	11
5 REFERENCES	12
A multivariate statistical approach to evaluate the impact of tributaries on water quality of a tropical river	13
ABSTRACT	13
1 INTRODUCTION	13
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	14
2.1 Study stretch and monitoring sites	14
2.2 Data source and water quality variables	14
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	15
3.1 Principal component analysis (PCA)	15
3.2 Cluster analysis	15
4 CONCLUSION	16
5 REFERENCES	16
Effect of hydrological conditions on water quality in coastal lakes of the Southern Baltic Sea	18
ABSTRACT	18
1 INTRODUCTION	19
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	19
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	20
4 CONCLUSION	21
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	21
6 REFERENCES	21
A review on radioactivity of radionuclides in the Langat River, Malaysia	23
ABSTRACT	23
1 INTRODUCTION	23
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	24
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	24
4 CONCLUSION	26
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	26
6 REFERENCES	26
Analysing the impacts of urbanization on groundwater resources	28
ABSTRACT	28
1 INTRODUCTION	28
1.1 Overview of Langat River Basin	29
1.2 Urbanization in Langat River Basin	29
1.3 Urbanization impacts on ground water resources in Langat River Basin	30
2 CONCLUSION	30
3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	31
4 REFERENCES	31
Household involvement in pioneering payment for ecosystem services in Langat Basin, Malaysia	32
ABSTRACT	32
1 INTRODUCTION	32
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	33
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION	33
4 CONCLUSION	34
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	34
6 REFERENCES	34
Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the air quality of Baoding city based on dynamic entropy weight	35
ABSTRACT	35
1 INTRODUCTION	35
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS	35
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	35
3.1 Evaluation standard	36
3.2 Evaluation procedure	36
4 CONCLUSION	36
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT	37
6 REFERENCES	37
Spatial analysis of influenza A(H7N9) cases based on spatial autocorrelation statistics, China, 2013–2014	38
ABSTRACT	38
1 INTRODUCTION	38
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	39
2.1 Data sources	39
2.2 Spatial autocorrelation analysis	39
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	39
3.1 Global autocorrelation analysis	39
3.2 Cluster and outlier analysis	39
3.3 Hot spot analysis	39
4 CONCLUSION	40
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT	40
6 REFERENCES	41
An assessment of oxidative potential of indoor/outdoor airborne particulate matter at roadside and urban background sites in London	42
ABSTRACT	42
1 INTRODUCION	42
2 MATERIAL & METHODS	43
2.1 PM filter exposure, collection and extraction	43
2.2 PM toxicity assessment	43
2.3 Materials	43
2.3.1 Chelex resin treated water	43
2.3.2 Synthetic RTLF preparation	43
2.3.3 Synthetic RTLF exposure	44
2.4 Methods	44
3 RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS	44
3.1 Naturally ventilated school building (urban background)	44
3.2 Mechanically ventilated office building (roadside site)	46
3.3 Naturally ventilated school building	47
3.3.1 Mechanically ventilated office building	47
4 CONCLUSIONS	48
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	48
6 REFERENCES	48
Chemometrical expertise of spatiotemporal dynamics of physiochemical characteristics of several coastal lakes in northern Poland	50
ABSTRACT	50
1 INTRODUCTION	51
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	51
3 RESULTS	51
4 DISCUSSION	52
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	54
6 REFERENCES	54
Simulation investigation of relationship between water level and surface area of Poyang Lake in typical hydrological years	55
ABSTRACT	55
1 INTRODUCTION	55
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	56
2.1 Hydrodynamic model	56
2.2 Poyang Lake hydrodynamic modeling methods and data sources	56
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	56
3.1 Analysis of the relationship in dry hydrological year	56
3.2 Analysis of the relationship in normal hydrological year	57
3.3 Analysis of the relationship in wet hydrological year	59
4 CONCLUSION	60
5 REFERENCES	60
Comparison of the physical characteristics of airborne and inhaled coal dust samples	61
ABSTRACT	61
1 INTRODUCTION	61
2 METHODS	62
2.1 Sampling and instrumentation	62
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS	63
3.1 Comparison of the physical characteristics of airborne and inhaled coal dust samples	63
4 CONCLUSIONS	65
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	66
6 REFERENCES	66
Application of artificial neural network and regression analysis to recovery of missing hydrological data in Klang River Basin	67
ABSTRACT	67
1 INTRODUCTION	67
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS	68
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	69
4 CONCLUSION	70
5 REFERENCES	70
The decomposition of 2,3-dichloropropionic acid in water by contact glow discharge electrolysis	71
ABSTRACT	71
1 INTRODUCTION	71
2 EXPERIMENTAL	72
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	73
3.1 Decomposition of 2,3-DCPA	73
3.2 Products and decomposition mechanisms of 2,3-DCPA	74
3.3 Kinetics of 2,3-DCPA decomposition	74
4 CONCLUSIONS	75
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT	75
6 REFERENCES	76
Review of calcium looping process for CO2 capture	77
ABSTRACT	77
1 INTRODUCTION	77
2 PROCESS DESCRIPTION	78
3 EXPERIMENTS RESULTS OF CLP	79
4 SIMULATION AND MODELING OF CLP	79
4.1 Kinetic models	79
4.2 Process simulation	79
5 FUTURE RESEARCH WORKS	80
6 REFERENCES	80
Characteristics of Pelargonium radula as a mercury bioindicator for safety assessment of drinking water	82
ABSTRACT	82
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	82
2 REFERENCE	82
Are you willing to pay for clean air?	83
Atmospheric particulate mercury: Effect of meteorological parameters and source analysis	84
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	84
Part 2: Soil and Solids	85
Effect of soil pre treatment using landfill leachate for bioelectricity generation in Soil Based Microbial Fuel Cell (SBMFC)	86
ABSTRACT	86
1 INTRODUCTION	86
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	87
2.1 MFC experimental set up	87
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	87
3.1 Effect of soil location to the power, voltage and current generation	87
3.2 Effect of landfill leachate as pre-treatment	87
4 CONCLUSION	88
5 REFERENCES	89
Influence of particles texture, and structure on rheological behaviour of fine sediment slurry	90
ABSTRACT	90
1 INTRODUCTION	90
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	91
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	91
4 CONCLUSION	92
5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	92
6 REFERENCES	93
Depression internal wave with submerged plate	94
ABSTRACT	94
1 INTRODUCTION	94
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	95
2.1 Problem setup and computational approach	95
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	95
4 CONCLUSION	95
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	97
6 REFERENCES	97
Sorption of tetracyclines and macrolieds on different sites sediments of Taihu Lake	98
ABSTRACT	98
1 INTRODUCTION	98
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	99
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	99
4 CONCLUSION	101
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	101
6 REFERENCES	101
Biomass growth and substrate removal in fish processing saline wastewater by aerobic biodegradation	102
ABSTRACT	102
1 INTRODUCTION	102
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	103
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION	103
4 CONCLUSION	104
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	105
6 REFERENCES	105
The effect of powder activated carbon (PAC) addition on membrane bioreactor (MBR) for landfill leachate treatment	106
ABSTRACT	106
1 INTRODUCTION	106
2 METHODOLOGY	108
2.1 Leachate feed	108
2.2 Process configuration and system design	108
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	111
3.1 COD and BOD removal	111
3.2 NH4–N and PO4–P removal	111
3.3 CL-, SO4, EC (electrical conductivity) and turbidity removal	112
4 CONCLUSION	114
5 REFERENCES	114
Impact of paddy field operation on river flow rate focusing on the farming calendar: A case study from the Eai River watershed, Japan	115
ABSTRACT	115
1 INTRODUCTION	115
2 STUDY SITE	116
2.1 The Eai River watershed	116
2.2 Field measurement at a paddy plot	118
3 WATER BALANCE MODEL OF PADDY FIELD	119
4 WATER CONTROL MODEL OF PADDY FIELD	119
4.1 Algorithm of water control	119
4.2 Results and discussion	121
4.2.1 Water depth of paddy field	121
4.2.2 Influence on the river flow rate	121
4.2.3 Longitudinal variation of river flow rate under the drought year (no rainfall)	122
5 CONCLUSIONS	124
6 REFERENCES	125
Biochar addition enhances phenanthrene retention in sediment	126
ABSTRACT	126
1 INTRODUCTION	126
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	127
2.1 Marine sediment and biochar addition	127
2.2 Chemical spiking	127
2.3 Sediment incubation and sampling	127
2.4 Chemical analysis	128
2.5 Data analysis	128
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	128
3.1 Desorption of phe from natural sediment	128
3.2 Desorption of phe from biochar-added sediment	129
3.3 Extraction of phe from natural and biochar-added sediment	129
4 CONCLUSIONS	130
5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	130
6 REFERENCES	130
Applying the analytical hierarchy process to sand mining regarding environmental impacts	132
ABSTRACT	132
1 INTRODUCTION	132
2 METHODOLOGY	133
3 RESULTS	135
4 DISCUSSION	135
5 CONCLUSION	137
6 REFERENCES	138
A numerical simulation to determine the optimal working parameters for soil vapor extraction	139
ABSTRACT	139
1 INTRODUCTION	139
2 NUMERICAL SIMULATION METHOD	140
2.1 Equations	140
2.2 Underground water table rise	141
2.3 Numerical simulation step	141
3 COMPARATIVE RESULTS	141
3.1 Vacuum degree and vapor flow rate	141
3.2 The vacuum degree varies with radial distance	142
3.3 Effective radius of SVE	142
4 CONCLUSION	143
5 REFERENCES	143
The status of phosphorus in paddy soils of Xianning, Hubei province, China and its transformation relationship with soils’ physical-chemical properties	144
ABSTRACT	144
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	144
Part 3: Pollution and Hazardous Substances	145
Efficient removal of Cr(VI) from water using layer double hydroxides	146
ABSTRACT	146
1 INTRODUCTION	146
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	147
2.1 Synthesis of LDHs	147
2.2 Characterization of LDHs	147
2.3 Adsorption experiments of LDHs	147
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	147
3.1 Characteristics of LDHs	147
3.2 Adsorption performance of LDHs	148
4 CONCLUSION	149
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	149
6 REFERENCES	149
Analysis of heavy metals content as a key indicator to predict shallow slope failure	150
ABSTRACT	150
1 INTRODUCTION	150
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	151
2.1 Study areas and sampling sites	151
2.2 Method of soil sampling	151
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS	151
3.1 Heavy Metal Concentrations (Fe, Al, Cr, Zn, Pb)	151
(a) Tanjung Malim-Perak	151
(b) Selangor	152
3.2 The relationship between heavy metal content, CEC, soil texture, organic carbon and shallow slope failure	153
4 CONCLUSION	154
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	155
6 REFERENCES	155
Nanostructured copper(II)-manganese(II)-binary oxide: A novel adsorbent for enhanced arsenic removal from drinking water	156
ABSTRACT	156
1 INTRODUCTION	156
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	157
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	157
4 CONCLUSION	158
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	158
6 REFERENCES	158
Ecohydrological impact shapes the structure of macrozoobenthos in southern Baltic coastal lakes	159
ABSTRACT	159
1 INTRODUCTION	160
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS	160
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	160
4 CONCLUSIONS	161
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	163
6 REFERENCES	163
Rice husk derived engineered biochar for glyphosate removal in aqueous media engineered biochar for pesticides removal	164
ABSTRACT	164
1 INTRODUCTION	164
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	165
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	165
3.1 Characteristics and effects of initial pH	165
3.2 Adsorption kinetics	165
3.3 Adsorption isotherm	166
4 CONCLUSIONS	167
5 REFERENCES	167
Integrated process of preparation of Zn powder by alkaline leaching and electrowinning for zinc dust in copper smelting	168
ABSTRACT	168
1 INTRODUCTION	168
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	169
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	169
3.1 Industrial design	170
3.2 Leaching section	170
3.3 Purification section	170
3.4 Electrolytic section	171
3.5 Cleaning and drying section of zinc powder	171
3.6 Finance evaluation	171
4 CONCLUSION	171
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	171
6 REFRENCES	171
Influence of the veterinary drug tetracycline on antioxidant capacity of red blood cells	172
ABSTRACT	172
1 INTRODUCTION	172
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	173
2.1 Reagents and apparatus	173
2.2 Determination of GSH in human RBCs	173
2.3 Determination of ROS in human RBCs	174
2.4 Statistical analysis	174
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	174
3.1 Effect of TC on GSH in human RBCs	174
3.2 Effect of TC on ROS level in human RBCs	174
4 CONCLUSION	177
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	177
6 REFERENCES	177
Effect of COD/SO42– ratio and alkalinity on COD removal and sulfate reduction in two-phase expanded granular sludge bed	179
ABSTRACT	179
1 INTRODUCTION	179
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	180
2.1 Operation of two-phase anaerobic reactor	180
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	180
3.1 Effect of COD/SO42– ratio	180
3.2 Effect of alkalinity	181
4 CONCLUSION	181
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	181
6 REFERENCES	181
Start-up of a bench-scale UASB reactor treating real substitute natural gas wastewater with glucose addition	182
ABSTRACT	182
1 INTRODUCTION	182
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	183
2.1 Experiment device	183
2.2 Start-up	183
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	183
3.1 Performance of start-up stage	183
3.2 GC/MS analysis	184
4 CONCLUSION	184
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	184
6 REFERENCES	184
Component analysis of odor pollutants in kitchen garbage disposal process	185
ABSTRACT	185
1 INTRODUCTION	185
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	186
2.1 Sampling points	186
2.2 Method for samples analysis	186
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	186
3.1 Composition and content	186
3.2 Analysis of spectral components	186
3.3 Characteristics of pollutants	189
4 CONCLUSION	190
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT	191
6 REFERENCES	191
BiOI-TiO2 nanobelt P-N heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of reactive brilliant red and tetrabromobisphenol A under visible light irradiation	192
ABSTRACT	192
1 INTRODUCTION	192
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	193
2.1 Preparation of photocatalysts	193
2.2 Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation	193
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS	193
3.1 Characterization	193
3.2 Photocatalytic activity	195
4 CONCLUSIONS	196
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	196
6 REFERENCES	196
Robust reverse logistics network design for the Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) under recovery uncertainty	197
ABSTRACT	197
1 INTRODUCTION	197
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	198
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	200
4 CONCLUSION	200
5 REFERENCES	200
The effect of COD/SO42– on sulfate reduction and anaerobic acidolysis combined process	201
ABSTRACT	201
1 INTRODUCTION	201
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS	201
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	202
4 CONCLUSIONS	202
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	203
6 REFERENCES	203
Experimental study on anaerobic phase separation with sodium molybdate addition in an acidogenic reactor	204
ABSTRACT	204
1 INTRODUCTION	204
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	205
2.1 The test device	205
2.2 Test method	205
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	205
3.1 Acidification reactor start-up test results and analysis	205
3.2 The change characteristics of COD and VFA	206
4 CONCLUSION	206
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	206
6 REFERENCES	206
Two-dimensional electrochemical remediation of cadmium-contaminated natural soil enhanced by citric acid industrial wastewater	207
ABSTRACT	207
1 INTRODUCTION	207
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	208
2.1 Soil and citric acid industrial wastewater	208
2.2 Experimental apparatus	208
2.3 Electrochemical experiments	208
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	209
3.1 Soil pH before and after experiments	209
3.2 Distribution of cadmium concentratin and voltage after experiments	209
4 CONCLUSION	210
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	210
6 REFERENCES	210
Geographical distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the ecosystem	211
ABSTRACT	211
1 INTRODUCTION	211
2 FUTURE WORK	212
3 CONCLUSIONS	212
4 CONFLICT ON INTERESTS	214
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT	214
6 REFERENCES	214
Autoaggregation potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6M2 in 3-chlorophenol	215
ABSTRACT	215
1 INTRODUCTION	216
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	216
2.1 Microorganism and growth media	216
2.2 Determination of aggregation index	217
2.3 Measurement of hydrophobicity	217
2.4 Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)	217
2.5 Statistical analysis	217
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	217
3.1 Formation of aggregates	217
3.2 Bacterial cell Surface hydrophobicity	218
3.3 Extracellular polymeric substance	218
4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	220
5 CONCLUSION	220
6 REFERENCES	221
Preparation and characterization of Dibutyl-Disulfide Montmorillonite as novel adsorbent for the very effective removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution	222
ABSTRACT	222
1 INTRODUCTION	222
2 EXPERIMENTAL	223
2.1 Preparation of adsorbent	223
2.2 General method	223
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	223
3.1 Adsorbent characterization	223
3.2 Effect of variables	223
4 CONCLUSION	223
5 REFERENCES	223
Part 4: Environmental Management and Monitoring	225
A combined methodology to assess the intrinsic vulnerability of aquifers to pollution from agrochemicals	226
1 INTRODUCTION	226
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS	227
2.1 LOS method	227
2.2 SINTACS method	227
2.3 DRASTIC and PESTICIDE DRASTIC methods	228
2.4 GOD method	228
2.5 AVI method	228
2.6 Sensitivity analysis	228
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	228
4 CONCLUSIONS	230
5 REFERENCES	230
Parameter estimation of nonlinear Muskingum model with variable exponent using adaptive genetic algorithm	231
ABSTRACT	231
1 INTRODUCTION	231
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	232
2.1 Nonlinear muskingum model with variable exponent parameter	232
2.2 Applying adaptive genetic algorithm for parameter estimation of VEP-NLMM	234
2.3 Selection, crossover and mutation operators	234
2.4 Adaptive probabilities of crossover and mutation	234
2.4.1 Elite strategy	234
2.5 Objective function	235
2.6 Case study	235
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	235
4 CONCLUSION	236
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	236
6 REFERENCES	237
Evaluation of carbon reduction through integration of vertical and horizontal landscape design for hotel premises	238
ABSTRACT	238
1 INTRODUCTION	238
2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	239
2.1 Case study at Empayar Muzafar hotel, Melaka	239
2.2 CSR by plant materials with application of horizontal and vertical landscape design	240
3 CONCLUSION	241
4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	242
5 REFERENCES	242
Smart system for waste composition management in Malaysia	243
ABSTRACT	243
1 INTRODUCTION	244
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	244
2.1 Smart system development	244
2.2 Domain scope and task selection	245
2.3 Solid waste modeling	246
2.4 Data input	246
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	248
4 CONCLUSION	248
5 REFERENCES	249
Framework for sustainable urban asset management – assessment & indexing of urban water utilities	250
ABSTRACT	250
1 INTRODUCTION	250
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS	252
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS	252
4 REFERENCES	256
Mitigating environmental risks of wastewater reuse for agriculture	257
ABSTRACT	257
1 INTRODUCTION	257
2 MATERIAL AND METHODS	258
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	258
3.1 Soil metals concentrations	258
3.2 Crop physicochemical analysis	258
4 CONCLUSION	259
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	259
6 REFERENCES	260
Sustainable living and environmental awareness as depicted by children	261
ABSTRACT	261
1 INTRODUCTION	261
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	262
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	262
3.1 Sustainable routines at home	262
4 CONCLUSION	263
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	263
6 REFERENCES	263
State responsibility of the environmental law	264
ABSTRACT	264
1 INTRODUCTION	264
1.1 The duty of the state to protection of environment	265
1.1.1 The authority of the popular sovereignty	265
1.1.2 The protection of the fundamental rights of human	265
1.1.3 The rule of the law of the state	266
1.2 The hard position of the responsibility of state	266
1.2.1 The evaluation of the achievement of the local government by economic indicator	266
1.2.2 The requirement of the entrepreneur’s protection obligation	267
1.2.3 Less attention to the obligation of the state	267
1.2.4 The absence of the accountability	267
1.2.5 Un-multiplicity measures adopted on the environmental protection	268
1.3 The suggestion of the environmental law on the responsibility of state	268
1.3.1 The improvement of the environmental law and standards	268
1.3.2 The definition of the content of the responsibility of state	268
1.3.3 The improvement of the accountability system of state	269
2 REFERENCES	269
Study on sustainable development of modern forestry in HuBei Province	270
ABSTRACT	270
1 INTRODUCTION	270
2 CURRENT SITUATION AND PROBLEMS	270
3 THOUGHTS AND STRATEGIES	271
3.1 Renew ideas, lead the modern trend of forestry development	271
3.2 Build a modern system of forestry development	271
4 MEASUREMENTS AND POLICIES	272
5 REFERENCES	272
DNA barcoding of selected endangered and commercial fishes of Pahang River basin	273
ABSTRACT	273
1 INTRODUCTION	273
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	274
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	274
4 CONCLUSION	275
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	275
6 REFERENCES	275
A research on the recognition of landscape ecological security patterns and function division in Fengjie county in China	277
ABSTRACT	277
1 INTRODUCTION	277
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	278
2.1 Data sources	278
2.2 Research methods	278
2.2.1 Minimum cumulative resistance model	278
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	279
3.1 The calculation and spatial distribution of ecological resistance factor	279
3.2 The construction of minimum cumulative resistance surface and the identification of landscape ecological security patterns	280
3.3 The division of the ecological functions of the landscape pattern	280
4 CONCLUSION	281
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	282
6 REFERENCES	282
Application of Landsat imagery and ground penetrating radar for the evolution of coastal dune fields in Guangdong province, China	283
ABSTRACT	283
1 INTRODUCTION	283
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	284
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	285
4 CONCLUSIONS	287
5 REFERENCES	288
Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite using nano zeolite modified carbon paste electrode	289
ABSTRACT	289
1 INTRODUCTION	289
2 EXPERIMENTAL	290
2.1 Apparatus and chemicals	290
2.2 Electrode preparation	290
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	290
3.1 Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite on the surface of Ni/NZMCPE	290
3.2 The effect of potential scan rate	290
3.3 Chronoamperometric studies	292
4 CONCLUSION	292
5 REFERENCES	292
Solutions for organic residues disposal with energy recovery as derived fuels and electricity	294
ABSTRACT	294
1 INTRODUCTION	294
2 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP	295
2.1 Product	295
2.2 Process	295
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	295
4 CONCLUSIONS	298
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT	298
6 REFERENCES	298
Application of corn oil as the base fluid for the formulation of a pollution-free oil based drilling fluid	299
ABSTRACT	299
1 INTRODUCTION	299
1.1 Materials and methodology	300
2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	301
2.1 Effect of diluents on fluid loss reduction and rheology properties	301
2.2 Effect of copolymer on fluid loss reduction	302
3 CONCLUSION	304
4 RECOMMENDATIONS	304
5 REFERENCES	304
Engaging the public in environmental mindfulness through collaborative design	305
1 BACKGROUND AND GOAL OF THE STUDY	305
2 AN INTEGRAL APPROACH BE UNDERTAKEN	305
3 AROUSED CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM	306
4 THE VALUE OF GENERATIVE DIALOGUES FOR COLLABORATIVE DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIONS	307
5 A NEW ERA FOR CULTIVATING THE PUBLIC’S ENVIRONMENTAL MINDFULNESS	307
6 CONCLUSION	309
7 REFERENCES	309
Wholeness praxis on environmental resilience and consilience approach in Tamsui creek	310
1 BACKGROUND	310
2 TWO THEORETICAL GROUNDS FOR PRACTICING ENVIRONMENTALISM	310
3 ADAPTIVE RESILIENCE MODEL VS. ADAPTIVE CONSILIENCE MODEL	311
4 INTEGRATING THE CONSILIENCE MODEL INTO WHOLENESS GREEN PRAXIS	313
5 REFERENCES	314
Development and evolution of environmental interpretation: The wholeness paradigm in action	315
1 BACKGROUND	315
2 EVOLVING TOWARD THE WHOLENESS PARADIGM OF ENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATION	315
3 TWO EXAMPLES	316
3.1 Hidden Taipei	317
3.2 QingYang Farm activities	317
4 DISCUSSION	318
5 CONCLUSION	318
6 REFERENCES	319
Effects of building density and pavement albedo on the energy consumption in a typical residential district	320
ABSTRACT	320
1 INTRODUCTION	320
2 METHODOLOGY	321
2.1 Model and computational domain	321
2.2 Computational settings and parameters	323
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS	325
4 CONCLUSIONS	327
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT	327
6 REFERENCES	327
Part 5: Plant Sciences and Agriculture	329
Study on physical properties of (Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis) of plantation grown and natural regeneration	330
ABSTRACT	330
1 INTRODUCTION	330
2 MATERIALS & METHODS	331
2.1 Materials	331
2.2 Samples preparation	331
2.2.1 Specific gravity determination	331
2.2.2 Moisture content determination	332
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	332
4 CONCLUSION	334
5 REFERENCES	334
Varietal germination, biochemical and growth responses of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) grown under different level of salt stress	335
ORAL PRESENTATION	335
1 INTRODUCTION	335
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	336
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	336
4 CONCLUSIONS	340
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	340
6 REFERENCES	340
Efficacy and safety of some medicinal plants in type 2 diabetes	343
ORAL PRESENTATION	343
1 INTRODUCTION	343
1.1 Diabetes	344
1.2 Turmeric	345
1.3 Black pepper	346
1.4 Date seed	346
2 CONCLUSION	346
3 REFERENCES	347
Cipangopaludina cathayensis polysaccharide extraction and pharmacological potential study in vitro	348
ORAL PRESENTATION	348
1 INTRODUCTION	348
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS	348
2.1 Polysacchride purification	349
2.2 Antioxidant potential analysis	349
2.3 Anti-tumor properties analysis	349
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION	349
4 CONCLUSION	350
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	350
6 REFERENCES	350
Assessing the feasibility of phytoremediation for Alur Ilmu stormwater, UKM Bangi, Malaysia	351
ORAL PRESENTATION	351
1 INTRODUCTION	351
2 METHODS	352
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION	353
4 CONCLUSION	354
5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT	356
6 REFERENCES	356
Index	357

Environmental Conservation, Clean Water, Air & Soil (CleanWAS)

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Table of Contents

Contact Us

Quick Navigation