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Book Details
Abstract
Learn the what, how, and why of pathophysiology! With easy-to-read, in-depth descriptions of disease, disease etiology, and disease processes, Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 8th Edition helps you understand the most important and most complex pathophysiology concepts. This updated text includes more than 1,300 full-color illustrations and photographs to make it easier to identify normal anatomy and physiology, as well as alterations of function. This edition includes a NEW chapter on obesity and nutritional disorders, along with expanded coverage of rare diseases and epigenetics. It’s the most comprehensive and authoritative pathophysiology text available!
- The most comprehensive and authoritative pathophysiology text on the market provides unparalleled coverage of Pathophysiology content.
- Over 1,300 full-color illustrations and photographs depict the clinical manifestations of disease and disease processes — more than in any other pathophysiology text.
- Consistent presentation of diseases includes pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and evaluation and treatment.
- Lifespan content includes ten separate pediatric chapters and special sections with aging and pediatrics content.
- Outstanding authors Kathryn McCance and Sue Huether have extensive backgrounds as researchers and instructors, and utilize expert contributors, consultants, and reviewers in developing this edition.
- Algorithms and flowcharts of diseases and disorders make it easy for you to follow the sequential progression of disease processes.
- Additional What’s New boxes highlight the most current research and clinical development.
- Nutrition and Disease boxes explain the link between concepts of health promotion and disease.
- Chapter summary reviews provide concise synopses of the main points of each chapter.
- NEW! Chapter on obesity and nutritional disorders thoroughly covers these growing global concerns.
- NEW! Added coverage of rare diseases and epigenetics further explore genetic disease traits.
- NEW! Over 50 new or heavily revised illustrations visually highlight pathophysiology concepts.
- NEW! More than 30 new 3D animations on Evolve bring difficult concepts to life for a new perspective on disease processes.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Brief Contents | IFC2 | ||
| What’s New? | IFC3 | ||
| Inside Front Cover | IFC4 | ||
| Half title page | i | ||
| About the Cover Image | ii | ||
| Pathophysiology | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Contributors | v | ||
| Reviewers | viii | ||
| Preface | x | ||
| Organization and Content: What’s New in the Eighth Edition | x | ||
| Part One: Central Concepts of Pathophysiology: Cells and Tissues | x | ||
| Part Two: Pathophysiologic Alterations: Organs and Systems | x | ||
| Features to Promote Learning | xi | ||
| Art Program | xi | ||
| Ancillaries | xi | ||
| For Students | xi | ||
| For Instructors | xi | ||
| Acknowledgments | xii | ||
| Introduction to Pathophysiology | xiii | ||
| References | xiv | ||
| Table Of Contents | xv | ||
| 1 Central Concepts of Pathophysiology: Cells and Tissues | 1 | ||
| Unit I The Cell | 2 | ||
| 1 Cellular Biology | 2 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 2 | ||
| Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes | 3 | ||
| Cellular Functions | 3 | ||
| Structure and Function of Cellular Components | 3 | ||
| Nucleus | 3 | ||
| Cytoplasmic Organelles | 3 | ||
| Ribosomes | 4 | ||
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | 5 | ||
| Golgi Complex | 7 | ||
| Lysosomes | 7 | ||
| Peroxisomes | 8 | ||
| Mitochondria | 10 | ||
| Cytosol | 10 | ||
| Cytoskeleton | 10 | ||
| Plasma Membranes | 12 | ||
| Membrane Composition | 12 | ||
| Lipids. | 14 | ||
| Proteins. | 14 | ||
| Protein regulation in a cell: Proteostasis. | 15 | ||
| Cellular Receptors | 16 | ||
| Cell-to-Cell Adhesions | 17 | ||
| Extracellular Matrix and Basement Membrane | 17 | ||
| Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) | 19 | ||
| Specialized Cell Junctions | 19 | ||
| Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction | 19 | ||
| Signal Transduction | 20 | ||
| Extracellular Messengers and Channel Regulation | 21 | ||
| Second Messengers | 22 | ||
| Cellular Metabolism | 22 | ||
| Role of Adenosine Triphosphate | 23 | ||
| Food and Production of Cellular Energy | 24 | ||
| Oxidative Phosphorylation | 26 | ||
| Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output | 27 | ||
| Electrolytes as Solutes | 29 | ||
| Passive Transport: Diffusion, Filtration, and Osmosis | 29 | ||
| Diffusion. | 29 | ||
| Filtration: Hydrostatic pressure. | 30 | ||
| Osmosis. | 30 | ||
| Active transport of Na+ and K+. | 31 | ||
| Transport by Vesicle Formation | 31 | ||
| Endocytosis | 31 | ||
| Clathrin-mediated endocytosis. | 32 | ||
| Caveolae-mediated endocytosis. | 32 | ||
| Clathrin- and caveolin-independent endocytosis. | 32 | ||
| Exocytosis | 34 | ||
| Movement of Electrical Impulses: Membrane Potentials | 34 | ||
| Cellular Reproduction: the Cell Cycle | 35 | ||
| Phases of Mitosis and Cytokinesis | 36 | ||
| The Cell Cycle Control System | 36 | ||
| Control of Cell Division and Cell Growth: Mitogens, Growth Factors, and Survival Factors | 37 | ||
| DNA Damage Response: Blocks Cell Division | 38 | ||
| Tissues | 38 | ||
| Tissue Formation | 38 | ||
| Types of Tissues | 39 | ||
| Epithelial Tissue | 39 | ||
| Connective Tissue | 41 | ||
| Muscle Tissue | 41 | ||
| Neural Tissue | 41 | ||
| Summary Review | 42 | ||
| Cellular Functions | 42 | ||
| Structure and Function of Cellular Components | 42 | ||
| Cell-to-Cell Adhesions | 42 | ||
| Cellular Communication and Signal Transduction | 42 | ||
| Cellular Metabolism | 43 | ||
| Membrane Transport: Cellular Intake and Output | 43 | ||
| Cellular Reproduction: The Cell Cycle | 43 | ||
| Tissues | 44 | ||
| Key Terms | 44 | ||
| References | 45 | ||
| 2 Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology | 46 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 46 | ||
| Cellular Adaptation | 47 | ||
| Atrophy | 47 | ||
| Hypertrophy | 48 | ||
| Hyperplasia | 48 | ||
| Dysplasia: Not a True Adaptive Change | 49 | ||
| Metaplasia | 49 | ||
| Cellular Injury | 49 | ||
| General Mechanisms of Cell Injury | 50 | ||
| Ischemic and Hypoxic Injury | 51 | ||
| Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury | 52 | ||
| Free Radicals and Reactive Oxygen Species | 53 | ||
| Mitochondrial Effects | 56 | ||
| Chemical or Toxic Injury | 57 | ||
| Mechanisms | 57 | ||
| Chemical Agents Including Drugs | 61 | ||
| Air Pollution | 61 | ||
| Heavy Metals as Environmental Pollutants | 64 | ||
| Lead. | 64 | ||
| Pathophysiology. | 66 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations. | 67 | ||
| Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment. | 67 | ||
| Cadmium and arsenic. | 67 | ||
| Mercury. | 67 | ||
| Ethanol | 68 | ||
| Social or Street Drugs | 70 | ||
| Unintentional and Intentional Injuries | 70 | ||
| Asphyxial Injuries | 71 | ||
| Suffocation. | 71 | ||
| Strangulation. | 74 | ||
| Chemical asphyxiants. | 74 | ||
| Drowning. | 74 | ||
| Infectious Injury | 74 | ||
| Immunologic and Inflammatory Injury | 74 | ||
| Injurious Genetic/Epigenetic Factors | 74 | ||
| Injurious Nutritional Imbalances | 74 | ||
| Injurious Physical Agents | 75 | ||
| Climate Change | 75 | ||
| Temperature Extremes | 75 | ||
| Changes in Atmospheric Pressure | 77 | ||
| Decompression sickness. | 77 | ||
| High altitude illness: HAPE, HACE, AMS. | 77 | ||
| Ionizing Radiation | 78 | ||
| Illumination and Luminance: Light Is Electromagnetic Radiation | 81 | ||
| Mechanical Stresses | 82 | ||
| Noise | 83 | ||
| Manifestations of Cellular Injury | 83 | ||
| Cellular Manifestations: Accumulations | 83 | ||
| Water | 84 | ||
| Lipids and Carbohydrates | 84 | ||
| Glycogen | 85 | ||
| Proteins | 85 | ||
| Pigments | 85 | ||
| Melanin. | 85 | ||
| Hemoproteins. | 85 | ||
| Calcium | 86 | ||
| Urate | 87 | ||
| Systemic Manifestations | 87 | ||
| Cellular Death | 87 | ||
| Necrosis | 88 | ||
| Apoptosis | 89 | ||
| Autophagy | 91 | ||
| Aging and Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology | 92 | ||
| Normal Life Span and Life Expectancy | 94 | ||
| Life Expectancy Differences Across America | 94 | ||
| Aging: Degenerative Extracellular Changes | 95 | ||
| Cellular Aging | 95 | ||
| Tissue and Systemic Aging | 96 | ||
| Frailty | 96 | ||
| Somatic Death | 97 | ||
| Summary Review | 97 | ||
| Cellular Adaptation | 97 | ||
| Cellular Injury | 97 | ||
| Manifestations of Cellular Injury | 98 | ||
| Cellular Death | 99 | ||
| Aging | 99 | ||
| Somatic Death | 99 | ||
| Key Terms | 99 | ||
| References | 100 | ||
| 3 The Cellular Environment | 104 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 104 | ||
| Distribution of Body Fluids | 104 | ||
| Aging and Distribution of Body Fluids | 105 | ||
| Water Movement Between ICF and ECF | 105 | ||
| Water Movement Between Plasma and Interstitial Fluid | 106 | ||
| Alterations in Water Movement | 106 | ||
| Edema | 106 | ||
| Pathophysiology. | 106 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations. | 106 | ||
| Evaluation and Treatment. | 108 | ||
| Sodium, Chloride, and Water Balance | 108 | ||
| Sodium and Chloride Balance | 108 | ||
| Water Balance | 109 | ||
| Alterations in Sodium, Water, and Chloride Balance | 110 | ||
| Isotonic Alterations | 110 | ||
| Hypertonic Alterations | 111 | ||
| Hypernatremia | 111 | ||
| Pathophysiology. | 111 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations. | 112 | ||
| Evaluation and Treatment. | 112 | ||
| Hypotonic Alterations | 112 | ||
| Hyponatremia | 113 | ||
| Pathophysiology. | 113 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations. | 113 | ||
| Evaluation and Treatment. | 113 | ||
| Hypochloremia | 114 | ||
| Alterations in Potassium, Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium Balance | 114 | ||
| Potassium | 114 | ||
| Hypokalemia | 115 | ||
| Pathophysiology. | 115 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations. | 116 | ||
| Evaluation and Treatment. | 116 | ||
| Hyperkalemia | 117 | ||
| Pathophysiology. | 117 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations. | 117 | ||
| Evaluation and Treatment. | 118 | ||
| Calcium and Phosphate | 119 | ||
| Hypocalcemia | 119 | ||
| Pathophysiology. | 119 | ||
| 2 Pathophysiologic Alterations: Organs and Systems | 433 | ||
| Unit V Pathophysiologic Alterations: Organs and Systems | 434 | ||
| 15 Structure and Function of the Neurologic System | 434 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 434 | ||
| Overview and Organization of the Nervous System | 434 | ||
| Cells of the Nervous System | 435 | ||
| Neurons | 435 | ||
| Neuroglia and Schwann Cells | 435 | ||
| Nerve Injury and Regeneration | 436 | ||
| Nerve Impulse | 438 | ||
| Synapses | 438 | ||
| Neurotransmitters | 438 | ||
| Central Nervous System | 439 | ||
| Brain | 439 | ||
| Forebrain | 441 | ||
| Telencephalon. | 441 | ||
| Diencephalon. | 446 | ||
| Midbrain (Mesencephalon) | 446 | ||
| Hindbrain | 447 | ||
| Metencephalon. | 447 | ||
| Myelencephalon. | 447 | ||
| Spinal Cord | 447 | ||
| Motor Pathways (Tracts) | 449 | ||
| Sensory Pathways | 450 | ||
| Protective Structures | 450 | ||
| Cranium | 450 | ||
| Meninges | 450 | ||
| Cerebrospinal Fluid and the Ventricular System | 450 | ||
| Vertebral Column | 451 | ||
| Blood Supply of the Central Nervous System | 452 | ||
| Blood Supply to the Brain | 452 | ||
| Blood-Brain Barrier | 454 | ||
| Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord | 454 | ||
| Peripheral Nervous System | 455 | ||
| Autonomic Nervous System | 456 | ||
| Anatomy of the Sympathetic Nervous System | 458 | ||
| Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Nervous System | 458 | ||
| Neurotransmitters and Neuroreceptors | 458 | ||
| Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System | 458 | ||
| Aging and the Nervous System | 461 | ||
| Tests of Nervous System Structure and Function | 462 | ||
| Skull and Spine Roentgenograms | 462 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 462 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 463 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Angiography | 463 | ||
| Positron-Emission Tomography Scan | 463 | ||
| Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography | 463 | ||
| Cerebral Angiography | 463 | ||
| Echoencephalography (Ultrasound) | 463 | ||
| Electroencephalography | 464 | ||
| Magnetoencephalography | 464 | ||
| Evoked Potentials | 464 | ||
| Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis | 464 | ||
| Summary Review | 465 | ||
| Overview and Organization of the Nervous System | 465 | ||
| Cells of the Nervous System | 465 | ||
| Nerve Impulse | 465 | ||
| Central Nervous System | 465 | ||
| Peripheral Nervous System | 466 | ||
| Autonomic Nervous System | 466 | ||
| Aging and the Nervous System | 466 | ||
| Tests of Nervous System Structure and Function | 466 | ||
| Key Terms | 466 | ||
| References | 467 | ||
| 16 Pain, Temperature Regulation, Sleep, and Sensory Function | 468 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 468 | ||
| Pain | 469 | ||
| Theories of Pain | 469 | ||
| Neuroanatomy of Pain | 469 | ||
| Pain Modulation | 472 | ||
| Pathways of Modulation | 472 | ||
| Neurotransmitters of Pain Modulation | 472 | ||
| Pain Threshold and Pain Tolerance | 473 | ||
| Clinical Descriptions of Pain | 474 | ||
| Acute Pain | 474 | ||
| Chronic Pain | 474 | ||
| An Overview of Chronic Pain Syndromes. | 475 | ||
| Pediatrics and Perception of Pain | 477 | ||
| Aging and Perception of Pain | 477 | ||
| Temperature Regulation | 477 | ||
| Control of Temperature | 478 | ||
| Mechanisms of Heat Production | 478 | ||
| Chemical Reactions of Metabolism. | 478 | ||
| Skeletal Muscle Contraction. | 478 | ||
| Chemical Thermogenesis. | 478 | ||
| Mechanisms of Heat Loss | 479 | ||
| Radiation. | 479 | ||
| Conduction. | 479 | ||
| Convection. | 479 | ||
| Vasodilation. | 479 | ||
| Decreased Muscle Tone. | 479 | ||
| Evaporation. | 479 | ||
| Increased Pulmonary Ventilation. | 480 | ||
| Glossary | 1599 | ||
| A | 1599 | ||
| B | 1602 | ||
| C | 1602 | ||
| D | 1604 | ||
| E | 1605 | ||
| F | 1606 | ||
| G | 1606 | ||
| H | 1607 | ||
| I | 1608 | ||
| J | 1609 | ||
| K | 1610 | ||
| L | 1610 | ||
| M | 1611 | ||
| N | 1612 | ||
| O | 1612 | ||
| P | 1613 | ||
| Q | 1615 | ||
| R | 1615 | ||
| S | 1616 | ||
| T | 1617 | ||
| U | 1618 | ||
| V | 1619 | ||
| W | 1619 | ||
| X | 1619 | ||
| Z | 1619 | ||
| Index | 1620 | ||
| A | 1620 | ||
| B | 1626 | ||
| C | 1629 | ||
| D | 1638 | ||
| E | 1641 | ||
| F | 1644 | ||
| G | 1646 | ||
| H | 1648 | ||
| I | 1653 | ||
| J | 1656 | ||
| K | 1657 | ||
| L | 1657 | ||
| M | 1660 | ||
| N | 1664 | ||
| O | 1666 | ||
| P | 1668 | ||
| Q | 1675 | ||
| R | 1675 | ||
| S | 1677 | ||
| T | 1682 | ||
| U | 1686 | ||
| V | 1687 | ||
| W | 1689 | ||
| X | 1689 | ||
| Y | 1690 | ||
| Z | 1690 | ||
| Endsheet 6-7 | IBC1 |