BOOK
Macleod's Clinical Diagnosis E-Book
Alan G Japp | Colin Robertson | Rohana J. Wright | Matthew Reed | Andrew Robson
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Macleod’s Clinical Diagnosis demonstrates how to apply the core clinical skills learned from the companion textbook Macleod’s Clinical Examination to maximum advantage. Charting the course from routine work-up to diagnosis, this book presents a modern and realistic approach to clinical assessment and explains how to integrate information obtained from the history, examination, bedside tests and specialised investigations.
- The first section Principles of clinical assessment examines different approaches to diagnosis, reviews the fundamental elements necessary for accurate patient assessment, provides a helpful template for a ‘routine workup’ and describes how to adapt the assessment to fit the clinical context.
- The second core section of the book Assessment of common presenting problems contains a series of ‘diagnostic guides’ that lead the reader, step-by-step through the major presenting problems in medicine and surgery, explaining how to recognise red flag features, eliminate life-threatening conditons and generate a logical differential diagnosis.
This book has been praised as an invaluable resource for senior medical students and junior doctors as they attempt to make the difficult transition from mastering basic clinical skills to assessing patients in the real world of clinical medicine.
- A unique book allowing a reader to apply the skills of clinical examination in the formulation of a differential diagnosis and placing a patient’s symptoms in context.
- Takes a problem-based approach to diagnostic reasoning, reflecting both modern medical and current educational practices.
- Builds on the clinical skills outlined in the companion Macleod’s Clinical Examination textbook.
For this Second Edition the text has been expanded with five new topics covering nausea and vomiting; vaginal bleeding; red eye; urinary incontinence; and weight loss.
Table of Contents
Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
---|---|---|---|
Front Cover | cover | ||
Macleod's Clinical Diagnosis | i | ||
Copyright Page | iv | ||
Table Of Contents | v | ||
Preface | vii | ||
Acknowledgements | viii | ||
Abbreviations | ix | ||
1 Principles of Clinical Assessment | 1 | ||
1 What’s in a diagnosis? | 3 | ||
From differential diagnosis to final diagnosis | 3 | ||
Probability and risk | 3 | ||
Special situations | 4 | ||
Medically unexplained symptoms | 4 | ||
Treatment before diagnosis | 5 | ||
The patient who comes with a diagnosis | 6 | ||
2 Assessing patients | 7 | ||
Introduction | 7 | ||
Rapid assessment of the sick patient | 7 | ||
Routine assessment of the stable patient: the full clinical assessment | 7 | ||
The history | 11 | ||
The clinical examination | 11 | ||
Additional steps | 14 | ||
Basic investigations | 15 | ||
Approach to the frail, elderly patient | 15 | ||
Specific tips for assessment of the elderly/frail patient | 15 | ||
Inspection | 16 | ||
3 The diagnostic process | 17 | ||
Diagnostic methods | 17 | ||
Pattern recognition | 17 | ||
Probability analysis | 17 | ||
A different approach: tailored diagnostic guides | 18 | ||
How to use the diagnostic guides | 19 | ||
2 Assessment of Common Presenting Problems | 22 | ||
4 Abdominal pain | 24 | ||
Differential diagnosis | 24 | ||
Acute abdominal pain | 24 | ||
Key questions | 24 | ||
What are the characteristics of the pain? | 24 | ||
Is there a systemic inflammatory response? | 25 | ||
Chronic/episodic abdominal pain | 28 | ||
Gastroduodenal disorders | 28 | ||
Gallstones | 28 | ||
Pancreatic pain | 28 | ||
Mesenteric ischaemia | 28 | ||
Inflammatory bowel disease | 29 | ||
Colon cancer | 29 | ||
Functional disorders | 29 | ||
Renal tract disorders | 29 | ||
Gynaecological conditions | 29 | ||
Other diagnostic possibilities | 29 | ||
Acute abdominal pain: overview | 30 | ||
Acute abdominal pain: step-by-step assessment | 31 | ||
Acute upper abdominal pain: overview | 34 | ||
Acute upper abdominal pain: step-by-step assessment | 35 | ||
Acute lower abdominal pain: overview | 38 | ||
Acute lower abdominal pain: step-by-step assessment | 39 | ||
Chronic/relapsing abdominal pain: overview | 42 | ||
Chronic/relapsing abdominal pain: step-by-step assessment | 43 | ||
5 Breast lump | 46 | ||
Differential diagnosis | 46 | ||
Breast cancer | 46 | ||
Breast abscess | 46 | ||
Fibroadenoma | 46 | ||
Fibrocystic change | 46 | ||
Fat necrosis | 47 | ||
Other causes | 47 | ||
Nipple lesions | 47 | ||
Male breast disease | 47 | ||
Overview | 48 | ||
Step-by-step assessment | 49 | ||
6 Chest pain | 50 | ||
Differential diagnosis | 50 | ||
Acute chest pain | 50 | ||
Acute coronary syndromes | 50 | ||
Aortic dissection | 50 | ||
Pulmonary embolism | 51 | ||
Acute pericarditis | 51 | ||
Gastro-oesophageal disorders | 51 | ||
Pneumothorax | 51 | ||
Pneumonia | 51 | ||
Musculoskeletal problems | 52 | ||
Anxiety | 52 | ||
Other causes | 52 | ||
Intermittent chest pain | 52 | ||
Angina pectoris | 52 | ||
Gastro-oesophageal disorders | 52 | ||
Musculoskeletal disorders | 53 | ||
Asthma | 53 | ||
Anxiety | 53 | ||
Clinical tool: the ECG in acute chest pain | 54 | ||
Acute chest pain: overview | 60 | ||
Acute chest pain: step-by-step assessment | 61 | ||
Acute chest pain: further assessment | 65 | ||
Further assessment of NSTEMI/ unstable angina | 65 | ||
Step 1 Identify critically unwell patients | 65 | ||
Step 2 Consider all potential factors contributing to myocardial ischaemia | 65 | ||
Step 3 Identify high-risk patients | 65 | ||
Step 4 Use cardiac biomarkers to differentiate unstable angina from NSTEMI | 65 | ||
Acute pleuritic pain: overview | 66 | ||
Acute pleuritic pain: step-by-step assessment | 67 | ||
Intermittent chest pain: overview | 68 | ||
Intermittent chest pain: step-by-step assessment | 69 | ||
Intermittent chest pain: further assessment | 71 | ||
Further assessment of suspected angina | 71 | ||
Step 1 Consider unstable angina and structural heart disease | 71 | ||
Step 2 Confirm or refute the diagnosis | 71 | ||
Step 3 Assess symptom severity and risk | 71 | ||
7 Coma and altered consciousness | 72 | ||
Differential diagnosis | 72 | ||
Metabolic causes | 72 | ||
Drugs/toxins | 72 | ||
CNS causes | 73 | ||
Organ failure | 73 | ||
Overview | 74 | ||
Step-by-step assessment | 75 | ||
8 Confusion | 78 | ||
Differential diagnosis | 78 | ||
Delirium | 78 | ||
Drugs | 78 | ||
Metabolic/physiological disturbance | 78 | ||
Infection | 78 | ||
Intracranial causes | 78 | ||
Appendix | 301 | ||
Index | 305 | ||
A | 305 | ||
B | 306 | ||
C | 307 | ||
D | 307 | ||
E | 308 | ||
F | 309 | ||
G | 309 | ||
H | 309 | ||
I | 310 | ||
J | 310 | ||
K | 311 | ||
L | 311 | ||
M | 311 | ||
N | 312 | ||
O | 312 | ||
P | 312 | ||
Q | 313 | ||
R | 313 | ||
S | 313 | ||
T | 314 | ||
U | 315 | ||
V | 315 | ||
W | 315 | ||
X | 315 | ||
Y | 315 |