Textbook Osteopathic Medicine

Mayer; Clive Standen

BOOK

Textbook Osteopathic Medicine

Mayer | Clive Standen

(2017)

Additional Information

Book Details

ISBN: 978-0-7020-5266-8
Edition
Language: German
Pages: 848
Subjects: Child welfare
Chiropractic & osteopathy

Abstract

For the first time, a 60-person team of internationally renowned editors and authors presents a textbook of osteopathic medicine that is oriented towards clinical symptoms.

Introductory chapters on history, philosophy and the spread of osteopathy are followed by a presentation of its scientific basis that clearly demonstrates how firmly osteopathy is rooted in science.

Further chapters cover osteopathic research, diagnosis and principles of treatment.

Two parts on therapeutic strategies in osteopathic practice form the core of this book.

The first is divided into regions of the body, the second into clinical specialties that offer opportunities for osteopathic treatment.

In both clinical parts, osteopathic therapy is presented in the entirety in which it is actually practiced - without the common but artificial separation of parietal, visceral and craniosacral treatment.

First, the clinical symptom is explained from a medical perspective, then the osteopathic perspective and and treatment is presented. Thus, the title is not only suitable for conveying a profound understanding of osteopaths in training, be they doctors or non-medical practitioners, but also as a clinical reference of osteopathic medicine for everyday treatment.

Section Title	Page	Action	Price
Front Cover	Cover
Textbook of Osteopathic Medicine	I
Textbook of Osteopathic Medicine	III
Copyright	IV
Foreword	V
Preface	VI
Contributors	VII
Abbreviations	XII
Illustration credits	XV
Contents	XVII
I\rHistory and Philosophy of Osteopathy	1
1\rIntroduction to the history of osteopathy	3
1.1\rOsteopathy – rapid development	3
1.2\rHistorical osteopathic research	3
1.3\rIntroduction to Section I	4
2\rScientific, cultural and political contexts in the 19th century	7
2.1\rPolitical and societal developments in the United States of the 19th century	8
2.2\rThe mental scope of opportunity of osteopathy	10
2.2.1\rReligious revivalist movements in the 19th century	10
2.2.2\rMethodism	11
2.2.3\rFreemasons, Swedenborgianism, spiritualism: esoteric metaphysics and alternative medicine	11
2.2.4\rThe transcendentalists	13
2.3\rDevelopments in medicine and science in the 19th century	14
2.3.1\r“Heroic” medicine and its opponents in the United States	14
2.3.2\rOn the development of science-based medicine	14
2.3.3\rTheory of evolution	15
3\rAndrew Taylor Still's development of osteopathic healthcare	19
3.1\rA. T. Still's European and American Indian ancestors	19
3.2\rSurviving the Missouri frontier – A. T. Still's childhood	20
3.3\rEvents leading up to the discovery of osteopathy	21
3.4\rDr William Smith comes to see Dr Still	25
3.5\rBeginnings of the first osteopathic school	25
3.6\rLittlejohn training and other internationals	26
4\rPhilosophical osteopathy	29
4.1\rOn the way to philosophical osteopathy	29
4.1.1\rPreliminary note	29
4.1.2\rHistory	30
4.1.3\rNotes on this chapter	30
4.2\rThe art of interpreting Still	30
4.2.1\rProblematic interpretation	31
4.2.2\rRequirements for analysing the texts by A.T. Still	32
4.2.3\rPhilosophy – an approach	32
4.3\rStill’s philosophical osteopathy	33
4.3.1\rScientific findings	33
4.3.2\rCraft rather than a manual trade	34
4.3.3\rStill’s language	34
4.3.4\rThe expression “Philosophy of Osteopathy”	37
4.3.5\rThe term “Philosophy”	37
4.4\rHypothesis	38
4.5\rConclusion	38
5\rJohn Martin Littlejohn: a visionary paradox	41
5.1\rThe Littlejohn family	41
5.2\rSocio-historical background	42
5.3\rSignificance of family ties	42
5.4\rThe osteopathic lesion	43
5.5\rSpecial relationship between John Martin Littlejohn and his brother, James Buchan Littlejohn	44
5.6\rBritish School of Osteopathy (BSO)	45
5.7\rConcluding remarks	46
6\rOsteopathy – the first 50 years	49
6.1\rOsteopathy's existential roots	49
6.2\rThe American School of Osteopathy	50
6.2.1\rFriends and enemies within	51
6.2.2\rAccountability in medicine	51
6.2.3\rIntegration	52
6.2.4\rInternational	53
6.2.5\rScope of osteopathic practice	53
6.2.6\rConsolidation and growth	53
7\rThe spread of osteopathy worldwide	55
7.1\rRelevance of the history	55
7.2\rA new medical profession – why bother?	56
7.3\rThe British experience	56
7.4\rOsteopathy in Europe	58
7.4.1\rFrance	58
7.4.2\rGermany	58
7.4.3\rIntroduction into other European countries	59
7.5\rSpread outside of Europe	59
7.5.1\rSouth America	59
7.5.2\rAustralia	59
7.5.3\rNew Zealand	59
7.5.4\rCanada	60
7.5.5\rJapan	60
7.5.6\rChina	60
7.5.7\rAfrica	60
7.6\rPutting it back together	60
7.7\rThe future	61
II\rScientific Basis of Osteopathy	63
8\rThe fascial system: embryology, organisation and composition	65
8.1\rThe embryonic origin of fascia	65
8.2\rFour fundamental fascial layers	70
8.2.1\rSuperficial fascia	70
8.2.2\rDeep or investing fascia	71
8.2.3\rMeningeal fascia	75
8.2.4\rVisceral fascia	75
8.3\rComponents of fascia	78
8.3.1\rFascial components	78
8.3.2\rRole of fascial components in mechanotransduction	81
9 Basic embryology from an osteopathic perspective	87
9.1\rPreimplantation development: from the fertilised egg cell to the blastocyst	88
9.1.1\rFertilisation	88
9.1.2\rCleavage (tube egg)	89
9.1.3\rCompacting (morula, blastomere egg) and polarisation	90
9.1.4\rBlastogenesis	90
9.1.5\rGenetic and epigenetic regulation using the example of primary implant development	90
9.2\rImplantation of the blastocyst and differentiation of the trophoblast and the embryoblast	92
9.2.1\rHatching of the blastocyst	92
9.2.2\rImplantation and differentiation of the trophoblasts	92
9.2.3\rDifferentiation of the embryoblasts	93
9.3\rGastrulation	94
9.3.1\rDetermination of the body axes	95
9.3.2\rFormation of the primitive streak and creation of the blastodermic layers	95
9.3.3\rDevelopment and significance of the notochord	97
9.4\rPrimary neurulation	97
9.5 Creation of the three-dimensional gestalt	99
9.6\rHolistic development concepts	101
9.6.1\rTripartite nature of human development	101
9.6.2\rKinetic embryology according to Blechschmidt	101
10\rCentral and peripheral, somatic and autonomic nervous systems	105
10.1\rDefinitions	105
10.2\rCentral nervous system	105
10.2.1\rGeneral	105
10.2.2\rSpinal cord	105
10.2.3\rBrain stem	107
10.2.4\rDiencephalon	109
10.2.5\rTelencephalon	111
10.2.6\rCerebellum	113
10.3\rPeripheral nervous system	114
10.4\rSomatic (cerebrospinal) nervous system	116
10.5\rAutonomic nervous system	116
11\rMechanotransduction: from the cellular level to the whole body	119
11.1\rPassive biomechanics: mostly no sufficient explanation	119
11.2\rFibroblasts – the builders of fascial structures	120
11.3\rHow do fibroblasts detect our mechanical stimulation?	120
11.4\rImpact on the constitution of the cellular dynamics	121
11.5\rWhich mechanical stimulation causes which fibroblast reaction?	121
11.6\rImpact of other factors on cellular dynamics	123
11.7\rMyofascial force transmission at a regional level	123
11.8\rMulti-jointed myofascial chains	124
12\rNeurobiological principles of osteopathy	127
12.1\rConceptual principles – the mind-body problem	127
12.2\rThe complementarity principle for the understanding of the mind-body unit and phenomenological duality	128
12.3\rNeurobiological aspects	129
12.3.1\rRegulation of peripheral perception and central representations of interoceptive signals	129
12.3.2\rThe equivalence of reality and imagination in the brain	131
12.3.3\rThe significance of the autonomic nervous system	131
12.3.4\rNeuroimmunological aspects	132
13\rSocial competence and mindfulness in osteopathy	137
13.1\rTerminology of mindfulness	137
13.2\rUse of mindfulness	139
13.2.1\rUse of mindfulness by osteopaths	139
13.2.2\rUse of mindfulness by patients	139
13.3\rCompetence through mindfulness	140
13.4\rMindfulness and osteopathy in the biodynamic field	141
13.5\rMindfulness and emotions	142
13.6\rMindfulness and empathy	143
13.7\rMindfulness and social competence	145
14 Psychotherapy and osteopathy	147
14.1\rTerms	147
14.2\rPsychotherapy and osteopathy	148
14.2.1\rPsychotherapy	148
14.2.2\rOsteopathy	149
14.3\rElements of the relationship between psychotherapy and osteopathy	149
14.3.1\rTransfers	149
14.3.2\rCompensation and decompensation	150
14.3.3\rAutonomic nervous system	150
14.3.4\rFasciae, interoceptive and exteroceptive effects	150
14.3.5\rSomato and emotio	150
14.3.6\rEmotion	151
14.3.7\rFeelings	151
14.3.8\rLinks and storing	152
14.3.9\rExample	152
14.4\rTreatment approaches	152
14.4.1\rBiodynamics	152
14.4.2\rFocusing	153
14.4.3\rPsychosomatoform example of treatment	153
14.5\rEvidence-based medicine	154
14.6\rPlacebo and nocebo	154
14.7\rTrauma	155
14.8\rConclusions	156
15\rAn anthropo-ecological narrative	159
15.1\rOsteopathy's commitment to the “medical model”	159
15.2\rHolistic thinking	160
15.3\rThe centrality of relations	161
15.4\rAetiological and ecological medicine	161
15.5\rHuman agency	164
III\rOsteopathic Research	167
16\rOsteopathic research – evolution of a research tradition	169
16.1\rEarly osteopathic research	169
16.2\rMusculoskeletal disorders	170
16.3\rWomen's health	171
16.4\rImmune system functions	172
16.5\rSystemic disorders and physiologic functions	172
16.6\rPaediatrics	173
16.7\rFuture research directions	173
17\rStatistical principles in research	177
17.1\rStatistical principles	177
17.1.1\rDefinition of terms	177
17.1.2\rHypotheses	178
17.1.3\rType I and type II errors	178
17.2\rData in statistical evaluations	179
17.2.1\rClassification of data	179
17.2.2\rProbabilities	180
17.2.3\rDegrees of freedom	180
17.3\rDescriptive statistics	180
17.3.1\rGraphic representation of data	181
17.3.2\rFigures	181
17.3.3\rDistribution of data	182
17.4\rInductive statistics	182
17.4.1\rStudent-t test	183
17.4.2\rVariance analysis (ANOVA)	183
17.4.3\rNon-parametric tests	184
17.4.4\rSearch for correlations	184
18\rPrinciples of qualitative and quantitative research methods	187
18.1\rDifferences between qualitative and quantitative methods	187
18.2\rMethod triangulation	189
18.3\rSurveys as a tool of qualitative and quantitative research	189
18.3.1\rDesign of a questionnaire	189
18.4\rQuantitative and qualitative methods of data collection	192
18.4.1\rQuestionnaire	192
18.4.2\rQualitative interviews	192
18.5\rEvaluation and analysis of qualitative data	194
18.6\rQuality criteria for quantitative and qualitative research	195
18.6.1\rQuality criteria in quantitative research	195
18.6.2\rQuality criteria in qualitative research	196
19\rPrinciples of osteopathic treatment evaluation	197
19.1\rExamining practice	197
19.1.1\rPractice-based data collection	198
19.1.2\rWhy is standardised data collection useful?	198
19.1.3\rHow can standardised data collection be undertaken in a practice?	198
19.2\rClinical Audit	198
19.2.1\rDevelopment	198
19.2.2\rDefinition	199
19.2.3\rClinical governance	199
19.2.4\rBenefits	199
19.2.5\rResearch, audit, service evaluation, and data collection	200
19.2.6\rEthics	200
19.2.7\rContent	201
19.2.8\rWhere does clinical audit fit in osteopathy?	201
19.2.9\rProcess	201
19.3\rFurther sources of information	206
19.3.1\rPatient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and audit	206
19.4\rClinical audit in practice – a worked example	207
19.5\rGlossary of terms	209
IV\rDiagnosis and General Osteopathic Treatment	213
Patient History, Examination and Diagnosis	215
20\rThe patient’s history from an osteopathic perspective	215
20.1\rModels of the consultation – an overview	215
20.2\rThe osteopathic history	216
20.3\rApproaches to information gathering	217
20.4\rStyles of history taking	217
20.5\rDifficulties and issues in eliciting a history from the patient	218
20.6 Components of an osteopathic history	219
20.6.1\rPresenting complaint or reason for being there	219
20.6.2\rDifferent types of questions	219
20.6.3\rThe context of the history	220
20.6.4\rThe focus of the history	220
20.7\rHumour	221
20.8\rExamples	221
21\rThe art of palpation	223
21.1\rDefinitions	223
21.2\rOsteopathic elements of perception	223
21.3\rOsteopathic elements of interoception	224
21.4\rLevels of palpation	224
21.4.1\rStructure	225
21.4.2\rTissue	225
21.4.3\rMovement	226
21.4.4\rRhythm	226
21.4.5\rFluids	227
21.4.6\rEnergetics	228
21.4.7\rCommunication	229
21.5\rTraditional perspective of osteopathic palpation	231
21.6\rPalpation training	232
21.7\rIntuition and implicit knowledge	232
21.7.1\rScientific principles of intuition	232
21.7.2 Training on intuition:	232
21.7.3\rBarriers to intuition	232
21.7.4\rPractical tips to improve intuition in osteopathy	233
21.7.5\rIntuition as a psychological process	233
21.8\rIntuition and the “metapersonal space”	233
21.8.1\rThe term “metapersonal space”	233
21.8.2\rThe osteopathic perspective in the metapersonal space	234
21.9\rWhat is the art of palpation?	234
21.9.1\rHow do you become an expert in palpation?	234
21.9.2\rHow can you train your palpation skills systematically?	234
21.9.3\rIs there an art in palpation and if so what is it?	235
22\rScientific principles of palpation	237
22.1\rHaptics: the science of touch perception	237
22.2\rExteroception	238
22.3\rHaptic versus tactile perception	238
22.4\rProprioception	239
22.5\rInteroception	240
22.6 Thresholds of the haptic system	241
22.7\rThe Haptic Threshold Test	241
22.8\rVibration	242
22.9\rTemperature	243
22.10\rReceptors in the haptic system	245
22.11\rCortical processes of the haptic system	245
22.12\rThe haptic system across the lifespan	246
22.13\rTraining of the haptic system	246
22.13.1\rLeipzig haptic training	248
23\rScreening – scanning – examination	251
23.1\rCompensation – adaptation – decompensation	251
23.2\rScreening	252
23.2.1\rVisual screening	252
23.2.2\rGeneral listening	252
23.2.3\rParietal screening	254
23.2.4\rCraniosacral screening	255
23.2.5\rThermal diagnosis according to Barral	255
23.3\rScanning	257
23.3.1\rGeneral scanning procedures	257
23.3.2\rVisceral scanning	258
23.3.3\rCraniosacral scanning	258
23.3.4\rParietal scanning	259
23.3.5\rFacilitated segment	260
23.4\rAlgorithms	261
23.5\rFinal comments	262
24\rPrimary lesion, key lesion, sequencing	265
24.1\rHistorical perspective	265
24.2\rThe screening examination	265
24.2.1\rExamination procedure	266
24.2.2\rInterpretation of screening data	267
24.2.3\rTreatment outcomes	268
25\rOsteopathy: red and yellow flags	271
25.1\rRed and yellow flags	271
25.2\rGeneral points	271
25.3\rFactors relating to the patient’s condition	272
25.4\rRed and yellow flags in relation to the type of technique applied	272
25.4.1\rContraindications to direct techniques	274
25.4.2\rContraindications to indirect techniques	274
26\rHow to work with the anthropo-ecological narrative in clinical use	277
26.1\rUtility, capacity and organ	277
26.2\rHuman being as a narrative	280
26.2.1\rPerson-centred	280
26.2.2\rPerformative human agency	281
26.2.3\rOsteopathic clinical application	282
26.2.4\rOsteopathic focus	283
General Osteopathic Treatment	285
27\rPrinciples for osteopathic treatment	285
27.1\rGoals and learning objectives	285
27.2\rOsteopathic prescription	285
27.3\rDistinctive osteopathic treatment principles	286
27.4\rGeneral principles of treatment	287
27.5\rTreatment principles built on the four osteopathic tenets	289
27.6\rTreatment principles focus on the five osteopathic healthcare models	289
27.7\rImplementing treatment principles using integrated approaches	291
27.8\rTreatment principles related to how, where and why to apply osteopathic care	293
27.9\rTreatment principles related to OMT techniques	298
28\rSelf-recovery processes and osteopathic care: towards a process approach	303
28.1\rWhy do we need a new clinical model?	303
28.2\rThe three recovery processes	304
28.3\rOverlapping processes	305
28.4\rRecovery environments and behaviour	305
28.4.1\rBehaviour and repair environment	306
28.4.2\rBehaviour and adaptation environment	306
28.4.3\rBehaviour and alleviation of symptoms	307
28.5\rMultidimensional recovery environment	308
28.6\rObstacles to recovery	308
28.7\rFunctioncise and self-care	309
28.8\rRole of osteopathic techniques in a process approach	310
29\rThe history of osteopathic techniques	315
29.1\rBackground	315
29.2\rStill and manipulative techniques	315
29.3\rBeyond the joint-complexes in the early days of osteopathy	316
29.4\rThe ligaments …. and the fascia	317
29.5\rThe development of fascial techniques	319
29.6\rReflex-based techniques	320
29.7\rHistorical reflection: “to pop or not to pop”	320
29.8\rFrom exaggeration to indirect	320
29.9\rMuscles	321
29.10\rModern “Still techniques”	322
29.11\rClassification of osteopathic techniques	322
30\rOsteopathy and exercises	327
30.1\rWhat are “osteopathic exercises”?	327
30.2\rApplicability of osteopathic exercises in practice	327
30.2.1\rGeneral	327
30.2.2\rOsteopathic exercises according to Fulford	328
30.3\rOsteopathic self-treatment	330
30.3.1\rBasic structure of the exercise sequences	330
30.3.2\rInclusion of exercises in osteopathic treatment concepts	332
30.3.3\rCentring exercise	340
31\rOsteopathy and other complementary/traditional methods	343
31.1\rDefinitions	343
31.1.1\rComplementary medicine	343
31.1.2\rConventional medicine	343
31.1.3\rNatural medicine	343
31.1.4\rTraditional methods	343
31.2\rPrinciples of biological medicine	344
31.2.1\rConnective tissue – linking and information	344
31.2.2\rAcid-base regulation	345
31.3\rRegulatory methods	346
31.3.1\rDiagnosis	347
31.3.2\rPurifying therapies	348
31.3.3\rRegulating methods	351
31.3.4\rPurifying and regulatory methods: homotoxicology	354
31.4\rPhytotherapy	356
32\rBest practice in osteopathy and osteopathic medicine	359
32.1\rDifferent approaches to analysing “best practice”	359
32.2\rBest practice within the regulatory context	360
32.3\rBest practice in the context of education and accreditation of educational programmes	360
32.3.1\rThe regulator	360
32.3.2\rThe educational provider	360
32.3.3\rThe professional association(s)	361
32.3.4\rCollective “educational best practice”	361
32.4\rSignificance of osteopathy	361
32.4.1\rRole of osteopathy in the eyes of the profession	361
32.4.2\rRole of osteopathy in the eyes of WHO	362
32.5\rCommon core competencies	362
32.6\rCore competencies for osteopathic physicians	362
32.7\rGood practice in osteopathy	363
32.8\rNarratives for best practice	363
32.8.1\rBest practice is a process	364
32.8.2\rBest practice and system theory	364
32.8.3\rConcept of clinical practice in osteopathy	365
32.8.4\rBest practice and your osteopathic attitude	365
32.8.5\rBecoming an osteopathic expert	366
V\rClinical Management in Osteopathic Practice: Body Regions	369
33\rIntroduction: clinical management in osteopathic practice	371
33.1\rFundamental observations	371
33.2\rStructure of sections V and VI	371
33.3\rAre there diagnostic and therapeutic differences between medical osteopaths and osteopaths?	372
Head and Face	373
34\rHeadaches from a neurological perspective	373
34.1\rHeadaches with an acute need for action	373
34.1.1\rIncrease in cerebral pressure	373
34.1.2\rSubarachnoid haemorrhage	374
34.1.3\rOther brain haemorrhages	374
34.1.4\rMeningitis	375
34.1.5\rBrain tumour	375
34.1.6\rGiant-cell arteritis	375
34.1.7\rAcute glaucoma	375
34.2\rPrimary headaches	375
34.2.1\rMigraine	375
34.2.2\rTension-type headache	376
34.2.3\rTrigeminal autonomic cephalalgias	376
34.2.4\rOther primary headaches	377
34.3\rSecondary headaches	377
34.3.1\rHeadache attributed to trauma	377
34.3.2\rHeadache attributed to cranial or cervical vascular disorder	378
34.3.3\rHeadaches attributed to non-vascular intracranial disorders	378
34.3.4\rHeadache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal	378
34.3.5\rHeadache attributed to infection	378
34.3.6\rHeadache attributed to disorders of homoeostasis	378
34.3.7\rHeadache or facial pain	378
34.3.8\rHeadache attributed to psychiatric disorders	379
34.4\rAtypical facial pain and cranial neuropathies	379
35\rHeadaches from an osteopathic perspective	381
35.1\rCompensation – adaptation – decompensation	382
35.1.1\rDecompensation causes pain	382
35.2\rThe role of the dura mater	383
35.3\rHeadaches as decompensated dura	384
35.3.1\rHeadaches which also include a psychosomatic cause	384
35.3.2\rPrimary dysfunctions of the dura mater in infants	385
35.4\rIdentification of the primary dysfunction through palpation of the layers	386
35.5\rHeadaches with maintained compensation	386
35.6\rCommon causal factors in headaches	386
35.6.1\rCranium	386
35.6.2\rCraniocervical junction	387
35.6.3\rSacrum and coccyx	387
35.6.4\rLower extremities	387
35.6.5\rSpine	388
35.6.6\rUpper extremities	388
35.6.7\rDiaphragms	388
35.6.8\rViscera	388
35.7\rOsteopathic perspective of certain types of headache	388
35.7.1\rMigraine	388
35.7.2\rTension-type headache	388
35.7.3\rCervicogenic headaches	389
35.7.4\rTrigeminal neuralgia	389
35.7.5\rAtypical facial pain	389
35.7.6\rCluster headaches	389
35.7.7\rMedication-induced headaches	389
36\rDizziness from a medical and osteopathic perspective	393
36.1\rCase history	393
36.2\rClinical diagnosis	394
36.2.1\rMethod	394
36.3\rCauses of dizziness and osteopathic treatment approaches	396
36.3.1\rInternal diseases	396
36.3.2\rPeripheral vestibular disorders	397
36.3.3\rCentral vestibular disorders	399
36.3.4\rOcular disorders	399
36.3.5\rDisorders of the position of the head and body, vertebrogenic dizziness, postural instability	400
36.3.6\rStomatognathic system	400
36.3.7\rTraumas	400
36.3.8\rPsychological illnesses	401
36.3.9\rDizziness in childhood	401
36.3.10\rDizziness in elderly people	402
37\rMouth, jaw and facial pain from a dental perspective	405
37.1\rDental pain from the perspective of conservative and periotondontological dentistry	405
37.2\rAtypical odontalgia	409
37.3\rThe “neurological tooth”	409
37.4\rCraniomandibular dysfunction	409
37.5\rHeadaches	414
38\rFacial pain from a perspective of ENT medicine	417
38.1\rSinusitis	417
38.2\rNasal contact points	418
38.3\rNasal obstruction	418
38.4\rEar pain	418
38.5\rTemporomandibular joint disorders	418
38.6\rToothache	419
38.7\rPatient’s history and diagnostics	419
38.7.1\rMedication history	419
38.7.2\rExamination	419
38.7.3\rFurther investigations	420
39\rTemporomandibular joint and facial pain from an osteopathic perspective	421
39.1\rOrofacial ontogenesis	422
39.1.1\rAnatomy and function	422
39.1.2\rNeurophysiology of facial pain	423
39.1.3\rConclusion	424
39.2\rFacial pain: symptoms and causes	425
39.2.1\rAcute facial pain	425
39.2.2\rAcute temporomandibular joint pain	426
39.2.3\rChronic idiopathic facial pain	427
39.3\rThe temporomandibular joint and its chains	428
39.4\rTreatment	429
39.4.1\rAcute facial and temporomandibular joint pain	429
39.4.2\rChronic idiopathic facial pain	430
Neck and Shoulder	435
40\rPain in the shoulders and the neck from an orthopaedic perspective	435
40.1\rThe shoulder/neck region	435
40.1.1\rAnatomical principles	435
40.1.2\rLocal symptoms	435
40.1.3\rRadiating symptoms	435
40.2\rThe pectoral girdle	436
40.2.1\rDisorders in the region of the bony connections in the pectoral girdle	437
41\rPain in the shoulders and the neck from an osteopathic perspective	443
41.1\rThe shoulder/neck region	443
41.1.1\rCauses of symptoms	443
41.2\rThe pectoral girdle	445
41.2.1\rAnatomical principles	445
41.2.2\rCauses of symptoms	446
41.3\rRed and yellow flags for the osteopathic treatment of the cervical spine	450
Upper Limbs	453
42\rFunctional and structural disorders of the upper limb from an orthopaedic perspective	453
42.1\rShoulder	453
42.1.1\rAcromioclavicular joint (AC joint)	453
42.1.2\rGlenohumeral joint	454
42.1.3\rScapula	456
42.2\rUpper arm	456
42.3\rElbows	457
42.4\rForearm	458
42.5\rWrist and hand	459
43\rLemniscatic activity in upper limb tissues	463
43.1\rNote	463
43.2\rIntroduction	463
43.3\rDescription	464
43.4\rLemniscatic activity of the tissue	465
43.5\rThe “find it” protocol – an introduction to the diagnostic strategy	466
43.6\rThe “fix it” protocol – an introduction to the therapeutic strategy	467
The Thorax	469
44\rThoracic pain from an internal medicine perspective	469
44.1\rDifferential diagnosis for thoracic pain	469
44.2\rCardiovascular causes of thoracic pain	470
44.2.1\rCoronary artery disease	470
44.2.2\rAortic dissection	472
44.2.3\rMyocarditis and pericarditis	474
44.3\rPulmonary causes of thoracic pain	475
44.3.1\rPulmonary embolism	475
44.3.2\rPneumothorax	476
44.3.3\rPneumonia	477
44.4\rGastrointestinal causes of thoracic pain	477
44.4.1\rGastro-oesophageal reflux disease	477
44.4.2\rMotility disorder	477
44.4.3\rHypersensitive oesophagus	478
44.4.4\rOesophageal rupture	478
44.4.5\rOther gastrointestinal causes	478
44.5\rMusculoskeletal causes	478
44.5.1\rCostochondritis (Tietze syndrome)	478
44.5.2\rHerniated disc	479
44.6\rHerpes zoster	479
45\rThoracic pain from an orthopaedic perspective	481
45.1\rExamination process	481
45.2\rDiagnostic methods	482
45.3\rCauses of thoracic pain from an orthopaedic perspective	482
45.3.1\rCongenital deformities	482
45.3.2\rAcquired deformities	484
45.3.3\rAcquired functional diseases	486
45.4\rYellow flags thoracic pain	488
45.5\rRed flags thoracic pain	488
46\rThoracic pain from an osteopathic perspective	491
46.1\rDefinitions	491
46.1.1\rChest	491
46.1.2\rPain	491
46.1.3\rOsteopathic perspective	492
46.2\rChest functions	492
46.2.1\rThe chest as a protective cage	492
46.2.2\rThe chest and respiration	492
46.2.3\rThe chest and gait	493
46.2.4\rThe chest and the fascial system	493
46.2.5\rThe chest and the nervous system	493
46.2.6\rThe chest as a transit station	495
46.2.7\rThe chest and the immune system	496
46.2.8\rThoracic pain and emotions	496
46.3\rClinical access	498
46.3.1\rMedical exclusion diagnostics	498
46.3.2\rOsteopathic examination	499
46.3.3\rTreatment	501
Pulmonary Disorders	503
47\rManagement of respiratory dysfunction	503
47.1\rWhy breathing dysfunction is important to osteopaths	503
47.2\rFunctions and dysfunctions of breathing	503
47.2.1\rDefining functional and dysfunctional breathing	503
47.2.2\rDimensions of dysfunctional breathing	504
47.3\rClinical relevance of dysfunctional breathing	506
47.3.1\rMusculoskeletal pain and dysfunction	506
47.3.2\rBreathing and homeostatic oscillations	507
47.3.3\rDysfunctional breathing in various diseases	507
47.4\rAn integrated and comprehensive approach to breathing assessment	509
47.4.1\rBreathing symptoms	509
47.4.2\rAssessing hyperventilation	509
47.4.3\rAssessing breathing pattern dysfunctions	510
47.5\rIntegrated breathing treatment	511
47.5.1\rCorrecting Mouth Breathing	511
47.5.2\rCorrecting hyperventilation	511
47.5.3\rRestoring optimal breathing patterns	512
47.5.4\rLearning principles applied to breathing retraining	513
48\rPulmonary disorders from an osteopathic perspective	517
48.1\rVentilation	517
48.2\rAnatomy	518
48.2.1\rNasopharynx	518
48.2.2\rTrachea and bronchi	518
48.2.3\rPleura	519
48.2.4\rLungs	520
48.3\rThe lungs and airways	520
48.3.1\rVasculature	520
48.3.2\rFascial chains	520
48.3.3\rNew “ligaments”	521
48.3.4\rLymphatics of the lungs and airways	521
48.3.5\rControl of breathing	523
48.3.6\rInnervation	524
48.3.7\rMobility of the lungs	524
48.3.8\rMotility of the lungs	525
48.3.9\rIndications to evaluate and treat the lungs and airways	525
Abdominal Region	527
49\rAbdominal pain from an internal medicine perspective	527
49.1\rNeurophysiology of abdominal nociception	527
49.1.1\rGeneral information on visceral nociception	528
49.1.2\rOrganisation of the abdominal afferents	528
49.2\rPatient history and physical examination	530
49.2.1\rSymptoms	530
49.2.2\rPatient history	531
49.2.3\rPhysical examination	531
49.3\rPain topography and nature of the pain	532
49.3.1\rTopography	532
49.3.2\rNature of the pain	533
49.4\rAbdominal pain and pathogenesis	538
49.5\rThe road to a diagnosis	543
49.6\rFunctional pain and discomfort syndromes	546
49.6.1\rEpidemiology of chronic visceral pain	546
49.7\rOsteopathic manual medicine (OMM) in patients with abdominal pain	548
50\rPain in the upper abdomen from an osteopathic perspective	551
50.1\rThe body as a unit	551
50.2\rThe osteopathic diagnosis	551
50.2.1\rThe role of the hand	551
50.2.2\rPrimarity	551
50.3\rIndications for osteopathic treatment	556
50.3.1\rAdhesions	556
50.3.2\rPain caused by the spine	556
50.3.3\rLinks between posture and emotion	557
50.3.4\rViscero-emotional links	557
50.3.5\rVisceral manipulations of the emotions	559
51\rLower abdominal pain from an osteopathic perspective	561
51.1\rEvidence-based diagnostic methods	561
51.2\rAbdominal pain	562
51.2.1\rPalpatory landmarks of the abdomen	562
51.2.2\rAnatomy of the sigmoid and rectum	562
51.2.3\rDiagnostic tests	562
51.2.4\rAdhesions	563
51.3\rChronic pain as a diagnosis	563
51.3.1\rMechanical chains	563
51.3.2\rChapman’s reflexes	564
51.4\rThe lymphatic drainage of the abdominal organs	565
51.4.1\rLymphatic fluid from the intersticium	566
51.4.2\rActive and passive lymphatic pump forces	567
51.4.3\rAbdominal viscera lymph drainage	567
Lower Back	569
52\rLower back pain from an epidemiological perspective	569
52.1\rEpidemiology	569
52.1.1\rDefinition	569
52.1.2\rInterpretation of epidemiological data	569
52.1.3\rLifetime prevalence	570
52.1.4\rOne-year prevalence	571
52.1.5\rFurther prevalence	571
52.1.6\rPoint prevalence	571
52.1.7\rChronic back pain	572
52.1.8\rQuality of life	573
52.2\rCosts caused by back pain	574
53\rLower back pain from a multimodal perspective	579
53.1\rClassification of lower back pain	579
53.2\rDiagnosis of lower back pain	580
53.2.1\rPatient history	580
53.2.2\rPhysical examination	580
53.2.3\rPsychological examination	581
53.2.4\rImaging diagnostics	581
53.2.5\rFurther diagnostic procedures	582
53.2.6\rSynopsis of the examination results in patients with lower back pain	582
53.3\rTreatment of lower back pain	583
54\rNon-specific back pain from an osteopathic perspective	587
54.1\rDevelopment of back pain	587
54.2\rBack pain: red and yellow flags	588
54.3\rTreatment of non-specific lower back pain	589
54.3.1\rFunctional dysfunctions of the pelvic girdle	589
54.3.2\rFunctional dysfunctions of the lumbar spine	590
54.3.3\rMyofascial system and back pain	590
54.3.4\rVisceral system	591
54.3.5\rCraniosacral system	592
The Pelvis	597
55\rPain in the lesser pelvis in women from a gynaecological perspective	597
55.1\rCauses of acute lower abdominal pain	597
55.1.1\rInfections of the lesser pelvis	597
55.1.2\rOther causes of acute lower abdominal pain	599
55.2\rCauses of chronic lower abdominal pain	602
55.2.1\rDysmenorrhoea	602
55.2.2\rEndometriosis	602
55.2.3\rMyomatous uterus	603
55.2.4\rBenign adnex tumours	603
55.2.5\rRetention cysts (pseudocysts!)	605
55.2.6\rCysts in the Wolffian ducts	605
55.2.7\rPelvic floor diseases	606
55.2.8\rRetrograde menstruation	607
55.2.9\rMalignoma of the female genitalia	607
55.2.10\rOther causes of chronic lower abdominal pain	608
55.3\rPsychological causes of lower abdominal pain	609
56\rPain in the female pelvis from an osteopathic perspective	611
56.1\rPain in the female pelvis	611
56.1.1\rAcute pain in the female pelvis	611
56.1.2\rChronic pain	612
56.1.3\rCurrent treatment approach	613
56.2\rAnatomy of the female pelvis and links	613
56.3\rOsteopathic approach	615
56.3.1\rPatient history	615
56.3.2\rExamination	615
56.3.3\rTreatment planning and treatment objective	615
56.3.4\rIndications for treatment	616
56.4\rCase reports	619
57\rPain in the male pelvis from an osteopathic perspective	621
57.1\rDefinition	621
57.2\rAnatomy	622
57.3\rPelvic floor as the “hub” of the pelvic ring	622
57.3.1\rPelvic floors and pelvic organs	622
57.3.2\rPelvic floors and the coccyx	625
57.3.3\rPelvic floor and ligaments	625
57.3.4\rPelvic floor and hip joints	625
57.4\rAccess routes for osteopathic treatment	626
57.5\rSymptoms in patients with pelvic floor dysfunctions	628
57.5.1\rBiomechanical decompensation	628
57.5.2\rPsychosomatic decompensation	628
57.6\rOsteopathy and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS)	629
Lower Limbs	631
58\rFunctional/structural dysfunction of the lower extremities from a medical perspective	631
58.1\rUpright gait	631
58.2\rAnatomical requirements	631
58.2.1\rBone-related requirements	631
58.2.2\rMuscular requirements	633
58.2.3\rImplementation in the gait	636
58.3\rDysfunctional chains	636
58.4\rPrinciples of treatment	637
58.4.1\rInhibition of pathological patterns of movement	637
58.4.2\rFacilitation of the physiological movement patterns	638
58.5\rRed flags	639
58.6\rInserts or orthoses	640
59\rLemniscatic activity in lower limb tissues	643
59.1\rNote	643
59.2\rIntroduction	643
59.3\rDescription	643
59.4\rLink between the limbs and the entire body	645
VI\rClinical Management in Osteopathic Practice: Special Disciplines	647
Osteopathy and Paediatrics	647
60\rDevelopmental disorders from a neuropaediatric perspective	649
60.1\rDevelopmental disorders	649
60.2\rPrinciples of examination procedures in neuropaediatrics	650
60.3\rRational diagnosis of developmental disorders	651
60.3.1\rPatient history	651
60.3.2\rClinical examination	651
60.3.3\rAdditional diagnostic procedures	652
60.4\rCauses of developmental disorders	653
60.5\rClinical differential diagnosis of developmental disorders in infancy	654
60.5.1\rNeurokinesiological diagnosis	654
60.5.2\rThe postural responses	655
60.5.3\rDisturbances of central coordination	655
60.5.4\rInclusion of neonatal reflexology	656
60.5.5\rNeurokinesiological diagnosis in osteopathy	656
60.6\rDiagnosis of a developmental disorder and its consequences	657
60.7\rTreatment measures which support development	657
61\rDevelopmental disorders in children from an osteopathic perspective	661
61.1\rThe neurological concept of osteopathic care	661
61.1.1\rSensorimotor Mapping	661
61.1.2\rAllostatic load	662
61.1.3\rOsteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) for the child with developmental disabilities	663
61.1.4\rSensory processing disorder (SPD)	665
61.1.5\rAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)	666
61.1.6\rAutism	667
62\rAn osteopathic perspective on treating children with infections	671
62.1\rThe respiratory circulatory concept of osteopathic care	671
62.2\rThe low-pressure lymphatic circulatory system	671
62.2.1\rStudies on the efficacy of lymphatic techniques	672
62.3\rClinical application in children	673
62.4\rOtitis media	673
62.4.1\rFunctional anatomy	673
62.4.2\rOsteopathic care	676
62.5\rSinusitis	678
62.5.1\rFunctional anatomy	678
62.5.2\rOsteopathic care	678
62.6\rPulmonary infections	679
62.6.1\rFunctional anatomy	680
62.6.2\rOsteopathic care of the child with respiratory infection	680
Osteopathy and Geriatrics	683
63\rMultimorbidity in elderly patients from an internal medicine perspective	683
63.1\rEpidemiology	683
63.2\rMultimorbidity	684
63.3\rPolypharmacy	685
63.4\rMusculoskeletal system	686
63.4.1\rGait disorder	686
63.4.2\rRisk of falling	686
63.4.3\rLimb joints	686
63.5\rFrailty	687
63.6\rSarcopenia and osteoporosis	688
63.7\rCognitive disorders	688
63.8\rOsteopathic manual medicine in elderly patients	691
63.8.1\rMusculoskeletal system	691
63.8.2\rViscera	691
63.8.3\rArterial hypertension and diabetes	692
63.9\rCompetence of osteopathic medicine in geriatric medicine	692
Osteopathy and Psychology	699
64\rPsychosomatic presentations	699
64.1\rMind-body dualism	699
64.2\rModels of psychosomatic processes	700
64.3\rClassification of psychosomatic syndromes	702
64.4\rManagement	703
64.5\rApproach to treatment	704
64.6\rDiscussion	705
65\rEmbodiment and self-management according to the Zurich Resource Model (ZRM)	709
65.1\rEmbodiment	709
65.2\rThe Zurich Resource Model (ZRM)	709
65.2.1\rResources	711
65.2.2\rResource development	711
65.2.3\rSelf-congruence diagnosis	712
65.3\rEmbodiment in ZRM training and use in osteopathy	712
65.4\rCase report from osteopathic rehabilitation	714
66\rPsychiatric disorders from an osteopathic perspective	717
66.1\rGeneral considerations	717
66.1.1\rCounselling and psychotherapeutic skills	718
66.1.2\rHistoric features of osteopathic psychiatry	718
66.1.3\rControversies in the use of touch	719
66.2\rPsychiatric disorders where osteopathic manipulative treatment is most likely indicated	720
66.2.1\rAnxiety disorders	720
66.2.2\rPost-traumatic stress disorder	722
66.2.3\rDepressive disorders	723
66.2.4\rSomatic symptom disorder (formerly somatoform disorders)	724
66.3\rPsychiatric disorders where touch therapies are questionable	726
66.3.1\rSchizophrenia, major mood disorders, delirium, and dementia	726
66.3.2\rParkinson's disease	726
66.3.3\rPersonality disorders	727
66.4\rDiscussion	727
66.5\rThe future	728
Rheumatology	729
67\rDifferential diagnosis from a rheumatological perspective	729
67.1\rArthrosis/arthritis	729
67.2\rCase history	730
67.2.1\rGeneral symptoms of disease	730
67.2.2\rInitial occurrence of symptoms	730
67.2.3\rPain history	731
67.2.4\rOrgan manifestations	732
67.2.5\rChange to statics and gait	732
67.2.6\rImpairments and disabilities	734
67.3\rExamination	734
67.3.1\rLaboratory tests	734
67.3.2\rImaging techniques	735
67.4\rDifferential diagnosis of inflammatory diseases	736
67.4.1\rInflammatory diseases of the joints	736
67.4.2\rInflammatory diseases of the spine	740
67.4.3\rInflammatory diseases of the connective tissue	743
68\rOsteopathic treatment of systemic inflammatory diseases of the joints and spine	747
68.1\rRheumatoid arthritis (RA)	747
68.2\rAnkylosing spondylitis (AS)	748
68.3\rPathways of pain processing	748
68.4\rOptions in terms of individual treatment approaches	750
68.4.1\rJoint and segment	750
68.4.2\rMuscles	752
68.4.3\rTreatment options and their differential indication for rheumatic diseases	753
68.4.4\rExercise therapy	755
Sports Medicine	757
69\rSports injuries	757
69.1\rEpidemiology	757
69.2\rPrinciples of connective tissue injuries and their treatment	757
69.3\rContusion injuries	759
69.3.1\rSoft tissue	759
69.3.2\rBones and joints	760
69.3.3\rCraniocerebral injuries	760
69.4\rSprain injuries	760
69.5\rTears	761
69.5.1\rCapsular ligament tears	761
69.5.2\rMuscle tears	762
69.5.3\rTendon tears	763
69.5.4\rInjury to the cartilage tissue	764
69.5.5\rIntervertebral disc injuries	764
69.6\rFractures	764
69.6.1\rLower extremity	765
69.6.2\rUpper extremity	766
69.6.3\rSpinal fractures	768
69.6.4\rRib fractures	768
69.6.5\rSkull fractures	768
69.7\rFatigue fractures	768
69.8\rSports-related damage	769
69.8.1\rSpine	769
69.8.2\rHips	769
69.8.3\rKnee joint	770
69.8.4\rShoulder joint	770
69.8.5\rAchillodynia	771
69.8.6\rHand	771
70\rAn integrated approach to osteopathic management of elite performance and rehabilitation	773
70.1\rPerformance	773
70.1.1\rActive osteopathic intervention	774
70.1.2\rThe SAID principle	774
70.1.3\rPrehabilitation	775
70.2\rCase history discussions	775
70.2.1\rKey factors	777
70.3\rInjury prone underperforming international sports squad	779
70.3.1\rFunctional sports prehab for improved player performance and robustness in multidirectional sports	779
Pain Management	783
71\rPain therapy from a medical perspective	783
71.1\rEpidemiology	783
71.2\rBiopsychosocial model of pain	783
71.3\rMultimodal pain therapy	783
71.3.1\rPsychotherapeutic treatment measures	784
71.4\rMultimodal pain therapy of CRPS	784
71.4.1\rTherapeutic principles at the start of treatment	785
71.4.2\rMultimodal physical and medical treatment over time	786
72\rPain management from an osteopathic perspective	789
72.1\rPatient history	789
72.2\rOsteopathic examination	790
72.3\rOsteopathic treatment	790
72.3.1\rFundamental considerations	791
72.3.2\rSetting the course	791
72.3.3\rCase reports	792
Neurological Disorders	795
73\rManagement of central neurological disorders	795
73.1\rAnatomy of the brain	795
73.2\rCirculatory disorders	797
73.3\rBrain abscesses	798
73.4\rBrain tumours	798
73.5\rInfections of the central nervous system	798
73.5.1\rPathogen-induced infections of the central nervous system	798
73.5.2\rVasculitides	798
73.5.3\rMultiple sclerosis	799
73.6\rDiseases of the basal ganglia	799
73.6.1\rParkinson’s disease	799
73.6.2\rChoreatic diseases	800
73.6.3\rBallismus	800
73.6.4\rAthetosis	800
73.6.5\rDystonias	800
73.6.6\rTics	800
73.6.7\rTremor	801
73.7\rDegenerative brain diseases	801
73.7.1\rAlzheimer’s disease	801
73.7.2\rVascular dementia	801
73.7.3\rLewy body dementia	801
73.7.4\rFrontotemporal dementia (Pick’s disease)	801
73.7.5\rCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease	802
73.7.6\rKorsakoff’s syndrome	802
73.8\rAnatomy of the spinal cord	802
73.9\rMyelopathies	803
73.9.1\rDegenerative myelopathies	804
73.9.2\rPressure-induced disorders	804
73.9.3\rPerfusion-induced disorders	805
73.9.4\rInflammatory myelopathies	805
73.9.5\rFunicular myelosis	805
73.10\rOsteopathic treatment of central nervous disorders	805
74\rManagement of peripheral neurological disorders	807
74.1\rAnatomy of the peripheral nervous system	807
74.2\rPolyneuropathies	808
74.3\rLesions of the nerve roots	809
74.4\rPeripheral nerve diseases	811
74.5\rDiseases of the autonomic nervous system	815
74.6\rDiseases of the cranial nerves	815
74.7\rMuscle diseases	817
Index	819
A	819
B	820
C	820
D	821
E	822
F	822
G	823
H	823
I	824
J	824
K	824
L	824
M	825
N	825
O	825
P	826
Q	827
R	827
S	828
T	829
U	830
V	830
W	830
Y	831
Z	831

Textbook Osteopathic Medicine

Additional Information

Book Details

Abstract

Table of Contents

Contact Us

Quick Navigation