BOOK
Practical Pulmonary Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach E-Book
Kevin O. Leslie | Mark R. Wick
(2017)
Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Part of the in-depth and practical Pattern Recognition series, Practical Pulmonary Pathology, 3rd Edition, helps you accurately identify and interpret neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the lungs by using a pattern-based approach. Leading diagnosticians in pulmonary pathology guide you from a histological pattern, through the appropriate work-up, around the pitfalls, and to the best diagnosis. Superb, full-color illustrations capture key pathological patterns for a full range of common and rare conditions, and a "visual index" at the beginning of the book directs you to the exact location of in-depth diagnostic guidance.
A user-friendly design color-codes patterns to specific entities, and key points are summarized in tables, charts, and graphs so you can quickly and easily find what you are looking for.
- Sweeping content updates keep you at the forefront of recent findings regarding pulmonary hypertension, pediatric lung disease, and all major neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the lung.
- A new chapter on Pulmonary Function Testing for Pathologists brings you up to date with relevant aspects of these key tests.
- Improved pattern call-outs are now linked directly within the chapter, reinforcing the patterns for more efficient and complete understanding.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Inside Front Cover | ifc1 | ||
| Half title page | i | ||
| Pattern Recognition Series | ii | ||
| Practical Pulmonary Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | iv | ||
| Dedication | v | ||
| Contributors | vii | ||
| Series Preface | ix | ||
| Preface | xi | ||
| Table Of Contents | xiii | ||
| Pattern-Based Approach to Diagnosis | xv | ||
| Pattern 1 Acute Lung Injury | xviii | ||
| Pattern 2 Fibrosis | xx | ||
| Pattern 3 Chronic Cellular Infiltrates | xxii | ||
| Pattern 4 Alveolar Filling | xxiv | ||
| Pattern 5 Nodules | xxvi | ||
| Pattern 6 Nearly Normal Lung | xxix | ||
| 1 Lung Anatomy | 1 | ||
| Development and Gross Anatomy | 1 | ||
| Airway Development | 1 | ||
| Pleura | 1 | ||
| Lung Lobes | 1 | ||
| Microscopic Anatomy | 5 | ||
| Conducting Airways | 5 | ||
| Trachea | 5 | ||
| Bronchi | 5 | ||
| Bronchioles | 5 | ||
| Airway Mucosal Neuroendocrine Cells | 5 | ||
| Airway-Associated Lymphoid Tissue | 6 | ||
| Epithelial Basement Membrane | 7 | ||
| Smooth Muscle of the Airways | 7 | ||
| Acinus | 7 | ||
| Alveoli | 8 | ||
| Alveolar Walls | 8 | ||
| Alveolar Macrophages | 8 | ||
| Pulmonary Arteries | 8 | ||
| Pulmonary Veins | 9 | ||
| Bronchial Arteries | 10 | ||
| Pulmonary Lymphatics | 11 | ||
| Other Pulmonary Lymphoid Tissue | 11 | ||
| Lymphoid Aggregates | 11 | ||
| Dendritic Cells | 11 | ||
| References | 13 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 14.e1 | ||
| 2 Pulmonary Function Testing for Pathologists | 15 | ||
| Lung Volumes | 15 | ||
| Tools to Measure Volumes | 16 | ||
| Interpretation of Lung Volumes | 17 | ||
| Flows | 17 | ||
| Airway Resistance | 17 | ||
| Respiratory Muscle Strength | 17 | ||
| Diffusion Capacity | 18 | ||
| Summary | 19 | ||
| References | 19 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 20.e1 | ||
| Case 1 | 20.e3 | ||
| 3 Optimal Processing of Diagnostic Lung Specimens | 21 | ||
| Specimens Obtained Through the Flexible Bronchoscope | 21 | ||
| Endobronchial Biopsy | 21 | ||
| Transbronchial Biopsy | 22 | ||
| Cryobiopsy | 25 | ||
| Bronchial Brushings | 26 | ||
| Bronchial Washings and Bronchoalveolar Lavage | 26 | ||
| Transbronchial Fine-Needle Aspiration | 28 | ||
| Endobronchial Ultrasound–Guided Biopsy | 29 | ||
| Rigid Bronchoscopy | 29 | ||
| Specimens Obtained by Transthoracic Needle Biopsy and Aspiration | 29 | ||
| Thoracentesis | 29 | ||
| Closed Pleural Biopsy | 29 | ||
| Transthoracic Fine-Needle Core Aspiration and Biopsy of the Lung | 29 | ||
| Specimens Obtained by Thoracoscopy | 30 | ||
| Specimen Processing | 30 | ||
| Conclusion | 31 | ||
| References | 33 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 34.e1 | ||
| Case 1 | 34.e2 | ||
| Transbronchial biopsy with sponge artifact (eSlide 3.1) | 34.e2 | ||
| Case 2 | 34.e3 | ||
| Cryobiopsy with diagnosable interstitial lung disease (eSlide 3.2) | 34.e3 | ||
| Case 3 | 34.e3 | ||
| Endobronchial ultrasound–guided fine-needle aspiration with adenocarcinoma (eSlide 3.3) | 34.e3 | ||
| Case 4 | 34.e3 | ||
| Needle biopsy with mucinous adenocarcinoma (eSlide 3.4) | 34.e3 | ||
| Case 5 | 34.e3 | ||
| Poorly processed video-assisted thoracic surgery biopsy with crush and atelectasis (eSlide 3.5) | 34.e3 | ||
| 4 Computed Tomography of Diffuse Lung Diseases and Solitary Pulmonary Nodules | 35 | ||
| Foundations | 35 | ||
| Living With X-Rays and Working With Computed Tomography | 35 | ||
| X-Rays and Computed Tomography | 35 | ||
| Computed Tomography, Spiral Computed Tomography, and High-Resolution Computed Tomography | 35 | ||
| Terminology | 36 | ||
| Lung Anatomy | 37 | ||
| Arteries, Veins, and Bronchi | 37 | ||
| Secondary Lobule | 38 | ||
| Special Techniques | 38 | ||
| Increasing Visibility | 38 | ||
| Multiplanar Reformation. | 38 | ||
| Curved Multiplanar Reformation. | 39 | ||
| Increasing Ambience | 39 | ||
| Maximum Intensity Projection. | 39 | ||
| Minimum Intensity Projection. | 39 | ||
| Volume Rendering. | 40 | ||
| Prone and Expiratory Computed Tomography | 40 | ||
| Diffuse Lung Diseases | 40 | ||
| Elementary Lesions | 40 | ||
| Patterns | 40 | ||
| Septal Pattern | 41 | ||
| Definition | 41 | ||
| High-Resolution Computed Tomography Signs | 41 | ||
| Subsets | 43 | ||
| Subset Smooth | 43 | ||
| Interstitial Hydrostatic Pulmonary Edema. | 43 | ||
| Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis. | 45 | ||
| Venoocclusive Disease. | 46 | ||
| Erdheim-Chester Disease. | 46 | ||
| Subset Nodular | 46 | ||
| Diffuse Interstitial Amyloidosis. | 47 | ||
| Fibrotic Pattern | 48 | ||
| Definition | 48 | ||
| High-Resolution Computed Tomography Signs | 48 | ||
| Subsets | 49 | ||
| Subset Usual Interstitial Pneumonia | 49 | ||
| Asbestosis. | 49 | ||
| Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. | 50 | ||
| Idiopathic Usual Interstitial Pneumonia–Clinical Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. | 52 | ||
| Subset Fibrotic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia | 53 | ||
| Idiopathic Fibrotic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia. | 53 | ||
| Subset Tug-of-War | 54 | ||
| Sarcoidosis, Chronic. | 54 | ||
| Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis. | 56 | ||
| Subset Bronchocentric Fibrosis | 56 | ||
| Airway-Centered Interstitial Fibrosis. | 56 | ||
| Nodular Pattern | 57 | ||
| Definition | 57 | ||
| High-Resolution Computed Tomography Signs | 57 | ||
| Subsets | 58 | ||
| Subset Centrilobular | 58 | ||
| Follicular Bronchiolitis. | 59 | ||
| Subacute Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. | 59 | ||
| Respiratory Bronchiolitis–Interstitial Lung Disease. | 60 | ||
| Subset Lymphatic | 61 | ||
| Sarcoidosis. | 62 | ||
| Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia. | 62 | ||
| Silicosis and Coal Worker’s Pneumoconiosis. | 63 | ||
| Subset Random | 64 | ||
| Hematogenous Metastases. | 64 | ||
| Miliary Tuberculosis. | 65 | ||
| Alveolar Pattern | 66 | ||
| Definition | 66 | ||
| High-Resolution Computed Tomography Signs | 67 | ||
| Subsets | 68 | ||
| Subset Acute | 68 | ||
| Acute Interstitial Pneumonia/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. | 68 | ||
| Acceleration (Acute Exacerbation) of Fibrosing Diseases. | 69 | ||
| Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage. | 69 | ||
| Hydrostatic Pulmonary Edema. | 70 | ||
| Infectious Diseases. | 70 | ||
| Subset Chronic | 72 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma. | 72 | ||
| Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia. | 73 | ||
| Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia. | 74 | ||
| Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases. | 74 | ||
| Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma. | 75 | ||
| Cellular Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia. | 75 | ||
| Organizing Pneumonia. | 76 | ||
| Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis. | 77 | ||
| Cystic Pattern | 77 | ||
| Definition | 77 | ||
| High-Resolution Computed Tomography Signs | 79 | ||
| Centrilobular Emphysema | 81 | ||
| Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis | 81 | ||
| Laryngotracheobronchial Papillomatosis | 82 | ||
| Lymphangioleiomyomatosis | 83 | ||
| Cystic Metastases | 84 | ||
| Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome | 84 | ||
| Dark Lung Pattern | 85 | ||
| Definition | 85 | ||
| High-Resolution Computed Tomography Signs | 85 | ||
| Chronic Pulmonary Thromboembolism | 86 | ||
| Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia | 88 | ||
| Constrictive Bronchiolitis | 88 | ||
| Panlobular Emphysema | 89 | ||
| Swyer-James (MacLeod Syndrome) | 89 | ||
| Imaging of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule | 90 | ||
| Rationale for the Diagnostic Approach | 90 | ||
| Static Elements | 91 | ||
| Risk Factors | 91 | ||
| Morphologic Aspects | 91 | ||
| Computed Tomography Densitometry | 92 | ||
| Cavitation and Air Bronchogram | 92 | ||
| Dynamic Elements | 92 | ||
| Doubling Time | 92 | ||
| Computed Tomography Contrast Enhancement | 93 | ||
| Positron Emission Tomography Metabolism | 93 | ||
| References | 93 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 98.e1 | ||
| Case 1 | 98.e2 | ||
| As a Distorted Fine Net | 98.e2 | ||
| Short History | 98.e2 | ||
| High-Resolution Computed Tomography (eSlide 4.1A,B,C) | 98.e2 | ||
| Histologic Examination (eSlide 4.1D,E) | 98.e2 | ||
| Diagnosis | 98.e2 | ||
| 5 Developmental and Pediatric Lung Disease | 99 | ||
| Processing of Pediatric Lung Biopsy Specimens | 99 | ||
| Processing of Pediatric Cystic Lung Lesion Specimens | 100 | ||
| Cysts and Masses | 100 | ||
| Bronchogenic Cysts | 100 | ||
| Bronchial Atresia | 101 | ||
| Pulmonary Sequestration | 101 | ||
| Extralobar Sequestration | 102 | ||
| Intralobar Sequestration | 102 | ||
| Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations | 103 | ||
| Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema | 104 | ||
| Peripheral Cysts Secondary to Lung Maldevelopment | 105 | ||
| Pulmonary Hyperlucency | 105 | ||
| Congenital Lobar Overinflation | 105 | ||
| Polyalveolar Lobe | 105 | ||
| Disorders of Lung Development | 106 | ||
| Acinar Dysplasia | 106 | ||
| Congenital Alveolar Dysplasia | 106 | ||
| Pulmonary Hypoplasia | 107 | ||
| Pulmonary Hyperplasia | 107 | ||
| Vascular Disorders | 108 | ||
| Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia With Misalignment of Pulmonary Veins | 108 | ||
| Congenital Pulmonary Lymphangiectasis | 108 | ||
| Diffuse Pulmonary Lymphangiomatosis | 110 | ||
| Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations | 110 | ||
| Complications of Prematurity | 110 | ||
| Hyaline Membrane Disease | 110 | ||
| Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia | 110 | ||
| Pediatric Interstitial Lung Disease | 111 | ||
| Alveolar Growth Abnormalities | 111 | ||
| Pulmonary Interstitial Glycogenosis (Infantile Cellular Interstitial Pneumonitis) | 113 | ||
| Genetic Disorders of Surfactant Metabolism | 114 | ||
| Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis | 114 | ||
| Chronic Pneumonitis of Infancy | 115 | ||
| Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia | 115 | ||
| Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia | 115 | ||
| Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia and Follicular Bronchiolitis | 116 | ||
| Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis) | 116 | ||
| Eosinophilic Pneumonia | 116 | ||
| Aspiration Injury | 116 | ||
| Obliterative Bronchiolitis | 120 | ||
| Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia of Infancy (Persistent Tachypnea of Infancy) | 120 | ||
| Storage Disorders | 120 | ||
| Vascular Disease as a Cause of Interstitial Lung Disease | 120 | ||
| Hemorrhage Syndromes in Children | 120 | ||
| References | 121 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 124.e1 | ||
| Case 1 | 124.e2 | ||
| eSlide 5.1 | 124.e2 | ||
| Clinical History | 124.e2 | ||
| Virtual Slide Microscopic Findings | 124.e2 | ||
| Diagnosis | 124.e2 | ||
| 6 Acute Lung Injury | 125 | ||
| Diffuse Alveolar Damage: The Morphologic Prototype of Acute Lung Injury | 125 | ||
| Specific Causes of Acute Lung Injury | 128 | ||
| Infection | 128 | ||
| Viral Infection | 129 | ||
| Fungal Infection | 133 | ||
| Bacterial Infection | 133 | ||
| Connective Tissue Disease | 134 | ||
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 135 | ||
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | 135 | ||
| Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis | 136 | ||
| Drug Effect | 136 | ||
| Chemotherapeutic Agents | 136 | ||
| Amiodarone | 138 | ||
| Antiinflammatory Drugs | 139 | ||
| Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia | 139 | ||
| Acute Interstitial Pneumonia | 140 | ||
| Immunologically Mediated Pulmonary Hemorrhage and Vasculitis | 140 | ||
| Radiation Pneumonitis | 140 | ||
| Disease Presenting as Classic Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome | 140 | ||
| Oxygen Toxicity and Inhalants | 141 | ||
| Shock and Trauma | 141 | ||
| Ingested Toxins | 142 | ||
| Pathologist Approach to the Differential Diagnosis of Acute Lung Injury | 142 | ||
| Clinicopathologic Correlation | 143 | ||
| References | 144 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 146.e1 | ||
| Case 1 | 146.e2 | ||
| Diffuse alveolar damage with hyaline membranes (eSlide 6.1) | 146.e2 | ||
| Case 2 | 146.e2 | ||
| Acute and fibrinous organizing pneumonia (eSlide 6.2) | 146.e2 | ||
| Case 3 | 146.e3 | ||
| Acute lupus pneumonitis (eSlide 6.3) | 146.e3 | ||
| Case 4 | 146.e3 | ||
| Amiodarone-induced diffuse alveolar damage (eSlide 6.4) | 146.e3 | ||
| Case 5 | 146.e3 | ||
| Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (eSlide 6.5) | 146.e3 | ||
| 7 Lung Infections | 147 | ||
| Diagnostic Tools and Strategies | 147 | ||
| Knowledge of the Clinical Setting | 148 | ||
| Pattern Recognition | 150 | ||
| Useful Tissue Stains in Lung Infection | 152 | ||
| Immunologic and Molecular Techniques | 153 | ||
| Limiting Factors in Diagnosis | 153 | ||
| Role of Cytopathologic Examination in Diagnosis of Lung Infection | 157 | ||
| Summary | 158 | ||
| Bacterial Pneumonias | 159 | ||
| Etiologic Agents | 159 | ||
| Histopathology | 160 | ||
| Acute Exudative Pneumonia | 160 | ||
| Nodular/Necrotizing Lesions | 160 | ||
| Miliary Lesions | 161 | ||
| Aspiration Pneumonia and Lung Abscess | 161 | ||
| Chronic Bacterial Pneumonias | 162 | ||
| Bacterial Agents of Bioterrorism | 164 | ||
| Bacillus anthracis | 164 | ||
| Yersinia pestis | 165 | ||
| Francisella tularensis | 166 | ||
| Cytopathology | 166 | ||
| Microbiology | 166 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 170 | ||
| Mycobacterial Infections | 171 | ||
| Etiologic Agents | 171 | ||
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 171 | ||
| Nontuberculous Mycobacteria | 172 | ||
| Histopathology | 172 | ||
| Primary Tuberculosis | 172 | ||
| Postprimary Tuberculosis | 173 | ||
| Tuberculous Pleurisy | 174 | ||
| Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections | 174 | ||
| Cytopathology | 176 | ||
| Microbiology | 176 | ||
| Fungal Pneumonias | 178 | ||
| Etiologic Agents | 178 | ||
| Histopathology | 178 | ||
| Blastomycosis | 179 | ||
| Coccidioidomycosis | 180 | ||
| Histoplasmosis | 180 | ||
| Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American Blastomycosis) | 182 | ||
| Sporotrichosis | 182 | ||
| Penicilliosis | 182 | ||
| Cryptococcosis | 184 | ||
| Candidiasis | 185 | ||
| Aspergillosis | 187 | ||
| Zygomycosis | 188 | ||
| Phaeohyphomycosis | 190 | ||
| Pneumocystosis | 191 | ||
| Cytopathology | 193 | ||
| Cytology of Common Yeast Forms | 193 | ||
| Cytology of Common Mycelial Forms | 193 | ||
| Microbiology | 195 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 197 | ||
| Viral Pneumonia | 199 | ||
| Etiologic Agents | 199 | ||
| Histopathology | 199 | ||
| Influenza Virus | 199 | ||
| Parainfluenza Virus | 200 | ||
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus | 201 | ||
| Human Metapneumovirus | 201 | ||
| Measles Virus | 201 | ||
| Hantavirus | 202 | ||
| Coronaviruses | 202 | ||
| Adenovirus | 203 | ||
| Herpes Simplex Viruses | 203 | ||
| Varicella-Zoster Virus | 205 | ||
| Cytomegalovirus | 205 | ||
| Epstein–Barr Virus | 205 | ||
| Cytopathology | 206 | ||
| Microbiology | 206 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 209 | ||
| Parasitic Infections | 209 | ||
| Etiologic Agents | 209 | ||
| Histopathology | 209 | ||
| Toxoplasmosis | 211 | ||
| Amebiasis | 211 | ||
| Cryptosporidiosis | 211 | ||
| Microsporidiosis | 212 | ||
| Leishmaniasis | 212 | ||
| Dirofilariasis | 212 | ||
| Strongyloidiasis | 213 | ||
| Echinococcosis | 214 | ||
| Paragonimiasis | 214 | ||
| Schistosomiasis | 214 | ||
| Visceral Larva Migrans | 215 | ||
| Cytopathology | 217 | ||
| Microbiology | 217 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 218 | ||
| References | 219 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 226.e1 | ||
| Case 1 | 226.e5 | ||
| 8 Chronic Diffuse Lung Diseases | 227 | ||
| Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias | 228 | ||
| Usual Interstitial Pneumonia | 229 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 230 | ||
| Radiologic Findings | 230 | ||
| Histopathologic Findings | 230 | ||
| Acute Exacerbation | 234 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 234 | ||
| Clinical Course | 234 | ||
| Essential Requirements for Accurate Diagnosis | 235 | ||
| Familial Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | 235 | ||
| Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia | 235 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 236 | ||
| Radiologic Findings | 236 | ||
| Histopathologic Findings | 236 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 236 | ||
| Clinical Course | 237 | ||
| Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia | 237 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 238 | ||
| Radiologic Findings | 239 | ||
| Histopathologic Findings | 239 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 239 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 239 | ||
| Respiratory Bronchiolitis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease | 240 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 240 | ||
| Radiologic Findings | 240 | ||
| Histopathologic Findings | 241 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 242 | ||
| Clinical Course | 242 | ||
| Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia | 242 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 243 | ||
| Radiologic Findings | 243 | ||
| Histopathologic Findings | 243 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 244 | ||
| Clinical Course | 244 | ||
| Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia | 244 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 244 | ||
| Radiologic Findings | 244 | ||
| Histopathologic Findings | 245 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 245 | ||
| 9 Nonneoplastic Pathology of the Large and Small Airways | 299 | ||
| Large Airways: Trachea and Bronchi | 299 | ||
| Trachea | 299 | ||
| Tracheobronchial Amyloidosis | 299 | ||
| Tracheobronchomalacia | 299 | ||
| Tracheobronchomegaly | 301 | ||
| Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica | 301 | ||
| Bronchi | 302 | ||
| Bronchitis | 302 | ||
| Bronchiectasis | 302 | ||
| Middle Lobe Syndrome | 303 | ||
| Small Airways | 304 | ||
| Inflammatory Bronchiolitis | 306 | ||
| Acute Bronchiolitis | 306 | ||
| Acute and Chronic Bronchiolitis | 306 | ||
| Chronic Bronchiolitis | 307 | ||
| Granulomatous Bronchiolitis | 308 | ||
| Bronchiolar Necrosis | 312 | ||
| Respiratory (Smoker’s) Bronchiolitis | 312 | ||
| Peribronchiolar Metaplasia (Lambertosis) | 314 | ||
| Mucostasis | 317 | ||
| Bronchiolar Smooth Muscle Hyperplasia | 317 | ||
| Fibrous Proliferations in and Around Bronchioles | 317 | ||
| Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome | 319 | ||
| Terminal Airway Fibrosis With Dust Deposition (Pneumoconiosis-Associated Small Airway Disease) | 320 | ||
| Dilated and Irregular Bronchiolar Shapes | 322 | ||
| Bronchiolocentric Nodules | 322 | ||
| Clinicopathologic Entities With Prominent Airway Manifestations | 323 | ||
| Asthma-Associated Airway Diseases | 323 | ||
| Allergic Bronchopulmonary Fungal Disease | 324 | ||
| Mucoid Impaction of Bronchi | 325 | ||
| Bronchocentric Granulomatosis | 325 | ||
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 326 | ||
| Emphysema | 326 | ||
| Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia With Occlusive Bronchiolar Fibrosis (Aguayo-Miller Disease) | 327 | ||
| Diffuse Panbronchiolitis | 329 | ||
| References | 330 | ||
| Multiple-Choice Questions | 334.e1 | ||
| Case 1 | 334.e2 | ||
| Clinical History | 334.e2 | ||
| Microscopic Pathology | 334.e2 | ||
| Diagnosis | 334.e2 | ||
| Comment | 334.e3 | ||
| Bibliography | 334.e3 | ||
| Case 2 | 334.e4 | ||
| Clinical History | 334.e4 | ||
| Microscopic Pathology | 334.e4 | ||
| Diagnosis | 334.e4 | ||
| Comment | 334.e4 | ||
| Bibliography | 334.e5 | ||
| Case 3 | 334.e5 | ||
| Clinical History | 334.e5 | ||
| Microscopic Pathology | 334.e5 | ||
| Diagnosis | 334.e5 | ||
| Comment | 334.e6 | ||
| Bibliography | 334.e6 | ||
| Case 4 | 334.e6 | ||
| Clinical History | 334.e6 | ||
| Microscopic Pathology | 334.e6 | ||
| Diagnosis | 334.e8 | ||
| Comment | 334.e8 | ||
| Bibliography | 334.e8 | ||
| Case 5 | 334.e8 | ||
| Clinical History | 334.e8 | ||
| Microscopic Pathology | 334.e8 | ||
| Diagnosis | 334.e9 | ||
| Comment | 334.e9 | ||
| Bibliography | 334.e9 | ||
| 10 Pneumoconioses | 335 | ||
| Overview and General Considerations | 335 | ||
| Types of Pneumoconiosis | 335 | ||
| Silicosis | 335 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 336 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 336 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 337 | ||
| Coal Workers’ Pneumoconiosis | 339 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 339 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 339 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 342 | ||
| Asbestosis | 342 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 342 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 343 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 347 | ||
| Silicatosis (Silicate Pneumoconiosis) | 347 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 347 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 347 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 348 | ||
| Talcosis (Talc Pneumoconiosis) | 349 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 349 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 349 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 350 | ||
| Siderosis | 351 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 351 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 351 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 351 | ||
| Aluminosis | 353 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 353 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 353 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 354 | ||
| Hard Metal Lung Disease | 354 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 354 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 355 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 356 | ||
| Berylliosis | 356 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 356 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 357 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 357 | ||
| Rare Earth Pneumoconiosis | 358 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 358 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 358 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 358 | ||
| Other Pneumoconioses | 358 | ||
| References | 361 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 364.e1 | ||
| Case 1 | 364.e2 | ||
| eSlide 10.1 | 364.e2 | ||
| Case 2 | 364.e2 | ||
| eSlide 10.2 | 364.e2 | ||
| Case 3 | 364.e2 | ||
| eSlide 10.3 | 364.e2 | ||
| Case 4 | 364.e3 | ||
| eSlide 10.4 | 364.e3 | ||
| Case 5 | 364.e3 | ||
| eSlide 10.5 | 364.e3 | ||
| 11 Pulmonary Vasculitis and Pulmonary Hemorrhage | 365 | ||
| Pulmonary Vasculitis | 365 | ||
| Overview of Pulmonary Vasculitis | 365 | ||
| Idiopathic Vasculitic Syndromes That Commonly Affect the Lung | 367 | ||
| Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis) | 367 | ||
| Clinical Features | 367 | ||
| Laboratory Studies | 368 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 369 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 369 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 374 | ||
| Diagnosis | 377 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 377 | ||
| Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis/Churg-Strauss Syndrome | 377 | ||
| Clinical Features | 378 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 378 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 379 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 379 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 380 | ||
| Microscopic Polyangiitis | 380 | ||
| Clinical Features | 380 | ||
| Radiographic Features | 381 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 381 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 381 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 382 | ||
| Vasculitic Syndromes That Uncommonly Affect the Lung | 383 | ||
| Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis | 383 | ||
| Clinical Features | 383 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 383 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 383 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 384 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 384 | ||
| Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis | 384 | ||
| Polyarteritis Nodosa | 387 | ||
| Takayasu Arteritis | 387 | ||
| Clinical Features | 387 | ||
| Radiographic Features | 388 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 388 | ||
| Treatment | 388 | ||
| Behçet Syndrome | 388 | ||
| Clinical Features | 388 | ||
| Radiographic Features | 389 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 389 | ||
| Treatment | 389 | ||
| Secondary Vasculitis | 389 | ||
| Pulmonary Infection and Septic Emboli | 389 | ||
| Classic Sarcoidosis | 390 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 390 | ||
| Pathologic Features | 390 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 390 | ||
| Pulmonary Hemorrhage | 390 | ||
| Clinical View of Pulmonary Hemorrhage | 390 | ||
| Morphologic Approach to Pulmonary Hemorrhage | 390 | ||
| Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage | 393 | ||
| Specific Forms of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage | 394 | ||
| Goodpasture Syndrome | 394 | ||
| Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis) | 394 | ||
| Microscopic Polyangiitis | 394 | ||
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | 394 | ||
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis | 395 | ||
| Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (IgA Vasculitis) | 395 | ||
| Isolated Pulmonary Capillaritis | 397 | ||
| References | 397 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 400.e1 | ||
| Case 1 | 400.e3 | ||
| Case 2 | 400.e3 | ||
| Case 3 | 400.e4 | ||
| Case 4 | 400.e4 | ||
| Case 5 | 400.e4 | ||
| 12 Pulmonary Hypertension | 401 | ||
| Morphologic Features of the Pulmonary Vasculature | 401 | ||
| Pulmonary Arteries | 401 | ||
| Pulmonary Veins | 402 | ||
| Bronchial Arteries | 402 | ||
| Recognition of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy | 402 | ||
| Definition of Pulmonary Hypertension | 403 | ||
| Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension | 403 | ||
| Biomarkers of Pulmonary Hypertension | 404 | ||
| Pathologic Features of Pulmonary Hypertension | 404 | ||
| Plexogenic Arteriopathy | 404 | ||
| Clinical and Etiologic Features | 404 | ||
| Imaging Features | 404 | ||
| Morphologic Features | 405 | ||
| Grade I: Muscular Hypertrophy | 405 | ||
| Grade II: Intimal Proliferation | 405 | ||
| Grade III: Concentric Laminar Intimal Fibrosis | 405 | ||
| Grade IV: Necrotizing Vasculitis | 405 | ||
| Grade V: Plexiform Lesions | 405 | ||
| Grade VI: Dilatation and Angiomatoid Lesions | 406 | ||
| Clinical Correlations | 406 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 407 | ||
| Thrombotic and Embolic Hypertension | 410 | ||
| Clinical Features | 410 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 410 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 410 | ||
| Clinical Correlations | 413 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 413 | ||
| Pulmonary Venous Hypertension | 413 | ||
| Clinical Features | 413 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 414 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 414 | ||
| Clinical Correlations | 416 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 416 | ||
| Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Intrinsic Lung Disease or Hypoxia | 416 | ||
| Morphologic Mimics of Pulmonary Hypertension | 417 | ||
| Pathogenesis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension | 417 | ||
| References | 419 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 420.e1 | ||
| 13 Pathology of Lung Transplantation | 421 | ||
| Operation-Related Complications | 422 | ||
| Primary Graft Dysfunction | 422 | ||
| Time Period | 422 | ||
| Clinical Presentation | 422 | ||
| Radiologic Findings | 422 | ||
| Diagnosis | 422 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 422 | ||
| Histologic Differential Diagnosis | 423 | ||
| Treatment, Prognosis, and Prevention | 423 | ||
| Arterial Anastomotic Obstruction | 423 | ||
| 14 Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Lung | 439 | ||
| Introduction and General Considerations | 440 | ||
| Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia | 441 | ||
| Definitions and Synonyms | 441 | ||
| History | 441 | ||
| Incidence and Demographics | 441 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 441 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 441 | ||
| Gross Pathology | 441 | ||
| Microscopic Pathology | 441 | ||
| Special Studies | 442 | ||
| Grading and Staging | 442 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 442 | ||
| Genetics | 443 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 443 | ||
| Carcinoid Tumor | 443 | ||
| Definitions and Synonyms | 443 | ||
| Incidence and Demographics | 443 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 443 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 443 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 443 | ||
| Gross Pathology | 444 | ||
| Microscopic Pathology | 444 | ||
| Special Studies | 446 | ||
| Grading and Staging | 447 | ||
| Variants | 447 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 447 | ||
| Genetics | 447 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 447 | ||
| Atypical Carcinoid | 448 | ||
| Definitions and Synonyms | 448 | ||
| Incidence and Demographics | 448 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 448 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 448 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 448 | ||
| Gross Pathology | 448 | ||
| Microscopic Pathology | 448 | ||
| Special Studies | 449 | ||
| Grading and Staging | 449 | ||
| Variants | 450 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 450 | ||
| Genetics | 450 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 450 | ||
| Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma | 450 | ||
| Definitions and Synonyms | 450 | ||
| Incidence and Demographics | 450 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 450 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 450 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 451 | ||
| Gross Pathology | 451 | ||
| Microscopic Pathology | 451 | ||
| Special Studies | 452 | ||
| Grading and Staging | 452 | ||
| Variants | 452 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 452 | ||
| Genetics | 453 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 453 | ||
| Small Cell Carcinoma | 453 | ||
| Definitions and Synonyms | 453 | ||
| Incidence and Demographics | 455 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 455 | ||
| Laboratory Findings | 455 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 455 | ||
| Gross Pathology | 455 | ||
| Microscopic Pathology | 455 | ||
| Combined Type Small Cell Carcinoma | 457 | ||
| Special Studies | 457 | ||
| Grading and Staging | 457 | ||
| Variants | 458 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 458 | ||
| Genetics | 458 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 459 | ||
| Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor | 459 | ||
| Definitions and Synonyms | 459 | ||
| Incidence and Demographics | 459 | ||
| Clinical Manifestations | 459 | ||
| Radiologic Features | 459 | ||
| Gross Pathology | 459 | ||
| Microscopic Pathology | 459 | ||
| Special Studies | 459 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis | 459 | ||
| Genetics | 460 | ||
| Treatment and Prognosis | 460 | ||
| Other Rare Neuroendocrine Tumors | 460 | ||
| References | 461 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 466.e1 | ||
| Case 1 | 466.e4 | ||
| eSlide 14.1 | 466.e4 | ||
| 15 Sarcomas and Sarcomatoid Neoplasms of the Lungs and Pleural Surfaces | 467 | ||
| Part I. Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Lung | 467 | ||
| Historical and Terminologic Considerations | 467 | ||
| Clinicopathologic Features of Pulmonary Sarcomatoid Carcinomas | 468 | ||
| Macroscopic Features | 468 | ||
| Histologic Characteristics | 468 | ||
| Homologous Biphasic Sarcomatoid Carcinomas. | 469 | ||
| Heterologous Biphasic Sarcomatoid Carcinomas. | 469 | ||
| Monophasic Sarcomatoid Carcinomas. | 469 | ||
| Special Variants of Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Lung | 471 | ||
| Pulmonary Blastoma | 471 | ||
| Pseudoangiosarcomatous (Pseudovascular) Carcinoma | 472 | ||
| Inflammatory Sarcomatoid Carcinoma | 472 | ||
| Pleurotropic (Pseudomesotheliomatous) Sarcomatoid Carcinoma | 473 | ||
| Results of Adjunctive Pathologic Studies | 475 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis of Sarcomatoid Carcinoma | 476 | ||
| Part II: True Primary Sarcomas of the Lung | 476 | ||
| Kaposi Sarcoma | 476 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 476 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 477 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 477 | ||
| Fibrosarcoma | 477 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 478 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 478 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 479 | ||
| Primary Pulmonary Hyalinizing Spindle-Cell Tumor With Giant Rosettes. | 479 | ||
| Primary Pulmonary Leiomyosarcoma | 479 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 480 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 480 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 482 | ||
| Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma | 482 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 482 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 482 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 485 | ||
| Hemangiopericytoma and Intrapulmonary Solitary Fibrous Tumor | 485 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 485 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 486 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 487 | ||
| Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma | 487 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 487 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 487 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 488 | ||
| Rhabdomyosarcoma | 488 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 488 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 488 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 489 | ||
| Chondrosarcoma of the Respiratory Tract | 489 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 489 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 491 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 491 | ||
| Primary Pulmonary Synovial Sarcoma | 491 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 491 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 494 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 496 | ||
| Other Primary Pulmonary Sarcomas | 496 | ||
| Part III: Primary Malignant Melanomas of the Lung | 497 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 497 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 497 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 500 | ||
| Part IV: Sarcomas of the Pulmonary Arterial Trunk | 500 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 501 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 501 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 502 | ||
| Part V: Tumors of the Pleura | 503 | ||
| Sarcomatoid Malignant Mesothelioma (See Also Chapter 21) | 503 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 503 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 504 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 505 | ||
| Primary Pleural Sarcomas | 506 | ||
| Pleural Fibrosarcoma and Malignant Solitary Fibrous Tumor | 506 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 506 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 507 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 508 | ||
| Primary Pleural Leiomyosarcoma | 509 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 509 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 509 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 509 | ||
| Askin Tumor (Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor) and Desmoplastic Small Round-Cell Tumor | 510 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 510 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 510 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 512 | ||
| Pleuropulmonary Blastoma | 513 | ||
| Clinical Summary | 514 | ||
| Pathologic Findings | 514 | ||
| Therapy and Prognosis | 516 | ||
| Vascular Sarcomas of the Pleura | 517 | ||
| References | 519 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 526.e1 | ||
| Case 1 | 526.e3 | ||
| eSlide 15.1 | 526.e3 | ||
| 16 Hematolymphoid Disorders | 527 | ||
| Special Studies | 527 | ||
| Immunohistochemistry | 527 | ||
| Indications | 527 | ||
| 17 Nonneuroendocrine Carcinomas (Excluding Sarcomatoid Carcinoma) and Salivary Gland Analogue Tumors of the Lung | 573 | ||
| Incidence | 573 | ||
| Demographics | 573 | ||
| Prognosis | 573 | ||
| Etiology | 573 | ||
| Lung Cancer Clinical Findings and Imaging | 574 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 574 | ||
| Imaging | 574 | ||
| Lung Cancer Staging, Prognosis, and Traditional Therapy | 574 | ||
| Staging | 574 | ||
| Prognosis | 575 | ||
| Traditional Therapy | 575 | ||
| Lung Cancer Histology | 575 | ||
| Overview of Lung Cancer Histology | 575 | ||
| 2015 World Health Organization Classification of Lung Cancer | 575 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 576 | ||
| Lepidic Pattern and Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma | 576 | ||
| Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia | 577 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma in situ | 577 | ||
| Minimally Invasive Adenocarcinoma | 578 | ||
| Invasive Adenocarcinoma | 578 | ||
| Lepidic Adenocarcinoma | 578 | ||
| Acinar Adenocarcinoma | 579 | ||
| Papillary Adenocarcinoma | 579 | ||
| Micropapillary Adenocarcinoma | 579 | ||
| Solid Adenocarcinoma | 579 | ||
| Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinoma | 579 | ||
| Colloid Adenocarcinoma | 580 | ||
| Fetal Adenocarcinoma | 580 | ||
| Enteric Adenocarcinoma | 581 | ||
| Signet Ring and Clear Cell Features | 581 | ||
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 581 | ||
| Adenosquamous Carcinoma | 583 | ||
| Large Cell Carcinoma | 583 | ||
| Minor Cell Types (Including Salivary Gland and Sarcomatoid Types) | 584 | ||
| Sarcomatoid Type. | 584 | ||
| Carcinosarcoma. | 584 | ||
| Blastoma. | 584 | ||
| Pleomorphic Carcinoma. | 584 | ||
| Salivary Gland Type. | 585 | ||
| Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. | 585 | ||
| Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma. | 585 | ||
| Epithelial-Myoepithelial Carcinoma. | 586 | ||
| Lymphoepithelioma-Like Carcinoma. | 586 | ||
| Nuclear Protein in Testis Carcinoma. | 586 | ||
| Cytology | 586 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 587 | ||
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 588 | ||
| Salivary Gland-Like Tumors | 591 | ||
| Other Neoplasms | 592 | ||
| Targeted Therapy Biomarkers in Lung Cancer | 592 | ||
| Immune Checkpoint Therapies in Lung Cancer | 592 | ||
| References | 593 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 596.e1 | ||
| Case 1: Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma Carcinoma | 596.e3 | ||
| eSlide 17.1 | 596.e3 | ||
| 18 Metastatic Tumors in the Lung | 597 | ||
| Routes of Spread for Intrapulmonary Metastases | 597 | ||
| Vascular Metastases | 597 | ||
| Lymphogenous Metastases | 599 | ||
| Direct Seeding | 600 | ||
| Pleural Metastases | 600 | ||
| Endobronchial Metastases | 601 | ||
| Modalities for the Diagnosis of Pleuropulmonary Metastases | 603 | ||
| Practical Approach to Differential Diagnosis | 604 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma Variants | 606 | ||
| Papillary Adenocarcinomas | 606 | ||
| Clear Cell Adenocarcinomas | 607 | ||
| Signet-Ring Cell Adenocarcinomas | 609 | ||
| Well-Differentiated Adenocarcinomas | 609 | ||
| Oncocytic and Granular Cell Carcinomas | 612 | ||
| Largely Necrotic Adenocarcinomas | 614 | ||
| Mucinous Adenocarcinomas | 614 | ||
| Other Metastatic Malignancies That Mimic Adenocarcinomas of the Lung | 616 | ||
| Malignant Small Round Cell Tumors | 621 | ||
| Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Morphologic Simulants | 623 | ||
| Undifferentiated Large Polygonal Cell Malignancies | 627 | ||
| Other Adjunctive Pathologic Techniques for the Diagnosis of Metastatic Carcinoma | 629 | ||
| Outcomes Analysis | 633 | ||
| References | 639 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 642.e1 | ||
| 19 Pseudoneoplastic Lesions of the Lungs and Pleural Surfaces | 643 | ||
| Pulmonary Hamartoma | 643 | ||
| Inflammatory Pseudotumor—Plasma Cell Granuloma of the Lung | 646 | ||
| Mycobacterial Spindle-Cell Pseudotumor | 649 | ||
| Pseudoneoplastic Hematolymphoid Processes | 650 | ||
| Rosai-Dorfman Disease (Sinus Histiocytosis With Massive Lymphadenopathy) | 650 | ||
| Extramedullary Hematopoiesis | 651 | ||
| Pseudoneoplastic Changes as a Consequence of Lung Injury | 653 | ||
| Peribronchiolar Metaplasia (Lambertosis) | 654 | ||
| Pseudoneoplastic Lesions of the Pleural Surfaces | 655 | ||
| Reactive Mesothelial Proliferations | 656 | ||
| Tumefactive Hyaline Pleural Plaques | 658 | ||
| Diffuse Pleural Fibrosis | 659 | ||
| References | 660 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 664.e1 | ||
| Case 1 | 664.e3 | ||
| eSlide 19.1 | 664.e3 | ||
| 20 Benign and Borderline Tumors of the Lungs and Pleura | 665 | ||
| Benign Pleuropulmonary Neoplasms | 665 | ||
| Clinical Features | 665 | ||
| Benign Tumors That Are Principally Tracheal and Endobronchial | 666 | ||
| Solitary Tracheobronchial Papilloma | 666 | ||
| Multifocal Respiratory Tract Papillomatosis | 667 | ||
| Bronchial Mucous Gland Adenoma | 668 | ||
| Salivary Gland Analog Tumors | 671 | ||
| Mixed Tumor (Pleomorphic Adenoma) | 671 | ||
| Oncocytoma | 671 | ||
| Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors | 674 | ||
| Granular Cell Tumors | 677 | ||
| Benign Lesions Affecting Either the Airways or the Lung Parenchyma | 679 | ||
| Alveolar Adenoma | 679 | ||
| Papillary Adenoma | 681 | ||
| Leiomyoma | 681 | ||
| Glomus Tumor and Glomangioma | 681 | ||
| Chondroma, Myxoma, and Fibromyxoma | 685 | ||
| Solitary Pulmonary Hemangioma and Hemangiomatosis | 685 | ||
| Lipoma and Lipoblastoma | 686 | ||
| Angiomyolipoma | 688 | ||
| Myelolipoma | 689 | ||
| Benign Tumors of the Pleura | 689 | ||
| Adenomatoid Tumor | 689 | ||
| Calcifying Fibrous Pseudotumor | 691 | ||
| Leiomyoma | 692 | ||
| Biologically Borderline Tumors of the Lung and Pleura | 692 | ||
| Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (Inflammatory Pseudotumor) | 692 | ||
| Sclerosing Hemangioma (Pneumocytoma) | 695 | ||
| Pulmonary Mucinous Cystadenoma and Borderline Mucinous Tumor | 698 | ||
| Solitary Fibrous Tumor | 700 | ||
| Desmoid Tumor | 703 | ||
| Clear Cell Tumor | 705 | ||
| Primary Pleuropulmonary Thymoma | 705 | ||
| Heterotopic Meningeal Proliferations | 710 | ||
| Intrapulmonary Teratomas | 713 | ||
| Cystic Fibrohistiocytic Tumor of the Lung | 714 | ||
| Other Lesions | 715 | ||
| References | 715 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 722.e1 | ||
| Case 1 | 722.e2 | ||
| eSlide 20.1 | 722.e2 | ||
| 21 Malignant and Borderline Mesothelial Tumors of the Pleura | 723 | ||
| Malignant Mesothelioma | 723 | ||
| Clinical Findings in Pleural Mesothelioma | 723 | ||
| Etiologic Considerations in Pleural Mesothelioma | 725 | ||
| Gross Features of Pleural Mesothelioma | 727 | ||
| Cytopathologic Features of Pleural Mesothelioma | 727 | ||
| Histopathologic Features of Pleural Mesothelioma | 730 | ||
| Epithelioid Mesothelioma | 731 | ||
| Sarcomatoid (Spindle Cell) Mesothelioma | 732 | ||
| Desmoplastic Mesothelioma | 733 | ||
| Biphasic Mesothelioma | 736 | ||
| Small Cell Mesothelioma | 736 | ||
| Rhabdoid Mesothelioma | 736 | ||
| Localized (Solitary) Mesothelioma | 737 | ||
| Histochemical Features of Pleural Mesothelioma | 737 | ||
| Electron Microscopic Features of Pleural Mesothelioma | 738 | ||
| Immunohistochemical Findings in Pleural Mesothelioma | 739 | ||
| Antibodies Often Used in the Analysis of Possible Mesothelioma | 741 | ||
| General and Exclusionary Markers | 741 | ||
| Keratins. | 741 | ||
| Epithelial Membrane Antigen. | 741 | ||
| Carcinoembryonic Antigen. | 741 | ||
| Thyroid Transcription Factor-1. | 742 | ||
| Napsin-A. | 742 | ||
| CD15. | 742 | ||
| CA 72-4. | 742 | ||
| Ber-Ep4. | 742 | ||
| MOC-31. | 742 | ||
| BG8. | 742 | ||
| p53. | 742 | ||
| Inclusionary Markers | 742 | ||
| Calretinin. | 742 | ||
| WT1 Gene Product. | 742 | ||
| Thrombomodulin. | 743 | ||
| Podoplanin. | 743 | ||
| Other Markers | 744 | ||
| Oncofetal Proteins. | 744 | ||
| Blood Group Isoantigens. | 744 | ||
| Mesothelin. | 744 | ||
| HBME-1 and Cancer Antigen 125. | 744 | ||
| Neuroendocrine Determinants. | 744 | ||
| Additional Hematopoietic Markers. | 744 | ||
| Anti-BAP-1, p16, and Other Supplementary Reagents. | 745 | ||
| Practical Points Regarding the Immunohistochemistry of Mesothelioma | 745 | ||
| Cytogenetic and Molecular Features of Pleural Mesothelioma | 745 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis of Pleural Mesothelioma: Special Considerations | 746 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis of Benign Versus Malignant Mesothelial Proliferations | 746 | ||
| Florid Mesothelial Hyperplasia Versus Epithelioid Mesothelioma. | 746 | ||
| Fibrohyaline Pleuritis Versus Desmoplastic Mesothelioma. | 746 | ||
| Differential Diagnosis of Cytologically Malignant Pleural Neoplasms | 747 | ||
| Epithelioid Mesothelioma Versus Hematopoietic Malignancies. | 747 | ||
| Epithelioid Mesothelioma Versus Epithelioid Endothelial Neoplasms. | 748 | ||
| Primary Pleural Myxoid Chondrosarcoma Versus Mesothelioma. | 748 | ||
| Synovial Sarcoma Versus Mesothelioma. | 749 | ||
| Pseudomesotheliomatous Sarcomatoid Carcinoma Versus Mesothelioma. | 749 | ||
| Small Cell Mesothelioma Versus Other Small Cell Malignancies. | 750 | ||
| Primary Pleural Thymomatosis Versus Mesothelioma. | 750 | ||
| Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura Versus Sarcomatoid Mesothelioma. | 751 | ||
| Clear Cell Mesothelioma Versus Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. | 751 | ||
| Oncocytoid/Deciduoid Mesothelioma Versus Other “Pink” Cell Malignancies. | 751 | ||
| Rhabdoid Mesothelioma Versus Metastases of Extrarenal Malignant Rhabdoid Tumors. | 752 | ||
| Epithelioid Mesothelioma Versus Primary or Metastatic Germ Cell Malignancies. | 752 | ||
| Metastatic Intranodal Mesothelioma Versus Lymph Nodal Mesothelial Rests. | 752 | ||
| Borderline (Low-Grade Malignant) Mesothelial Tumors | 752 | ||
| Etiologic Considerations | 753 | ||
| Clinical Findings | 753 | ||
| Pathologic Observations | 753 | ||
| Staging and Prognosis of Malignant Mesothelioma | 754 | ||
| References | 755 | ||
| Multiple Choice Questions | 762.e1 | ||
| Case 1 | 762.e3 | ||
| eSlide 21.1 | 762.e3 | ||
| Case 2 | 762.e3 | ||
| eSlide 21.2 | 762.e3 | ||
| Case 3 | 762.e3 | ||
| eSlide 21.3 | 762.e3 | ||
| Case 4 | 762.e3 | ||
| eSlide 21.4 | 762.e3 | ||
| Case 5 | 762.e3 | ||
| eSlide 21.5 | 762.e3 | ||
| Appendix: Miscellaneous Distinctive Histopathologic Findings | 763 | ||
| Index | 781 | ||
| A | 781 | ||
| B | 784 | ||
| C | 785 | ||
| D | 789 | ||
| E | 790 | ||
| F | 791 | ||
| G | 792 | ||
| H | 793 | ||
| I | 794 | ||
| K | 796 | ||
| L | 796 | ||
| M | 798 | ||
| N | 800 | ||
| O | 802 | ||
| P | 802 | ||
| R | 807 | ||
| S | 807 | ||
| T | 810 | ||
| U | 811 | ||
| V | 811 | ||
| W | 811 | ||
| X | 811 | ||
| Y | 811 | ||
| Z | 811 | ||
| Inside Back Cover | ibc1 |