Additional Information
Book Details
Abstract
Learn the foundational concepts and skills necessary to become a successful clinical medical assistant! Written using clear and accessible language, Clinical Procedures for Medical Assistants, 10th Edition guides you through common office procedures such as taking vital signs, collecting and processing lab specimens, preparing patients for examinations, and assisting with office surgeries. This new edition is thoroughly updated throughout and includes content on elephant system for ear irrigation, influenza test, h. pylori test, digital scale for measuring weight, administration of rotavirus vaccine, along with new chapters on nutrition, emergency preparedness, and the medical record. Plus, with the addition of soft skills, and critical thinking exercises, this comprehensive text introduces you the skills you need to succeed in today’s fast-paced medical office.
- UPDATED procedural photos provides you with the most current pictures of how to perform important clinical medical assisting procedures.
- Detailed learning objectives at the beginning of each chapter align with respective procedures to help guide you through the learning process (and ensure that you learned everything you should from the chapter).
- Over 120 procedures presented in a clear, illustrated, step-by-step format, with online videos showing 84 of the procedures in action.
- Student resources on the Evolve companion website offer a fun way for you to practice your medical assisting knowledge with animations, games matching exercises, and other interactive activities.
- Chapter outlines and learning objectives prepare you for the skills and concepts you will be learning.
- Charting examples help you understand the process for charting your own procedures.
- Patient Teaching boxes prepares you for effective communication, with detailed instructions on how to answer questions and how to explain medical concepts and procedures.
- What Would You Do? What Would You Not Do? case studies challenge you to apply　yourr knowledge to realistic medical office situations　— with a practitioner's response at the end of chapters.
- Putting It All Into Practice and Memories from Practicum boxes feature real medical assistants sharing personal, on-the-job experiences.
- Glossary of key terms gives you a quick reference guide for important terms and concepts.
Table of Contents
| Section Title | Page | Action | Price |
|---|---|---|---|
| Front Cover | cover | ||
| Evolve page | IFC1 | ||
| Brief contents | i | ||
| Procedures | ii | ||
| Clinical Procedures for Medical Assistants | iii | ||
| Copyright Page | vi | ||
| Reviewers | vii | ||
| Dedication | xi | ||
| Preface | xiii | ||
| New Features in This Edition | xiii | ||
| Important Additions Include the Following: | xiii | ||
| Standard Pedagogical Features in This Edition | xiii | ||
| Extensive Supplemental Resources | xv | ||
| Procedural Videos | xv | ||
| Evolve Resources | xv | ||
| Study Guide | xv | ||
| Continuing Education | xv | ||
| Acknowledgments | xvi | ||
| Clinical Procedure Icons | xviii | ||
| Detailed contents | xix | ||
| 1 The Medical Record and Health History | 1 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 1 | ||
| Learning Objectives/\tProcedures | 1 | ||
| Key Terms | 2 | ||
| Introduction to the Medical Record | 2 | ||
| Components of the Medical Record | 2 | ||
| Medical Office Administrative Documents | 2 | ||
| Medical Office Clinical Documents | 2 | ||
| Laboratory Reports | 2 | ||
| Diagnostic Procedure Reports | 2 | ||
| Therapeutic Service Reports | 3 | ||
| Hospital Documents | 3 | ||
| Consent Documents | 3 | ||
| Types of Medical Records | 3 | ||
| Paper-Based Patient Record | 3 | ||
| Electronic Medical Record | 3 | ||
| Advantages of the Electronic Medical Record | 3 | ||
| Speed and Productivity | 3 | ||
| Efficiency | 6 | ||
| Accessibility | 6 | ||
| Occupational Tasks | 6 | ||
| Taking a Health History | 6 | ||
| Health History | 6 | ||
| Components of the Health History | 6 | ||
| Identification Data | 6 | ||
| Chief Complaint | 7 | ||
| Documenting Chief Complaints | 7 | ||
| Correct Examples | 7 | ||
| Incorrect Examples | 7 | ||
| Present Illness | 7 | ||
| Past History | 7 | ||
| Family History | 11 | ||
| Social History | 11 | ||
| Review of Systems | 11 | ||
| Documentation in the Medical Record | 11 | ||
| General Guidelines for Documentation | 11 | ||
| Documenting in the Paper-Based Patient Record | 12 | ||
| Documenting Progress Notes | 13 | ||
| Documenting Patient Symptoms | 13 | ||
| Other Activities That Need to Be Documented | 13 | ||
| Procedures | 13 | ||
| Administration of Medication | 13 | ||
| Specimen Collection | 13 | ||
| Diagnostic Procedures and Laboratory Tests | 14 | ||
| Results of Laboratory Tests | 16 | ||
| Patient Instructions | 16 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 23 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 23 | ||
| 2 Medical Asepsis and the OSHA Standard | 25 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 26 | ||
| Learning Objectives/\tProcedures | 25 | ||
| Key Terms | 26 | ||
| Introduction to Medical Asepsis and the OSHA Standard | 26 | ||
| Microorganisms and Medical Asepsis | 26 | ||
| Growth Requirements for Microorganisms | 26 | ||
| Infection Process Cycle | 27 | ||
| Protective Mechanisms of the Body | 27 | ||
| Medical Asepsis in the Medical Office | 28 | ||
| Hand Hygiene | 28 | ||
| Resident and Transient Flora | 28 | ||
| Handwashing | 29 | ||
| Antiseptic Handwashing | 29 | ||
| Alcohol-Based Hand Rubs | 29 | ||
| Infection Control | 29 | ||
| Gloves | 30 | ||
| Types of Gloves | 30 | ||
| Glove Guidelines | 30 | ||
| OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard | 35 | ||
| Purpose of the Standard | 35 | ||
| OSHA Terminology | 36 | ||
| Components of the OSHA Standard | 36 | ||
| Exposure Control Plan | 36 | ||
| Labeling Requirements | 37 | ||
| Communicating Hazards to Employees | 38 | ||
| Record Keeping | 38 | ||
| Control Measures | 38 | ||
| Engineering Controls | 39 | ||
| Safer Medical Devices | 39 | ||
| Work Practice Controls | 39 | ||
| Personal Protective Equipment | 40 | ||
| Personal Protective Equipment Guidelines | 40 | ||
| Housekeeping | 41 | ||
| Hepatitis B Vaccination | 43 | ||
| Regulated Medical Waste | 43 | ||
| Handling Regulated Medical Waste | 43 | ||
| Disposal of Regulated Medical Waste | 45 | ||
| Bloodborne Diseases | 45 | ||
| Hepatitis B | 46 | ||
| Postexposure Prophylaxis | 46 | ||
| Hepatitis C | 46 | ||
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome | 46 | ||
| Transmission of AIDS | 48 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 49 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 49 | ||
| 3 Sterilization and Disinfection | 51 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 51 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 51 | ||
| Key Terms | 52 | ||
| Introduction to Sterilization and Disinfection | 52 | ||
| Definitions of Terms | 52 | ||
| Hazard Communication Standard | 53 | ||
| Hazard Communication Program | 53 | ||
| Inventory of Hazardous Chemicals | 53 | ||
| Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals | 53 | ||
| Container Label Requirements | 54 | ||
| Safety Data Sheets | 54 | ||
| Safety Data Sheet Requirements | 58 | ||
| Employee Information and Training | 59 | ||
| Sanitization | 60 | ||
| Sanitizing Instruments | 60 | ||
| Cleaning Instruments | 60 | ||
| Manual Method | 60 | ||
| Ultrasound Method | 60 | ||
| Guidelines for Sanitizing Instruments | 60 | ||
| Disinfection | 65 | ||
| Levels of Disinfection | 66 | ||
| High-Level Disinfection | 66 | ||
| Intermediate-Level Disinfection | 66 | ||
| Low-Level Disinfection | 66 | ||
| Types of Disinfectants | 66 | ||
| Glutaraldehyde | 66 | ||
| Alcohol | 67 | ||
| Chlorine and Chlorine Compounds | 67 | ||
| Phenolics | 67 | ||
| Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 67 | ||
| Guidelines for Disinfection | 67 | ||
| Sanitize Articles Before Disinfecting Them | 67 | ||
| Observe Safety Precautions | 68 | ||
| Properly Prepare and Use the Disinfectant | 68 | ||
| Properly Store the Disinfectant | 68 | ||
| Sterilization | 70 | ||
| Sterilization Methods | 70 | ||
| Autoclave | 70 | ||
| Monitoring Program | 71 | ||
| Sterilization Indicators | 71 | ||
| Chemical Indicators | 72 | ||
| Autoclave Tape | 72 | ||
| Sterilization Strips | 72 | ||
| Biologic Indicators | 72 | ||
| In-House Method | 73 | ||
| Mail-in Method | 73 | ||
| Wrapping Articles | 74 | ||
| Sterilization Paper | 74 | ||
| Sterilization Pouches | 74 | ||
| Muslin | 75 | ||
| Operating the Autoclave | 78 | ||
| Guidelines for Autoclave Operation | 78 | ||
| Location of the Autoclave | 78 | ||
| Filling the Water Reservoir | 78 | ||
| Loading the Autoclave | 79 | ||
| Timing the Load | 79 | ||
| Drying the Load | 80 | ||
| Handling and Storing Packs | 80 | ||
| Maintaining the Autoclave | 80 | ||
| Daily Maintenance | 80 | ||
| Weekly Maintenance | 80 | ||
| Monthly Maintenance | 81 | ||
| Other Sterilization Methods | 81 | ||
| Dry Heat Oven | 81 | ||
| Ethylene Oxide Gas Sterilization | 81 | ||
| Cold Sterilization | 81 | ||
| Radiation | 81 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tResponses | 84 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 84 | ||
| 4 Vital Signs | 86 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 87 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 86 | ||
| Key Terms | 87 | ||
| Introduction to Vital Signs | 87 | ||
| Temperature | 88 | ||
| Regulation of Body Temperature | 88 | ||
| Heat Production | 88 | ||
| Heat Loss | 88 | ||
| Body Temperature Range | 88 | ||
| Alterations in Body Temperature | 89 | ||
| Variations in Body Temperature | 89 | ||
| Fever | 90 | ||
| Stages of a Fever | 90 | ||
| Assessment of Body Temperature | 91 | ||
| Assessment Sites | 91 | ||
| Oral Temperature | 91 | ||
| Axillary Temperature | 91 | ||
| Rectal Temperature | 91 | ||
| Aural Temperature | 92 | ||
| Forehead Temperature | 92 | ||
| Types of Thermometers | 92 | ||
| Electronic Thermometer | 92 | ||
| Tympanic Membrane Thermometer | 93 | ||
| Temporal Artery Thermometer | 93 | ||
| Earlobe Temperature Measurement | 95 | ||
| Care and Maintenance | 95 | ||
| Chemical Thermometers | 95 | ||
| Disposable Chemical Single-Use Thermometers | 95 | ||
| Temperature-Sensitive Strips | 96 | ||
| Pulse | 107 | ||
| Mechanism of the Pulse | 107 | ||
| Factors Affecting Pulse Rate | 107 | ||
| Pulse Sites | 107 | ||
| Radial | 107 | ||
| Apical | 108 | ||
| Brachial | 108 | ||
| Ulnar | 108 | ||
| Temporal | 108 | ||
| Carotid | 108 | ||
| Femoral | 108 | ||
| Popliteal | 108 | ||
| Posterior Tibial | 108 | ||
| Dorsalis Pedis | 108 | ||
| Assessment of Pulse | 109 | ||
| Pulse Rate | 109 | ||
| Pulse Rhythm and Volume | 109 | ||
| Respiration | 109 | ||
| Mechanism of Respiration | 109 | ||
| Control of Respiration | 109 | ||
| Assessment of Respiration | 110 | ||
| Respiratory Rate | 111 | ||
| Rhythm and Depth of Respiration | 112 | ||
| Color of the Patient | 112 | ||
| Respiratory Abnormalities | 112 | ||
| Breath Sounds | 112 | ||
| Pulse Oximetry | 112 | ||
| Assessment of Oxygen Saturation | 113 | ||
| Mechanism of Action | 113 | ||
| Interpretation of Results | 114 | ||
| Purpose of Pulse Oximetry | 114 | ||
| Components of the Pulse Oximeter | 114 | ||
| Monitor | 115 | ||
| Probe | 115 | ||
| Factors Affecting Pulse Oximetry | 116 | ||
| Pulse Oximeter Care and Maintenance | 117 | ||
| Blood Pressure | 122 | ||
| Mechanism of Blood Pressure | 122 | ||
| Interpretation of Blood Pressure | 122 | ||
| Pulse Pressure | 123 | ||
| Factors Affecting Blood Pressure | 123 | ||
| Assessment of Blood Pressure: Manual Method | 123 | ||
| Stethoscope | 124 | ||
| Stethoscope Chest Piece | 124 | ||
| Manual Sphygmomanometer | 124 | ||
| Aneroid Sphygmomanometer | 124 | ||
| Cuff Sizes | 124 | ||
| Korotkoff Sounds | 126 | ||
| Assessment of Blood Pressure: Automatic Method | 128 | ||
| Advantages | 132 | ||
| Disadvantages | 133 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 137 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 137 | ||
| 5 The Physical Examination | 141 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 141 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 141 | ||
| Key Terms | 142 | ||
| Introduction to the Physical Examination | 142 | ||
| Definitions of Terms | 142 | ||
| Preparation of the Examining Room | 143 | ||
| Preparation of the Patient | 144 | ||
| Measuring Weight and Height | 145 | ||
| Body Mechanics | 153 | ||
| Principles | 154 | ||
| Application of Body Mechanics | 155 | ||
| Standing | 155 | ||
| Sitting | 155 | ||
| Lifting | 155 | ||
| Positioning and Draping | 156 | ||
| Wheelchair Transfer | 165 | ||
| Assessment of the Patient | 170 | ||
| Inspection | 173 | ||
| Palpation | 173 | ||
| Percussion | 173 | ||
| Auscultation | 173 | ||
| Assisting the Provider | 174 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 177 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 177 | ||
| 6 Eye and Ear Assessment and Procedures | 179 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 179 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 179 | ||
| Key Terms | 179 | ||
| Introduction to the Eye | 180 | ||
| Structure of the Eye | 180 | ||
| Visual Acuity | 181 | ||
| Eye Specialists | 181 | ||
| Assessment of Distance Visual Acuity | 181 | ||
| Conducting a Snellen Test | 182 | ||
| Assessing Distance Visual Acuity in Preschool Children | 183 | ||
| Assessment of Near Visual Acuity | 183 | ||
| Assessment of Color Vision | 184 | ||
| Ishihara Test | 184 | ||
| Eye Irrigation | 190 | ||
| Eye Instillation | 190 | ||
| Introduction to the Ear | 194 | ||
| Structure of the Ear | 194 | ||
| Assessment of Hearing Acuity | 195 | ||
| Types of Hearing Loss | 195 | ||
| Hearing Acuity Tests | 196 | ||
| Gross Screening Test | 196 | ||
| Tuning Fork Tests | 196 | ||
| Audiometry | 196 | ||
| Tympanometry | 198 | ||
| Ear Irrigation | 199 | ||
| Ear Instillation | 199 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 205 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 205 | ||
| 7 Physical Agents to Promote Tissue Healing | 207 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 207 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 207 | ||
| Key Terms | 208 | ||
| Introduction to Tissue Healing | 208 | ||
| Local Application of Heat and Cold | 208 | ||
| Factors Affecting the Application of Heat and Cold | 208 | ||
| Heat | 209 | ||
| Local Effects of Heat | 209 | ||
| Purpose of Applying Heat | 209 | ||
| Types of Heat Applications | 209 | ||
| Heating Pad | 209 | ||
| Hot Soak | 210 | ||
| Hot Compress | 210 | ||
| Chemical Hot Pack | 210 | ||
| Cold | 211 | ||
| Local Effects of Cold | 211 | ||
| Purpose of Applying Cold | 211 | ||
| Types of Cold Applications | 211 | ||
| Ice Bag | 211 | ||
| Cold Compress | 211 | ||
| Chemical Cold Pack | 211 | ||
| Casts | 218 | ||
| Synthetic Casts | 219 | ||
| Cast Application | 219 | ||
| Precautions | 221 | ||
| Guidelines for Cast Care | 221 | ||
| Symptoms to Report | 222 | ||
| Cast Removal | 222 | ||
| Splints and Braces | 223 | ||
| Ambulatory Aids | 224 | ||
| Crutches | 224 | ||
| Axillary Crutch Measurement | 225 | ||
| Crutch Guidelines | 225 | ||
| Crutch Gaits | 225 | ||
| Canes | 225 | ||
| Walkers | 226 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 232 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 232 | ||
| 8 The Gynecologic Examination and Prenatal Care | 234 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 235 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 234 | ||
| Key Terms | 235 | ||
| Gynecology | 235 | ||
| Obstetrics | 235 | ||
| Introduction to the Gynecologic Examination and Prenatal Care | 235 | ||
| Gynecologic Examination | 235 | ||
| Terms Related to Gynecology | 236 | ||
| Breast Examination | 236 | ||
| Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines | 237 | ||
| Pelvic Examination | 238 | ||
| Inspection of External Genitalia, Vagina, and Cervix | 238 | ||
| Pap Test | 238 | ||
| Patient Instructions | 240 | ||
| Specimen Collection | 240 | ||
| Vaginal Specimen | 240 | ||
| Cervical Specimen | 240 | ||
| Endocervical Specimen | 240 | ||
| Preparation Methods | 241 | ||
| Direct Smear | 241 | ||
| Liquid-Based Preparation | 241 | ||
| Cytology Request | 242 | ||
| General Information | 242 | ||
| Date and Time of Collection | 242 | ||
| Collection Method | 242 | ||
| Source of the Specimen | 242 | ||
| Collection Technique | 242 | ||
| Patient History | 242 | ||
| Previous Treatment | 242 | ||
| Evaluation of the Pap Specimen | 242 | ||
| Maturation Index | 244 | ||
| Cytology Report | 244 | ||
| Bimanual Pelvic Examination | 245 | ||
| Rectal-Vaginal Examination | 246 | ||
| Vaginal Infections | 252 | ||
| Trichomoniasis | 252 | ||
| Candidiasis | 253 | ||
| Chlamydia | 254 | ||
| Gonorrhea | 254 | ||
| Obstetrics and Prenatal Care | 254 | ||
| Obstetric Terminology | 257 | ||
| Prenatal Visits | 257 | ||
| First Prenatal Visit | 257 | ||
| Prenatal Record | 258 | ||
| Past Medical History | 259 | ||
| Menstrual History | 260 | ||
| Obstetric History | 260 | ||
| Present Pregnancy History | 262 | ||
| Interval Prenatal History | 263 | ||
| Initial Prenatal Examination | 263 | ||
| Purpose | 263 | ||
| Preparation of the Patient | 263 | ||
| Patient Education | 263 | ||
| Laboratory Tests | 263 | ||
| Urine Tests | 264 | ||
| Urinalysis | 264 | ||
| Swab Tests | 265 | ||
| Pap Test | 265 | ||
| Chlamydia and Gonorrhea | 265 | ||
| Trichomoniasis and Candidiasis | 265 | ||
| Group B Streptococcus | 265 | ||
| Blood Tests | 266 | ||
| Complete Blood Count | 266 | ||
| Hemoglobin and Hematocrit | 266 | ||
| Rh Factor and ABO Blood Type | 266 | ||
| Glucose Challenge Test | 266 | ||
| Syphilis Test | 266 | ||
| Rubella Antibody Titer | 266 | ||
| Rh Antibody Titer (on Rh-Negative Blood Specimens) | 266 | ||
| Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus | 266 | ||
| Return Prenatal Visits | 267 | ||
| Fundal Height Measurement | 268 | ||
| Fetal Heart Tones | 269 | ||
| Vaginal Examination | 270 | ||
| Special Tests and Procedures | 270 | ||
| Multiple Marker Test | 270 | ||
| Obstetric Ultrasound Scan | 271 | ||
| Transabdominal Ultrasound Scan | 271 | ||
| Endovaginal Ultrasound Scan | 271 | ||
| Amniocentesis | 271 | ||
| Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring | 273 | ||
| Medical Assisting Responsibilities | 274 | ||
| Six Weeks Postpartum Visit | 277 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 278 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 278 | ||
| What Did Yin-Ling Do? | 278 | ||
| 9 The Pediatric Examination | 282 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 283 | ||
| Learning Objectives/\tProcedures | 282 | ||
| Key Terms | 283 | ||
| Introduction to the Pediatric Examination | 283 | ||
| Pediatric Office Visits | 283 | ||
| Developing a Rapport | 283 | ||
| Carrying the Infant | 285 | ||
| Cradle Position | 286 | ||
| Upright Position | 286 | ||
| Growth Measurements | 286 | ||
| Weight | 286 | ||
| Length and Height | 286 | ||
| Head and Chest Circumference | 286 | ||
| Growth Charts | 287 | ||
| Pediatric Blood Pressure Measurement | 296 | ||
| Special Guidelines for Children | 296 | ||
| Correct Cuff Size | 296 | ||
| Cooperation of the Child | 296 | ||
| Blood Pressure Classifications | 297 | ||
| Collection of a Urine Specimen | 298 | ||
| Pediatric Injections | 300 | ||
| Types of Needles | 300 | ||
| Pediatric Intramuscular Injection Sites | 300 | ||
| Pediatric Subcutaneous Injection Sites | 301 | ||
| Immunizations | 302 | ||
| National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act | 302 | ||
| Newborn Screening Test | 308 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 313 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 313 | ||
| 10 Minor Office Surgery | 315 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 316 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 315 | ||
| Key Terms | 316 | ||
| Introduction to Minor Office Surgery | 317 | ||
| Surgical Asepsis | 318 | ||
| Instruments Used in Minor Office Surgery | 318 | ||
| Scalpels | 319 | ||
| Scissors | 319 | ||
| Forceps | 319 | ||
| Miscellaneous Instruments | 320 | ||
| Gynecologic Instruments | 324 | ||
| Care of Surgical Instruments | 324 | ||
| Commercially Prepared Sterile Packages | 324 | ||
| Wounds | 330 | ||
| Wound Healing | 330 | ||
| Phases of Wound Healing | 330 | ||
| Phase 1 | 330 | ||
| Phase 2 | 331 | ||
| Phase 3 | 332 | ||
| Wound Drainage | 332 | ||
| Sterile Dressing Change | 332 | ||
| Sutures | 335 | ||
| Types of Sutures | 335 | ||
| Suture Size and Packaging | 337 | ||
| Suture Needles | 337 | ||
| Insertion of Sutures | 338 | ||
| Suture Insertion Setup | 338 | ||
| Items Placed to the Side of the Sterile Field | 338 | ||
| Items Included on the Sterile Field | 338 | ||
| Procedure: Suture Insertion | 338 | ||
| Postoperative Instructions: Suture Insertion | 338 | ||
| Suture Removal | 339 | ||
| Surgical Skin Staples | 339 | ||
| Adhesive Skin Closures | 340 | ||
| Assisting With Minor Office Surgery | 347 | ||
| Tray Setup | 347 | ||
| Methods Used to Set Up a Sterile Tray | 347 | ||
| Side Table | 348 | ||
| Skin Preparation | 348 | ||
| Shaving the Site | 348 | ||
| Cleansing the Site | 348 | ||
| Antiseptic Application | 348 | ||
| Local Anesthetic | 348 | ||
| Preparing the Anesthetic | 349 | ||
| Assisting the Physician | 349 | ||
| Medical Office Surgical Procedures | 356 | ||
| Sebaceous Cyst Removal | 356 | ||
| Sebaceous Cyst Setup | 356 | ||
| Items Placed to the Side of the Sterile Field | 356 | ||
| Items Included on the Sterile Field | 356 | ||
| Procedure: Sebaceous Cyst Removal | 357 | ||
| Postoperative Instructions: Sebaceous Cyst Removal | 357 | ||
| Surgical Incision and Drainage of Localized Infections | 357 | ||
| Incision and Drainage Setup | 358 | ||
| Items Placed to the Side of the Sterile Field | 358 | ||
| Items Included on the Sterile Field | 358 | ||
| Procedure: Incision and Drainage | 358 | ||
| Postoperative Instructions: Incision and Drainage | 358 | ||
| Mole Removal | 358 | ||
| Mole Shave Excision Setup | 360 | ||
| 11 Administration of Medication and Intravenous Therapy | 375 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 376 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 375 | ||
| Key Terms | 377 | ||
| Introduction to the Administration of Medication | 377 | ||
| Administering, Prescribing, and Dispensing Medication | 377 | ||
| Legal Aspects | 377 | ||
| Routes of Administration | 377 | ||
| Drug References | 377 | ||
| Food and Drug Administration | 378 | ||
| Drug Nomenclature | 380 | ||
| Classification of Drugs Based on Preparation | 381 | ||
| Liquid Preparations | 381 | ||
| Solid Preparations | 381 | ||
| Classification of Drugs Based on Action | 382 | ||
| Systems of Measurement for Medication | 398 | ||
| Metric System | 398 | ||
| Household System | 399 | ||
| Converting Units of Measurement | 400 | ||
| Controlled Drugs | 400 | ||
| Prescription | 402 | ||
| Parts of a Prescription | 402 | ||
| Generic Prescribing | 405 | ||
| Completing a Prescription Form | 405 | ||
| Electronic Medical Record Prescription Program | 405 | ||
| Medication Record | 408 | ||
| Factors Affecting Drug Action | 409 | ||
| Therapeutic Effect | 409 | ||
| Age | 410 | ||
| Route of Administration | 410 | ||
| Size | 410 | ||
| Time of Administration | 410 | ||
| Tolerance | 410 | ||
| Undesirable Effects of Drugs | 410 | ||
| Adverse Reactions | 410 | ||
| Drug Interactions | 410 | ||
| Allergic Drug Reaction | 410 | ||
| Idiosyncratic Reaction | 411 | ||
| Guidelines for Preparation and Administration of Medication | 411 | ||
| Oral Administration | 411 | ||
| Parenteral Administration | 413 | ||
| Parts of a Needle and Syringe | 414 | ||
| Needle | 414 | ||
| Syringe | 414 | ||
| Safety-Engineered Syringes | 415 | ||
| Preparation of Parenteral Medications | 415 | ||
| Vials | 416 | ||
| Ampules | 417 | ||
| Prefilled Syringes | 418 | ||
| Storage | 418 | ||
| Reconstitution of Powdered Drugs | 418 | ||
| Subcutaneous Injections | 419 | ||
| Intramuscular Injections | 419 | ||
| Intramuscular Injection Sites | 420 | ||
| Dorsogluteal Site | 420 | ||
| Deltoid Site | 420 | ||
| Vastus Lateralis Site | 420 | ||
| Ventrogluteal Site | 420 | ||
| Z-Track Method | 420 | ||
| Intradermal Injections | 421 | ||
| Tuberculin Skin Testing | 433 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 433 | ||
| Purpose of Tuberculin Skin Testing | 433 | ||
| Tuberculin Skin Test Reactions | 434 | ||
| Mantoux Tuberculin Skin Test | 434 | ||
| Guidelines for Administering a Mantoux Tuberculin Skin Test | 436 | ||
| Guidelines for Reading Mantoux Tuberculin Skin Test Results | 436 | ||
| Two-Step Tuberculin Skin Test | 437 | ||
| Tuberculosis Blood Test | 437 | ||
| Allergy Testing | 440 | ||
| Allergy | 440 | ||
| Allergic Reaction | 440 | ||
| Diagnosis and Treatment | 440 | ||
| Types of Allergy Tests | 440 | ||
| Direct Skin Testing | 440 | ||
| Quality Control | 442 | ||
| Negative Control | 442 | ||
| Positive Control | 443 | ||
| Types of Direct Skin Tests | 444 | ||
| Patch Testing | 444 | ||
| Skin-Prick Testing | 444 | ||
| Intradermal Skin Testing | 445 | ||
| In Vitro Allergy Blood Testing | 445 | ||
| Intravenous Therapy | 449 | ||
| Advantages of Outpatient Intravenous Therapy | 449 | ||
| Earlier Hospital Discharge | 450 | ||
| Avoidance of Hospitalization | 450 | ||
| Medical Office–Based Intravenous Therapy | 450 | ||
| Indications for Outpatient Intravenous Therapy | 451 | ||
| Scheduling the Intravenous Therapy | 451 | ||
| Medical Office Guidelines | 451 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 451 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 451 | ||
| 12 Cardiopulmonary Procedures | 454 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 455 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 454 | ||
| Key Terms | 456 | ||
| Introduction to Electrocardiography | 456 | ||
| Structure of the Heart | 456 | ||
| Conduction System of the Heart | 457 | ||
| Cardiac Cycle | 458 | ||
| Waves | 458 | ||
| Baseline, Segments, and Intervals | 459 | ||
| Segments | 459 | ||
| Intervals | 459 | ||
| Electrocardiograph Paper | 460 | ||
| Standardization of the Electrocardiograph | 460 | ||
| Electrocardiograph Leads | 461 | ||
| Electrodes | 461 | ||
| Bipolar Leads | 462 | ||
| Augmented Leads | 463 | ||
| Chest Leads | 463 | ||
| Paper Speed | 464 | ||
| Patient Preparation | 465 | ||
| Maintenance of the Electrocardiograph | 465 | ||
| Electrocardiographic Capabilities | 465 | ||
| Three-Channel Recording Capability | 466 | ||
| Interpretive Electrocardiograph | 466 | ||
| Electronic Medical Record Connectivity | 467 | ||
| Teletransmission | 467 | ||
| Artifacts | 467 | ||
| Muscle Artifact | 468 | ||
| Wandering Baseline Artifact | 468 | ||
| 60-Cycle Interference Artifact | 468 | ||
| Interrupted Baseline Artifact | 470 | ||
| Holter Monitor Electrocardiography | 473 | ||
| Purpose | 473 | ||
| Digital Holter Monitor | 473 | ||
| Patient Preparation | 474 | ||
| Electrode Placement | 474 | ||
| Patient Diary | 474 | ||
| Event Marker | 475 | ||
| Evaluating Results | 475 | ||
| Maintenance of the Holter Monitor | 476 | ||
| Cardiac Dysrhythmias | 480 | ||
| Premature Atrial Contraction | 480 | ||
| 13 Colon Procedures and Male Reproductive Health | 503 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 503 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 503 | ||
| Key Terms | 504 | ||
| Introduction to Colon Procedures | 504 | ||
| Structure of the Large Intestine | 504 | ||
| Blood in the Stool | 504 | ||
| Fecal Occult Blood Test | 504 | ||
| Guaiac Slide Test | 504 | ||
| Purpose | 505 | ||
| Patient Preparation | 505 | ||
| Quality Control | 506 | ||
| Other Types of Stool Tests | 509 | ||
| Fecal Immunochemical Test | 509 | ||
| Fecal DNA Test | 509 | ||
| Sigmoidoscopy | 513 | ||
| Purpose | 513 | ||
| Patient Preparation for Sigmoidoscopy | 514 | ||
| Digital Rectal Examination | 514 | ||
| Sigmoidoscope | 514 | ||
| Procedure | 514 | ||
| Colonoscopy | 516 | ||
| Purpose | 516 | ||
| Patient Preparation for Colonoscopy | 517 | ||
| Procedure | 518 | ||
| Introduction to Male Reproductive Health | 518 | ||
| Prostate Cancer | 518 | ||
| Prostate Cancer Screening | 518 | ||
| Digital Rectal Examination | 518 | ||
| Prostate-Specific Antigen Test | 519 | ||
| Recommendations for Prostate Screening | 519 | ||
| Testicular Self-Examination | 519 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 520 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 520 | ||
| What Did Megan Do? | 520 | ||
| 14 Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging | 522 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 522 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 522 | ||
| Key Terms | 523 | ||
| Introduction to Radiology | 523 | ||
| Conventional Radiology | 523 | ||
| Digital Radiology | 523 | ||
| Contrast Media | 524 | ||
| Fluoroscopy | 524 | ||
| Positioning the Patient | 525 | ||
| Specific Radiographic Examinations | 525 | ||
| Mammography | 526 | ||
| Bone Density Scan | 526 | ||
| Gastrointestinal Series | 527 | ||
| Upper Gastrointestinal Radiography | 527 | ||
| Lower Gastrointestinal Radiography | 528 | ||
| Intravenous Pyelography | 529 | ||
| Other Types of Radiographs | 530 | ||
| Introduction to Diagnostic Imaging | 530 | ||
| Ultrasonography | 530 | ||
| Patient Preparation | 531 | ||
| Computed Tomography | 532 | ||
| Patient Preparation | 532 | ||
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 533 | ||
| Patient Preparation | 534 | ||
| Nuclear Medicine | 534 | ||
| Bone Scans | 535 | ||
| Nuclear Cardiac Stress Test | 535 | ||
| Guidelines | 536 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 536 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 536 | ||
| 15 Introduction to the Clinical Laboratory | 538 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 539 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 538 | ||
| Key Terms | 539 | ||
| Introduction to the Clinical Laboratory | 539 | ||
| Laboratory Tests | 540 | ||
| Purpose of Laboratory Testing | 540 | ||
| Types of Clinical Laboratories | 543 | ||
| Physician’s Office Laboratory | 543 | ||
| Components of the Physician’s Office Laboratory | 543 | ||
| Physical Structure | 543 | ||
| Refrigerator | 544 | ||
| Safety Measures | 544 | ||
| Equipment and Supplies | 544 | ||
| Emergency Eyewash Station | 544 | ||
| Procedure for Operating an Emergency Eyewash Station | 544 | ||
| Procedure for Inspecting and Activating an Eyewash Station | 545 | ||
| Room Temperature and Lighting | 545 | ||
| Maintenance | 545 | ||
| Outside Laboratories | 546 | ||
| Laboratory Directory | 546 | ||
| Collection and Testing Categories | 548 | ||
| Laboratory Requests | 548 | ||
| Purpose | 548 | ||
| Parts of Laboratory Request Form | 548 | ||
| Laboratory Reports | 552 | ||
| Laboratory Documents and the Electronic Medical Record | 553 | ||
| Patient Preparation and Instructions | 555 | ||
| Fasting | 557 | ||
| Medication Restrictions | 557 | ||
| Collecting, Handling, and Transporting Specimens | 557 | ||
| Guidelines for Specimen Collection | 558 | ||
| Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments | 564 | ||
| Purpose of Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments | 564 | ||
| Categories of Laboratory Testing | 565 | ||
| 1. Waived Tests | 565 | ||
| 2. Moderate-Complexity Tests | 565 | ||
| 3. High-Complexity Tests | 565 | ||
| Requirements for Moderate-Complexity and High-Complexity Testing | 565 | ||
| CLIA-Waived Laboratory Testing | 566 | ||
| CLIA-Waived Testing Kits | 566 | ||
| CLIA-Waived Automated Analyzers | 567 | ||
| Quality Control | 568 | ||
| 1. Storage and Handling of Test Systems | 569 | ||
| 2. Stability of Testing Components | 569 | ||
| 3. Calibration | 569 | ||
| 4. Controls | 570 | ||
| 5. Collecting and Handling Specimens | 571 | ||
| 6. Testing the Specimen | 571 | ||
| 7. Interpreting and Reading Test Results | 572 | ||
| Categories of Test Results | 572 | ||
| Qualitative Test Results | 572 | ||
| Quantitative Test Results | 572 | ||
| Documenting Test Results | 572 | ||
| Laboratory Safety | 572 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 574 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 574 | ||
| 16 Urinalysis | 576 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 576 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 576 | ||
| Key Terms | 577 | ||
| Structure and Function of the Urinary System | 577 | ||
| Composition of Urine | 577 | ||
| Terms Related to the Urinary System | 578 | ||
| Collection of Urine | 578 | ||
| Guidelines for Urine Collection | 579 | ||
| Urine Specimen Collection Methods | 579 | ||
| Random Specimen | 579 | ||
| First-Voided Morning Specimen | 579 | ||
| Clean-Catch Midstream Specimen | 579 | ||
| Guidelines | 579 | ||
| Twenty-Four–Hour Urine Specimen | 580 | ||
| Analysis of Urine | 584 | ||
| Physical Examination of Urine | 584 | ||
| Color | 584 | ||
| Appearance | 585 | ||
| Odor | 585 | ||
| Specific Gravity | 585 | ||
| Chemical Examination of Urine | 585 | ||
| Urine Testing Kits | 586 | ||
| pH | 586 | ||
| Glucose | 587 | ||
| Protein | 588 | ||
| Ketone | 589 | ||
| Bilirubin | 589 | ||
| Urobilinogen | 589 | ||
| Blood | 589 | ||
| Nitrite | 589 | ||
| Leukocytes | 589 | ||
| Reagent Strips | 589 | ||
| Guidelines for Reagent Strip Urine Testing | 592 | ||
| Quality Control Testing | 592 | ||
| Urine Analyzer | 592 | ||
| Microscopic Examination of Urine | 596 | ||
| Red Blood Cells | 596 | ||
| White Blood Cells | 596 | ||
| Epithelial Cells | 596 | ||
| Casts | 596 | ||
| Crystals | 596 | ||
| Miscellaneous Structures | 596 | ||
| Rapid Urine Cultures | 608 | ||
| Urine Pregnancy Testing | 608 | ||
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin | 608 | ||
| Immunoassays | 609 | ||
| Guidelines for Urine Pregnancy Testing | 609 | ||
| Serum Pregnancy Test | 609 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 614 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 614 | ||
| 17 Phlebotomy | 617 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 617 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 617 | ||
| Key Terms | 618 | ||
| Introduction to Phlebotomy | 618 | ||
| Venipuncture | 618 | ||
| General Guidelines for Venipuncture | 619 | ||
| Patient Preparation for Venipuncture | 619 | ||
| Review Collection and Handling Requirements | 619 | ||
| Identification of the Patient | 619 | ||
| Assemble the Equipment and Supplies | 620 | ||
| Reassuring the Patient | 621 | ||
| Patient Position for Venipuncture | 621 | ||
| Application of the Tourniquet | 622 | ||
| Guidelines for Applying the Tourniquet | 622 | ||
| Types of Tourniquets | 623 | ||
| Rubber Tourniquet | 623 | ||
| Procedure: Rubber Tourniquet | 623 | ||
| Velcro-Closure Tourniquet | 624 | ||
| Procedure: Velcro-Closure Tourniquet | 624 | ||
| Site Selection for Venipuncture | 624 | ||
| Guidelines for Site Selection | 625 | ||
| Alternative Venipuncture Sites | 625 | ||
| Types of Blood Specimens | 626 | ||
| OSHA Safety Precautions | 627 | ||
| Vacuum Tube Method of Venipuncture | 627 | ||
| Needle | 628 | ||
| Safety-Engineered Venipuncture Devices | 628 | ||
| Plastic Holder | 628 | ||
| Evacuated Tubes | 628 | ||
| Additive Content of Evacuated Tubes | 630 | ||
| Order of Draw for Multiple Tubes | 631 | ||
| Evacuated Tube Guidelines | 631 | ||
| Butterfly Method of Venipuncture | 639 | ||
| Guidelines for the Butterfly Method | 640 | ||
| Problems Encountered With Venipuncture | 646 | ||
| Failure to Obtain Blood | 646 | ||
| Inappropriate Puncture Sites | 646 | ||
| Scarred and Sclerosed Veins | 646 | ||
| Rolling Veins | 647 | ||
| Collapsing Veins | 647 | ||
| Premature Needle Withdrawal | 647 | ||
| Hematoma | 648 | ||
| Hemolysis | 648 | ||
| Fainting | 648 | ||
| Obtaining a Serum Specimen | 649 | ||
| Serum | 649 | ||
| Tube Selection | 649 | ||
| Preparation of the Specimen | 649 | ||
| Removal of Serum | 649 | ||
| Serum Separator Tubes | 649 | ||
| Obtaining a Plasma Specimen | 652 | ||
| Plasma | 652 | ||
| Tube Selection | 652 | ||
| Preparation and Removal of the Specimen | 653 | ||
| Plasma Separator Tube | 653 | ||
| Skin Puncture | 653 | ||
| Puncture Sites | 653 | ||
| Skin Puncture Devices | 653 | ||
| Disposable Semiautomatic Lancet | 654 | ||
| Reusable Semiautomatic Lancet | 655 | ||
| Microcollection Devices | 655 | ||
| Capillary Tubes | 655 | ||
| Microcollection Tubes | 655 | ||
| Guidelines for Performing a Finger Puncture | 655 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 659 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 659 | ||
| 18 Hematology | 661 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 661 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 661 | ||
| Key Terms | 662 | ||
| Introduction to Hematology | 662 | ||
| Components and Functions of Blood | 662 | ||
| Erythrocytes | 662 | ||
| Leukocytes | 664 | ||
| Thrombocytes | 666 | ||
| Hemoglobin Determination | 666 | ||
| Hematocrit | 667 | ||
| White Blood Cell Count | 667 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Count | 671 | ||
| Red Blood Cell Indices | 671 | ||
| MCV: Mean Corpuscular Volume | 671 | ||
| MCH: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin | 671 | ||
| MCHC: Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration | 672 | ||
| RDW: Red Cell Distribution Width | 672 | ||
| White Blood Cell Differential Count | 672 | ||
| Automatic Method | 673 | ||
| Manual Method | 673 | ||
| Types of White Blood Cells | 673 | ||
| Reference Range | 674 | ||
| PT/INR | 677 | ||
| Purpose | 677 | ||
| Collection of the Specimen | 677 | ||
| Performing a PT/INR Test | 678 | ||
| PT/INR Home Testing | 678 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 680 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 680 | ||
| 19 Blood Chemistry and Immunology | 682 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 682 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 682 | ||
| Key Terms | 683 | ||
| Introduction to Blood Chemistry and Immunology | 683 | ||
| Blood Chemistry | 683 | ||
| Collection of a Blood Chemistry Specimen | 683 | ||
| Automated Blood Chemistry Analyzers | 686 | ||
| Quality Control | 688 | ||
| Calibration | 688 | ||
| Controls | 688 | ||
| Blood Glucose | 690 | ||
| Blood Glucose Testing | 690 | ||
| Fasting Blood Glucose Test | 690 | ||
| Two-Hour Postprandial Blood Glucose Test | 690 | ||
| Oral Glucose Tolerance Test | 690 | ||
| Testing Requirements | 691 | ||
| Side Effects | 691 | ||
| Interpretation of Results | 691 | ||
| Hypoglycemia | 691 | ||
| Tests for Management of Diabetes | 691 | ||
| Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose | 692 | ||
| Frequency of Testing | 694 | ||
| Test Results | 694 | ||
| Advantages | 694 | ||
| Hemoglobin A1c Test | 695 | ||
| Interpretation of Results | 695 | ||
| Glucose Meters | 695 | ||
| Reagent Test Strips | 696 | ||
| Calibration Procedure | 696 | ||
| Control Procedure | 696 | ||
| Care and Maintenance | 697 | ||
| Cholesterol | 701 | ||
| HDL and LDL Cholesterol | 701 | ||
| Cholesterol Testing | 702 | ||
| Interpretation of Results | 702 | ||
| Patient Preparation | 703 | ||
| CLIA-Waived Cholesterol Analyzers | 703 | ||
| Triglycerides | 704 | ||
| Blood Urea Nitrogen | 705 | ||
| Immunology | 705 | ||
| Immunologic Tests | 705 | ||
| Hepatitis Tests | 705 | ||
| HIV Tests | 705 | ||
| Syphilis Tests | 705 | ||
| Mononucleosis Test | 705 | ||
| Rheumatoid Factor | 705 | ||
| Antistreptolysin O Test | 705 | ||
| C-Reactive Protein | 706 | ||
| Cold Agglutinins | 706 | ||
| ABO and Rh Blood Typing | 706 | ||
| Rh Antibody Titer | 706 | ||
| Rapid Mononucleosis Testing | 706 | ||
| Blood Typing | 708 | ||
| Blood Antigens | 708 | ||
| Blood Antibodies | 708 | ||
| Rh Blood Group System | 709 | ||
| Blood Antigen and Antibody Reactions | 709 | ||
| Agglutination and Blood Typing | 710 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 711 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 711 | ||
| 20 Medical Microbiology | 713 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 714 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 713 | ||
| Key Terms | 714 | ||
| Introduction to Microbiology | 714 | ||
| Normal Flora | 715 | ||
| Infection | 715 | ||
| Stages of an Infectious Disease | 715 | ||
| Microorganisms and Disease | 716 | ||
| Bacteria | 716 | ||
| Cocci | 716 | ||
| Bacilli | 716 | ||
| Spirilla | 717 | ||
| Viruses | 718 | ||
| Microscope | 718 | ||
| Support System | 718 | ||
| Frame | 718 | ||
| Stage | 718 | ||
| Light Source | 718 | ||
| Condenser | 719 | ||
| Diaphragm | 719 | ||
| Adjustment Knobs | 719 | ||
| Optical System | 719 | ||
| Eyepiece | 719 | ||
| Objective Lenses | 719 | ||
| Focus | 719 | ||
| Low and High Power | 719 | ||
| Oil Immersion | 720 | ||
| Care of the Microscope | 720 | ||
| Microbiologic Specimen Collection | 723 | ||
| Handling and Transporting Microbiologic Specimens | 723 | ||
| Wound Specimens | 724 | ||
| Collection and Transport Systems | 724 | ||
| Testing a Microbiologic Specimen in the POL | 726 | ||
| Streptococcal Pharyngitis (Strep Throat) | 726 | ||
| Symptoms | 726 | ||
| CLIA-Waived Streptococcus Testing | 726 | ||
| Influenza | 727 | ||
| Transmission and Incubation Period | 727 | ||
| Symptoms | 727 | ||
| Complications | 727 | ||
| Prevention | 727 | ||
| Influenza Vaccine | 727 | ||
| Infection Control Measures | 728 | ||
| Treatment | 728 | ||
| Home Care | 728 | ||
| Antiviral Medications | 728 | ||
| CLIA-Waived Influenza Testing | 728 | ||
| Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimen | 729 | ||
| Culture and Sensitivity Testing | 736 | ||
| Microbial Cultures | 736 | ||
| Sensitivity Testing | 736 | ||
| Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases | 737 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 737 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 737 | ||
| 21 Nutrition | 739 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 740 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 739 | ||
| Key Terms | 740 | ||
| Introduction to Nutrition | 740 | ||
| Definition of Terms | 740 | ||
| Nutrients | 741 | ||
| Classification of Nutrients | 741 | ||
| Macronutrients | 741 | ||
| Micronutrients | 741 | ||
| Carbohydrates | 742 | ||
| Classification of Carbohydrates | 742 | ||
| Simple Carbohydrates | 742 | ||
| Complex Carbohydrates | 742 | ||
| Dietary Fiber | 742 | ||
| Soluble Fiber | 743 | ||
| Insoluble Fiber | 743 | ||
| Fat | 743 | ||
| Types of Dietary Fat | 743 | ||
| Saturated Fat | 744 | ||
| Unsaturated Fat | 744 | ||
| Trans Fat | 744 | ||
| Cholesterol | 744 | ||
| Triglycerides | 744 | ||
| Protein | 745 | ||
| Amino Acids | 746 | ||
| Classification of Amino Acids | 746 | ||
| Essential Amino Acids | 746 | ||
| Nonessential Amino Acids | 746 | ||
| Classification of Protein | 746 | ||
| Complete Protein | 746 | ||
| Incomplete Protein | 746 | ||
| Vitamins | 747 | ||
| Classification of Vitamins | 747 | ||
| Water-Soluble Vitamins | 747 | ||
| Fat-Soluble Vitamins | 747 | ||
| Antioxidant Vitamins | 747 | ||
| Minerals | 748 | ||
| Classification of Minerals | 748 | ||
| Major Minerals | 749 | ||
| Trace Minerals | 749 | ||
| Water | 750 | ||
| Dietary Supplements | 750 | ||
| Tools for Healthy Nutrition | 752 | ||
| Nutrition Guides | 752 | ||
| MyPlate | 752 | ||
| 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans | 753 | ||
| Food Labels | 753 | ||
| Nutrition Facts Panel | 753 | ||
| 1. Serving Size and Servings per Package | 753 | ||
| 2. Amount of Calories | 753 | ||
| 3. Percent Daily Value | 753 | ||
| 4. Nutrients That Should Be Limited | 755 | ||
| 5. Nutrients That Should Be Obtained in Adequate Amounts | 755 | ||
| 6. Footnote With Daily Values | 755 | ||
| 7. Additional Nutrients | 756 | ||
| Carbohydrates | 756 | ||
| Protein | 756 | ||
| Ingredient List | 756 | ||
| Nutrition Therapy | 758 | ||
| Weight Management | 758 | ||
| Obesity | 759 | ||
| Treatment of Obesity | 760 | ||
| Nutrition Therapy | 760 | ||
| Physical Exercise Program | 760 | ||
| Behavior Modification Plan | 761 | ||
| Cardiovascular Disease | 761 | ||
| Nutrition Therapy | 761 | ||
| TLC Eating Plan | 761 | ||
| Dietary Cholesterol | 761 | ||
| Saturated Fat | 761 | ||
| Soluble Fiber | 761 | ||
| Hypertension | 762 | ||
| Nutrition Therapy | 762 | ||
| DASH Eating Plan | 762 | ||
| DASH Recommendations | 762 | ||
| Sodium Intake | 762 | ||
| Diabetes | 762 | ||
| Type 1 Diabetes | 763 | ||
| Nutrition Therapy | 763 | ||
| Exchange List System | 763 | ||
| Carbohydrate Counting Method | 763 | ||
| MyPlate Method | 763 | ||
| Type 2 Diabetes | 763 | ||
| Nutrition Therapy | 764 | ||
| Lactose Intolerance | 765 | ||
| Nutrition Therapy | 765 | ||
| Gluten Intolerance | 766 | ||
| Celiac Disease | 766 | ||
| Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity | 766 | ||
| Symptoms of Gluten Intolerance | 766 | ||
| Nutrition Therapy | 766 | ||
| Food Allergies | 766 | ||
| Nutrition Therapy | 767 | ||
| Elimination Diet | 767 | ||
| Rotation Diet | 767 | ||
| Denaturation | 767 | ||
| Medication and Supplements | 767 | ||
| Terminology Review | 768 | ||
| 22 Emergency Preparedness and Protective Practices | 770 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 771 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 770 | ||
| Key Terms | 771 | ||
| Introduction to Disaster and Emergency Planning | 771 | ||
| Categories of Disasters | 771 | ||
| Natural Disasters | 771 | ||
| Man-Made Disasters | 771 | ||
| Psychological Effects of Serious Emergencies | 772 | ||
| The Stress Response | 773 | ||
| Alarm Phase | 773 | ||
| Resistance Phase | 773 | ||
| Recovery or Exhaustion Phase | 774 | ||
| Managing Anxiety | 774 | ||
| Emergency Preparedness in the Medical Office | 775 | ||
| Emergency Action Plan | 775 | ||
| Components of an Emergency Action Plan | 775 | ||
| Fire Safety in the Medical Office | 779 | ||
| Elements of a Fire | 779 | ||
| Fuel Source | 779 | ||
| Ignition Source (Heat) | 779 | ||
| Oxygen | 779 | ||
| Fire Prevention Plan | 779 | ||
| Components of a Fire Prevention Plan | 780 | ||
| Fire Protection in the Medical Office | 780 | ||
| Sprinkler Systems | 780 | ||
| Fire Doors | 781 | ||
| Fire-Resistant Cabinets | 781 | ||
| Fire Alarms | 781 | ||
| Smoke Detectors | 781 | ||
| Fire Extinguishers | 781 | ||
| Emergency Response to a Fire | 783 | ||
| Employee Training and Education | 789 | ||
| Emergency Practice Drills | 789 | ||
| Fire Drills | 789 | ||
| Disaster Drills | 789 | ||
| Medical Assistant’s Role | 790 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 790 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 790 | ||
| What Did Beth Ann Do? | 790 | ||
| What Did Beth Ann Not Do? | 790 | ||
| Case Study 2 | 791 | ||
| 23 Emergency Medical Procedures | 792 | ||
| Chapter Outline | 792 | ||
| Learning Outcomes/\tProcedures | 792 | ||
| Key Terms | 793 | ||
| Introduction to Emergency Medical Procedures | 793 | ||
| Office Crash Cart | 793 | ||
| Emergency Medical Services System | 793 | ||
| First Aid Kit | 796 | ||
| OSHA Safety Precautions | 796 | ||
| Guidelines for Providing Emergency Care | 797 | ||
| Respiratory Distress | 797 | ||
| Asthma | 797 | ||
| Emphysema | 798 | ||
| Hyperventilation | 798 | ||
| Heart Attack | 798 | ||
| Stroke | 798 | ||
| Shock | 799 | ||
| Hypovolemic Shock | 799 | ||
| Cardiogenic Shock | 799 | ||
| Neurogenic Shock | 799 | ||
| Anaphylactic Shock | 799 | ||
| Psychogenic Shock | 799 | ||
| Bleeding | 800 | ||
| External Bleeding | 800 | ||
| Capillary Bleeding | 800 | ||
| Venous Bleeding | 800 | ||
| Arterial Bleeding | 800 | ||
| Emergency Care for External Bleeding | 801 | ||
| Nosebleeds | 801 | ||
| Emergency Care for a Nosebleed | 802 | ||
| Internal Bleeding | 802 | ||
| Wounds | 803 | ||
| Open Wounds | 803 | ||
| Incisions and Lacerations | 803 | ||
| Emergency Care for Incisions and Lacerations | 803 | ||
| Minor Incisions and Lacerations | 803 | ||
| Serious Incisions and Lacerations | 803 | ||
| Punctures | 804 | ||
| Emergency Care for Puncture Wounds | 804 | ||
| Abrasions | 804 | ||
| Emergency Care for Abrasions | 804 | ||
| Closed Wounds | 805 | ||
| Musculoskeletal Injuries | 805 | ||
| Fracture | 805 | ||
| Dislocation | 805 | ||
| Sprain | 805 | ||
| Strain | 805 | ||
| Emergency Care for a Fracture | 806 | ||
| Burns | 807 | ||
| Superficial (First-Degree) Burn | 807 | ||
| Partial-Thickness (Second-Degree) Burn | 807 | ||
| Full-Thickness (Third-Degree) Burn | 807 | ||
| Thermal Burns | 807 | ||
| Emergency Care for Major Thermal Burns | 807 | ||
| Emergency Care for Minor Thermal Burns | 808 | ||
| Chemical Burns | 808 | ||
| Seizures | 808 | ||
| Emergency Care for Seizures | 809 | ||
| Poisoning | 809 | ||
| Ingested Poisons | 809 | ||
| Emergency Care for Poisoning by Ingestion | 810 | ||
| Inhaled Poisons | 810 | ||
| Emergency Care for Inhaled Poisons | 810 | ||
| Absorbed Poisons | 810 | ||
| Emergency Care for Absorbed Poisons | 810 | ||
| Injected Poisons | 810 | ||
| Insect Stings | 811 | ||
| Emergency Care for Insect Stings | 811 | ||
| Spider Bites | 811 | ||
| Emergency Care for Spider Bites | 812 | ||
| Snakebites | 812 | ||
| Emergency Care for Snakebites | 812 | ||
| Animal Bites | 812 | ||
| Emergency Care for Animal Bites | 812 | ||
| Minor Animal Bites. | 812 | ||
| Serious Bites. | 812 | ||
| All Animal Bites. | 812 | ||
| Heat and Cold Exposure | 812 | ||
| Heat Cramps | 813 | ||
| Heat Exhaustion | 813 | ||
| Heatstroke | 813 | ||
| Frostbite | 813 | ||
| Hypothermia | 814 | ||
| Diabetic Emergencies | 814 | ||
| Emergency Care in Diabetes | 815 | ||
| Insulin Shock (Hypoglycemia) | 815 | ||
| Diabetic Coma (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) | 815 | ||
| Doubtful Situations | 815 | ||
| What Would You Do? \tWhat Would You Not Do? \tRESPONSES | 815 | ||
| Case Study 1 | 815 | ||
| What Did Judy Do? | 815 | ||
| Appendix A Medical Abbreviations | 817 | ||
| Glossary | 826 | ||
| Index | 836 | ||
| A | 836 | ||
| B | 837 | ||
| C | 838 | ||
| D | 840 | ||
| E | 841 | ||
| F | 842 | ||
| G | 843 | ||
| H | 843 | ||
| I | 844 | ||
| J | 845 | ||
| K | 845 | ||
| L | 845 | ||
| M | 845 | ||
| N | 847 | ||
| O | 847 | ||
| P | 848 | ||
| Q | 850 | ||
| R | 850 | ||
| S | 851 | ||
| T | 852 | ||
| U | 853 | ||
| V | 854 | ||
| W | 854 | ||
| X | 854 | ||
| Y | 854 | ||
| Z | 854 |